Leading company in the gas industry. The largest oil refineries in Russia The largest industrial enterprises of the oil industry

Increasingly, in the strategic plans for the development of our country, the government is focusing on the need to move away from the status of a “raw material power”. At the same time, the main focus is on the development of its own processing of raw materials and the establishment of production, and large industrial centers are attracting more and more attention.

We offer Top 10 largest industrial centers in Russia, compiled according to the Urbanica Institute for Spatial Planning.

10. Novokuznetsk

The volume of industrial production is 264 billion rubles.

There are ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises in the city, coal industry... Among the owners of the leading industrial facilities are Evraz Group, UMMC, Sibuglemet, Rusal.

9. Chelyabinsk

277.3 billion rubles.

The city is a recognized leader in Russia in the field of ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering and food industry at a high level. The enterprises of OAO Mechel, the Chelyabinsk Pipe-Rolling Plant group, the Cheboksary Electromechanical Plant, Coca-Cola, and the Russian Technologies State Corporation operate in Chelyabinsk.

8. Norilsk

RUB 312 billion

The life of this polar city is built around the activities of the leader in the field of non-ferrous metallurgy, MMC Norilsk Nickel.

7. Ufa

RUB 313.6 billion

The city received the status of a large industrial center thanks to the development of oil and gas processing, mechanical engineering, food and pharmaceutical industries. The owners of the leading enterprises are Bashneft OJSC, Russian Technologies State Corporation, Wimm-Bill-Dann, Pharmstandard.

6. Perm

331.3 billion rubles.

The city boasts significant successes in the fields of oil and gas refining, mechanical engineering, food and chemical industry... The leading industrial facilities are owned by OJSC Lukoil, GK Rostekhnologii and Roskosmos, Nestle, Henkel and others.

5. Omsk

348.4 billion rubles

The city has large enterprises operating in such industries as oil and gas refining, chemical and food industries, machine building. The main industrial facilities are owned by Gazprom Neft, Unilever, Wimm-Bill-Dann, Russian Technologies State Corporation and Roscosmos.

4. Nizhnevartovsk

481.6 billion rubles

It is one of the leading Russian centers for oil and gas production and processing. Industrial facilities of TNK-BP, Gazprom Neft, Russneft, Slavneft, SIBUR operate in the city.

3. Surgut

RUB 800.3 billion

A leader in the production and processing of oil and gas, the city also has large enterprises operating in the electricity, food processing and R&D industries. The main industrial facilities are owned by OJSC “Surgutneftegas”, OGK-2, OGK-4, SIBUR.

2. St. Petersburg

1282.7 billion rubles.

The northern capital has industrial facilities for the food and chemical industries, mechanical engineering, ferrous metallurgy, production of building materials, and research and development. The city has production facilities for Philip Morris International Inc., JTI, BAT, Kraft Foods, Procter & Gamble, United Shipbuilding Corporation, Russian Technologies, Toyota, Nissan, GM, HP, Rosatom State Corporation, Intel and many others.

1.Moscow

1895.2 billion rubles.

The largest enterprises in the capital operate in such industries as mechanical engineering, food and pharmaceutical industry, oil and gas processing, R&D. The main industrial facilities are owned by Roskosmos, Rosatom, Rostekhnologii, Sukhoi KB, Renault, United Technologies, Volvo, Wimm-Bill-Dann, United Confectioners, Kraft Foods, Coca-Cola, RusHydro, GlaxoSmithKline.

In Russia, oil is produced by 9 large vertically integrated oil companies (VICs) (Fig. 1). And also about 150 small and medium-sized mining companies. Vertically integrated oil companies account for about 90% of all oil production. The largest Russian gas producer Gazprom produces about 2.5% of oil. And the rest is mined by independent mining companies.

Vertical integration in the oil business is the unification of various links in the technological chain of production and processing of hydrocarbons ("from a well to a gas station"):

· Exploration of oil reserves, drilling and field development;

· Oil production and transportation;

· Oil refining and transportation of oil products;

Sales (marketing) of petroleum products

Figure 1 - Oil production by company and concentration of production in the oil industry in Russia in 2010

Table 1 - Oil and gas condensate production by the largest oil companies in Russia, million tons

Rosneft.

It is the leader of the Russian oil industry. The company's capitalization is about $ 94 billion (April 2011). Rosneft's proved reserves as of December 31, 2010 amounted to 22.765 billion barrels. oil equivalent. In terms of oil production, the company is not only a leader in Russia, but according to the results of January-September 2011, having overtaken the American ExxonMobil, it also became the world leader (88.6 million tons of oil were produced).

If we talk about the main indicators of the company's activity in 2011, then it should be noted that the business plan has been overfulfilled in a number of important areas:

- production of oil and gas condensate amounted to 122.5 million tons (2.5% more than in 2010);

- refining volume at refineries increased by 14.7% to 57.9 million tons;

- the license package increased by 21 licenses over the year;

- the total amount of capital investments amounted to 420 billion rubles. In the next 2-3 years, Rosneft may send a record 3-4 billion dollars a year to oil refining;

- net profit amounted to about 393.6 billion rubles. (+ 14.7% by 2010), etc.

Experts call an increase in oil production (first of all, the new Vankor field, just last year the field reached the planned production level of 15 million tons) and oil refining, an increase in the cost of "black gold", advantages in obtaining licenses for strategic fields (as a state company). In addition, the company is working closely with the Chinese, and at the very end of last summer reached an agreement on strategic cooperation with ExxonMobil on the Russian Arctic shelf. It is planned that ExxonMobil will initially cover the exploration costs ($ 2-4 billion). Rosneft will be able to enter ExxonMobil projects, including in the Gulf of Mexico and Texas, thus becoming the first russian companyproducing oil in the United States. And finally, the Ministry of Economic Development proposed to privatize up to 15% of Rosneft in 2012.

If we talk about the problematic aspects of the company in the past year, then it should be noted:

- significant dependence on the operation of one Yuganskneftegaz, and on the production of its largest field - Priobskoye (it gives about ¼ of all production of "Rosneft");

- key fields of the company have already entered the stage of declining production;

- serious problems with refinery modernization. Although Rosneft is the leader among companies in terms of the amount of money invested;

- unclear prospects for the shelf of the northern seas. Prospecting and exploration work in the region can take up to 7 years;

A longtime rival of Rosneft. The company's market capitalization is nearly $ 58 billion (April 2011). Its share in the world's total oil reserves is about 1.1%, and in global production - about 2.3%. LUKOIL accounts for 18.6% of all-Russian oil production and 18.9% of all-Russian oil refining. In terms of proven hydrocarbon reserves, LUKOIL was the world's third-largest private oil company as of January 1, 2011 (data from the company itself) - 17.255 billion barrels. oil equivalent.

LUKOIL continued to live according to the formula last year - production is declining, profits are growing:

- revenue for 9 months of 2011 increased as compared to the same period last year by 29.9% and amounted to 99,101 million dollars;

- net profit increased by 32.1% - up to 9,012 million dollars;

- net profitability was 9.1%.

The growth of LUKOIL's financial indicators last year can be explained in an utterly banal way - by the rise in world oil prices.

Experts draw attention to the stagnation of the company's production indicators:

- oil production in January-September 2011 fell by 5.5% - to 68,290 thousand tons, investors are seriously alarmed by the fact that the management is unable to stabilize production;

- the production of oil products decreased by 2.0% - to 46,960 thousand tons, etc.

