Turnkey retail outlet automation. Three steps to retail store automation. Reasons for possible failures

"1C: Trade Management" ("1C: UT") is a software product for wholesale and retail trade. Allows the complex to automate the management of sales and finances, warehouse, purchases, stocks. In "1C: Trade Management" you can conveniently implement trade, warehouse, financial accounting, as well as work with clients.

"1C: Trade Management" is an updated version of the popular solution "1C: Trade and Warehouse 7.7".

Implementation of 1C: Trade Management will allow:

automate all tasks of operational and management accounting, analysis and planning of trade operations;
manage customer relationship management (CRM);
manage purchases and analyze suppliers;
keep inventory and control of stocks;
manage wholesale, retail and commission sales;
work according to the requirements of EGAIS and 54-FZ;
connect any trade equipment;
effectively manage funds, keep records of loans, deposits and loans;
analyze financial performance and much more!

Who is 1C: Trade Management suitable for?

"1C: Trade Management" has flexible settings and is suitable for any trading company. The functionality of 1C: UT can be adapted to the needs of a business of any size by enabling / disabling various options. For example, if you have a small company, you can buy 1C: Trade Management and disable the functionality required by large companies. These functions will be hidden from the 1C: UT interface and will not interfere with your work.

Program features

Key features and benefits of the 1C: Trade Management program:

Sales management
1C: Trade Management automates the entire sales chain: from creating a commercial offer to invoicing and processing a return.
Customer relationship management (CRM)
CRM in 1C: Trade Management allows you to collect and store detailed information on each client. You will be able to: plan and manage transactions and sales, promptly process customer complaints, monitor the work of sales managers, evaluate the results of marketing campaigns, etc.
Procurement management
"1C: Trade Management" has ample opportunities for procurement management: selection of suppliers, price monitoring, order formation and control of their execution, scheduling of deliveries and payments, returns, etc.
Inventory Management
The program "1C: Trade Management" provides full control of stocks. Detailed operational accounting of goods in warehouses is supported. All warehouse operations are recorded in the system: receipt and movement of goods, sales, inventory, etc.
Financial management
In "1C: Trade Management" a report "Management balance" has been developed to assess the financial condition of the company. With it, you can control the use of funds, analyze credentials, settlements with customers and suppliers, etc.
Monitoring and analysis of performance indicators
A system of target indicators has been created in the 1C: Trade Management program. Their use will allow: analyzing the efficiency of the company, identifying problem areas in time, monitoring the implementation of goals and objectives, making informed management decisions based on accurate data.
Integration with 1C
"1C: Trade Management" integrates with other "1C" solutions. For example, "1C: UT" can be used as a control system for the "1C: Retail" program. It also supports accounting and data transfer to 1C: Accounting.

Why should you buy 1C: Trade Management from 1C-Business Architect?

You can buy 1C: Trade Management in Moscow with free shipping and installation in our company and be sure of the quality of all services. We have many years of experience in the automation of trading activities. The company has a department specializing only in the field of trade.

Chapter 2. Analytical part

3.3 Hardware

4.1 Rationale for utility

Conclusion

List of sources used

Introduction

Kazakhstan stands today at the turn of a new stage of socio-economic modernization and political democratization.

A prosperous and dynamically developing society can only be based on a modern, competitive and open market economy, not limited by the raw materials sector only. It is an economy based on the respect and protection of the institution of private property and contractual relations, the initiative and enterprise of all members of society.

The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 12, 2005 "On the regulation of trade activities" was adopted. The current law in paragraph 2 deals with the procedure for implementing retail.

The operation of a modern self-service store or supermarket is impossible without a well-functioning and efficient retail automation system. This is due, at least, to the presence of a bar coding system, which leads to the need to use computerized trade equipment (POS terminals, fiscal registrars, barcode (label) printers, barcode scanners, data collection terminals, etc.), which should be integrated into the retail automation system.

In retail, a huge variety of resources are connected into a single system: people, money, goods, retail space, specialized technological equipment, software... It is during the sale of goods that a huge flow of information is processed. Here events unfold with lightning speed, requiring an almost instant reaction.

Implementation is the main volume indicator of the enterprise's activity. The implementation process is a set of business transactions related to the sale and sale of products.

Achievement of this goal, on the one hand, presupposes the improvement of the legislative, financial tax environment in which trade enterprises operate, and on the other hand, requires a radical improvement in the work of the enterprises themselves in the conditions of market relations.

The maximum use of market and financial mechanisms, in which the independence of enterprises in the implementation of the trade and production process in accordance with the demand of consumers is greatest, is characteristic, first of all, for industries whose enterprises satisfy the needs of the population in goods and services, namely for trade.

Activities trade enterprises has a number of characteristic features:

the range of goods largely depends on the nature of demand and the characteristics of the contingent served, its professional, national, age composition, purchasing power, working and living conditions;

enterprises are organizationally and trade-technologically quite autonomous and independent in the process of selling goods, and each has its own income and expenses that can be taken into account and compared;

enterprises are as close as possible to consumers and are relatively small in size, which allows them to quickly respond to changes in the market situation;

the demand for goods and services of trade enterprises, taking into account the profile of their activities, is subject to significant fluctuations in the seasons, days of the week and even hours of the day;

along with the sale of goods, enterprises provide a large volume of additional services in order to attract buyers.

To make informed and effective decisions in production activities, in economic management and in politics, a modern specialist must be able to receive, accumulate, store and process data using computers and communication means, presenting the result in the form of visual documents.

Application computing technology in the field of sales of goods sharply increases the accounting and control of this area of \u200b\u200bactivity.

This became possible due to the fact that working information is permanently stored in computer storage devices; due to automated accounting, it became possible to develop daily key indicatorsreflecting the actual state of production and commercial activities of the enterprise. According to the accounting data, the computer automatically compares the current indicators of the enterprise with the planned targets for the corresponding period.

If deviations of the implementation of the trading process from the specified one are revealed in terms of such indicators as product sales, product receipt, level of stocks of products, the ratio of supplies under contracts, etc., then the necessary information is transmitted to the management of trading facilities for taking appropriate measures.

Operational management of the activities of an enterprise can be such if continuous operational control is carried out over the object of management, based on the constant collection, processing, analysis, transformation of information about it.

It is the accounting of the sale of goods that is very important for any enterprise, because the sale of goods constitutes the bulk of the company's profits.

Today, many enterprises and firms still do not use automated accounting in their activities, which significantly increases the amount of time spent on filling out various accounting documents, which significantly complicates the work of the accounting department.

The aim of the course work is to improve the current information system based on new information technologies and telecommunications, to create a software product that ensures the sale of goods, which also involves accounting. This software product must be compatible with any version of Windows, have a user-friendly interface and be easy to use.

In connection with this goal in the work, it is necessary to consider the following tasks:

Study the current system as an object of automation and the introduction of new information technologies;

Consider the current information processing system for the sale of goods and identify its shortcomings, as well as ways to eliminate them;

Give a description of the software used;

Develop ways to improve the software product Luke. Supermarket , in particular for the sale of goods;

Justify the choice of software, hardware and information support for the designed system;

Make a calculation economic efficiency design solutions proposed in the work.

The implementation of the tasks in the work will improve the functions of the current system, improve the quality of the sale of goods to the population.

The work used articles, orders, decrees of the President, monographs on the use of modern telecommunications and new computer technologies.

The relevance of the course work lies in the fact that in the age of new technologies, automation and computerization are the main components of the effective functioning of a commercial enterprise and increasing labor productivity.

Chapter 1. Theoretical part. Study of the current data processing system

1.1 Description of the automation object

The process of formation of market infrastructure carried out during the years of reforms in Kazakhstan was especially active in the consumer market and was characterized by high level competition and business activity... Modern consumer market The republic is distinguished by a relatively high saturation and a wide range of goods. The dynamics of the sale of goods and services is gradually becoming more and more stable.

At present, the volume of retail turnover is formed almost entirely by the non-state sector (trade enterprises of non-state forms of ownership, supermarkets). In 2001, its turnover reached 719.2 billion tenge (99.5%), whereas in 1991 it was only 35.3%. In Kazakhstan, until 1994 inclusive, there was a decline in sales of goods, the value volumes increased due to the high level of inflation in these years. In subsequent years, the state of the consumer market in the republic is characterized by a fairly high and stable supply of goods, which, to a certain extent, allows maintaining the trend of growth in real volumes of retail turnover. Recently, along with trade in the markets, trade in stores (supermarkets) has also been developing, the population of the republic is increasingly turning to stores (supermarkets) for purchases of goods, which determines the stabilization of their sales by trading organizations, and, accordingly, a higher growth compared to sales goods in the markets (Figure 1).

Indices of retail turnover by sales channel (in%)

Along with the traditional types of enterprises, a network of hypermarkets and supermarkets, minimarkets, cash and carry enterprises, etc., providing a European level of service, began to develop in the republic.

Supermarket "Yuzhny" has been on the Kazakhstan market for about two years. The activities of a supermarket are related to the performance of various functions:

formation of trade assortment;

carrying out transactions with goods;

sale of goods to the end consumer;

service.

The supermarket sells a wide range of food products:

dairy products;

eggs and egg products;

meat products;

fish products;

flavoring goods (tea, coffee, spices, seasonings, low alcohol drinks);

canned vegetables;

grain flour products (cereals, pasta, bread and bakery products);

starch, sugar, confectionery;

edible fats ( vegetable oils, margarine, etc.)

