Prospects for the development of the global textile industry. Light industry of the Russian Federation. Manufacturing process control

Light industry - includes a range of individual industries that are mainly engaged in the production of consumer goods from various raw materials.

The light industry includes many industries and their subsectors, however, there are three main ones:

shoe,
textile
sewing.

Thanks to the scientific and technological revolution, the textile industry has undergone significant changes in the course of its historical development. Until the turning point, all textiles were cotton products and fabrics, and a small part was occupied by materials such as linen, wool, artificial fibers.

At the present time textile industry significantly expanded the range of products, this was due to an increase in the use of various synthetic materials and fibers in the production of textiles.

On a global scale, the textile industry is growing at an incredible pace. The main region, which today occupies about 70% of the volume of manufactured textiles, is Asia. If we consider this industry from the side of the category of products and goods, then we can say with accuracy that the countries of Asia bring about 50% of all cotton and woolen fabrics to the world market.

There are several largest manufacturers for the manufacture of cotton products - China (about 30%), India (more than 10%), Japan, USA, Indonesia, Taiwan. A similar situation is observed in the distribution of the volume of woolen fabrics. China contributes about 15% to this segment, followed by Italy 14%, USA, Japan, India, Turkey, and some Western European countries also enter and complete this list. Oddly enough, but having a huge share in the production of natural raw materials for textile industry, the domestic manufacturer is experiencing a large production decline, so at the moment it is impossible to compete with imported goods without state special programs for development and support.

Together with the textile industry, the clothing industry should also be discussed. This industry light industry world specializes in the production of lingerie, clothing and many different products.

Economy of Russia, figures and facts. Part 11 Light industry.

The distribution of production volumes in this industry does not differ from those in the textile industry. The world's leading exporters of these products are China, Colombia, South Korea, India, Taiwan. As for other developed countries, they specialize in the production of small volumes of fashionable, individual and luxury products.

Shoe industry, in comparison with the previous and other industries, has undergone a displacement and mainly its production is concentrated in countries with a developing economy. This is largely due to the cheaper labor force these countries. And here the leading position on the world scale is occupied by China. According to modern estimates, China produces up to 40% of the world's consumer goods.

The main problems and directions of development of light industry

One of the most important sectors of the complex, which specializes in the creation of goods popular consumption, is light industry. This industry belongs to the manufacturing industries, since it produces various goods, which include fabrics, shoes and clothing. It also produces fabrics and items designed to create tires, steel rope cores, filtering equipment and other items. Light industry in Russia is a field of activity that specializes in the production of ready-to-use goods, as well as items that are involved in other areas of production.

Large centers of light industry in Russia are numerous, and at the same time they constantly carry out research activities, as well as provide services to various subsectors.

Features of light industry

This field of activity has a significant impact on the country's economy, since it is distinguished by the presence of large capital, characterized by a fast turnover. Also, many other areas of activity are involved in the technological cycle of this industry, such as agriculture and the chemical industry, as well as many other industries.

Companies that operate in the field of light industry produce a huge range of products that have production, special and technical purposes.

Light industry of the Russian Federation

The main consumers of these products are individualswho use them for their own needs. Accordingly, the light industry is directly influenced by end consumers, since the supply in the market is formed depending on demand. However, the light industry in Russia is not too developed, since there is no essential and necessary state supportAs a result, there are many serious problems requiring urgent solution and regulation by the Government.

Development of light industry

Since the goods that are produced in this field of activity are important and significant for the entire population of the country, the industry is constantly developing and modernizing, since it is necessary to constantly improve the quality of the goods produced. The fact is that in other countries the light industry is more developed, as a result of which foreign competitors have the opportunity to offer the Russian population better and more reliable goods. This leads to the fact that domestic production and goods are losing their attractiveness. Therefore, many large companies operating in the light industry are trying to make certain changes in their activities, for which they purchase modern equipment and introduce innovative technologies.

Problems of the development of light industry in the Russian Federation

There are several main problems that hinder the optimal and effective development of this industry. It is believed that the most important disadvantage is the illegal import of goods, as well as unrecorded production, which is unofficial and clandestine. As a result, on russian market there is a huge number of products of low quality and a small, but attractive price for potential buyers. This leads to the fact that goods issued by official Russian companies that have high qualityas well as made from the correct ingredients are not in demand.

As a result, domestic manufacturers have to compete with counterfeit products, for which they lower the quality of the manufactured goods in order to slightly lower prices. This leads to the fact that not only the quality of products that enter the market decreases, but also the profit of companies also decreases, and this reduces tax payments to the country's budget. Therefore, the presence on the market of unrecorded foreign low-quality products has a negative impact on the development of the entire country as a whole. The only solution to this problem would be to restrict imports, as well as government support russian manufacturersoperating in the field of light industry.

Also an important problem for this industry is that many companies use equipment and technologies that are outdated and outdated, which leads to the fact that the products they create are not competitive. Enterprises do not have automated systems, therefore, production is completely based on manual labor, as a result of which the cost of production increases significantly. We should also highlight the unusually weak management in almost every enterprise, the lack of marketing departments and ineffective personnel policy... As a result, the enterprise is managed by incompetent people, which negatively affects the development of the industry as a whole.

Another important problem for this field of activity is that investments will be discouraged, since most large investors do not see the prospects and attractiveness in investing in light industry. Even budget funding is decreasing, which leads to the fact that the effectiveness of research and development is significantly reduced. As a result, the goods produced by enterprises are completely unsuitable in terms of their parameters and properties to the conditions and requirements of both the Russian market and the world one.

Accordingly, the light industry in Russia can develop and function normally only if the state pays more attention to this area, namely, certain changes are made to the legislation, there will be serious state support for large enterprises, and all companies will constantly technically re-equip equipment. Also, the state should take certain measures to protect official producers from shadow production. Only then can it be expected that domestic goods will be competitive, of high quality and affordable.

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Features and prospects of light industry in Russia

Each branch of industry has its own significance and characteristics, therefore the state in any case should pay attention to the problems and prospects for the development of any field of activity. The light industry of Russia belongs to such industries in which the production of goods intended for public consumption takes place. Additionally, the products that are created by this industry are directed to use in other areas of activity, which include the automotive industry and the food industry.

Light industry in Russia - state and development prospects

The light industry in Russia is currently quite well developed, since the results of its activities are effectively used for export to other countries, and at the same time the products are considered competitive in comparison with those goods that are available on the foreign market. Additionally, it should be noted that this industry provides a huge number of jobs, and most of the people employed in this area are women.

The development of light industry is ongoing, and at the same time it is considered an important field of activity in the state. This is due to the fact that the light industry has a direct impact on the economic situation in Russia, and it is here that a very fast capital turnover is observed, as a result of which stagnation and other problems that are inherent in many other industries are not observed. Additionally, it should be noted that the technological cycles in this area affect such an important industry as agriculture and the chemical industry. Due to this, it is necessary to pay as much attention as possible to the development of light industry. As a result, every year the situation in this area of \u200b\u200bactivity is improving.