The decline in oil production was caused by the depletion of the company's West Siberian fields, while they account for more than half of LUKOIL's oil reserves. As for building up the resource base, the problems of private companies (including LUKOIL) are related to the fact that state-owned companies get the promising fields. LUKOIL's hopes today are associated with projects in the Caspian Sea, as well as the Trebs and Titov fields. In any case, the company's capital investments last year significantly exceeded the level of 2010 - $ 8.5 billion.

The market capitalization of TNK-BP is about $ 50 billion. In terms of oil production, the company is one of the ten largest private oil companies in the world, is the main supplier to the Moscow retail market and is a leader in the Ukrainian market. TNK-BP's proved reserves as of December 31, 2010 were 8.794 billion barrels. n. e. The company has promised to invest $ 45 billion by 2020 in the development of oil production.

In 2011, there was a positive trend in all areas of its activities, which made this year the most successful in the history of TNK-BP:

- oil and gas production, excluding joint ventures, increased over 9 months of 2011 by 2.1% compared to the same period in 2010;

- the volume of oil refining amounted to 763 thousand barrels per day, it grew by 7%;

- net profit amounted to $ 6.8 billion, which is 75% (!) Higher than the same period in 2010;

- revenue increased by 38%, etc.

The fact that over 9 months of 2011 TNK-BP significantly increased its investment attractiveness and improved financial performance is explained not only by a favorable market situation, but also by an increase in its efficiency, as well as by the conclusion of important international transactions:

- TNK-BP is already working in Venezuela, within 3 years it plans to invest $ 180 million in Junin-6;

- acquired assets in Vietnam, participates in a tender for oil and gas blocks on the Vietnamese shelf. The company considers this country to be a very promising region for oil production;

- TNK-BP, along with Rosneft, has a high chance of winning the auctions for 12 oil and gas fields in Iraq. Their fate will be decided at the beginning of 2012. All this allows us to say that TNK-BP has every opportunity to become one of the most efficient international oil and gas companies.

Surgut NG.

Surgutneftegaz is the 4th oil company in Russia in terms of oil production. Among other things, this company is a leader in drilling. Its market capitalization is $ 37.5 billion (April 2011). The share of Surgut NG in Russian oil production over the past few years has grown from 11% to almost 13%. The company's recoverable oil and gas reserves amount to about 2.5 billion tons of oil equivalent. Key performance indicators:

- forecast for oil production in 2011 is 60.7 million tons, that is, growth will be 2%;

- the oil recovery factor of the company exceeds 0.4, while the average Russian level is 0.3. By the way, for Surgut NG, the most complete extraction of oil from the fields being developed is a strategic course;

- net profit for January-September 2011 increased 2.4 times - up to 197.537 billion rubles, frankly, a record profit;

- revenue increased by 50.7% and amounted to 641.531 billion rubles;

- the company's cash savings increased to 897 billion rubles.

But this company also has bottlenecks, experts note:

- strong dependence on the domestic market due to the insufficient capacity of its Kirishi refinery;

- relatively high prime cost of oil produced by Surgut NG due to high costs for drilling operations, etc.

Gazprom Neft. The company ranks 5th in Russia in terms of oil production. Currently, the capitalization of Gazprom Neft is about $ 20.2 billion. But the head of the company, Alexander Dyukov, believes that the company's shares are undervalued. In his opinion, capitalization should be at the level of $ 30 billion. Gazprom Neft's own proven oil reserves exceed 4 billion barrels, which allows the company to maintain existing production levels. It supplies to the Russian market almost 25% of high quality commercial products. Gazprom Neft occupies a leading position in retail fuel sales in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

Gazprom Neft is rightfully considered one of the country's fastest growing oil and gas companies. Last year it became the leader in terms of rating growth. In general, 2011 became a record year for her in all the main parameters:

- Gazprom Neft's hydrocarbon reserves should increase by at least 50 million tons;

- production increased by more than 7% - up to 57.2 million tons of oil equivalent. The company has set an ambitious goal of doubling its oil production by 2020;

- net profit in January-September 2011 increased by 64% (to 3.875 billion dollars), analysts, however, expected more - 4 billion dollars;

- revenue for the same period increased by 39% and amounted to $ 32.9 billion, etc.

The company's strong financial results were achieved thanks to an increase in oil production, an increase in refining volumes (last year the company's investments in refining amounted to $ 2 billion), as well as incentives for fields in Yamal. In addition, Gazprom is going to transfer oil licenses for 11 large fields to the balance sheet of Gazprom Neft, the first sign will be CJSC Gazprom Neft Orenburg, 61.8% of the authorized capital of which will be acquired by Gazprom Neft.

But, as analysts point out, for long-term prospects, companies need:

- additional resource base. The company plans to develop new fields in the Orenburg region. Last summer, Gazprom Neft signed an agreement with Shell on the possibility of joint work in the fields of Western Siberia, as well as in third countries;

- introduction of enhanced oil recovery technologies;

- development of sales channels for petroleum products, creation of its own network of bunkering terminals and expansion of the network of refueling complexes at Russian airports.

Tatneft.

The company ranks 6th in the country in terms of oil production. Its capitalization is $ 14 billion (April 2011).

The main production indicators of TATNEFT for 9 months of 2011 are as follows:

- produced 19.393 thousand tons of oil, which is 0.2% more than in the same period in 2010;

- net profit amounted to 47.8 billion.

Oil production in Russia

rubles, which is 1.8 times more;

- revenue reached 229.46 billion rubles, an increase of 25.3%.

But this company has a lot of problems, we will mention only a few of them:

- its resource base is one of the worst in the industry. Most of the company's fields are in the stage of declining production. For example, the largest deposit Romashkinskoye is 80% depleted;

- the cost of oil is very high. This means that if there is a drop in oil prices, the profit of Tatneft will decrease faster than that of other companies;

- Tatarstan oil is characterized by high density and high sulfur content. Prices for petroleum products from such raw materials (fuel oil, bitumen) are low. This requires additional costs for refining petroleum products. For example, for the processing of heavy oil, TATNEFT is building a large oil refinery complex in Nizhnekamsk (the TANECO project), it is predicted that the processing depth here will be 96.9%;

- suspended work in Syria due to anti-government protests. But she could already receive the first dividends from the Syrian project this year. The company faced a similar situation in Libya, where Tatneft's investments amounted to 265 million rubles, 14 wells were drilled. The company still hopes to return there in the first half of this year;

- I was going to sign a billion-dollar contract with Iran, from the point of view of oil reserves, this country is very promising and interesting for investors. But again bad luck. As you know, the United States and the European Union are going to impose oil sanctions on the purchase of Iranian oil.

Slavneft.

This company ranks 7th in the Russian Federation in terms of oil production. Its share in the total volume of oil produced in the country is about 3.6%. 98.95% of Slavneft shares are controlled on a parity basis by TNK-BP and Gazprom Neft. The volume of proved residual recoverable oil reserves as of December 31, 2010 was 216.8 million tons. For three quarters of 2011:

- the company's enterprises produced 13.5 million tons of oil, which means that the volume of oil production decreased by 1.8%;

- processing of hydrocarbons amounted to 18.3 million tons, an increase of 9.6%;

- net profit decreased by 28.7% to USD 122.052 million;

- net revenue increased by 30% to $ 4.120 billion

The main tasks of the company today are stabilizing the level of oil production, increasing the volume of processing of raw materials and modernizing the processing industry. For over 10 years, Slavneft has been engaged in the technical re-equipment of its main refinery, Slavneft-Yaroslavnefteorgsintez (YANOS), has already invested over $ 1.5 billion in the modernization of the refinery, and plans to invest more than $ 1.2 billion from 2011 to 2014. USD

Bashneft.