In the external system, the Yuzhny supermarket acts as an intermediary between manufacturers of goods and customers for these products. This can be clearly seen from Figure 2.

Figure 3 Internal organizational structure of the supermarket

At the head of the supermarket is the CEO, who deals mainly with management issues, as well as issues of a strategic nature. He controls the activities of all departments. Also in his competence are the issues of the movement of financial flows.

The procurement department is engaged in the purchase of goods. Its functions also include finding new suppliers with more favorable conditions delivery. This department handles procurement issues for the entire range. The purchase is made on the basis of the administrator's requests, issued by the manager.

The sales department includes a general store manager and an administrator who deal directly with customers.

The accounting department employs a chief accountant, to whom cash desk 1 and cash desk 2 are subordinate.

The chief accountant maintains accounting records, makes a balance sheet, various counter reconciliations, and solves issues that arise in the departments under his control.

Checkout 1 and checkout 2 carry out operations related to the sale of goods through the use of the Luca Supermarket program and bar coding of goods.

The economic security department includes: the head of security, who is responsible for the security of the facility and the access system; application administrator, whose duty is to maintain information security and ensure the functionality of the computing complex.

All employees involved in data processing can be roughly divided into four categories:

the system administrator, sets the parameters of the system software, carries out preventive work to ensure the safety of the database, performs the primary diagnostics of problems in the operation of technical means. Uses general-purpose software tools in his work. Interacts with the equipment supplier and the service company.

Level - Network Operating Systems Specialist.

the application developer, using the LUKI tools, develops applications by order of enterprise services, operational documentation for application users. Coordinates his actions with the database administrator.

Level - application software development specialist.

dB administrator, controls the current accounting work, sets accounting periods, receives the necessary reporting. Sets the access rights of ordinary users.

Level - a specialist in automation of the subject area, for which applications have been developed, with appropriate training.

ordinary users use applications created to automate specific areas of work.

Level - preparation in the volume of initial computer literacy courses.

In the Yuzhny supermarket there is a decentralized information processing that operates in the "Request-response" mode. At the same time, there is an increase in the efficiency of data processing, a reduction in paper costs, etc.

Decentralized technology - this technology is focused on dispersed data processing and bringing it closer to the places of origin and consumption of information.

In a decentralized environment, dispersed funds can operate autonomously or in networks. The simplest and most accessible is the autonomous method, in which the user does not depend on anyone, the technical base is a PC.

Benefits:

the possibility of widespread automation of personnel activities due to inexpensive mass computing technology;

reducing the complexity of technology;

delivery of result information in the "Request-response" mode at any time interval and in a regulated mode;

reduction of paper costs;

increasing the efficiency of data processing, user control.

Figure 4 Technological process with a decentralized method of information processing

Luke. Supermarket,

Luke. Supermarket is a solution for automating the work of managers and cashiers of a retail store, which allows you to keep an operational record of goods at cost and discount prices.

Basic operations supported by the system:

Arrival and movement of goods between warehouses and trade sections, write-off, revaluation and re-grading

Implementation in the trading floor, sale to legal entities using any form of payment

Automatic control of the balances of goods in the trading floor for compliance with the specified limit

Trade specifics food products or essential goods is the need to keep records of each item of goods separately. Luca is on the program. The supermarket solves this problem by personalizing the product. Personalization allows you to keep records personally for each copy of the product, taking into account all the features of the product, barcode, product name, write out a warranty card for a specific serial number and other characteristics. Customization for personalization is made on the product card (Appendix A).

Basic operations with goods supported by the system:

· Registration of goods receipt and pricing;

· Inventory;

· Moving between warehouses and trade sections;

· Processing of goods (cutting meat, sorting vegetables, etc.);

· Sale to legal entities;

· Implementation in the trading floor;

· Control of the balances of goods in the trading floor in real time;

· Write-off of goods;

· Automatic formation of volumes of write-off of natural loss of goods;

• reassessment and elimination of re-grading (where there is a possibility of its occurrence);

· Closing shift.

The product identification system is based on bar coding. A product in the system can contain five types of barcodes:

Trading code (13 characters). The code is placed on the packaging of the goods, contains the country of the manufacturer and other details. It is not unique, therefore it cannot be used to personalize the product.

Internal trade code (12 characters). The code is generated in the system automatically when creating a product card. It is widely used in the absence of a product code on the packaging (bakery products). The system allows you to print "stickers" and glue them on the packaging of goods.

Serial number (the number of characters is different for each manufacturer). A unique code that makes it possible to account for the goods individually for each copy (batch).

Internal personal code (12 characters). Used if there is no unique serial number or if it is not possible to scan a barcode. The system allows you to print and stick "stickers" on a copy of the product.

Weight product code (12 characters). Printed by electronic scales on the product label when weighed. The code contains an attribute of a weight item, a short item code in the system, and weight in grams. The use of bar coding gives great advantages to working in the system:

1.in the speed of product identification and customer service

2. accurate accounting, avoiding mis-grading of goods, one of the main scourges of trade.

Figure 5 Structure of the Bow. Supermarket.

From other systems of a similar purpose Luke. Supermarket differs in that both administration and accounting and cashiers work in a single information space (with a common database). Full functionality of accounting and trade operations is available to the client in one system. All results of trade operations are automatically available in the accounting department. No special actions are required to transfer results from trading to accounting. Organizationally, the functions of management, accounting and trade workers are separated. The workplace of each employee grants the right to perform only the specified duties of this employee operations, that is, everyone performs only his own work and sees and can change only those data that he is authorized to change.

If necessary, the trading system can be fully exploited without using the accounting subsystem.

All operations with the goods are carried out in real time, which makes it possible to maintain a truly operational accounting of goods in terms of quantity, cost and discount prices.

Control of the balances of goods in the trading floor is carried out automatically. For each product, you can set an "allowable limit", upon reaching which the manager receives a message about the need to replenish the stock of goods in the trading floor and can promptly issue an invoice for moving goods to shopping room.

The system allows you to set an arbitrary number of prices for a product of this type. For this, the concept of "price category" has been introduced, which allows the manager to make an automatic recalculation of prices depending on the date, time of day and other conditions (holidays, night, etc.).

In addition, a flexible system of discounts can be installed (for the amount of the check, for a specific client, etc.).

When sold on the trading floor, the system allows various forms of payment - cash, bank transfer, credit.

When a shift is closed, the resulting transactions are automatically generated to write off the cost of goods in the accounting department. The system reports contain all the information necessary to analyze the results of the store's work for the day (or any given period) and make decisions on store management.

The main advantages of the Luca program. Supermarket:

· The throughput of cash desks increases - to the mutual pleasure of owners and customers;

· There is no scourge of trade - re-grading;

The operation of the sale of goods is always associated with receipt of proceeds, which does not allow sellers to manipulate prices

· Sales space is saved, - the goods are laid out only in the required assortment and its balance in the trading floor is automatically controlled;

· Every day you can see the full result of the store's work;

· Reduced inventory time;

· Analytical reports provide information for strategic planning purchases.

Chapter 2. Analytical part

2.1 Description of information and technological support of IP

Information support (IO) is a set of a unified system of classification and coding of information, unified documentation systems, schemes of information flows circulating in an organization, a methodology for building databases. This subsystem is designed for the timely presentation of information, management decisions.

The tasks of information support depend on the main functions performed by its structures. Information support should provide IP users with the information necessary to fulfill their professional responsibilities... The system has the ability of distributed storage and processing of information, accumulation of information in data banks at places of use, providing users with automated, authorized access to information, one-time input and multiple, multi-purpose use. An informational relationship is provided both between the tasks solved by each functional subsystem and with external levels.

For incoming documents it is provided:

Registration of incoming documents and their input;

setting incoming documents for control and removing them from control;

obtaining information from the database about incoming documents that meet certain conditions;

viewing information about incoming documents in the modes of individual cards or in the table (list) mode;

printout of information of incoming documents;

tracking the movement of documents within the enterprise (organization).

For outgoing documents the following is provided:

obtaining from the database information about outgoing documents that meet certain conditions;

viewing information about outgoing documents in separate card modes or in table mode;

printout of information on outgoing documents.

Computer accounting Luka includes the "Trading House" (TD) as a separate module.

The program "Luka. Trading House" is intended for keeping records of goods in warehouses, in stores with financially responsible persons. The program consists of the following modules:

· "Luka. Supermarket" - for keeping records in stores.

· "Luka. Central Office" - to consolidate accounting for all local stores.

"Luka. Trading House" docks (transfers data) to the accounting module "Luka. Business"

PA "Luka. Supermarket" is a part of the accounting system in the trading house. The software provides accounting of goods in the store, tracks their arrival and sale, works with retail equipment, a cash register, electronic scales and a barcode scanner.

The goods in the system are accounted for at the discount prices on account 222.

222.1 Entry Price

222.2 Extra charge.

222.3 Goods on consignment.

Income accounts have the analytics "types of income"

Expense accounts have analytics "product card" and "customer"

Profit in product , (expected profit), is the difference between the selling price of the goods and the cost price for goods not sold. Provides a forecast of possible income if all goods are sold at current prices.

Setting up a product filing cabinet.