Industries and enterprises of light industry in Russia

The light industry itself is subdivided into many different industries, each of which has its own characteristics and characteristics. First of all, it is necessary to highlight the textile and leather industry, footwear and clothing, as well as fur. The textile industry is considered the most priority, significant and profitable, since the products from its work are in demand not only in the domestic market, but in foreign countriesoh. Modern goods, which are created at light industry enterprises, successfully compete with other goods manufactured in various countries of the world.

This is because modern companies, which are numerous, and who also specialize in the creation of textiles or garments, are trying to introduce into production as much modern and innovative equipment as possible.

The result is high-quality products that do not contain harmful components, and also have an interesting and sophisticated design. However, such innovations require rather significant costs on the part of manufacturers, as a result of which the cost of the product itself increases. This leads to an increase in the prices of goods, and the demand is constantly changing, therefore it is extremely important to establish optimal and permanent relations with other countries that will purchase light industry goods for their own use.

Industry development problems

Certain problems in the development of light industry can be observed recently, when many European countries have introduced numerous sanctions against Russia, as a result of which a rather significant decrease in the export of goods in this industry can be observed.

As a result, many products remain unclaimed, and it is almost impossible to sell them entirely on the domestic market. This leads to the fact that enterprises engaged in this field of activity are trying with all their might to reduce the cost of manufactured goods. In most cases, this leads to a decrease in product quality, which is not a good indicator for the state of the Russian economy as a whole. That is why the Ministry of Light Industry in Russia is trying with all its might to improve the situation, for which companies are offered very profitable terms for the purchase of innovative and modern technology, which they can purchase at low interest rates on credit.

Additionally, all kinds of subsidies and allowances are provided for light industry enterprises that have come to a crisis due to the fact that they cannot sell most of their products. It is with the help of innovative and unique equipment that it is possible to achieve that in order to obtain high-quality and reliable products, it will not be necessary to spend too much money, and the whole process will be fully automated, so there is no need for manual labor of workers. On the one hand, this is very good decision, since the cost of wages will be minimal, however, on the other hand, the number of jobs in the field of light industry is decreasing, and this leads to the fact that a large number of people cannot find a job, which leads to an increase in unemployment.

Thus, the light industry in Russia is an area that is considered promising and interesting for investors, although it is currently going through quite difficult times. However, a crisis situation is observed in almost every area of \u200b\u200bindustry due to a significant decline in exports. However, the state is taking certain measures aimed at improving the situation, so we can expect in the near future to improve the state of this sphere of activity.

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* Calculations use average data for Russia

GENERAL INFORMATION

Textiles are products made from flexible, soft fibers and threads (fabric, cotton wool, nets, etc.), usually made from yarn on a loom. Textiles also include fabrics that are not fabrics: knitwear, felt, modern nonwovens, etc.

The textile industry is a group of light industry branches engaged in the processing of vegetable (cotton, flax, hemp, kenaf, jute, ramie), animals (wool, silk of silkworm cocoons), artificial and synthetic fibers into yarn, threads, fabrics. It includes the following industries:

cotton

woolen

silk

woolen

silk

hemp jute

Textile is one of the main materials used in light industry. Until the end of the 19th century, only natural materials were used in the textile industry - cotton, wool, silk. Then, artificial (based on natural polymers) and synthetic (from hydrocarbon raw materials) fibers are becoming more widespread.

CLASSIFIER OKVED

According to the all-Russian classifier of species economic activity (OKVED), textile production belongs to the section 17 of the same name, which has the following major subsections:

17.1 "Spinning textile fibers"

17.2 "Weaving"

17.3 "Finishing of fabrics and textiles"

17.4 "Manufacture of finished textile products, except for clothing"

17.5 "Manufacture of other textiles"

17.6 "Production of knitted fabric"

17.7 "Manufacture of knitwear"

SITUATION ANALYSIS IN THE INDUSTRY

Today, the situation in the world is developing in such a way that the bulk of textile production is concentrated in developing countries, which have sufficient raw materials (for example, cotton) and cheap labor. Developed countries import fabrics to make ready-made garments from them, which are then exported to developing countries. At the same time, territorially, the very production belonging to a developed country may be located in another state.

The light industry of the USSR covered all stages of production - from the production (cultivation) of raw materials to the manufacture of garments. Today, the domestic light industry is experiencing serious difficulties, primarily due to the non-competitiveness of products in terms of price - Asian countries that use cheap labor offer much cheaper products. Moreover, the quality of Russian fabrics is often significantly higher. The share of domestic products today is no more than 30% of the market. It is almost impossible to determine more precisely the quantity due to the presence of “gray” imports. According to experts, the only competitive segment is the production of workwear, supported by government orders.

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ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE FEDERAL STATE STATISTICS SERVICE

Rosstat data, which the service receives by collecting official data from market participants, may not coincide with the data of analytical agencies, whose analytics are based on conducting surveys and collecting unofficial data.

Figure 1. Dynamics of financial indicators of the industry in 2007-2015, thousand rubles.

Figure 2. Dynamics financial ratios industry in 2007-2015, thousand rubles

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According to the data Federal Service state statistics, in the period from 2007 to 2015. there is a stable trend of revenue growth in the industry. Since there are no data on sales volumes in physical terms, it is not possible to conclude whether revenue is growing only due to price increases, or sales volumes in product units are also growing. At the same time, the indicators of gross profitability and profitability of sales are also growing. The growth was especially sharp in 2015. These data are somewhat at odds with the data of independent sources.

The indicators of accounts receivable (in 2015 + 67% versus 2007) and accounts payable (in 2015 + 101% versus 2007) significantly increased, which indicates problems in mutual settlements with customers and suppliers. High accounts receivable may indicate a shortage of working capital, which can be covered by loans. The dynamics of the ratio between borrowed and own funds confirms this conclusion: the ratio of borrowed funds to equity increased from 3.66 times in 2007 to 5.62 times in 2015.

Figure 3. Accounts receivable and payable by industry in 2007-2015, thousand rubles.

Figure 4. Shares of regions in the gross revenue of the industry in 2015

CONCLUSION

Despite the positive data from Rosstat, the textile industry in Russia is in decline due to the low level of competitiveness of products. The market is filled with cheap products from Southeast Asia, most of which are "gray" imports.

Some experts believe that the way out of their current situation is to adopt the experience of developed countries importing textile products. The Government of the Russian Federation, however, has developed programs for the support and development of light industry, including the textile industry, as an integral part of it. It is planned to develop a specialized segment of polyester fabrics.

In general, even with a successful reorganization of the industry, it is hardly worth expecting its growth in the next 5-7 years. The technologies used in the industry are highly labor and capital intensive.

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In 1999 and 2000, light industry enterprises used the created opportunities to expand import substitution, increasing the growth rate of production volumes up to 20% annually.

However, since 2001 in the light industry there has been a slowdown in the growth rate of production, and then its decline, the financial and economic indicators of the industry have worsened.

In order to understand what this is connected with, it is necessary to consider the problems of the development of light industry.

The main reason for the crisis in the light industry is the technological backwardness of most enterprises, which leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of products. To get out of this situation, it is necessary to activate innovative activities, the main task of which is the implementation and use of the results scientific research and development at enterprises. An analysis of the situation in the field of innovation showed that the demand for basic scientific and technological achievements and technologies is quite low, which increases the technological lag of the industry. The innovation activity of enterprises is mainly constrained by the lack of financial resources; among other reasons, they distinguish too high costs for innovations and their long payback periods.