The company is recognized as one of the fastest growing oil companies in the world by Platts in terms of financial performance. Its capitalization in June 2011 amounted to $ 10.63 billion. Last year, Bashneft performed well on the whole:

- oil production for 9 months of last year amounted to 11,257 thousand tons, which is 7.3% higher than the same period in 2010. In general, the company demonstrates a steady growth in oil production, promises to increase it by more than 2 times in 10-15 years;

- net profit increased by 52.7% - up to $ 1309 billion;

- revenue amounted to $ 12.47 billion (+ 45.2% by 2010).

Such indicators of the company are explained not only by the increase in the cost of oil, but also by the increase in oil production, primarily due to the increase in the efficiency of drilling in the old sections, and also by the fact that its refineries are among the most modern in the country. It is no coincidence that Bashneft is the leader in terms of the depth of oil refining at its enterprises - 86.8%.

As for the company's weaknesses, experts point to:

- incomplete loading of its refinery;

- strong dependence on the supply of raw materials for native refineries from outside, since its own oil production is 1.5-2 times less than its refining;

- depletion of the company's deposits. Most of its fields in Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and the Orenburg region are in the phase of declining production. Their depletion is almost 85%, and the water cut, even more so, is about 90%. However, one cannot say that Bashneft is doing nothing. On the contrary. She is trying to increase the resource base at the expense of new fields in the Nenets Autonomous District, last year she received a license to develop the Trebs and Titov fields for 25 years. Their reserves, by the way, may amount to 63.4 million tons and 78.9 million tons, respectively. The purchase of the license allowed the company to increase its inventory by 30% overnight. The development cost is estimated at approximately $ 8 billion.

dollars. The first oil at the site is planned to be produced in 2014.

Financial research domestic enterprisesengaged in the production of oil and gas, refutes the widespread myth that the participation of the private sector in the management of a production company is effective. Thus, Gazprom and Rosneft did not even make it into the top five at the end of 2014. Consequently, the privatization of state structures oil and gas sector Russia does not always contribute to the improvement of the work of organizations.

Oil and gas sector: the form of ownership determines a lot

The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe apologists of the market economy, which is the priority of private management of mining, processing and transport enterprises, has failed once again. This is convincingly shown by the analysis economic activity leading organizations of the oil and gas sector of our country. As a result of last year, Rusneft and Slavneft, owned by private individuals, were in the last places in almost all main indicators, which is not surprising. Behind the nominal holders of shares are sometimes people who understand little about the specifics of the most important market for the country.

The leading positions that year are held by Tatneft, RITEK and NOVATEK. At the same time, one cannot fail to note a general decline in the industry average and an increase in the spread between the best and worst figures. To put it simply, cutting-edge oil and gas companies have become more efficient, while outsiders have widened the gap. Analysis of the activities of organizations in the fuel and energy complex allows us to assert with a high degree of confidence that the abyss will continue to grow. The indicators of the first half of 2015 confirm the emerging trend.

Oil and gas sector and vertical integration

According to RAS Corresponding Member Academician Alexander Andreev, the role of small enterprises in the structure of the state economy is impermissibly diminished. It is no secret that a reliable vertical of management concentrated in several large concerns does not at all contribute to the development of competition, although it strengthens Russia's position in the world market. In the conditions of explored deposits - and there are simply no new deposits left - there is no place for small business when carving up the sweet pie.

Alexander Andreev, and many experts agree with him, believes that it is time to change the strategy that has reigned until now, based on the concept of expediency of the rapid commissioning of large oil and gas fields. First, there are no such people anymore. Secondly, what is needed now is not large rental income, which the state needed like air for another ten years, but a purposeful policy aimed at the reconstruction and modernization of all enterprises.

Oil and Gas Sector of Russia: Waiting for New Technologies

The lag of the oil and gas sector enterprises in terms of technical equipment has become especially noticeable in recent years.

The dependence of extractive organizations and processing plants on imported technologies has become simply indecent for a country with a resource-based economy. About 70% of production facilities are at the same level of development as half a century ago; modernization is proceeding extremely slowly, which negatively affects the formation of prices for final products.

Where have you seen that oil produced in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is transported to oil refineries in China? There are many refineries around, but they are unable to cope with the proposed volumes or do not pull in terms of capacity and required quality of raw materials.

Oil companies

We need innovative equipment, an influx of new personnel capable of ensuring the level of oil and gas production and processing at the current level.

Fast and high-quality modernization is required

It is naive to hope for a quick end to the economic blockade and stabilization of the world oil and gas market in the near future. According to most experts, the difficult geopolitical situation in Europe, the conflicts in the Middle East, the collapse of statehood in Ukraine will be felt for a long time in the entire post-Soviet space. The world energy map is gradually changing, and India and China are becoming the main consumers of oil and gas.

Russia has excellent prospects to conquer this market, especially since there are free places. But this requires huge investments to modernize old equipment and purchase new technologies. Without this, it is unrealistic to increase the volume of oil produced. Unfortunately, the downward trend in the oil recovery factor is steadily declining, while in the USA, Norway, France this most important indicator of the efficiency of oil and gas enterprises is growing every year. It remains to wait for decisive and quick steps on the part of the state, because only private investments cannot be done.

Oil production in Russia: the past and present of the oil market

OIL PRODUCTION

Brief historical introduction

Since ancient times, humans have collected oil from the surface of the earth (and water). At the same time, oil found rather limited use. After the safe kerosene lamp was invented in the second half of the 19th century, the demand for oil increased dramatically. The development of industrial oil production by drilling wells to oil-saturated formations begins. With the discovery of electricity and the spread of electric lighting, the need for kerosene as a source of lighting began to decline. At this time, the internal combustion engine was invented and the rapid development of the automotive industry began. In the USA, the ancestor of mass production of cars, thanks to Henry Ford, in 1908 the production of an inexpensive Model T began at affordable prices. Cars, initially available only to the very wealthy, are being produced in increasing numbers. If in 1900 there were about 8 thousand cars in the USA, then by 1920 there were already 8.1 million. With the development of the automotive industry, the demand for gasoline and, as a result, the demand for oil increased rapidly. Until now, most of the oil is used to enable humans to move quickly (by land, by water, by air).

World oil production

V. N. Shchelkachev, analyzing in his book "Domestic and World Oil Production" the historical data of oil production volumes, proposed to divide the development of world oil production into two stages:
The first stage - from the very beginning until 1979, when the first relative maximum of oil production was reached (3235 million tons).
The second stage is from 1979 to the present.

It was noted that from 1920 to 1970, world oil production increased not only in almost every new year, but over the decades, production grew almost exponentially (almost doubled every 10 years). Since 1979, there has been a slowdown in the growth of world oil production. In the early 1980s, there was even a short-term decline in oil production. In the future, the growth in oil production resumes, but not as rapidly as in the first stage.

Dynamics of oil production in the world, million tons

Despite the drop in oil production in the early 80s and recurring crises, the overall world oil production is steadily growing. Average annual growth rates from 1970 to 2012 amounted to about 1.7%, and this figure is significantly less than the average annual growth rate of world GDP.

Did you know that ...

In world practice, oil production is measured in barrels. Historically, in Russia, mass units are used to measure production. Until 1917, it was poods, and now it is tons.