Organization of the product filing cabinet is the main setting for accounting. The setting allows you to organize the structure of the card index by groups and by subgroups of goods. The setting is made in the "Luka. Central Office" database and is transferred to the "Luka. Supermarket" database at the time of initialization of a new outlet.

The setting contains two checkboxes:

Use product groups

· Use product subgroups.

If the checkboxes are not active, then the product card file is linear, single-level. The system contains two global directories "Product groups" and "Product subgroups". If the checkboxes are active, the structure is as follows YY.XX.NNNNN, where

YY - product group 1-99

XX - a subgroup of goods 1-99

NNNNN - number 1-99999

Groups or subgroups of goods may be missing. The structure of the goods filing cabinet is created once and cannot be changed in the course of work, provided that there is money on account 222.

Product code (up to 9 characters), it is a unique code that identifies the product. The product code can coincide with the address of the product card in the YYXXNNNN card index or be a unique number. Determined by the system setting.

Short product code (up to 5 characters), it is a code used for a weight item when printing barcodes on an electronic scale or for manually entering a code when selling. Whether to use a short code for a product is determined by the system setting.

The product card (Figure 6) is created automatically through the procedure. To create a card, you need to enter a group and a subgroup of an item, as well as an item number. The default item number is automatically assigned the next number in the group and subgroup.

Figure 6 Product card

Group and subgroup, depending on the settings of the product card index, are required parameters.

obligatory requisites:

the product code is assigned automatically according to the system settings, but it can also be entered manually from the keyboard.

short product code, used for goods by weight and for goods on the packaging of which it is impossible to enter a barcode. It is assigned automatically, but you can also enter it manually from the keyboard.

unit

a barcode is entered ready-made from the package, or is generated automatically in the system by prescribing the product code.

vAT rate

The product card has the following optional requisites:

article assigned by the manufacturer and is one of the characteristics of the product.

manufacturer

minimum stock, shows the minimum quantity of goods in the enterprise.

stock rate, shows the standard of a given product at the enterprise.

warranty period - the warranty period for the product in months.

expiration date, for quickly perishable goods.

a kit, a feature that denotes that a product is a "kit" consisting of a number of other products.

a sign of personalization, shows that accounting should be kept for each copy separately. The characteristics of each copy are recorded (numbers, color, defects and other data)

Barcodes

When reading a barcode, the first two digits of the code are analyzed.

If they are equal to 21, it means that the barcode is generated by an electronic scale and the code is displayed as follows:

О1	О2	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	IN 1	IN 2	IN 3	AT 4	AT 5
Weighing sign (21)		Short product code					Product weight in grams

If the first two digits of the barcode are 22, then this is the internal system code, otherwise the barcode is generated by the manufacturer.

The procedure for selling goods

The sales procedure consists of entering the necessary purchase data, printing a fiscal receipt and creating a receipt document (Figure 7) and generating transactions.

Purchase data:

product code - entered into the system in one of three ways, read by a barcode scanner, manually entered a short code, selected from the product card index.

the quantity, by default 1, is entered from the keyboard or, if the goods are by weight, read from the barcode.

the price is read from the product card

the amount is considered

discount applies, if any

vAT is calculated

the amount of money received is entered

change is calculated.

Figure 7 Forming a receipt

Return of goods procedure.

The procedure is identical to the sales procedure, only a return receipt is printed and the goods are received at the store.

The Trading House module is customizable and has its own initialization code. After the initialization of the module, jobs for sales managers and cashiers become available.

Goods are accounted for in separate journals of the trading house. Trading house magazines:

1. Arrival of goods

2. Arrival of goods to a remote point of sale (UTT)

3. Sale of goods

4. Sale of goods in UTT

5. Moving goods to the TD

6. Consumption, damage, write-off

7. Consumption, damage and write-off to UTT.

8. Re-grading

9. Re-grading in UTT.

10. Revaluation of goods in the TD

11. Revaluation of goods in UTT.

12. Arrival of finished products (GP)

13. Retail trade in TD (10 magazines for each cashier)

14. Retail trade in UTT.

15. Applications for the manufacture of GP

16. Applications for services and accepted equipment for repair

17. Warranty service log.

18. Journal of incoming documents from UTT

19. Journal of outgoing documents in UTT

20. Journal of the transfer of documents from the TD to the accounting department (ACC)

All operations related to the goods make it possible to use a barcode scanner to read the goods. In the presence of "personalization" of accounting, the barcode of the serial number is additionally glued to the goods, which makes it possible to take into account each copy of the goods separately. Equipment accepted for repair or transferred to specialized repair organizations, for its safety and accounting, is supplied with an internal serial number.

Upon initialization of the trading house module, the following automated workstations become open and available:

General manager

Manager

Each workplace is configured by the "General Manager" for access to various transactions in the accounting.

Access to logs:

1. Document registration (creation)

2. Document revision

3. Deleting a document

4. Document posting

5. Roll back the document

6. View document

Access to filing cabinets:

1. Card creation

2. Correction of parameters

3. Removing the card.

To assign access codes to each workstation from the "General Manager", the "Access Organization" procedure is launched, which provides access to each workstation of the AP module. The procedure will register a "garter" for all documents and filing cabinets by job indexes, depending on the settings set by the "General Manager".

"Personalization" of the product.

The trading house module makes it possible to take into account each item (batch) of goods separately. If, when entering an item, the card contains the "personalize" flag, then a node is created in the card index with the full code ZZ.YYYYY.XXXXX for each item (batch) of the item, which reflects its characteristics and all operations with it.

Internal Serial Number (BCH)

BCH structure 29XXXXXYYYYY

where 29 is a sign of BCH

YYYYY-unique index depends on the product card (matrix)

XXXXX-node in the card index of copies (parties).

A node is created in the card index, which will store all information on a specific copy (batch) of goods.

BCH is a mandatory attribute of any item (batch) of goods; it can be printed as a barcode on the label. In addition to BCH, a copy (batch) may also have an external serial number, which is applied to the packaging or body of the goods. The external serial number is entered into the system either in the receipt transaction or in a separate procedure.

The system finds the product by serial number (external or internal) and displays all information about it.

From the product card, you can easily go to the instance (batch) node, and from the instance (batch) card, you can go to the product card.

Trading House module. General Provisions

The module contains all operations for working with goods, as well as several jobs (not limited) of retail cashiers.

All documents of the Trading House at the end of the month are transferred to the accounting department for accounting by the accountant. Postings related to the item are posted on account 3 \\ 222 of the third chart of accounts. In the first chart of accounts, only receivables and payables are generated, and transactions for goods are made on transit account 1 \\ 223 "Goods in the trading house", which is synthetic.

Documents submitted to the accounting department for the movement of goods are only quantitatively reflected and sales prices. The cost of goods is formed in the accounting department by special procedures in automatic mode (similar to finished products).

Remote Point of Sale (UTT)

Accounting in UTT includes retail operations in the trading floor and the work of a manager for the receipt, transfer, write-off and sale of goods. A remote outlet can operate either completely independently or as part of a common trading house. When working as part of the TD, information on the movement of goods is transmitted from the UTT to the TD by daily mail.

Card index of goods

The accounting department and the TD module, working in a single database, have a single card index of goods with the code "4."

The card index of goods in UTT has an autonomous coding. When receiving data from UTT, it is necessary to register the correspondence of the product card in the remote card index and in the card index to the central database, according to the UTT index. Such a correspondence is registered once and transmitted to the UTT as "the code in the central database (CDB)". Further movement of goods is reflected in the codes of the Central Database. During the reception of the CDB code, the name of the product card in the remote database is also corrected.

When receiving a "parcel" from UTT, it is checked whether there is a product without a CDB code, and if there is one, it is proposed to either find a match in an existing database or create a new card.

Legal entities file

The accounting department and the TD module, working in a single database, have the same card index of legal entities with the code "50.1."

Legal entities in UTT have autonomous coding. When receiving data from UTT, the presence of the CDB code is checked and, if it is absent, a legal entity is searched for by TIN, if such a legal entity is not found, then a new card is created and its code is transferred to the autonomous database as a CDB code (Figure 8).

Figure 8 Legal entity card

Moving goods to TD and UTT

Operations for the movement of goods within the TD or UTT are not transferred to the accounting department and are reflected in the accounting of only managers. In accounting, all TD goods are tied to only one warehouse configured for the trading house.

In TD, goods under UTT are reflected only one by one remote warehouse, without division into internal warehouses in a remote base.

Moving goods between TD and UTT

The goods can be transferred from TD to UTT and from UTT to TD. For this, a package is created that will help automate the arrival of goods in the UTT. The goods are transmitted in UTT codes, which is recorded according to the UTT indices on the product card. If there is no transferred item in UTT, then the input procedure in UTT will offer to choose a correspondence between the item in the CDB and UTT, or create a new card. The confirmation parcel will write the new product code into the CDB.

Moving goods between UTT

The goods can be transferred from UTT to UTT. For this, a package is formed in the UTT, which will help automate the process of goods arrival. Such parcels are not reflected in the TD, but get there through the daily transfer of business transactions.

Application for the manufacture of finished products (GP)

The TD manager accepts an order for the manufacture of GP with the specified parameters. The order is registered in the corresponding journal. Each GP consists of a group of component materials. Groups of component materials are stored in a separate filing cabinet and contain a node in the inventory of inventory holdings, in which you need to select a specific material that suits the customer.