To enhance innovation, the following measures are required:

1. Improvement of the regulatory and legal system on the part of the state, in order to increase the innovative activity of the enterprise;
2. Economic support for enterprises involved in innovative activities;
3. Support for innovative activities at the regional level;
4. Development international cooperation in the field of innovation.

To improve innovation, it is necessary to have research institutes.

There are also staffing problems. First, there is a lack of qualified top and middle managers. Secondly, many executives lack the knowledge and initiative necessary for the successful transfer of production from command-and-control methods of functioning to market and successful development of the enterprise in modern conditions. This problem can be solved by training new and retraining old personnel.

For a separate branch of light industry there is a problem of the raw material market. First of all, this is the problem of the textile industry, the main raw material for which is cotton. In Soviet times, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan were the main suppliers of cotton, but with the collapse of the USSR, economic ties were also broken. Due to the desire of the former Soviet republics to earn more money raw materials were supplied at dumping prices outside the former Soviet Union, which reduced the supply of cotton to Russia. This problem can be solved by reducing the share of cotton products and changing the structure of production.

Despite the existence of serious problems in the development of light industry, there are also promising areas of development.

It should be noted that today in Russia there is a sufficient raw material base for light industry, which can be used with greater efficiency. Already now Russia can almost completely satisfy the needs of enterprises in flax fiber, leather and fur raw materials, artificial fibers, threads, wool. It is required to solve the issues of production in a sufficient amount of synthetic fibers and threads.

One of the promising areas of development will be a change in the structure of production of the textile industry, a decrease in the share of cotton and an increase in the share of linen products. This requires a broad development of flax processing processes not only at the enterprises of the linen industry, but also at the enterprises of the cotton industry. In the future, the following tasks should be solved:

I. Creation of a reliable base of domestic natural raw materials by increasing the gross yield of flax, as well as the release of flax from the production of technical products;

II. Replacement of a part of purchased cotton fiber for linen at the enterprises of the cotton industry due to the development of new technologies;

III. Development of export potential through the supply of flax, as well as high quality linen fabrics and finished products.

Also, for the future development of the industry, it is necessary to improve the quality of products and make them competitive in comparison with imported goods. This requires the modernization of production and the development of the scientific and technical industry. In the near future, it is advisable to develop existing techniques and technologies in the direction of the existing technological equipmentallowing to use domestic natural and chemical raw materials more fully in order to expand the range, improve the quality and competitiveness of products.

For the perspective development of light industry, it is necessary to increase the investment attractiveness of production. For this, an appropriate regulatory and legal framework is needed, and it should be profitable for an entrepreneur to invest funds in light industry enterprises. On the one hand, in light industry the turnover of funds occurs 2-4 times, which in itself is already profitable. But besides this, it is necessary to change the financial and legal policy of the state in relation to light industry. On the part of the state, the priority measures aimed at creating conditions for the development of the industry will be:

1.reduction of imported customs duties for highly efficient technological equipment for light industry, not produced in the Russian Federation;
2. optimization of customs duties on raw materials and materials used by light industry enterprises;
3.inclusion in existing and developed federal target programs major worksaimed at introducing new technologies in light industry.
4. suppression of the illegal import of light industry goods into the territory of the Russian Federation and improvement of the mechanism for receiving and using humanitarian aid;
5. suppression of illegal production of light industry products
6. activation of work on the implementation of measures to improve the supply of raw materials for light industry "".

Also, state activities are aimed at supporting the export of products, as evidenced by the Concept for the development of state financial support export of industrial products, approved by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 14, 2003 No. 1493-r.

Application.

Light industry of the Irkutsk region

Dynamics of production in the light industry of the region

Indicator name

Years 2001 2002 2003 2004

Physical volume index,% 108 85 90 85

Industrial production volume, million rubles 289 390 304 328

Share in industry,% 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Investments, RUB million - 5.5 8.4 27.8

Number of enterprises, units 241 181 169 153

Number of employees, people 6 577 6 249 5 496 4 700

Average monthly salary, rubles 1 183 1 452 1 575 1 910

The volume of products shipped in 2005 amounted to 424.8 million rubles, the weighted average index industrial production in 2005 it was 104%.

Main problems:

1. Annually increasing imports of light industry goods from the countries of South-East Asia, Germany and the CIS countries. At the same time, the growth rate of the import of goods outstrips the growth rate of production in the region.
2. Inefficient use of production capacity in some organizations (the percentage of utilization is no more than 50%).
3. Deterioration of technological equipment (its active part).
4. Low level of management.
5. Low wages.
6. Lack of opportunity for light industry organizations to receive long-term loans for 10 - 15 years to replenish working capital, technical re-equipment of production and release of competitive products.
7. Lack of textile mills in the region, the location of the main producers of raw materials and materials in the European part of the Russian Federation.

Implementation of highly effective business plans aimed at the release of competitive products, technical re-equipment of production, ensuring employment of the population of the region

1. In the manner prescribed by law, the provision of regional state support for investment projects implemented by light industry organizations, the placement of regional state orders.
2. Creation of favorable conditions for the promotion of products of domestic manufacturers to the domestic and foreign markets.
3. Ensuring the implementation of mutually beneficial trade between the organizations of the light industry of the region and other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the creation of joint organizations.
4. Facilitating the organization of export finished products, including to Mongolia, to expand sales markets.
5. Assistance in the creation of an effective mechanism to suppress illegal imports, as well as control over compliance with the quality and certification of products imported into the Russian Federation.
6. Assistance in the organization of specialized exhibition and fair events with the participation of domestic manufacturers.
7. Assistance in the organization of education, training, retraining and advanced training of managers and specialists of enterprises in the industry.

Taking measures to increase the output of competitive products, preserve jobs, and grow wages, an increase in tax deductions is provided by organizations annually in the developed business plans (investment projects). Long-term investment projects on technical re-equipment of production at OJSC "Sewing firm" ViD ", LLC" Spetsobuv ", LLC" Blik ". Mutual obligations between the regional administration and light industry organizations are enshrined in annual Agreements, the implementation of which ensures the solution of the tasks set for the current year.

Problems of the development of light industry in the Russian Federation

The main reason for the crisis in the light industry is the technological backwardness of most enterprises, which leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of products. To get out of this situation, it is necessary to activate innovative activities, the main task of which is the introduction and use of the results of scientific research and development at enterprises. Analysis of the situation in the field of innovation has shown that the demand for basic scientific and technological achievements and technologies is quite low, which increases the technological backwardness of the industry. The innovation activity of enterprises is mainly constrained by the lack of financial resources; among other reasons, they distinguish too high costs for innovations and their long payback periods.

To enhance innovation, the following measures are required:

1. Improvement of the regulatory and legal system on the part of the state, in order to increase the innovative activity of the enterprise;

2. Economic support for enterprises involved in innovative activities;

3. Support for innovative activities at the regional level;

4. Development of international cooperation in the field of innovation.

To improve innovation, it is necessary to have research institutes.