In Great Britain, as well as in Russia, tons are used to account for oil production. But in Canada and Norway, unlike all other countries, oil is measured in m3.

Oil production in Russia

Oil production in Russia has been growing steadily since the beginning of the 2000s, although recently the growth rate has slowed down, and in 2008 there was even a slight decline. Since 2010, oil production in Russia has surpassed the bar of 500 million tons per year and is confidently staying above this level, steadily increasing.

Oil production in Russia, million tons

According to BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2017

In 2016, despite talk of freezing production levels, a new record was set. 547 million tons of oil and gas condensate were produced, which is 1.3% higher than in 2015.

Oil industry of Russia

Russia is one of the largest players in the global energy market.

During 2000-2015. Russia's share in world oil production increased from 8.9% to 12.4%. Today it is one of the three countries that determine the dynamics of prices in the oil market (along with Saudi Arabia and the United States).

Russia is a key supplier of oil and oil products to European countries; increases oil supplies to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.

Russia's weighty share in the world oil market makes the country one of the leading participants in the global energy security system

Oil production in Russia is carried out by 8 large vertically integrated oil companies (VINK). And also about 150 small and medium-sized mining companies. Vertically integrated oil companies account for about 90% of all oil production. The largest Russian gas producer Gazprom produces about 2.5% of oil. And the rest is mined by independent mining companies.

• exploration of oil reserves, drilling and field development;
• oil production and transportation;
• oil refining and transportation of oil products;
• sales (marketing) of petroleum products

Vertical integration allows you to achieve the following competitive advantages:

• ensuring guaranteed conditions for the supply of raw materials and sales of products
• mitigation of risks associated with changes in market conditions
• reducing the cost of producing a unit of production

The oil production leaders in Russia are Rosneft and Lukoil.

Oil production by the largest companies in 2016, million tons

The process associated with oil production is quite complex, including time-consuming preparatory work, consisting of several stages. The preparatory stages include geological exploration, seismic exploration, well drilling, well testing and much more. Thus, in order to slightly facilitate the tasks of oil producing companies, there are now so-called oil service companies. The essence of their activities lies in the fact that such companies are engaged in the provision of various services related to drilling operations, as well as the extraction of minerals.

Their work includes:

• providing advice;
• seismic survey;
• drilling works;
• geophysical survey of the well;
• testing work;
• well cementing;
• organization of mechanized oil production and much more.

Thus, the profits of oil service companies are based on servicing the exploration and production of the main raw materials, which are oil and natural gas. These companies and their clients have a mutually beneficial relationship. According to the well-known Joseph Bennett (Tidewater company), this line of business follows the drillers - if the companies that carry out development and production do not start drilling, then the oil service companies also do not start their work. Thus, each country has its own specific oil service companies. So, in the United States, there are over several thousand companies that provide the above services. But despite this, only 91 of them are traded on stock exchanges.

The labor-intensive oilfield services industry offers a wide variety of services to provide all kinds of support. Thus, companies working in this area provide their services both on land and at sea. As a rule, they are used for exploration and production, as well as completion of well drilling, geological analysis and much more. In addition, the largest oilfield service companies also provide field modeling, monitoring and seismic forecasting services.

7 largest oil companies in Russia

The value of a company directly depends on the number of services it provides.

Thus, companies such as Schlumberger, Halliburton, McDermott and BJ Services are the most famous in the global oilfield services market. Schlumberger has built its leadership by providing a wide range of services. Mid-range players include Tidewater, Oceaneering International and Seacor Holdings. Their main activity is the supply of entire fleets of support vessels for offshore drilling rigs and platforms. They deliver various technological tools for drilling wells, transport work teams, towing rigs, install and remove anchors, and provide assistance during repairs and construction. Support services account for about 45% of the industry's profits. Another 35% of the income comes from drilling, and the rest of the profit comes from the production of equipment. Companies that provide oilfield services should expand by expanding their product portfolio, as well as by expanding the geography of their presence.

Oilfield service companies in Russia

Oilfield service companies in the Russian Federation were formed after non-core assets were removed from oil and gas production enterprises. Until recently, there was no oilfield services market in Russia. The provision of services in the oil industry as an independent industry was formed only in the last decades of the last century.

Up to this point, the provision of oilfield services fell on the shoulders of the divisions that were in the structure of oil companies. The service divisions were spun off due to the desire to reduce the cost of equipment maintenance, as well as the conduct of geological exploration. Thus, the involvement of third-party companies in order to organize the process aimed at the extraction of minerals has shown much greater efficiency than maintaining its own service divisions. This was the main reason why various enterprises began to form one after another, which provide services to oil companies.

It should be said that over a decade ago, some Russian players traded their oilfield services assets in order to increase competition. After all, competition is the main principle of the market. The service business as a part of the company had significantly lower efficiency and lower quality of work. Whereas competition forces independent service companies to conduct continuous work aimed at improving the quality of services provided. In addition, competition keeps such enterprises willing to cut rates. At the same time, oil companies get rid of the obligation to pay for the maintenance of facilities, long-term contracts can provide reliable conditions and a guarantee of work performance. Based on these considerations, in 2004 LUKOIL sold the LUKOIL-drilling division, resulting in the emergence of Eurasia Drilling Company (EDC), which has become the largest oilfield services business in Russia.

Two years ago, the American company Schlumberger had plans to acquire this Russian company, however, the deal did not materialize due to its freezing by the Russian authorities. Once again, it should be noted that Schlumberger, together with such global players as Halliburton, Baker Hughes, Weatherford, control the entire global oilfield services market. Moreover, each of these companies has its own specific specialization.

Gazprom Neft also decided to withdraw the service block from its structure. It happened in 2010, and the deal was completed a year later - in 2011. Bashneft sold its oilfield services and other non-core assets during 2012-2013.

Employees of Gazprom Neft share the same point of view and are not going to invest in the oil service business, with the exception of high-tech companies. Currently, over 200 oilfield service companies operate in the Russian Federation, which are divided into three main categories:

• affiliated with oil and gas companies;
• large service companies;
• medium and small service enterprises.

The Russian oilfield services market is estimated by experts at $ 30 billion.

oilfield service companies

The largest oil companies in Russia

In Russia, oil is produced by 9 large vertically integrated oil companies (VINK). And also about 150 small and medium-sized mining companies. Vertically integrated oil companies account for about 90% of all oil production. The largest Russian gas producer Gazprom produces about 2.5% of oil. And the rest is mined by independent mining companies.

Vertical integration in the oil business is the unification of various links in the technological chain of production and processing of hydrocarbons ("from a well to a gas station"):

— exploration of oil reserves, drilling and field development;

— oil production and transportation;

— oil refining and transportation of oil products;

— sales (marketing) of petroleum products

Vertical integration allows you to achieve the following competitive advantages:

Ensuring guaranteed conditions for the supply of raw materials and sales of products

Reducing risks associated with changes in the market environment

Reducing the cost of producing a unit of production

The oil production leaders in Russia are Rosneft and Lukoil.

Table No. 1.1.Oil and gas production by the largest oil companies of Russia, million tons

REFINING AND TRANSPORTATION OF OIL

Oil refining

At the exit of the well, crude oil has a very limited scope. Virtually all crude oil is distilled to produce products such as gasoline, jet fuel, fuel oil and industrial fuels.

At the dawn of the oil industry, refining was carried out with a primitive distillation apparatus, in which oil was brought to a boil, and then various products were condensed, depending on the temperature.