The manager prints the order and hands it over to the manager responsible for the goods. The order makes it possible to issue an invoice for the movement of goods for transfer to SOE manufacturers. When personalizing a product, the barcode of each item of component products is read, which will allow you to have a complete picture of the movement of goods Based on the order, the manufacturers of GPs issue an act of issue of GP.

When selling GP assembled by order, a warranty card is issued. Warranty cards are registered in the journal and are an accumulative register to reflect all actions for the repair and replacement of goods.

Service request

The TD manager accepts the request for services and reflects the equipment accepted for repair. The request reflects the name of the client, ordered services, urgency and other attributes. The manager sticks a label with ВСН 2999999ХХХХХ on the received equipment.

Where 29 is the BCH code

99999 - received equipment node code.

ХХХХХ - code of specific equipment.

Prints a request for services and transfers it to the contractor.

The executor reflects in the application the date of execution, the name of the executor. Prints the certificate of completion and accompanying documents. (a receipt for the equipment). Upon request, an invoice is printed and handed over to the client.

The executed orders are moved to the journal of fulfilled obligations.

Basic operations with goods in the TD

Arrival of goods

The operation of the receipt of goods (Figure 9) in the trading house differs from the receipt in accounting.

The main differences are:

1. Posting on goods D1 \\ 223 - K1 \\ 671, where 1 \\ 223 is a transit account for the balance sheet in accounting.

2. There are no taxes from a non-resident and income tax at the source of payment.

3. There is no data on invoices and VAT declaration items

4. The acquisition costs are entered as a single amount and no postings are posted to the first chart of accounts. The cost price is reflected only in the 3rd plan

5. The interface is simplified.

6. Posting D3 \\ 222.1 - K999 at cost (plus costs)

7. Posting D3 \\ 222.2 - K 3 \\ 700 for the expected profit (book price - cost price)

8. Some of the fields remain informative to facilitate the work of the accountant when conducting.

9. The "Personalization" tab appears, which makes it possible to enter data for each item of the product. In the table on this tab, the rows of product instances appear for all products that have the "personalize" flag in their settings. BCH is assigned automatically, and an external serial number can be entered by a barcode scanner.

Upon admission to the accounting department, postings are made:

1.D1 \\ 222 - K1 \\ 223 for the amount of the cost of goods

2. Д1 \\ 222 - К1 \\ 207 for the amount of expenses upon acquisition

Figure 9 Arrival of goods

Sale of goods in retail trade (sales area)

Postings:

1.D3 \\ 451. X - K3 \\ 222.1 for the cost price

2.D3 \\ 451. X - K3 \\ 701.2 for the amount of real mark-up

3. D3 \\ 451. X - K3 \\ 701.3 for the amount of VAT

4. D3 \\ 700. X - K3 \\ 222.2 for the amount of expected profit

Where X - subaccount is equal to the cashier's workplace number. The introduction of subaccounts on 3/451 accounts allows you to take into account the revenue for each cashier.

Sales of legal entities' goods

Revaluation of goods

Revaluation of goods allows you to change the accounting amount of the goods and more realistically estimate the value of the remaining goods and the profit in the goods. The procedure allows you to change the accounting price without affecting the cost of goods.

Revaluation of goods can also calculate and change sales prices according to specified algorithms.

Night sale mode

Night sales mode allows you to automatically enter a markup on an item (or other selling price) depending on the time of day.

Chapter 3. Design part. Software module development

3.1 The economic essence of the projected economic problem

In the course work, the subsystem "test work" is considered, in connection with the improvement of the current Luke program. Supermarket.

In the subsystem "control work" the following sets of tasks are solved:

development of the "Price List" software module to facilitate the work of supermarket personnel;

offering discount systems as the main link to increase sales and, accordingly, profits in the supermarket;

analysis of results.

Development of a software module to facilitate the work of supermarket staff.

In this complex of tasks, the following tasks are solved:

analysis of the current data processing system. This task identifies the main ways to improve the current program. Based on this analysis, a software module is being developed.

development of the "Price List" software module. The input information for this task is the item being sold with its price.

Offering discount systems as the main link in increasing sales and, accordingly, profits in the supermarket.

Discount systems are used to purchase goods with a certain discount set by the supermarket. This set of tasks includes the following tasks:

analysis of discount plastic cards;

consideration of the system of discounts used in supermarkets;

the main advantages of discount plastic cards for both the supermarket and the consumer;

development of a layout of a discount plastic card for the Yuzhny supermarket and an analysis of the costs of its production.

Analysis of the results.

The most important and laborious task of the "control work" subsystem is the analysis of the results.

In the automated supermarket "Yuzhny", which sells goods using barcodes, there is often a problem that slows down the sales process. This is due to the fact that there is no barcode on the product in a prepackaged supermarket for some reason. The cashier is forced to find out the price of the goods from the security system and interrupt them from work.

Therefore, the development of the "Price List" software module will greatly facilitate and simplify the work of the cashier.

The use of discount plastic cards in the Yuzhny supermarket allows solving such problems as:

attraction of new clients;

increase in sales;

marketing research;

improving the image in the eyes of customers and competitors;

3.2 IC software

The program runs on the Windows XP platform. To access the data, the Btrieve DBMS of version 6.15 or higher is used. Versions of this DBMS can be used for a workstation, for a NetWare server or a Windows XP server.

Btrieve is supplied as DLL modules for Windows and NLM for NetWare. Once Btrieve is installed, the local and network databases are accessed without any additional configuration. Luka Supermarket works in the same way both in local and network modes.

In online mode, you can open the same database from multiple workstations. The maximum number of such workstations is limited by the Btrieve and server parameters. In this mode, DBMS Btrieve runs on the server as an NLM module for NetWare or as a service in Windows NT. The Btrieve DBMS operates in this mode according to the client / server scheme. All work on writing and reading data from database files takes place on the server. Workstations access this data by sending queries to the Btrieve DBMS.

Btrieve uses an internal cache to speed up data access. Before data is transferred to the program or written to the database, it is always written to the cache. This speeds up read and write operations by offloading the disk system. The maximum speed of working with data is achieved when the cache size is equal to the size of the database, since all data is in memory and there is no need to access the disk to access it. When writing, data is placed in the cache and flushed to disk in the following cases: when the cache is insufficient, when a transaction ends, when a file is closed, or when reliable operation is enabled.

At any given time, work is carried out with one of the databases, called the current database. The database should be stored in a separate directory, the name of which determines the database.

The DBMS supports work with the following information objects:

data dictionary;

file cabinets;

processing procedures;

charts of accounts;

account log;

directory of currencies;

reference units of measurement;

document journals.

The data dictionary contains the description of the database fields. Data values \u200b\u200bare stored in card index cards. The data in the cards is processed using processing procedures. The processing procedures select and process the database data according to the algorithm described by the design scheme, present them in a user-friendly form using the input-output form, and generate reports on them, described by the report scheme.

The problematic focus on accounting is realized thanks to the presence of such objects as a chart of accounts, a journal of accounting records, a currency directory and a reference of units of measurement at the system level, i.e., objects to which effective special access is provided.

Chart of accounts is a scheme for registering and grouping the facts of economic activity in accounting and is intended for synthetic accounting. Associated with each account is a set of accounting ledgers whose values \u200b\u200bcorrespond to the opening and closing balances, as well as the debit and credit turnover for the debit and credit sides of the account.

Analytical accounting is organized using filing cabinets and subsidiary charts of accounts. Analytical accounts - cards correspond to real accounting objects. Cards, like accounts, contain accounting registers and can contain an arbitrary set of data.

Business acts are recorded in the main journal in the form of linear and / or chess records. The journal entries contain information on the correspondence of accounts and monetary amounts of transactions, links to supporting documents and, if necessary, quantitative (natural) and / or labor characteristics and links to analytical accounting cards (more than one card for each account). After posting the accounts (posting business transactions), the amounts fixed in the records are added to the accounting registers on the chart of accounts and in filing cabinets.

When entering accounts in the journal, the reference units of measurement and reference of exchange rates are used.

A reference book of units of measurement allows you to translate the quantitative characteristics of accounting objects from one system of units of measurement to another.

Directory of currencies allows you to keep simultaneous accounting in different currencies and automate the calculation of exchange rate differences.

Currency - the monetary unit in which the accounting is kept. The currency is substituted from the directory of currencies.

The reference book of currencies is intended for accounting of exchange rates for different periods. Every time when trades take place, the rate is fixed in the reference book for the current date for each currency that must be taken into account. Thus, the entire history of changes in exchange rates is stored in this directory. Up to three different rates of one currency can be recorded for each date.

The history available in the reference book allows you to organize automatic accounting of exchange rate differences for any currency transactions and other calculations.

The dictionary, filing cabinets, classifier of procedures, chart of accounts, reference units of measurement and classifier of documents have a tree-like (hierarchical) structure.

Each chart of accounts can have its own base currency and its own base (minimum) accounting period (at least one day). This makes it possible to create multidimensional multicurrency accounting systems.

A chart of accounts is a tree structure, the nodes of which are accounts.

There can be several charts of accounts in one database. One of them should be the main one, the one on which the accounting is kept in the main currency.

Each chart of accounts has the following characteristics (Figure 10):

name;

base period;

code length;

comment.