For a separate branch of light industry, there is a problem of the raw material market. First of all, this is the problem of the textile industry, the main raw material for which is cotton. In Soviet times, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan were the main suppliers of cotton, but with the collapse of the USSR, economic ties were also broken. Due to the desire of the former Soviet republics to earn more money, raw materials were supplied at dumping prices outside the former Union, which reduced the supply of cotton to Russia. This problem can be solved by reducing the share of cotton products and changing the structure of production.

Prospects for the development of light industry in the Russian Federation

Despite the existence of serious problems in the development of light industry, there are also promising areas of development.

I. Creation of a reliable base of domestic natural raw materials by increasing the gross yield of flax, as well as the release of flax from the production of technical products;

II. Replacement of a part of purchased cotton fiber for linen at the enterprises of the cotton industry due to the development of new technologies;

III. Development of export potential through the supply of flax, as well as high quality linen fabrics and finished products.

Also, for the future development of the industry, it is necessary to improve the quality of products and make them competitive in comparison with imported goods. This requires the modernization of production and the development of the scientific and technical industry. In the near future, it is advisable to develop already existing techniques and technologies in the direction of existing technological equipment, which allows more full use of domestic natural and chemical raw materials in order to expand the range, improve the quality and competitiveness of products.

1.Reduction of import customs duties on highly efficient technological equipment for light industry not produced in the Russian Federation;

2. optimization of customs duties on raw materials and materials used by light industry enterprises;

3.inclusion in the existing and developed federal target programs of the most important works aimed at the introduction of new technologies in the light industry

4. suppression of the illegal import of light industry goods into the territory of the Russian Federation and improvement of the mechanism for receiving and using humanitarian aid;

5. suppression of illegal production of light industry products

6. activation of work on the implementation of measures to improve the supply of raw materials for light industry "".

Also, state activities are aimed at supporting the export of products, as evidenced by the Concept for the development of state financial support for the export of industrial products, approved by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 14, 2003 No. 1493-r.

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Federal agency of Education

State educational institution higher professional education

North Caucasus State Technical University

Nevinnomyssk Technological Institute (branch)

COURSE WORK

by discipline Industry Economics

Theme: Prospects for the development of the textile and clothing industryin Russia until 2015

Nevinnomyssk 2010

Introduction
1. general characteristics light industry of the Russian Federation
2. Territorial structure of light industry of the Russian Federation

2.1 Principles of industrial location
2.1.1 Light industry in the Central Federal District
2.1.2 Light industry in other federal districts

3. Problems and prospects for the development of light industry in the Russian Federation

3.1 Characteristics of light industry. Assessment of the state and trends of its development
3.2 Problems of the development of light industry in the Russian Federation
3.3 Prospects for the development of light industry in the Russian Federation
3.4 Draft strategy for the development of light industry in Russia for the period up to 2015

Conclusion
List of references
Appendix A

Introduction

Light industry is a branch for the production of consumer goods, which must meet the needs of the country's population. home easy task industry is to meet the growing needs of all segments of the population.

Today the share of light industry in the total production of the country is about 1.3%, which is very small for this industry. To understand the reasons for such a low percentage in the total volume of production, it is necessary to analyze the state of the industry and the problems of its development. To increase the share interest, it is necessary to find ways to develop this industry.

Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 30, 2009 N 623 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, N 31, 03.08.2009);

Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 3, 2009 N 798 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, N 41, 12.10.2009).

Resolves:

1. To approve the attached Rules for the provision of subsidies in 2009 to organizations of the light and textile industry to reimburse part of the cost of paying interest on loans received from Russian credit institutions (paragraph as amended by Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 10, 2009 N 100; as amended by Government Resolution Russian Federation dated October 3, 2009 N 798 - see the previous edition).

2. To establish that the provision of subsidies to organizations of the light and textile industry to reimburse part of the cost of paying interest on loans received from Russian credit organizations is carried out if the provision of such subsidies is provided for by the federal law on federal budget for the corresponding year and for the planning period in relation to loans received during the period determined by this federal law.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the development problems and offer prospects for the development of light industry in the Russian Federation.

The work consists of an introduction, a main part and a conclusion. The main part is divided into three sections. The first section sets out the general theoretical foundations, the second section contains a brief description of the territorial structure of light industry, the third section examines the problems of the industry, ways to solve them and development prospects.

For the writing of this work, we mainly used popular science magazinesas well as official documents and tutorials. Analysis of the literature showed that the state of light industry is not given due attention, and the material presented does not give a complete picture of the light industry of the country as a whole.

1. General characteristics of the light industry of the Russian Federation

Light industry is one of the branches of the complex producing consumer goods. This industry is manufacturing and produces products for the population: fabrics, clothing, footwear, knitwear, hosiery and fur, hats, textile and leather haberdashery. In addition, light industry enterprises supply fabrics and cords for the production of tires, steel rope cores for coal mines and the metallurgical industry, filter and sieve fabrics for the food, chemical and electrical industries, fabrics and other products for agriculture, fabrics for conveyor belts, used in all industries in Russia. Thus, light industry enterprises, along with consumer goods, produce raw materials and auxiliary materials for other sectors of the national economy.

In the light industry, there are 20 research institutes that are specialized in accordance with groups of industries and serve the textile, knitwear, sewing, leather and footwear and fur subsectors. Institutes have their own developments, many of which were recognized at the annual international salons inventions. But at the same time, in recent years, there has been a tendency to destroy the scientific and technical potential and the previously effectively functioning system of training specialists, which is primarily associated with insufficient funding.

Light industry affects the general economic situation in the country, because, firstly, it is an industry with a rapid capital turnover; secondly, its technological cycle involves agriculture, chemical industry and other industries.

The raw material base of the light industry in Russia is underdeveloped, because does not meet the needs of the industry for raw materials.

Agriculture is the main supplier of natural raw materials for light industry. Flax growing is in a difficult situation: the sowing of fiber flax is decreasing, and its yield is falling. Flax growing is unevenly distributed: over 60% of the harvested raw materials are in the Central Federal District, 25% in the North-Western District, and only 15% in all the rest. Today flax growing is sole supplier domestic vegetable raw materials, and the prices for flax fiber are the lowest of all types of fibers.

At the moment, the needs of the flax industry for raw materials are met through imports, and Belarus is the main supplier of flax.

Natural wool is provided mainly by sheep. Recently, their livestock in Russia has decreased, and the quality of wool has deteriorated. Only wool coming from breeding farms fully meets all the quality requirements, but such wool comes in little, since it is the breeding stock that has decreased to the greatest extent.

The light industry could provide itself almost completely with natural leather raw materials, but a significant part of it is exported from Russia.

The raw materials for the production of twisted products (twine, ropes) are hemp, jute and sisal. Hemp is made from the stalks of hemp, the crops of which have been declining since 1960, and jute and sisal are imported from abroad.

Cotton is not grown in Russia, therefore, after the collapse of the USSR, the developed cotton industry is completely based on imported raw materials. Cotton - raw comes mainly from Uzbekistan, also from Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, a small part comes from Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan.

In addition to natural raw materials in the light industry, synthetic and chemical fibers, artificial leather supplied by the chemical industry are used. The initial raw materials for their production are refined products, natural gas, coal tar. The main delivery areas are the Central and Volga Federal Districts.