TOP-20 companies in the oil industry in Russia

This required little more skill than making moonshine, which is why whiskey makers entered the oil industry in the nineteenth century. Oil refining is now a large, complex, high-tech and expensive industrial complex.

Oil refining at a refinery includes the following main stages:

· Preparation of oil for refining;

· Primary oil refining;

· Secondary oil processing;

· Cleaning of petroleum products.

Oil preparation for processing consists in additional dehydration (up to 0.1% of water content) and desalting (salt content up to 3-4 mg / l) to reduce corrosion of process equipment and improve the quality of fuels and other oil products.

Raw oil Is a mixture of different hydrocarbons in different combinations. Each component has its own value, but only when it comes out of processing. Therefore, the first stage of oil refining is its separation into its constituent parts. This is achieved through high-temperature distillation - essentially heating. Different constituents evaporate at different temperatures and can then be condensed into separate "clean" streams. Some of these products are already out of the box ready for sale. Others are further processed to produce more expensive products.

In a simple distillation process, as a rule, it is reduced to removing foreign particles and making minor changes in chemical properties. In large processing complexes, a more complex transformation is carried out at the molecular level through chemical reactions. This process is called cracking or conversion. The result is an increase in the yield of higher quality products such as gasoline and a decrease in the yield of cheaper products such as fuel oil and asphalt.

Oil wells and the oil production complex in general are located in close proximity to oil fields, but, as a rule, directly above the oil field. Choosing a location for a refinery (refinery) requires a more comprehensive approach. When locating refineries, the proximity to sources of raw materials, main oil pipelines, potential consumers, as well as the availability of energy and labor resources are taken into account.

In Russia, the location of oil refineries took shape by the end of the 70s, in the 80s only one refinery was built - Achinsk. In 2002, the TANECO refinery was put into operation in Nizhnekamsk. The plant with a capacity of 7 million tons of oil per year was built to process heavy sulphurous oil from the fields of Tatarstan.

Today in Russia there are 27 large oil refineries (refineries), providing up to 98% of primary oil refining. The mini-refinery processes 2% of oil.

Average processing depth:

In Russia - 71.5%

In the USA - 95%

In Europe - 90%

The largest gas companies in the world

Despite the unstable market situation, most companies specializing in the production of gas and oil continue to develop rapidly. News agencies regularly rank the largest and most profitable industrial enterprises. Each gas company has its own history of development and specific activities.

We offer you to familiarize yourself with the list of the largest gas companies in the world:

1. Saudi Aramco. The company has been operating since the 30s in Saudi Arabia. A large enterprise is provided with the necessary technical means for oil and gas production, including its own air service with airports.
2. Gazprom. Russian enterprise is one of the largest in the world. It was founded in 1989 and began to develop rapidly in the early 90s. Most of the company's assets are owned by the state. Gazprom is a major gas supplier to many countries around the world.
3. National Iranian Oil Company. The oil company was founded in Iran at the beginning of the 20th century, but its rapid development began in the 50s. Since 1979, the company has been nationalized.
4. ExxonMobil. The industrial enterprise was founded in 1911 as a result of the disintegration of the Standard Oil Company, which was owned by John Davison Rockefeller.

   Oil and gas industry in Russia in figures and facts

   Large volumes of mined minerals have led to bad reputation enterprises due to its involvement in serious environmental disasters.

5. PetroChina. The nationalized Chinese company has been operating since 1999. Mineral extraction sites are located in Canada, Australia and Africa, so the company is actively developing.
6. Royal Dutch Shell. A large oil and gas company was created in 1907 as a result of the merger of several small firms. It focuses on the production of automotive oils, but its gas and oil production activities are just as successful.
7. Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex). It was nationalized in 1938 and generates large revenues for Mexico. The corporation has government support in the study of new deposits.
8. Chevron. The corporation began its existence in 1879 in California. It got its current name thanks to the merger with the company of the same name in 2001. The corporation's representative offices are located in 180 countries of the world. The main activity is oil production.
9. Kuwait Petrol Corporation. The corporation was founded in 1934 in Kuwait and nationalized in 1980. The company has large production facilities that are constantly expanding. This ensures high volumes of gas and oil production and increased profits.

After reviewing the listed corporations, we can conclude that gas and other minerals are being extracted in large volumes using modern production facilities. Despite the intense competition, large companies are actively developing and operating profitably.

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In the list of 20 largest enterprises in Russia, almost half are oil companies. The largest companies in terms of profit: Gazprom, Rosneft, Surgutneftegaz, Lukoil, Tatneft, Rusneft, NOVATEK.

The oil and gas industry in our country is the main source of income for the state budget. Short review shows that the largest oil companies in Russia are operating profitably, despite the fall in world prices for hydrocarbons. The list was compiled on the basis of data from Expert RA (RAEX), the rating is based on the amount of net profit for 2015 (Fig. 1).

1. PJSC "Gazprom"

• Legal address:Russia, Moscow ("Gazprom Neft" - St. Petersburg)
• Information about the owners.The Russian Federation owns a controlling stake - 50.2% of the global energy company, including 95.7% of the shares of the subsidiary Gazprom Neft. In American depositary receipts - 27.7%, and other persons - 22%.
• Capitalization -$ 44 billion as of December 2015 (MICEX - Moscow International Currency Exchange).

Gazprom produces 72% of gas in Russia, and its share in world production is 11%. It takes 1st place in the world in terms of reserves. Possesses a monopoly on the export of pipeline gas. Gazprom Neft ranks 4th in terms of production of liquid hydrocarbons and is one of the three leaders in terms of refining volumes. Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov was involved in the consolidation of Gazprom's assets, thanks to whom in 2007 the company entered the list of the 100 largest companies in the world.

2. PJSC "Surgutneftegas"

• Legal address:Russia, KhMAO, city of Surgut
• Information about the owners.Information about beneficial owners is not directly disclosed. There is information in indirect sources that the bulk belongs to General Director Vladimir Bogdanov, but he never officially confirmed it. In the list of affiliates, he has only 0.3% of the shares.
• Capitalization -$ 18.2 billion as of 12/31/2016 (LSE - London Stock Exchange).

The company is engaged in oil and gas production in Western and Eastern Siberia, on the Timan-Pechora ridge (67 fields in total). She is known for keeping most of her profits on deposits (at the end of 2014 - about 2 trillion rubles). Surgutneftegaz is not interested in the growth of shares and pays very small dividends. He invests in non-core assets, is the owner of the UTair air carrier (75%).

3. PJSC "NK" Rosneft "

• Legal address:Russia Moscow
• Information about the owners. As of December 2016, 50.1% are owned by the Russian Federation (OJSC Rosneftegaz); 19.75% - British BP; 19.5 - to a joint consortium (Switzerland, Qatar); 7.5% - circulated in the form of global depository notes.
• Capitalization -$ 57.6 billion as of December 31, 2016 (MICEX).

Rosneft was included in the list of large oil companies in Russia after the purchase of TNK-BP (2012), one of the main owners of which was Mikhail Fridman. For new assets, $ 54 billion was paid, and after 4 years the full value of Rosneft dropped to this figure. In October 2015, as part of privatization, it acquired a 50.08% stake in NK Bashneft (state-owned stake), which in 2015 ranked first in terms of production growth (+ 11%).