Figure 10 Chart of accounts

The chart of accounts can be one of two types:

balance. For such a chart of accounts, the balance sheet currency (balance sheet total) is the same for assets and liabilities. To change the registers of the balance sheet chart of accounts, two-way postings are used.

off-balance sheet. The balance sheet currency may not be the same in terms of assets and liabilities.

The list of all charts of accounts in the database consists of five columns: status, code, type, name and current period. The current chart of accounts is marked with an icon in the status column. If a plus + is shown in the type column, then the type of chart of accounts is balance sheet. If the column shows a minus -, then the type of the chart of accounts is off-balance sheet.

Base period - the period during which the turnovers on the accounts are accumulated. You can select a day, month, quarter, half year, or year as the base period.

Data processing procedures are database objects. Each procedure can contain three sections:

design scheme through which the data is selected and processed;

input-output form , with the help of which the data selected in the calculation scheme are displayed on the screen in a user-friendly form;

report outline , with the help of which reports are prepared on the data selected by the design model or selected using the report schema.

A procedure can contain only a calculation schema, or only a report schema, or both. I / O form cannot exist on its own. The calculation scheme describes the information processing algorithm: what data is read from the database, what data is entered or edited from the keyboard, how the data is processed.

After the text of the calculation scheme has been created, you can perform the processing procedure. Before performing the operation, the program will check if an input-output window (form, form) has been created. If the I / O window has not been created, the system will automatically generate a window containing a table of values \u200b\u200bof all variables of the design model. I / O window is a dialog box that the user constructs himself.

The report schema describes the algorithm for outputting information to the report. Reports can be viewed on screen, saved to a file, and output to a printer. Typically, the report schema interacts with the calculation schema, although the processing procedure may have a report schema and not have a calculation schema.

There are the following types of tables in the report:

calculation scheme table;

transaction header table;

one-way transactions table;

double-sided transactions table;

table of accounts;

table of cards;

index table;

period table;

group table.

At the end of the shift, the system automatically generates postings to write off the cost of goods to receive a batch of reports.

The reports (Figure 11) contain all the information necessary to analyze the work of the store for a shift or any given period.

Figure 11 Product reports

The editor has great capabilities, in particular, font design, preparation of headers and footers, table of contents, footnotes, control of paragraphs; allows preparing complex documents in it. Texts from Microsoft Word as a letter, contract, help, announcements, congratulations, business cards, tables, diagrams.

In Excel, using presentation graphics and a calculation module, you can get charts different types... The functionality of the program's diagram module is in many ways superior to the corresponding characteristics of special programs for creating business graphics.

3.3 Hardware

A personal computer Pentium-100 / 32RAM / 1.2GHDD or more powerful is used for single-user operation.

For normal operation of Luka Supermarket in the network version, the following equipment is used:

file server - Pentium-300 / 64Mb RAM / 3.2Gb HDD. Improving any of the above characteristics will result in increased performance. The processor clock speed is less important in this case. The greatest impact on system performance is in the order they are listed: the amount of RAM, the speed of the disk subsystem, the bandwidth of the network card. It is better if a specialized server is used;

continuous power supply - to ensure the safety of data on the file server in case of unstable power supply. For example, TrippLite's OmniSmart 1000;

workstation - an accountant's work computer. Pentium-100 / 32RAM / 1.2GHDD computer;

network adapter - a device that is required to connect all computers to a network. Installed in every workstation and file server. Any Ethernet adapters (preferably 3C509 from 3COM) can be used as network adapters.

It is also recommended to ensure that there is always at least 50 MB of free space on the hard disk of the server where the database is located. Otherwise, there will be some slowdown in I / O operations.

Cashiers' workplaces are equipped with POS terminals consisting of:

· Personal Computer

Fiscal registrar (KKM "AMS-100F" as a fiscal printer or SHTRIH-FR)

Stationary or \\ and manual barcode scanner for product identification

Uninterruptible power supply device

Figure 12 Scale with CAS LP label printing

Table 1 Parameters of scales with LP-15 label printing

LP-15
Max weight (kg)	15
Discreteness (g)	5
Front end	RS 232C
Number of memory cells	600 (54 direct access)
Measurement type	Strain gauge
Print type	Thermal printing
Operating temperature range (С)	- 5 C - + 35 C
Overall dimensions, mm.)	410 x 430 x 197
Platform dimensions (mm)	247 x 384 x 15
Weight, kg)	13
Power consumption (W)	140
Supply voltage (V / Hz.)	220/50
Dimensions of labels, mm	30, 40, 60 x 58

Data collection terminals are used for inventory. There is a laser and dot matrix printer.

Enterprise network structure:

- sockets for access to the local network are installed at all workplaces.

- local network of the enterprise - of the "bus" type.

3.4 Ergonomics

System security.

Electrical safety - a system of organizational and technical measures and means to protect people from harmful and hazardous impact electric current, electric arc and static electricity. Unlike other sources of danger, electric current cannot be detected without special equipment and devices, so its impact on a person is most often unexpected.

Electric current passing through the human body has a thermal, electrolytic and biological effect. As a result of thermal exposure, the body warms up, and burns of body parts occur, as a result of electrolytic exposure, blood and other organic fluids in the body decompose.

The biological effect is manifested in the excitation and irritation of tissues and involuntary convulsive muscle contraction.

The value of the strength of the current passing through the human body depends on the voltage under which the person is and on the resistance of the part of the body to which this voltage is applied. Considering that most lesions occur at voltages of 127, 220 and 380 V, and skin breakdown begins at a voltage of 40-50 V, 42 V, 110 V for direct current has been chosen as a safe AC voltage in our country.

The main causes of electrical injury are:

· Accidental contact with live parts, as a result of work near or on these parts; malfunction of protective equipment with which the victim touched live parts; erroneous acceptance of energized equipment as disconnected;

· Unexpected occurrence of voltage due to insulation damage where it should not be under normal conditions; contact of conductive equipment with a live wire; phase closure to ground and the like;

· The appearance of voltage on live parts of the equipment as a result of erroneous switching on when work is performed on it; short circuit between disconnected and live wires; induction of voltage from neighboring operating installations and so on.

The complex is supposed to be operated on a personal computer. The source of the supply voltage is a 220 V AC network.

In order to prevent electric shock, you must:

· Clearly and in full comply with the rules for the production of work and the rules of technical operation;

· Exclude the possibility of user access to parts of the equipment operating under hazardous voltage, uninsulated parts designed for operation at low voltage and not connected to protective earth;

· Use insulation that serves to protect against electric shock, made with the use of solid solid or multi-layer insulating material, the thickness of which is determined by the type of protection provided;

· To supply power to the PC from the socket of the building using a special plug with a grounding contact;

· Protect against overcurrent, relying on the power consumed from the network; as well as to protect the equipment built into the building network from short circuits;

· Reliably connect to the earthing clamps metal parts accessible to the user, which, as a result of damage to the insulation, may be under dangerous voltage;

· Check that the protective earth conductor is free of switches and fuses, and that it is reliably insulated.

Requirements for noise and vibration levels. The question arises about the effect of interference on the user and the characteristics of his "noise immunity". Interference can vary in terms of user impact. Some of them are permanent and operate throughout the working day, others are random.

The main sources of acoustic noise in the company's working rooms are PC noise. Computers are also sources of electromagnetic noise (vibrations of elements of electromechanical devices under the influence of alternating magnetic fields). In addition, in these rooms, structure-borne noise occurs, that is, the noise emitted by the surfaces of vibrating structures of walls, floors, partitions of a building in the audio frequency range.

Systematic noise can cause hearing fatigue and impairment of sound perception, as well as significant fatigue of the entire body. However, not all noise is harmful. So, the usual not pronounced noises accompanying labor processcan positively influence the course of work; unsharp noises, characterized by the frequency of sounds, for example, music, due to their rhythm, not only do not distract from work, but also cause positive emotions, contribute to an increase in labor efficiency.

To eliminate or mitigate unfavorable noise effects, it is advisable to isolate work premises, placing them in the parts of the building farthest from city noise - located in the back of the building, facing the courtyard, etc. Noise is also attenuated by sound-absorbing green spaces.

Continuous noise characteristics - sound pressure levels in decibels in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies in hertz are given in Table 10.

Table 10

Sound pressure levels in octave bands

Level, dB	63	152	250	500	1000	2000	4000	8000
frequency Hz	71	61	54	49	45	42	40	38

The permissible noise level for mental work requiring concentration is 50 dB. To reduce noise and vibration in the room, equipment, apparatus and devices are installed on special foundations and shock-absorbing pads. If the walls and ceilings of the room are sources of noise, they must be lined with sound-absorbing material.

Dust and harmful chemicals. The air in the premises is contaminated with dust generated during the processing of metal, plastics, wood and other materials, gases emitted during the operation of equipment, improper operation of heating units, with some technological processes and chemical reactions, vapors of various substances. The air environment is polluted by both toxic and non-toxic substances. Poisonous (toxic) substances disrupt the normal functioning of the body and can lead to temporary or chronic pathological changes.

However, non-toxic substances with prolonged exposure, especially at high concentrations, can cause various diseases, for example, skin or internal diseases. The degree and nature of disturbances in the normal functioning of the body caused by harmful chemicals, depends on the way it enters the body, dose, exposure time, concentration of the substance, solubility, state of the human body, atmospheric pressure, temperature, and, of course, on the composition of the pollution. One of the manifestations of exposure to harmful substances is poisoning.