In the structure of light industry, there are about 30 sub-sectors, which can be combined into three main groups:

Textile industry, which includes linen, cotton, silk, woolen, knitted fabrics, as well as primary processing of flax, wool, net-knitting industry, felting and felt, production of nonwovens and others.

Clothing industry.

Leather and footwear industry, which also includes fur.

Factors for the location of light industry enterprises are diverse and have their own characteristics for each industry, but the following main ones can be distinguished:

Labor resources. This factor provides for a large number of people and highly qualified specialists.

Raw material factor. This factor mainly affects the location of enterprises for the primary processing of raw materials. For example, enterprises for the primary processing of leather are located near large meat processing plants. The consumer factor. Finished products of the garment industry are less transportable than raw materials. For example, fabrics are more economically transportable than finished products. In the textile industry, on the contrary, finished products are more transportable than raw materials. For example, when washing, the wool becomes 70% lighter.

Textile industry.

The main branch of the light industry in Russia is the textile industry. Despite the fact that it belongs to the typical "old industries", in the era of the scientific and technological revolution, the production of textile fibers did not decrease. The textile industry accounts for about 70% of the total volume of sold marketable products of the entire light industry in Russia.

The main products of the industry are fabrics that are used to meet the needs of the population and are used as raw materials and auxiliary materials in the garment, footwear, food industries, mechanical engineering and other industries.

Cotton industry is the leading branch in the structure of the textile industry. Historically, the Central Federal District is the main area of \u200b\u200bconcentration of the cotton industry. The reasons for this location of the industry were the many years of experience in the development of the linen, silk and cloth industries, the availability of equipment and qualified labor, the availability of a consumer, and the provision of transport. These factors led to the growth of the cotton industry in the Moscow and Ivanovo provinces. Currently, the leading factors in the location of the industry are the availability of a consumer, the availability of a skilled labor force and the provision of employment in areas of heavy industry.

In the structure of the textile industry, the linen industry is also distinguished. Today 70% of fabrics produced in our country are fabrics for industrial and technical purposes. Insufficient production of fabrics for the costume and dress assortment. Also, flax is used to make waterproof overalls, a canvas canvas for sheltering equipment, tents, fire hoses, and more.

Initially, the industry was located near flax-producing regions, but now the raw material factor plays a lesser role. The provision of qualified personnel is of paramount importance for the location of the enterprise in the region, and the primary processing of flax is concentrated in flax-growing regions.

Woolen industry produces a variety of products: household fabrics, blankets, carpets, etc. The bulk of woolen fabrics are used for personal consumption and only 5% are used for technical purposes.

Garment industry.

The enterprises of the garment industry are located throughout the country more evenly than the enterprises of the textile industry. They are available in almost every region and mainly meet the internal needs of the region. The main factor in the placement of enterprises in the garment industry is consumer. This is due to the fact that it is more economical to transport fabrics, rather than finished products. Typically, clothing factories are concentrated in large industrial centers.

In recent years, the Russian garment industry has rather successfully cooperated with foreign countries, using the form of international cooperation, i.e. placing orders at Russian enterprises for the production of clothing according to models and materials from foreign countries. Foreign manufacturers in our country are attracted high level professional training of specialists and at the same time low labor costs, as well as territorial proximity to the western market. For Russian manufacturers of the garment industry, cooperation with foreign manufacturers can improve the quality of products and make them more competitive in the domestic and world markets.

2. Territorial structure of light industry of the Russian Federation

Light industry, in comparison with other industries, has a less pronounced territorial structure, since there are some kind of enterprises in almost every region. However, it is possible to distinguish specialized areas, especially in the textile industry, producing a certain range of products. For example, the Ivanovo region specializes in the production of cotton products and ranks first in Russia in terms of output. The Central Federal District specializes in the production of all branches of the textile industry, and only in this Federal District the light industry is a branch of specialization. Most often, light industry subsectors are complementary to the economic complex of the region.

Further, in the characteristics of enterprises in different regions, statistical data on the volume of products produced for each enterprise are used. To understand how large a share is occupied by an enterprise in the structure of production, it is necessary to know the total volume of production. Statistics are summarized light work industry in the first half of 2003. In total, the enterprises of the garment industry produced products worth 12505 million rubles.

2.1 Principles of industrial location

The location of industry is one of the forms of the social division of labor, expressed in the spatial distribution of industrial enterprises and production on the territory of an economic region, republic or country as a whole. It acts as an important factor in increasing efficiency social production... The correct geographical location of industrial enterprises is a prerequisite for the effective use of the country's natural resources and labor resources, reduction of irrational transportation of products and strengthening of Russia's defense capability, better satisfaction of the needs of the population, and growth of its well-being. In the process of placing industrial production, not only purely economic, but also socio-political tasks are solved - overcoming significant differences between town and country, raising the economic level of development of the country's backward regions in the past, and the growth of highly qualified national personnel in them.

The principles of the location of industry are the initial scientific provisions that guide the state in its economic policy in the area of \u200b\u200bthe planned distribution of productive forces.

The most important principle of the location of industry is the approximation of industrial production to the sources of raw materials, to the areas of consumption, provided that the necessary products are produced with the minimum cost of social labor.

Ensuring fast rates of expanded reproduction and growth in the productivity of social labor requires a wide deployment of industrial production throughout the country, an increasingly even distribution of industry.

An even distribution of industrial production throughout the country based on the specialization of industry and the use of all natural resources and labor resources should be considered as one of the fundamental principles of the location of industry. The even distribution of industry is a qualitative feature of the development of this important branch of the national economy. The approach of industry to the sources of raw materials and a more even distribution of production throughout the country makes it possible to avoid excessively long-distance transportation of raw materials, fuel, materials and finished products to the places of their consumption. Long-distance transportation causes transportation costs, which significantly increase the cost of production and reduce economic efficiency industrial production.

The increasingly even distribution of industry throughout the country, however, does not mean that all industries should develop in all economic regions. Some industries gravitate towards the regions of occurrence of minerals, others - to the sources of agricultural raw materials, and still others - to the regions of consumption. The task of locating these industries is to develop them in areas with the necessary economic and natural prerequisites.

An important principle of the distribution of productive forces is the rational territorial division of labor with the aim of the most effective specialization of individual economic regions by industry and the creation of territorial-production complexes.

The essence of the territorial division of labor lies in the purposeful planned formation of the economy of all economic regions of the country on the basis of the planned distribution of material production, constantly improving industry specialization, rationalization of production and social infrastructure, rationalization of intersectoral, interdistrict and intradistrict production ties.

The basis for the development of the economy of the economic regions of our country is industry. Creation in each region of a complex of industries, clearly specialized in accordance with natural and economic characteristics of this district, which most fully satisfy the national and intra-district needs, is the most important constituent element of the entire integrated development of the economy of the regions and plays a leading role in this development.

The integrated development of regions, combined with the elimination of irrational transportation of raw materials and finished products, ensures the leveling of the levels of economic development of all regions of the country.

The principle of production location is the international division of labor based on economic integration. With the development of the world economic system, this principle is becoming increasingly important in the location of industry both in the entire system and in each of its member countries. The division of labor ensures the most rational development of the economy of each country and the specialization of individual states in those industries for which they have the most favorable natural, economic and social conditions.