4. PJSC "Oil Company" LUKOIL "

• Legal address:Russia Moscow
• Information about the owners. For 2015, the company's managers have consolidated more than 50% of the shares. The largest stake belongs to President Vagit Alekperov - 22.96%, Vice President Leonid Fedun - 9.78%. Subsidiary Lukoil Investments Cyprus Ltd. owns 16.18%, the rest are in free circulation.
• Capitalization -$ 35.5 billion as of December 31, 2015 (LSE).

In the structure over 45 subsidiaries on the territory of almost 20 countries, including Iraq, Egypt, Iran, South America and Europe. In 2009, by order of the FAS, it paid 6.5 billion rubles in fines for actions that led to an increase in wholesale prices for gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuel. In 2012, at the auction for the right to develop fields in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District, the company paid almost 51 billion rubles, beating major competitors: Gazprom and Rosneft.

5. PJSC TATNEFT named after V.D. Shashina

• Legal address:Russia, Republic of Tatarstan, city of Almetyevsk
• Information about the owners. The largest owner is the Government of Tatarstan - 35.9%, the Ministry of Land Property of the Republic of Tatarstan - 30.44%, Russian citizens own about 9% of the shares, 5% is owned by Taif LLC (controls over 95% of petrochemistry and oil refining of Tatar oil).
• Capitalization -$ 9.8 billion as of 12/31/2015 (according to the company).

The main resource base of the company is located in Tatarstan. Outside the republic (Syria, Libya), less than 1% of the volume was mined in 2015. TATNEFT is actively developing refining facilities. Over the period from 2010 to 2015, the share of refining to production increased from 0.8% to 34.1%. The Nizhnekamsk tire plant, owned by the company, provides 72% of the total volume of all-steel tires produced in Russia.

6. PJSC NK "RussNeft"

• Legal address:Russia Moscow
• Information about the owners. According to the company, as of November 2016, 60% of the shares belong to Mikhail Gutseriev and his family, 25% are owned by the Swiss trader Glencore and 15% are in free float, traded on the MICEX.
• Capitalization -$ 2.5 billion as of November 25, 2016 (MICEX).

RussNeft is the only oil company in Russia, which was established in 2002, having nothing to do with privatization, but by consolidating the assets of a number of small enterprises. From 2006 to 2010, she was persecuted by the FAS. In November 2016, she conducted an IPO on the Moscow Stock Exchange, placing 20% \u200b\u200bof the shares, and raised about $ 500 million. She is working on deposits in the Volga region, Orenburg region, Azerbaijan, in Western Siberia (123 licenses in total).

7. PJSC "Novatek"

• Legal address:Russia Moscow
• Information about the owners. The founder of the company, Leonid Mikhelson, owns a 24.8% stake, 23.5% - oil trader Gennady Timchenko, Gazprom - 10%, 15% - Total E&P Arctic Russia.
• Capitalization -$ 28 billion as of April 22, 2016 (LSE).

The company has 36 licenses for gas fields in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, and is one of the 5 largest companies in the world in terms of gas reserves. Currently, she is implementing a global project to build a plant for the production of liquefied gas, from where it will be sent to China, Korea and Japan. A cargo port is also being built there. The construction of the complex employs about 22 thousand builders and 3.6 thousand units of equipment.

In 2015, almost all of the largest oil companies in Russia showed a decrease in net profit. Exceptions: Gazprom and Novatek: they have grown many times over.

Fuel resources provide energy not only to the entire industry of any country in the world, but also to practically all spheres of human life. The most important part of Russia is the oil and gas sector.

The oil and gas industry is a generalized name for a complex of industrial enterprises for the extraction, transportation, processing and distribution of the final products of oil and gas processing. This is one of the most powerful industries in the Russian Federation, largely shaping the budget and balance of payments of the country, providing foreign exchange earnings and maintaining the national currency.

The history of development

The beginning of the formation of the oil field into the industrial industry is considered to be 1859, when mechanical drilling was first used in the United States. Now almost all oil is produced through wells with only a difference in the efficiency of production. In Russia, the extraction of oil from drilled wells began in 1864 in the Kuban. The production debit at that time was 190 tons per day. In order to increase profits, much attention was paid to the mechanization of extraction, and already at the beginning of the 20th century, Russia took a leading position in oil production.

The first major areas for oil extraction in Soviet Russia were the North Caucasus (Maikop, Grozny) and Baku (Azerbaijan). These depleting older deposits did not meet the needs of the growing industry, and significant efforts were made to discover new deposits. As a result, several fields were put into operation in Central Asia, Bashkiria, Perm and Kuibyshev regions, the so-called Volga-Ural base was created.

The volume of oil produced reached 31 million tons. In the 60s, the amount of black gold mined increased to 148 million tons, of which 71% was in the Volga-Ural region. In the 70s, deposits of the West Siberian basin were discovered and put into operation. With oil exploration, a large number of gas deposits have been discovered.

The importance of the oil and gas industry for the Russian economy

The oil and gas industry has a significant impact on the Russian economy. Currently, it is the basis for budgeting and ensuring the functioning of many other sectors of the economy. The value of the national currency largely depends on world oil prices. The carbon energy resources produced in the Russian Federation make it possible to fully satisfy the domestic demand for fuel, ensure the country's energy security, and also make a significant contribution to the world energy resource economy.

The Russian Federation has a huge hydrocarbon potential. The oil and gas industry of Russia is one of the leading in the world, fully satisfies the domestic current and future needs for oil, products of their processing. A significant amount of hydrocarbon resources and their products are exported, providing replenishment of the foreign exchange reserve. Russia ranks second in the world in terms of liquid hydrocarbon reserves, with a share of about 10%. Oil reserves have been explored and developed in the depths of 35 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Oil and gas industry: structure

There are several structural basic processes that make up the oil and gas industry: oil and gas production, transportation and processing industries.

• Extraction of hydrocarbons is a complex process that includes exploration of fields, drilling of wells, direct production and primary treatment of water, sulfur and other impurities. The production and pumping of oil and gas to the commercial metering unit is carried out by enterprises or structural divisions, the infrastructure of which includes booster and cluster pumping stations, water discharge units and oil pipelines.
• Transportation of oil and gas from production sites to metering stations, to refineries and to the final consumer is carried out using pipeline, water, road and rail transport. and trunk lines) are the most economical way of transporting hydrocarbons, despite the very expensive construction and maintenance. Oil and gas are transported by pipeline transport over long distances, including different continents. Transportation by waterways using tankers and barges with a displacement of up to 320 thousand tons is carried out in intercity and international routes. Rail and trucks can also be used to transport crude oil over long distances, but are most cost effective on relatively short routes.
• The processing of crude hydrocarbon energy carriers is carried out with the aim of obtaining various types of petroleum products. First of all, it is different types fuel and raw materials for subsequent chemical processing. The process is carried out at the refineries of the refinery. The final products of processing, depending on the chemical composition, are subdivided into different brands. The final stage of production is mixing the various components obtained in order to obtain the required composition corresponding to a certain

Deposits of the RF

The oil and gas industry in Russia includes 2,352 developed oil fields. The largest oil and gas region in Russia is Western Siberia, accounting for 60% of all black gold mined. A significant part of oil and gas is produced in the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. Production volume in other regions of the Russian Federation:

• Volga-Ural base - 22%.
• Eastern Siberia - 12%.
• Northern fields - 5%.
• Caucasus - 1%.