Poisoning can occur suddenly when a large amount of harmful substances enter the body. Such poisoning is called acute and is investigated as an occupational injury. There is another type of poisoning - professional, which develops over a long time.

Microclimate. The most significant factor in labor productivity and safety is the industrial microclimate, which is characterized by the temperature and humidity of the air, the speed of its movement, as well as the intensity of radiation (Table 11).

Table 11

Requirements for microclimate parameters in the production area

Research has shown that high temperatures combined with high humidity have a large impact on the user's performance. Under such conditions, the time of sensorimotor reactions sharply increases, coordination of movements is impaired, and the number of errors increases.

High temperature has a negative effect on a number of human psychological functions. The volume of memorized information decreases, the ability to associate sharply decreases, the course of associative and counting operations worsens, attention decreases.

Relative humidity in the range of 40 - 60% has little effect on the human condition. At a humidity of 99 - 100%, the regulating mechanism of perspiration is practically turned off and overheating occurs quickly.

To maintain the required temperature and humidity working room equipped with heating and air conditioning systems that provide constant and uniform heating, circulation, and air purification from dust and harmful substances.

In the premises, assuming the operation of the system, the requirements for the microclimate parameters are generally met.

Environmental friendliness of the system. The main harmful effects on nature for this course work are various radiation. In the room where the system is supposed to be operated, the main source of electromagnetic, ionizing and laser radiation, electrostatic and magnetic fields is a PC, or rather, its monitor - a device for visual presentation of information stored in the computer memory. Liquid crystal displays used as monitors do not give harmful radiation, therefore, we will consider only the radiation of monitors based on electron-beam ttengeok. Such monitors emit several types of electromagnetic radiation in certain ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. The actual intensity of each range, frequency and other parameters depend on the technical implementation of a particular monitor, the presence of shielding and other factors.

Potential electromagnetic emissions and fields:

· X-ray radiation - occurs inside the electron-beam ttengeka, when the accelerated electrons are decelerated by the screen material;

· Optical types of radiation - arise from the interaction of electrons and the phosphor of the screen;

· High-frequency electromagnetic fields - associated with the frequency of formation of image elements, as well as with the intensity of the electron beam;

· Low-frequency electromagnetic fields - arise in connection with the acceleration potential and the conductivity of the screen surface;

The conditions for using the electron beam ttengeki include external illumination and observation distance. Ambient illumination is divided into three levels:

Low (10 - 50 lux);

Medium (500 - 1000 lux);

· High (more than 10,000 lux).

If the illumination exceeds 30,000 lux, then measures are needed to reduce it.

The source of X-rays inside the monitor is the inner fluorescent surface of the screen. An insignificant X-ray radiation is recorded only at a distance of several millimeters from the surface of the screen, while at a distance of 30 - 40 cm from the screen, X-ray radiation is not recorded.

To protect against the harmful effects of radiation, it is possible to use grounded protective screens, which significantly reduce their intensity. In addition, it is recommended to use monitors that meet the MPR II specification developed by the Swedish National Council for Measurement and Testing (shading standard is indicated, since most of the operated and purchased computers are not produced in Kazakhstan). The specification defines the level of electromagnetic radiation of monitors for two frequency bands: 5 Hz - 2 kHz and 2 - 400 kHz. The electric field strength in the lower band should not exceed 25 V / m, in the upper one - 2.5 V / m, respectively, the magnetic field strength is 250 and 2.5 nT

Chapter 4. Economic efficiency of EIS

4.1 Rationale for utility

The economic assessment of the efficiency of information systems is closely related to the determination of the sources of economic efficiency. The sources of economic efficiency are understood as real opportunities to improve the production, economic and financial activities of an enterprise, to increase production efficiency by improving the management system. Sources of IP efficiency are potential production reserves at the enterprise and lost opportunities.

When determining the efficiency of IS, the following areas of increasing production efficiency that are quantifiable are taken into account:

Increase in output due to more rational use of production and labor resources, optimization production program enterprises;

· Increase in labor productivity of production workers due to reduction of losses of working time and downtime of production equipment;

· Establishment of the optimal level of stocks of material resources and volumes of work in progress;

· Improving the quality of products (reducing scrap, increasing the grade) and savings received by consumers;

· Reduction of production costs due to possible reduction of administrative and managerial personnel, optimization of technical and economic and operational scheduling, improvement of operational regulation of production, savings of conditionally fixed costs.

The use of the listed sources of economic efficiency of production management automation is aimed at reducing the cost of information processing.

However, the methods that determine the economic efficiency of information systems do not meet the requirements of modern production and the conditions of a market economy. In this regard, it becomes necessary to create a methodology for the economic assessment of IT implementation. Obviously, it is impossible to create a single methodology that would be suitable for evaluating any IT implementation project.

There is a known issue with the uncountable aspects of many projects. Some take a formal approach to quantifying the effectiveness of all new hardware and software, so what they are really interested in is the correct way to determine those infinitesimal intangible benefits of information technology that will justify the amount of funding.

The material benefits from the introduction of a new personnel management module are to reduce the time for processing information, and as a result, to reduce its cost.

Qualitative benefits — those that are difficult to quantify in dollars — will be more accurate governance and improved information reliability.

When assessing the economic efficiency of the information system, quantitative indicators became decisive, i.e. the cost of the system, capital costs and the annual economic effect, since quality indicators can only be identified directly during the operation of the information system.

The basis for calculating the annual economic effect is a methodology that provides for a comparison of the reduced costs for the basic and implemented options.

4.2 Assessment of the economic efficiency of the applied IP and calculation of the price

The effect indicator determines all the positive results achieved with the use of IP. The economic effect from the use of IP for the billing period T is determined by the formula, tg:

E T \u003d P T - W T, where

Р Т - cost estimate of the results of using IS during the period T, tg .;

З Т - cost estimate of costs for creation and maintenance of IS, tg. (we use З к).

The cost estimate of the results of using IS for the billing period T is determined by the formula:

P T \u003d å P t ´a t, where

T - billing period;

Р t - cost estimate of the results of the year t of the accounting period, tenge .;

a t is a discount function that is introduced to bring all costs and benefits to one point in time.

The discount function is:

a t \u003d 1 / (1 + p) t, where

p is the discount coefficient (p \u003d E n \u003d 0.2, E n is the standard coefficient of efficiency of capital investments).

In this way,

P T \u003d å P t / 1.2 t

In this situation, IP replaces manual labor, therefore, the set of useful results does not change.

As an assessment of the results of the use of IP per year, the difference (savings) in costs arising from the use of IP is taken, i.e. P t \u003d E at.

Savings from replacing manual information processing with automated is formed as a result of reducing the cost of information processing and is determined by the formula, tenge .:

E y \u003d Z p - Z a, where

З р - costs for manual information processing, tenge .;

З а - costs for automated information processing, tenge.

The cost of manual processing of information is determined by the formula:

Z p \u003d O and ´ C ´ G d / H in, where

About and - the amount of information processed manually, MB; C - cost of one hour of work, tenge / hour; Г д - coefficient taking into account the additional time spent on logical operations during manual processing of information; Н в - production rate, MB / hour.

For this IS: O and \u003d 15 MB (the total size of the processed data entered for registration for the year with the subsequent calculation of statistics),

C \u003d 16500 / 22/8 "93.75 tenge. / Hour,

Г д \u003d 3.5 (established experimentally), Н в \u003d 0.006 MB / hour. Consequently, the costs for manual processing of information will be equal to:

З р \u003d 15 ´ 93.75 ´ 3.5 / 0.006 \u003d 820312.5 tenge.

The costs of automated information processing are calculated using the following formula:

Z a \u003d t a ´ Ts m + t o ´ (Ts m + Ts o), where

t a - time of automatic processing, h;

Ts m - cost of one hour of machine time, tenge / hour;

t about - operator's work time, h;

Ts about - the cost of one hour of the operator's work, tenge / hour.

For a given IP:

t a \u003d 364 hours, C m \u003d 16 tenge., t o \u003d 7 hours, C o \u003d 6250 / 22/8 "35.51 tenge.

(To enter data by the operator into the system, you will need: (420 cases) (1 minute of registration of 1 case) \u003d 420 minutes \u003d 7 hours; For automatic processing of the entered data, if you receive 420 references per week (the time for receiving one certificate is 1 minute), you will need 21840 min \u003d 364 hours per year)

Consequently, the costs of automated information processing will be equal to:

З а \u003d 364 ´ 16 + 7 ´ (16 + 35.51) \u003d 6184.57 tenge

Thus, the annual savings from the introduction of IP is equal to:

E y \u003d 820312.5 - 6184.57 \u003d 814127.93 tenge

The economic effect from the use of IP for the year is determined by the formula, tenge:

E g \u003d E y - E n ´ Z k., E g \u003d 814127.93 - 0.2 ´ 813315.36 "651464.86

Development efficiency can be estimated by the formula:

E p \u003d E g ´ 0.4 / З к.

E p \u003d 651464.86 ´ 0.4 / 813315.36 "0.32

Since E p\u003e 0.20, our development is economically feasible.

Price calculation. As noted earlier, this IS is not intended to enter the open market for software products. Nevertheless, the determination of the IP contractual price is necessary in the event of the possibility of selling an automated system.