Along with the stated economic principles, the practice of locating certain industries takes into account other circumstances that are historically transient in nature, but have great social, political, or defense significance.

The impact of these principles on a specific process of industrial location is carried out through a number of factors that can be divided into three main groups: natural and economic, technical and economic, and economic and political. The provision of the regions with vehicles and their technical level is an independent factor in the location.

2.1.1 Light industry in the Central Federal District

The development of light industry in this district is conditioned by history. Here there is a large scientific and technical base, qualified personnel, great consumer demand and provision of transport, as well as providing employment in areas of heavy industry.

The Central Federal District accounts for 1/3 of the light industry production in the Russian Federation.

The Central Federal District is the main area of \u200b\u200bconcentration of the cotton industry. More than 90% of all cotton fabrics in the Russian Federation are produced here. The first place is occupied by the Ivanovo region, 70% of Russian cotton fabrics are produced here. There are about 40 cotton industry enterprises in the Ivanovo region, followed by Moscow and the Moscow region in terms of output. Here the cotton industry is represented by the Orekhovsky Combine, the Glukhovsky Combine and others. It is worth noting the large enterprise "Trekhgornaya Manufaktura", here, according to the results of the first half of 2003, products worth 41 million rubles were produced. Cotton industry enterprises are also located in Ivanovo, Smolensk, Kaluga, Tver, Yaroslavl regions.

The Central Federal District is the main region for the production of linen fabrics. The main production centers are Vyazniki (Vladimir region), Gavrilov-Yam (Yaroslavl region), Vyazma (Smolensk region).

The production of woolen fabrics is developed in the Bryansk region (Klintsy), Ivanovo region (Shuya) and others.

In the Central Federal District there are enterprises for the production of clothing industry products. In the Moscow region there are enterprises "Bolshevichka", "Firm" Cheryomushki "," PTShO Salut "(Moscow region). According to the results of the first half of 2003, the company produced products worth 282, 112 and 87 million rubles, respectively. In the Vladimir region - Vyaznikovskaya sewing factory with a production output of 69 million rubles, Children's clothing, with a production output of 68 million rubles, Sobinovskaya sewing factory, with a production output of 64 million rubles. In the Ivanovo region - "Aivengo sewing factory" with a production output of 71 million rubles. Here are the largest enterprises that produce products worth over 40 million rubles.

2.1.2 Light industry in other federal districts

As mentioned above, light industry has a less pronounced territorial structure and, as a rule, complements the economic complex of the region. If in the Central Federal District it is a branch of specialization, in other federal districts it has not become such. Nevertheless, one can single out the places of the greatest concentration of light industry enterprises.

Plants for the production of linen products are located in the Northwestern Federal District, in the Pskov and Vologda regions, 3.3% of Russian linen fabrics are produced here. There are also enterprises in the Volga, Ural and Siberian federal districts. The largest of them are located in Kazan, Kirov, Yekaterinburg and Biysk.

The Volga and Ural federal districts are in second place in the production of woolen fabrics. The main enterprises are concentrated in the Tyumen, Sverdlovsk, Ulyanovsk and Penza regions.

In contrast to enterprises of the textile industry, enterprises of the clothing industry are located more evenly throughout the country. They are found in almost every region of the country, but there are the largest ones. These are such enterprises as "Corporation" Gloria-Jeans "with the production of goods in the amount of 1592 million rubles and" Donetsk Manufactory "with the production of goods in the amount of 181 million rubles, located in the Rostov region. Same, large enterprises the Pskov garment factory Slavyanka with the production of goods in the amount of 309 million rubles; "Grammer" with the production of goods in the amount of 178 million rubles, located in the Kaliningrad region; "Elegant" with a production of 136 million rubles, located in the Ulyanovsk region; the enterprise "Sinar" with the production of products in the amount of 127 million rubles, located in the Novosibirsk region and others.

3. Problems and prospects for the development of light industry in the Russian Federation

In 1999 and 2000, light industry enterprises used the created opportunities to expand import substitution, increasing the growth rate of production volumes up to 20% annually.

However, since 2001 in the light industry there has been a slowdown in the growth rate of production, and then its decline, the financial and economic indicators of the industry have worsened.

In order to understand what this is connected with, it is necessary to consider the problems of the development of light industry.

light industry industry russia

3.1 Characteristics of light industry. Assessment of the state and trends of its development

After the 1998 crisis, the growth rate of production of all types of fabrics compared to the previous year amounted to 20.9% in 2000, 12.7% in 2001, in 2003 it decreased to 3%, and in 2004 the growth rate was already negative value - 95.6 percent.

The greatest decline in growth rates for the period 2000-2004 occurred in industries that provide normal conditions for human life, namely: in the sewing, knitwear and footwear, the growth rate of output decreased in 2004 compared to 2000 by 29.5 to 9, respectively, and by 13.9 points.

And only, starting from the second half of 2005, the industry overcame the trend of falling production volumes and achieved good results in 2006.

But already in 2007 the trend of growth in production compared to previous years not only slowed down, but for certain assortment groups (fabrics, knitwear and footwear), the growth rate of output volumes had a negative value. This indicates an unstable and abrupt trend in the development of light industry, not only by year, but also by type of product, Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 Dynamics of growth rates of production volumes of the main types of light industry products.

In 2007, 2.7 billion m2 of fabrics were produced, which is 2.4% less than in the previous year. The volume of production of cotton fabrics decreased by 3.9% (the decrease was caused by the saturation of the market in bedding and a decrease in its production by 18.3%). The production of woolen fabrics decreased by 1.7% and the production of linen fabrics by 18.7% (the decrease is associated with a drop in demand for linen fabrics in the foreign market, about 75% of which was exported in the form of severity). Currently, the market situation has changed, the demand for fabrics with improved consumer properties and fashionable design has increased, the share of which in the range of products of the industry is still insignificant, which also influenced production volumes.

The volume of shipped goods in current prices for the period 2005-2007 increased by 1.3 times, for the nine months of 2008 - by 15.9% against the level of the corresponding period of 2007 and amounted to 128.7 billion rubles.

The dominant position in the commodity structure of goods sold is occupied by products of the textile industries (cotton, woolen, linen, silk, knitted, nonwovens, etc.), the share of which in the volume of shipped products amounted to 53.7%, and the share of garment, leather and fur products, footwear and other industries - 46.3 percent.

The dynamics of the growth rates of textile, clothing and fur production for the period 2006-2008 is clearly shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. Growth rates of textile, clothing and fur production

It should be noted that the growth in the production of a number of light industry goods in recent years is associated with the improvement of the taxation system, since the possibility of manufacturers moving to a simplified taxation system helped to get out of the “shadow”.

During the analyzed period, the structure of commodity output also improved, in the total volume of which the share of finished products for the population increased (clothing, knitwear and fur products, footwear), the volume of high-quality natural and artificial leather for footwear and leather goods increased, and new types of medical products appeared. , fig. 3.

Fig. 3 Structure of commodity output of light industry products in 2007-2008

A slight deterioration in the activity of light industry in 2008 is evidenced by an increase in the share of unprofitable enterprises (Table 1) and a low level of utilization of production capacities.