The share of Western Siberia in natural gas production reaches almost 90%. The largest deposits (about 10 trillion cubic meters) are in the Urengoyskoye field in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Gas production in other regions of the Russian Federation:

• Far East - 4.3%.
• Volgo-Ural deposits - 3.5%.
• Yakutia and Eastern Siberia - 2.8%.
• Caucasus - 2.1%.

and gas

The challenge of refining is to turn crude oil and gas into marketable products. Refined petroleum products include heating oil, gasoline for vehicles, jet fuel, diesel fuel. The refining process includes distillation, vacuum distillation, catalytic reforming, cracking, alkylation, isomerization, and hydrotreating.

Natural gas processing includes compression, amine purification, glycol dehydration. The fractionation process involves the separation of the liquefied natural gas stream into its constituent parts: ethane, propane, butane, isobutane and gasoline.

The largest companies in Russia

Initially, all the largest oil and gas fields were developed exclusively by the state. Today these objects are available for use by private companies. In total, the oil and gas industry in Russia has more than 15 large production enterprises, including the well-known Gazprom, Rosneft, Lukoil, Surgutneftegaz.

The oil and gas industry in the world allows solving important economic, political and social problems. With a favorable situation on the world energy markets, many oil and gas suppliers, using export earnings, make significant investments in the national economy and demonstrate exceptional growth dynamics. The most vivid examples can be considered the countries of South-West Asia, as well as Norway, which, with low industrial development, thanks to its hydrocarbon reserves, has become one of the most prosperous countries in Europe.

Development prospects

The oil and gas industry of the Russian Federation largely depends on the market behavior of its main competitors in production: Saudi Arabia and the United States. By itself, the total amount of hydrocarbons produced does not determine world prices. The dominant indicator is the percentage of production in a given oil power. The cost of production in different leading countries in production varies significantly: the lowest in the Middle East, the highest in the United States. With an imbalance in the volume of oil production, prices can change both in one direction and in the other direction.

1. Lukoil

Revenue 4,740.2 billion rubles. (US GAAP)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Vagit Alekperov

Number of staff: 110 300

Net debt: 406.3 billion rubles

Net profit: 181.96 billion rubles

Capitalization: $ 30.5 billion

Oil and gas

In the mid-2000s, Lukoil was the largest oil company in Russia in terms of production, after the defeat of Yukos, Vagit Alekperov's company held the lead for two years, but when most of the bankrupt's assets were bought by the state-owned Rosneft, Lukoil became the second. Among the private oil and gas companies in the world, Lukoil ranks first in proven oil reserves (1% of the world's hydrocarbon reserves) and second in production (over 2% of world production). The main resource base is Western Siberia, recently Lukoil began production at the Imilorskoye field, one of the largest in the region. In total, in 2014 Lukoil discovered 14 new fields, which was the best result of the company over the past 10 years. Lukoil was in many ways a pioneer in the Russian oil industry. He was the first to start working on the shelf, having implemented large projects in the Caspian, Baltic and Barents Seas. By the decision of the government from 2008, only Rosneft and Gazprom were allowed to develop new fields on the shelf. Since then, Lukoil has been lobbying for a revision of this norm. In 2015, Rosneft and Lukoil clashed in a fierce battle for the onshore part of the Vostochno-Taimyr shelf area. In August, Rosneft began to dispute the results of the tender in which Lukoil won through the courts. So far, the court has blocked the transfer of the license to Lukoil. The disputed area is partially located on land, partially captures transit waters and partially goes to the shelf.

Lukoil, along with other domestic companies, suffered from sectoral sanctions, and projects on the shale oil fields of the Bazhenov suite were hit. After the suspension of cooperation with the French Total, Lukoil had to continue working on its own.

Lukoil was the first Russian company to go abroad. About a third of capital expenditures now fall on foreign projects, which the company implements in more than 40 countries around the world. The company faced difficulties outside of Russia, at the end of 2014 Lukoil recognized a $ 104 million impairment loss in Ukraine, and in July 2015, the Romanian prosecutor's office opened proceedings against six top managers of Petrotel Lukoil subsidiaries (owns a refinery in Romania ) and Lukoil Europe Holdings, accusing them of financial fraud and damaging the country's economy. The Romanian court on the suit of the prosecutor's office seized the property and accounts of Lukoil for a total of about € 2 billion. Lukoil came to Romania in 1998. The plant's capacity is 2.4 million tons, the company provides about 1000 jobs and is one of the largest in the region. Lukoil has been present in Europe for 17 years. There are four refineries and a network of filling stations in the EU countries. The total amount of European assets is estimated at $ 9 billion.

2. Surgutneftegaz

Revenue 890.57 billion rubles. (IFRS)

Headquarters: Surgut

General Director: Vladimir Bogdanov

Number of staff: 115,507

Net debt: minus RUB 1.9 trillion

Net profit: 884.8 billion rubles

Capitalization: 1.5 trillion rubles.

Oil and gas

RUB 400 billion the amount of deposits in bank accounts of Surgutneftegas exceeds its capitalization by that much

Surgutneftegaz is one of the largest Russian vertically integrated oil and gas companies, ranking third in terms of production in Russia (61.4 million tons). It accounts for about 12% of oil production and about 7% of refining volumes. According to the company's estimates, recoverable oil and gas reserves amount to about 2.5 billion tonnes of oil equivalent. Surgutneftegaz is the most closed and conservative company in the domestic oil and gas industry. She does not disclose the final ownership structure. OJSC “Surgutneftegas” was founded in 1993 on the basis of the property complex of the production association of the same name. In 2002, investors learned from the US GAAP report that the company had about 40% of its Treasury shares on its balance sheet. This was followed by a series of proceedings: minority shareholders demanded that the treasury package, as required by law, be canceled. This was not achieved, and next time the company reported according to international standards only for 2012 - after the entry into force of the law obliging Russian public companies to publish financial statements in accordance with IFRS.

The owners of the controlling block of shares can hide behind several dozen related legal entities (financial investments in the shares of an oil company on their balance sheets change from year to year in proportion to the value of Surgut's securities). At least some of them were established by decisions of the board of directors of Surgutneftegaz itself (Forbes had the opportunity to study these documents), but who owns these structures now is unclear. Secrets of "Surgut" are guarded by the general director Vladimir Bogdanov, who has been heading the company since 1984, when it was still a Soviet production association.

Surgutneftegaz is one of the richest Russian companies, with about $ 32 billion in bank accounts (mostly in dollars). The company sells $ 1.5 billion of currencies monthly to pay off contractors. Over the past year, the amount of funds on deposits increased by 45%, to 1.9 trillion rubles, and the amount of interest received on deposits amounted to 58.3 billion rubles. Due to the revaluation of foreign currency assets, the net profit of Surgutneftegaz (according to IFRS) grew almost 3.2 times, to 884.8 billion rubles. The company has no debt, and Surgut is in no hurry to spend its trillion-dollar reserve. At the annual meeting of shareholders, Bogdanov said that the company had no purchase plans. Surgutneftegaz is one of the most generous in the industry. Typically, it pays shareholders about 20% of RAS net income. The total amount of dividend payments in 2014 amounted to 86 billion rubles - twice as much as in the previous year.

3. Magnet

Revenue 763.5 billion rubles. (IFRS)

Headquarters: Krasnodar

CEO: Sergey Galitsky

Number of staff: 257,551

Net profit: 47.7 billion rubles

EBITDA: 85.9 billion rubles.