The price of software products is formed on the basis of the economically justified (standard) cost of production and profit, tenge:

C pp \u003d C + P n + N e, where

С - the cost of IP, tenge (we use З к);

P n - standard profit, tenge;

N e - a premium to the price, tenge, if the annual economic effect from the use of IP is more than 10 thousand tenge (taken as a% of the normative profit).

The standard profit is defined as:

P n \u003d U p ´ F zp, where

У п - the level of profit in% to the wages fund of IS developers; Ф Зп - wages fund of IS developers, tenge. The profit level is calculated using the formula:

Y n \u003d P yn + P n, where

R up - the estimated level of profit (profitability standard) included in the price for development (approximately 90 ¸ 100% to Ф Зп);

R p - proposals of developers to increase R cp based on the analysis of the effectiveness of the created IS, its scientific and technical level, importance, etc .; As indicators of the increase in R cp, the proposals of the developers or the customer can be taken to increase the level of basic requirements: specific characteristics, technical specifications, reduction in the time of work, etc.

Let's take P pack \u003d 90%, P p \u003d 5% to F zp. Then the profit level will be:

Y n \u003d 0.9 + 0.05 \u003d 0.95

Let's define the standard profit:

P n \u003d 0.95 ´ 487472.4 "463098.78.

Since the annual economic effect from the use of IP, the premium to the price for efficiency is taken as 20% of the standard profit:

H e \u003d 0.2 ´ 463098.78 "92,619.76 tenge.

Thus, the contractual of this IP will be:

C pp \u003d 813315.36 + 463098.78 + 92.619.76 \u003d 1369033.9 tenge.

In the event that IP replication (n copies) is carried out, the contractual price of each printed copy will be:

C tk \u003d C pp / n \u003d 1369033.9 / n tenge.

Development costs, obtained by the calculation method, amount to 813,315.36 tenge.

The contractual price for the PMIS, formed on the basis of the standard cost of IP production and profit, is 998694.9 tenge.

Development efficiency is approximately 0.32, i.e. the developer will cover his expenses for the creation of an automated system for about a year and then start making a profit.

Thus, the customer must approve the costs of creating our automated system, since as a result of the analysis it has been established that the implementation of the development is justified and economically feasible.

Conclusion

The foundation of a prosperous and dynamically developing society can only be a modern, competitive and open market economy, not limited by the raw materials sector only. It is an economy based on the respect and protection of the institution of private property and contractual relations, the initiative and enterprise of all members of society. The process of formation of market infrastructure carried out during the years of reforms in Kazakhstan was especially active in the consumer market and was characterized by a high level of competition and business activity. The modern consumer market of the republic is distinguished by a relatively high saturation and a wide range of goods. The dynamics of the sale of goods and services is gradually becoming more and more stable. In the current law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the regulation of trading activities" dated April 12, 2005, paragraph 2 discusses the procedure for retail trade.

Retail trade is the most important branch of economic activity. The main indicator of the work of trade enterprises is retail turnover... Retail trade is the sale of goods directly to the population for personal consumption.

The use of computer technology in the sale of goods allows you to abandon the maintenance of warehouse accounting cards, keep records of the shipment of goods, operational control over the implementation of supply contracts, profits.

The main goal of the current stage of economic transformations carried out in trade is to create favorable conditions for the efficient operation of retail trade enterprises.

Today, self-service retail stores or supermarkets are used by people from all walks of life, especially for FMCG and some pre-selection items. The client completes the transaction by going to the checkout and paying for the purchase. It is at this stage that the operation of a supermarket is impossible without a well-functioning and efficient retail automation system. This is due, at a minimum, to the presence of a bar coding system that must be integrated into the retail automation system.

Multi-user program Luke. Supermarket, The developer of which is PLYUSMIKRO LLP, is designed to automate the work of retail store personnel using bar coding of goods.

Efficiency of work is achieved by using a single database server for managers' workplaces and POS and reflecting all transactions in real time in the accounting, wide use of bar coding technology, both for piece and weight goods.

For document management in the supermarket, the Microsoft Office software package (Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel) is used. The MS Office software package is most suitable for organizing work in any structure, be it a large company or a small private enterprise, it combines the best tools for management, office work, finance, and accounting of an enterprise. Microsoft Word is one of the most advanced text editors available today. The editor has great capabilities, in particular, font design, preparation of headers and footers, table of contents, footnotes, control of paragraphs; allows preparing complex documents in it. Texts from Microsoft Word as a letter, contract, help, announcements, congratulations, business cards, tables, diagrams.

Microsoft Excel is a program with a very wide range of functions and is very simple and reliable to use. The basis of the program is a calculating (computing) module, with the help of which data (text or numerical) is processed in tables. In Excel, using presentation graphics and a calculation module, you can get charts of various types. The functionality of the program's diagram module is in many ways superior to the corresponding characteristics of special programs for creating business graphics.

Access to external databases is implemented with the help of the database module in Excel. The widespread use of spreadsheet programs is largely due to the universal possibilities of their application, since calculations, in the broadest sense of the word, cannot be dispensed with in the most diverse areas of our life. Excel can be used both for solving simple accounting tasks and for drawing up various forms, business graphics, and even a complete balance sheet.

Employees use Microsoft Excel to create tables, make calculations in these tables, make visual graphs and diagrams.

Bar coding is also used to identify the weight goods. Printing a barcode indicating the code, weight and value of the goods is ensured by using LP-15 scales (manufactured by CAS, South Korea) or compatible. The system provides loading of electronic scales with a list of weight goods with codes and prices from the database.

Electronic scales CAS LP with label printing are intended for shops, manufacturing and packaging companies.

The balance prints the name of the product, barcode, date of packaging, expiration date, price per kg, cost of packaging, address of the company. Depending on the size of the label used, it is possible to add additional recipe information, messages, etc. The large keyboard provides quick access to 54 frequently used titles. The balance can store 600 items in memory. To account for goods, it is envisaged to sum up the results of the sale by various goods and all together. Simple programming of all information, docking with a computer and combining several scales into a network is possible. To account for the goods, it is envisaged to sum up the sales results for various goods and for all together. Electronic scales with label printing are a necessary and convenient tool for applying the necessary information to your products and the final stage in any production process

When creating complex automated control systems, systems design is increasingly being practiced, in the early stages of which issues of ergonomic support are raised, which conceals large reserves of increasing the efficiency and reliability of the entire system. This is due to the comprehensive consideration of the human factor in the design process. The main task of ergonomic support is to optimize the interaction between man and machine, not only during the operation of man-machine systems, but also during the manufacture and even disposal of technical components. This is achieved as a result of the implementation and implementation of a complex of interrelated in meaning, logic and sequence of ergonomic procedures and activities carried out during the development of the man-machine system and during its operation.

The variety of modern information technologies requires clarification and adjustment of the method of economic efficiency for each specific project. For example, for the economic assessment of the implementation of a communication system, the sources of efficiency are the reduction of costs for organizing the exchange of information, an increase in the speed of information transfer, and an increase in controllability. information resources... To assess the effectiveness of the implementation of automated document management systems - reducing the labor intensity and cost of preparation, processing and use of documents. The difficulty lies in choosing the right sources of efficiency. Depending on the complexity of the systems, there may be dozens of them.

To assess the economic efficiency of information technology, traditional methods of calculating the return on investment are not enough. A technique is required that can demonstrate its full impact.

1. Nazarbayev N.A .: Kazakhstan is on the verge of a new leap forward in its development // Message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the people of Kazakhstan 1.03.2006 - "Kazakhstanskaya Pravda" dated March 2, 2006 No. 45-46.

2. Andreeva V.I. Office work - M. "Business School" Intel-Sintez "", 1997.

3. Robertson D.S. Information revolution // Information revolution: science, economics, technology: Abstract collection. // INION RAN. M., 1993, pp. 17-26.

4.S.M. Digo. Design and use of databases. Moscow: Finance and Statistics 1995.

5. Gumenyuk VE, Fundamentals of creating a sectoral system for maintaining all-Union classifiers of technical and economic information: Prak. Leadership. - M., Finance and Statistics, 1985. - 192s., Ill.

6. Gorev A., Akhayan R., Makasharipov S. Effective work with DBMS - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997. - 704 pages: ill.

7. Koglovsky MR, Technology of databases on personal computers, Moscow, "Finance and Statistics", 1992

8. Handbook of the ACS developer. ed. Fedorenko N.P. and Caribbean V.V., M., Economics, 1978.

9. Rozhnov V.S. ASOEI., M., Finance and Statistics., 1990.

10. Coward R., Knittel B. Using Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition, M., 2002.

11. Drakhvelidze P., Markov E., Kitten O. Programming in Delphi 6. A guide for professionals - SPB .: BHV-Petersburg, 2001. -784 p .: ill.

12. Efimova O., Moiseev M., Shafrin Yu. Workshop on computer technology. - M., 1997

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Statistical Review of Kazakhstan No. 3 - 2006

If you decide to automate a retail store, then in order to optimize costs, you first need to determine what will be automated and to what extent. Let's consider the main objects and the degree of retail trade automation.