Table 1. The share of unprofitable enterprises in the activities of light industry

Share of unprofitable enterprises,%
Manufacturing industries	Textile, sewing and fur	Manufacture of leather, footwear and leather goods

The level of utilization of production facilities in the main industries is characterized by the following indicators:

- cotton - 70.1%, linen - 35.9%,

- wool - 33.0%, silk - 36.1%,

- knitted fabric - 51.0%, shoe - 54.0%

In the context of annual growth in production costs, underutilization of production capacities brings the industry losses and forms an irrational structure of its balance sheet, in which non-current assets occupy about 90 percent.

3.2 Problems of the development of light industry in the Russian Federation

The main reason for the crisis in the light industry is the technological backwardness of most enterprises, which leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of products. To get out of this situation, it is necessary to activate innovative activities, the main task of which is the introduction and use of the results of scientific research and development at enterprises. Analysis of the situation in the field of innovation has shown that the demand for basic scientific and technological achievements and technologies is quite low, which increases the technological backwardness of the industry. The innovation activity of enterprises is mainly constrained by the lack of financial resources; among other reasons, they distinguish too high costs for innovations and their long payback periods.

To enhance innovation, the following measures are required:

1. Improvement of the regulatory and legal system on the part of the state, in order to increase the innovative activity of the enterprise;

2. Economic support for enterprises involved in innovative activities;

3. Support for innovative activities at the regional level;

4. Development of international cooperation in the field of innovation.

To improve innovation, it is necessary to have research institutes.

3.3 Prospects for the development of light industry in the Russian Federation

Despite the existence of serious problems in the development of light industry, there are also promising areas of development.

Creation of a reliable base of domestic natural raw materials by increasing the gross yield of flax, as well as the release of flax from the production of technical products;

Replacement of a part of purchased cotton fiber for linen at the enterprises of the cotton industry due to the development of new technologies;

Development of export potential through the supply of flax, as well as high quality linen fabrics and finished products.

Also, for the future development of the industry, it is necessary to improve the quality of products and make them competitive in comparison with imported goods. This requires the modernization of production and the development of the scientific and technical industry. In the near future, it is advisable to develop already existing techniques and technologies in the direction of existing technological equipment, which allows more full use of domestic natural and chemical raw materials in order to expand the range, improve the quality and competitiveness of products.

1.Reduction of import customs duties on highly efficient technological equipment for light industry not produced in the Russian Federation;

2. optimization of customs duties on raw materials and materials used by light industry enterprises;

3.inclusion in the existing and developed federal target programs of the most important works aimed at the introduction of new technologies in the light industry

4. suppression of the illegal import of light industry goods into the territory of the Russian Federation and improvement of the mechanism for receiving and using humanitarian aid;

5. suppression of illegal production of light industry products

6. activation of work on the implementation of measures to improve the supply of raw materials for light industry "".

Also, state activities are aimed at supporting the export of products, as evidenced by the Concept for the development of state financial support for the export of industrial products, approved by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 14, 2003 No. 1493-r.

3.4 Draft strategy for the development of light industry in Russia for the period up to 2015

The strategy for the development of light industry in Russia for the period up to 2015 was developed in accordance with the instruction of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 3, 2008 No. Pr-1369 and the instruction of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 15, 2008 No. VP-P9-4244.

The Strategy is understood as a set of target functions, principles and decisions that are mutually linked in terms of tasks, implementation timelines and resources, which should be implemented in action plans and comprehensive measures of a regulatory, economic, scientific, technical and organizational nature, in innovative, regional and budgetary target programs, in separate projects.

Strategy:

- determines the goals, objectives, main directions of long-term socio-economic development of light industry, taking into account the challenges of the coming period, structural changes and ways of transforming it into a competitive and dynamically developing industrial complex, receptive to innovation;

- ensures the consistency of actions of executive and legislative authorities at various levels in making decisions on supporting the light industry at the state level in priority areas of development of the industry;

Serves as a conceptual basis for the development of small business in the industry, stimulating pilot projects and the most important state-significant investment projects for modernization and technical re-equipment in the field of production of high-tech, market-demanded new generation products based on the use of public-private partnership.

When developing the Strategy and measures, the following were taken into account:

National interests of Russia (improving the level and quality of life of the population, health of the nation, strategic and economic security of the state, ensuring high rates of industrial growth and creating potential for the future development of the Russian economy);

suggestions federal bodies executive power, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and business, expressed at the meeting of the Presidium of the State Council of the Russian Federation, held on June 20, 2008, on the issue of economic recovery in light industry, identifying ways and means of increasing its competitiveness in the market of consumer goods, technical textiles and strategic products; the most important legislative and regulationsdetermining the policy of the state in the light industry for the medium and long term.

Proposals of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, industry research institutes, public organizations and associations on the necessary measures to support the industry in priority areas and problematic issues;

Features of the light industry as an object of the expected impact and the starting conditions for its activities at the present stage to determine the targets for its development for the period up to 2015.

The following materials served as the basis for the development of the Strategy:

- goals, target indicators, priorities and main tasks of long-term state policy in the social sphere, in the field of science and technology, as well as structural transformations in the economy, provided for in the Concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2015 dated November 17, 2008 No. 1662-p;

- the main directions for the development of light industry, approved by the participants in the meeting of the Presidium of the State Council of the Russian Federation on June 20, 2008 (Ivanovo);

- regional Programs, concepts and clusters for the development of light industry, official sources of information;

- "Methodological recommendations for the development of strategies for the development of industries" (from 30.07.2004, MF-P13-4480).

The Strategy is based on the transition of the light industry to an innovative development model aimed at increasing its competitive advantages, increasing the output of high-quality products of a new generation. Particular attention is paid to the issues of protecting the domestic market from illegal circulation of goods, technical re-equipment and the development of industry science, import substitution and export, providing the industry with material and raw materials and professional personnel.

For the implementation of the Strategy, it is planned to use venture funds, an innovation fund, grants, own funds of enterprises, subsidies and budget financing of R&D, mega-projects and other innovative projects that provide competitive level industry, as well as investments by domestic and foreign investors, commercial banks and insurance companies.

The mechanism for solving problems and implementing the Strategy's activities is complex, systemic and strategically targeted and covers all types of light industry activities: from deep processing of raw materials to the production of finished goods and their promotion to sales markets.

The development of the Strategy was carried out by the method of program-targeted forecasting, the choice of which is due to:

- integrating goals, solving industry problems using systemic methods, minimizing risks and ensuring the feasibility of the Strategy's activities by harmonizing resources and tasks, avoiding duplication in their solution;

-combining economic and administrative levers of management, ensuring the implementation of the Strategy's activities in a timely manner.

As a result of the implementation of the Strategy, economic conditions will be created for an increase in the production of competitive products by 2015 to the level of 2008 by 3.8 times and an increase in exports by 4.2 times, the volume of which in 2015 will amount to about 3.5 billion US dollars.

The implementation of the Strategy measures will increase the competitiveness of Russian companies, strengthen their positions and win new segments in the domestic and foreign markets. The share of domestically produced products on the Russian market should be at least 50%. At least 80% of Russian light industry goods must be innovative and patent protection (trademark, utility model). This will help to ensure economic and environmental security, increase Russia's defense capability, develop regions, and create new jobs.

The strategy is intended to become one of the main instruments of state policy in solving problems of light industry and attracting investments for its effective development for the period up to 2015. It should interconnect the task of effective development of the most important sector of the Russian economy with meeting the needs of the country's citizens, law enforcement agencies and departments, related industries of the Russian industrial complex in high-quality and affordable consumer goods, in technical and strategic products.

Conclusion

Having analyzed the state of the industry, the following development directions can be proposed:

1) carrying out technological modernization of light industry enterprises and ensuring on this basis a stable innovative development industry;

2) ensuring deep processing of domestic raw materials, both natural (flax, wool, leather and fur) and chemical fibers and threads;

3) reduction of imports of raw materials from abroad;

4) legislative support for the sustainable position of domestic producers through state regulation.

5) ensuring the protection of the internal market from the competition of illegally imported products;

6) ensuring the protection of the internal market from the competition of low-quality products;

7) solving the problem of staffing, training and retraining of specialists.

The implementation of the main directions will increase the efficiency of the industry, ensure the transition to an innovative path of development, modernize enterprises, increase the competitiveness of manufactured products and the share of domestic goods in the Russian market, and expand the export opportunities of the light industry.

Expansion of the market for domestic goods in light industry will help improve the economic situation in the country, as well as increase the percentage of light industry in total production.

List of references

1. Andronova L.N., Gerasimenko O.A., Kapitsyn V.M. Ways to exit the textile industry from the crisis. // Problems of forecasting. 2008. No. 2.

2. Borisov A.S. About scientific, technical and innovative problems of light industry. // Industry of Russia. 2007. No. 8.

3. Zhivetin VV State and development prospects of textile and light industry. // Industry of Russia. 2008. No. 6.

4. Zhukov Yu.V. On state support for the export of industrial products. // Clothing industry. 2006. No. 6.

5. Zverev S.M., Smolnikova G.N., Yampolskaya N.Yu. The need for state management of quality and competitiveness of products. // Leather and footwear industry. 2008. No. 1.

6. Regional economy. Textbook for universities. / Ed. T.G. Morozova. M .: UNITI, 2006.

Appendix A

Light industry of the Irkutsk region.

The light industry of the region includes the organizations of OJSC "Sewing firm" ViD ", LLC PKF" Revtrud ", LLC" Bratsk sewing factory ", LLC" Telminskaya sewing factory ", LLC" Blik ", LLC" Spetsobuv ". The leather and footwear industry is represented by the Irkutsk tannery for the primary processing of leather, the Usolsk chromium plant, which supplies raw materials for the Irkutsk shoe factory (Angara firm), a factory for the manufacture of felted shoes.

In Irkutsk, there is a large factory of fur raw materials, where furs for primary processing are supplied from Siberia and the Far East.

Table 2. Dynamics of production in light industry of the Irkutsk region

Indicator name

Physical volume index,%
Industrial production volume, million rubles
Share in industry,%
Investments, RUB million
Number of enterprises, units
Number of employees, people
Average monthly salary, rubles

The volume of products shipped in 2005 amounted to 424.8 million rubles, the weighted average industrial production index in 2005 was 104%.

Main problems:

1. Annually increasing imports of light industry goods from the countries of South-East Asia, Germany and the CIS countries. At the same time, the growth rate of the import of goods outstrips the growth rate of production in the region.

2. Inefficient use of production capacity in some organizations (the percentage of utilization is no more than 50%).

3. Deterioration of technological equipment (its active part).

4. Low level of management.

5. Low wages.

6. Lack of opportunity for light industry organizations to receive long-term loans for 10 - 15 years to replenish working capital, technical re-equipment of production and release of competitive products.

7. Lack of textile mills in the region, the location of the main producers of raw materials and materials in the European part of the Russian Federation.

Today, the industry is characterized by a backward production base of specialized enterprises, weak competitiveness of domestic goods in terms of "price - quality - design", the reasons for which are:

- weak development of the Russian Fashion Industry, its lagging behind European and world trends by 2-3 years;

- high production costs due to the high cost of raw materials, dyes, TVA and accessories (a large share of which are imported from abroad) in the cost of production and high costs of energy, the prices of which are unreasonably growing at an extremely fast pace, Fig. 4.

Fig. 4 Industry average structure of production costs in light industry in 2007-2008,%

Table 3. The main tasks of the development of light industry in the region and ways to solve them

	Solutions
Implementation of highly effective business plans aimed at the release of competitive products, technical re-equipment of production, ensuring employment of the population of the region	1. In the manner prescribed by law, the provision of regional state support for investment projects implemented by light industry organizations, the placement of regional state orders.
	2. Creation of favorable conditions for the promotion of products of domestic manufacturers to the domestic and foreign markets.
	3. Ensuring the implementation of mutually beneficial trade between the organizations of the light industry of the region and other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the creation of joint organizations.
	4. Assistance in organizing the export of finished products, including to Mongolia, to expand sales markets.
	5. Assistance in the creation of an effective mechanism to suppress illegal imports, as well as control over compliance with the quality and certification of products imported into the Russian Federation.
	6. Assistance in the organization of specialized exhibition and fair events with the participation of domestic manufacturers.
	7. Assistance in the organization of education, training, retraining and advanced training of managers and specialists of enterprises in the industry

Measures to increase the output of competitive products, preserve jobs, increase wages, increase tax deductions are provided by organizations annually in the developed business plans (investment projects). At present, long-term investment projects have already been developed for the technical re-equipment of production at OJSC “Sewing Firm“ ViD ”, LLC“ Spetsobuv ”, LLC“ Blik ”. Mutual obligations between the regional administration and light industry organizations are enshrined in annual Agreements, the implementation of which ensures the solution of the tasks set for the current year.

Production growth in the light industry of the Irkutsk region.

In 2005, for the first time in the last five years, production growth was observed in the light industry of the Irkutsk region.

In the sectors "Textile and clothing production" (for large and medium-sized enterprises) the growth was 102%, in the "Production of leather, leather goods and footwear" - 111.9%. In Russia, these indicators were 97.8% and 98.5%, respectively. In the subjects of the Siberian Federal District: Krasnoyarsk Territory (95.2% and 91.9%), Kemerovo Region (58% and 63%), Novosibirsk Region (85.7% and 45.7%), Altai Territory (88.3 % and 83.6%). Positive results achieved thanks to the purposeful work of the department for the development of the industrial complex. More efficient use of regional budget funds has been ensured. As a result, 38 million rubles (48%) of those provided for in the regional budget for 2005 were allocated in the form of a regional state order at the regional light industry enterprises.

In 2004 this amount was 20 million rubles (27%).

In 2005, the regional budget provides 145 million rubles for the purchase of soft equipment. Most of these funds are planned to be directed in the form of government orders to light industry enterprises in the Angara region. This will increase the growth of production volumes and the development of light industry enterprises in our region.

At the same time, the department for the development of the industrial complex is completing work on the approval of the draft agreement between the regional administration and the regional light industry enterprises. Securing the relevant obligations in the agreement will ensure the efficient operation of enterprises, subject to mandatory state support. This will ensure this year the achievement of the industrial production index at the level of 105-107%, the preservation of four thousand jobs and an increase in tax payments up to 10%.

Posted on Allbest.ru

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