There are 3 main areas in retail automation:

Store automation

Office automation

Warehouse automation

Automation retail store

Automation of a retail store is aimed at increasing sales volumes due to the quality and speed of customer service, effective accounting of goods and analysis of demand, dividing sales accounting by managers and creating additional mechanisms to increase customer interest (discount cards, gift certificates, flexible system of discounts, kits, gifts ...).

In order to implement such tasks, it is necessary to install hardware and software on the cashier's workplace, as a rule, this is a regular computer on which a program for accounting is installed retail sales (for example 1C: Retail) and then the fiscal registrar is connected (KKM, cash register, PMP).

After that, an assortment of goods is entered into the program, and prices are set - this is the minimum set of actions for accounting for sales in the program.

If the store has one computer, and it is also a workplace, then schematically it can be displayed as follows.

If the store has several cash registers, or there is a separate computer in the back room, then they are all connected to a single database.

In order to speed up the procedure for registering a sale, reduce cashier errors in the selection of goods and increase the speed of customer service, we will need to organize the accounting of goods by bar codes. To do this, we will install a barcode scanner, and assign each product its own barcode in the accounting program (the formation of internal product barcodes in the program is automated).

If the goods come to us with a barcode already applied and this barcode is generated by international standard, you can use it instead of assigning your own barcodes. This will save on consumables and time for pasting the product.

In addition to sales in the program, it is convenient to see the balance of goods in the store, for this it is necessary to generate documents on the arrival of goods in the store, movements, inventory and other movements. To do this, we will appoint a responsible person and set the appropriate rights for him in the program.

We organize data exchange between the office base and the store. This will allow directly from the office to see sales, movement of goods and money, as well as manage the rights and settings of the store base.

You can also add in the store:

Visitor counting system,

Data collection terminal - for inventory taking,

Bank terminal - for accepting non-cash payments,

Magnetic card reader (card reader) - for the system of discount discounts

Buyer's board - to display the cost of purchases

Retail store office automation

In a retail organization, as a rule, besides the sales accounting system, there are other accounting systems, such as Accounting, Management, Warehouse accounting. And of course the sales data must be reflected in these systems.

On the basis of the 1C program system, you can organize automatic data exchange between databases according to various schemes.

An example of a database interaction scheme using central retail.

This scheme is basic, it allows:

See the current state of trade in stores,

Create and correct document flow and store directories directly from the office,

Perform data exchange at intervals of 10 minutes,

The sellers of each store see the balances in other stores,

Perform 1C configuration settings centrally for all stores,

Manage the setting of user rights,

· If necessary, restore the base of any store from the central base.

· Launch the next store as soon as possible, from 1 day.

In the automation of a retail office, the following stages can be distinguished:

Automation of accounting in trade

One of the key areas of the company's activity is the automation of management and accounting in trade.

Goals and objectives of accounting automation.

The main goals of automation are to reduce labor costs, add new assessment tools trade processes, effective management of purchases, sales, warehouse stocks, qualitative analysis of accounting.

Most of the management accounting documents are also used in accounting, for example, goods receipts, sales, returns, cash receipts and receipts, etc. Therefore, one of the tasks of automation in trade is the high-quality setting of data exchange between systems.

For example, in an organization, accounting objects are retail stores, an online store, a warehouse, an office, and of course, accounting is kept. Let's sketch the interaction between these objects.

Also, automation of accounting in trade allows you to systematize and organize internal processes in the organization. Delineate the area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility, establish access control. Each employee works with his own set of documents.

Mechanisms and methods of trade automation

Software

We choose 1C-based software products as the main automation platform, because:

1. Specialized accounting systems 1C meet the needs of enterprises with different specifics.

2. The cost of 1C software products is lower than the cost of foreign analogues.

3. Exchange between standard accounting systems in 1C is created and maintained by 1C.

4. The specialists of our company have extensive experience in automation of accounting in retail and wholesale trade based on 1C.

For the automation of retail trade, 1C and its partners have developed many configurations. Particular attention should be paid to the 1C: Retail product line, they are intended both for small stores and large retail chains. Small shops will appreciate their low cost and simplicity, and retail chains will appreciate the speed of data exchange with the central office, the ability to integrate into a single-level or two-level network.

Solutions based on 1C: Retail are supplied as part of a software and hardware complex that includes a computer with preinstalled software that is already configured to work at a retail outlet. Such a complex can be assembled on the basis of POS systems, stationary computers or laptops.

Equipment for trade automation and accounting.

	Barcode scanners	To automate the selection of goods during the sale. Also, using the barcode scanner, you can select goods in various accounting documents for posting goods, moving, inventory.
	KKM (cash registers), Receipt printers (CHM)	Cash register with EKLZ for registering sales and printing receipts. Check printing machines or check printers are used in organizations using UTII.
	POS systems	A set of equipment, including in an ergonomic design or in a single case, consisting of a system unit, KKM (CHM), monitor
	Data collection terminals	To conduct a quick inventory by barcodes of goods, it can also be used when filling out other documents (receipts, transfers, sales ..)
	Magnetic card readers	To automate sales with a discount using magnetic stripe discount cards, or other actions related to magnetic card identification.
	People Counting Counters	Automate counting of store visitors. Counter data is sent to 1C, and displayed in various reports to analyze the ratio of the number of registered sales
	Label printers	To automate the printing of labels with a barcode of goods, it is convenient to use with a large number of goods and an internal barcode.

Accounting automation problems

When launching stores, a shift in terms of time, as a rule, entails additional costs associated with renting premises, salaries, etc. Therefore, the main criterion for the success of a project in retail is adherence to the system implementation schedule, and the planning of automation stages taking into account the start date of the store.

The company's management needs to participate in the automation process or to allocate a responsible, competent employee with the authority to solve most of the administrative issues.

When you start working in the system, you enter the initial data, reference books, balances, add. product information. The volume of the initial data can be quite large, while errors are possible, the correction time of which is comparable to the data entry time. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to take a more serious approach to training and the selection of employees for this area of \u200b\u200bwork.

In retail outlets at the time of installation of the equipment, all necessary communications, electrical outlets, the Internet, and a local network must work. All equipment, software, security keys were brought.

Before a full transition of the organization to an automated accounting system, a certain part of the time passes (1-6 months), during this time the personnel may partially change, so it is necessary to timely train new employees to work in the system.

Automation based on 1C: Retail 8.2

"1C: Retail 8" - is designed to automate both single outlets and retail chains.

The functionality of "1C: Retail 8" allows you to automate the accounting of sales, stocks in trading floors and in warehouses, as well as accounting for cash. A store can belong either to one organization or to several, with each warehouse and sales area belonging to one organization. For each KKM, you can specify the sales areas to which it belongs. This interaction can be schematically shown as follows:

Automation of trade using "1C: Retail 8" allows you to simplify the accounting of such operations as:

· Sale of goods - selection by the scanner by barcode;

· Receipt of goods to the store warehouse from an external supplier;

· Moving goods from a central warehouse to a store, between store warehouses or between retail stores;

· Sale of goods and services to an external counterparty;

· Sale of sets of goods - sets are created as at the time of sale or in advance;

· Return of goods from buyers - 2 modes of returns are used, return on the day of sale before the close of the cash register shift and return not on the day of sale, after the close of the shift;

· Return of goods to the supplier;

· Inventory - can be filled from the data collection terminal, barcode scanner, or manually;

· Receipt of funds from buyers;

· Transfer of funds between cash desks;

Closing a cash register shift - generating a summary report on cash register (FR) taking into account the returned goods per shift.

Acceptance of payments is supported:

Cash,

Bank cards,

· Gift certificates;

Operations on the movement of goods

In "1C: Retail 8" operations for the movement of goods can be registered in 2 stages, shipment of goods and receipt. Such a movement is called an order accounting scheme, it allows you to control the quantities of goods sent, received and the division of responsibility when discrepancies are detected. Movement according to the order scheme is carried out with the help of 2 additional documents "Receipt order for goods", "Outline order for goods". Also, according to orders, you can register the receipt of goods from the supplier and the sale of goods.

A store can receive goods from a central office, from another store, or from an external supplier. A mechanism for analyzing the needs of the sales area, taking into account previous sales and the formation of transfers from store warehouses, has been implemented.

Each trading floor (warehouse) of a store belongs to one organization, the taxation system (General, USN, UTII) and cash desks that serve the trading floor are indicated for it.

Turnkey retail outlet automation. Three steps to retail store automation. Reasons for possible failures

Program features

Chapter 1. Theoretical part. Study of the current data processing system

1.1 Description of the automation object

Chapter 2. Analytical part

2.1 Description of information and technological support of IP

Setting up a product filing cabinet.

Barcodes

The procedure for selling goods

Return of goods procedure.

"Personalization" of the product.

Internal Serial Number (BCH)

Trading House module. General Provisions

Remote Point of Sale (UTT)

Card index of goods

Legal entities file

Moving goods to TD and UTT

Moving goods between TD and UTT

Moving goods between UTT

Application for the manufacture of finished products (GP)

Service request

Basic operations with goods in the TD

Arrival of goods

Sale of goods in retail trade (sales area)

Sales of legal entities' goods

Revaluation of goods

Night sale mode

Chapter 3. Design part. Software module development

3.1 The economic essence of the projected economic problem

3.2 IC software

3.3 Hardware

System security.

Chapter 4. Economic efficiency of EIS

4.1 Rationale for utility

4.2 Assessment of the economic efficiency of the applied IP and calculation of the price

Conclusion

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