Net margin: 6.25%

Capitalization: $ 22.6 billion (LSE)

Trade

479 million people - growth in the number of buyers of Magnit in 2014

“Sorry for another ugly game,” billionaire Sergei Galitsky wrote on Twitter after the match between the Krasnodar football club he created in 2008 and Kuban, which ended in a draw. In the microblog, the founder and general director of Magnit personally commented on the sensational death of the blockade woman, who was detained by the guards of a store in Kronstadt, accusing her of stealing oil. The old woman died at the police station on February 3, this story made a lot of noise. But it practically did not affect the interest in the shares of "Magnit" - two days later Sergei Galitsky sold 1% of the chain's shares (1 million units) for 9.8 billion rubles, 20% of the placement was bought by Russian investors.

The financial statements for 2014 are impressive. For the retailer, whose stores, according to Knight Frank's research, are the most budget-friendly in Moscow, the worsening economic environment means an influx of customers. At the end of 2014, traffic in the chain stores as a whole (Magnit has four different formats) grew by 4.47%.

The company's revenue during the year increased by 31.71%, which is associated not only with an increase in retail space, but also with an increase in like-for-like sales by 14.47% (including VAT). The total area increased by 19.24% to 3.6 million sq. m (1618 new stores were opened in 2014).

Magnit is the market leader not only in terms of the number of stores and revenue, but also in terms of efficiency. The company continues to improve its logistics - five new distribution centers (27 in total) were opened during the year, the vehicle fleet has grown by 361 vehicles (5938 in total). 86% of goods enter stores through their own distribution centers, which provides the company with a high gross margin for the industry - 28.88%.

In the summer of 2015, Magnit became the only Russian company in the rating of the most innovative companies in the world, compiled by the American Forbes. The method of assessing innovativeness relies on the flair of investors who choose business models that can sustainably increase profits in the future. In the case of Magnit, the “innovation premium” - the difference between capitalization and discounted cash flow from the existing business - is 57.9% (the retailer ranked 23rd in the rating; the leader in the list, Tesla - 84.82%).

Galitskiy applies innovations not only in retail. The stadium under construction FC Krasnodar is covered with a roof of a special cable-stayed structure, and the spectator stands are equipped with an infrared heating system. The construction, which started in 2013, requires a lot of money.

Galitsky did not comment on why he sold the shares in May. The company explained that the proceeds will be used to “finance the investment project”. Most likely, just for the completion of the stadium for 33,000 spectators. According to the plan, the first game on it should take place in October 2015.

4. Vimpelcom

Revenue 757.6 billion rubles. (IFRS)

Headquarters: Amsterdam

CEO: Jean-Yves Charlier

Number of staff: 56,024

EBITDA: 307.6 billion rubles.

Net loss: RUB 26.8 billion

Capitalization: $ 8.3 billion (NASDAQ)

Telecommunications

63% drop in Vimpelсom shares on the NASDAQ exchange since the beginning of 2014

Vimpelcom unites telecom operators in 14 countries. The company has the largest number of subscribers in Russia - 57.2 million people, followed by Pakistan (38.5 million) and Bangladesh (30.2 million) in second and third places in terms of the number of subscribers. The total number of subscribers is 222 million, an increase compared to 2013 was 2.3%, which is less than in 2013, then the increase was 3.8%.

In April 2015, Vimpelcom, which has been controlled by Mikhail Fridman's Alfa Group since the beginning of the 2000s (owns 56.2%), changed its chief executive officer - Jean-Yves Charlier took this post instead of Joe Lunder. Lunder has headed Vimpelcom since 2011, and has been with the company since 1999. The second major shareholder, Norwegian Telenor (owns about 33%), was dissatisfied with the operating and financial results of Vimpelcom. However, representatives of Vimpelcom stated that Lunder left of his own free will and this is not related to the situation in the company. Jean-Yves Charlier is also a man from the telecommunications industry, he previously headed the second largest telecom operator in France SFR.

The majority of Vimpelcom's revenue comes from Russia, but the Russian subsidiary has recently been a problem asset: revenue has been falling every quarter, the gap with the other two largest telecom operators, MTS and Megafon, has been growing in terms of subscribers. However, at the end of 2014, the situation was finally stabilized - revenue did not fall in the last quarter and the first quarter of 2015, although at the end of 2014 it decreased by 3%, to 282 billion rubles. At the same time, analysts consider even the zero growth of the Russian VimpelCom to be a positive trend.

In 2014, the revenues of the Russian VimpelCom from mobile Internet services grew by 20%, to 38 billion rubles, while revenues from voice communications - only by 16%. The company's report says that the volume of traffic per subscriber in Russia has doubled in a year. However, according to this indicator, Russia is only in second place - Italy is in the lead.

As in the previous year, in 2014 Vimpelcom reduced its staff: the number of employees decreased by 1,818 people, or 3.1%. Most of the cuts affected the countries of Africa and Asia - there the staff decreased by 1,843 people, while in Russia the number of employees, on the contrary, increased by more than 1,000 people.

5. X5 Retail Group

Revenue 633.9 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

Chief Executive Officer: Stéphane Ducharme

Number of staff: 117 400

Net debt: 105.4 billion rubles

Net profit: 12.7 billion rubles

EBITDA: 45.9 billion rubles.

Capitalization: $ 4.5 billion (LSE)

Trade

5% of the company's revenue came from products that were embargoed in August 2014

Frenchman Stephane Ducharme, who has headed X5 since 2013, learned Russian back in the early 1990s while working for the EBRD. At the same time, he first plunged into the study of the business plan of Mikhail Fridman's retail network: in 1994, the newly created Perekrestok received a loan of $ 40 million from the EBRD. He received an offer to lead a retail project when X5, which now includes Pyaterochka ( 69% of the group's total revenue), Perekrestok (18% of revenue), Karusel (11%) and Perekrestok-Express (2%), experienced management problems, losing profit, customers and leadership positions in the market. Ducharme immediately began transformations. As a result, in 2014, retail sales grew by 18.6% - the highest growth rate over the past five years.

During the year, 460 Pyaterochka stores were reconstructed according to new standards; after the opening, comparable sales for each grew by an average of 25.5%. Pyaterochka's growth rates were also record high: the number of stores increased by 23% over the year (there are 4,789 in total), and retail space grew by 24%.

The "Crossroads" and "Carousel" also changed. Renewal of hypermarkets - interiors, navigation, assortment, employee motivation - gave good dynamics: sales growth after opening to the previous year from 14% to 84%, an increase in the number of visits - from 8% to 51%. In general for the company, the growth of attendance in comparison with 2013 was 10%. The restructuring of the logistics system is underway. To improve the quality of service, distribution centers are now divided into formats: some work for discounters, others for supermarkets with hypermarkets.

In 2015, the company bought five regional companies, which will significantly increase the number of stores: in one August deal alone, X5 acquired 104 stores of the Rosinka group of companies in the Oryol, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Kursk and Tambov regions. In addition, since August 2014, Voentorg-Pyaterochka stores have been opening in military townships together with Voentorg. And in March 2015, an agreement was signed with Rostelecom on the redevelopment of real estate vacated due to the development of new communication technologies - in total, Pyaterochka will receive about 300 premises for long-term lease. But they had to leave Ukraine - at the end of March 2014, X5 closed all the "Crossroads" in this country (out of 13 supermarkets it owned only one).

If in 2013 Stephane Ducharme received as a bonus an amount equal to the annual salary: 42 million rubles, then by the end of 2014 his cash bonus amounted to 108 million rubles.

6. Group of companies Megapolis

Revenue 507 billion rubles. (IFRS)

President: Alexey Koldunov

Number of staff: 15,352

Net profit: RUB 13 billion

Trade

For 40 thousand. the number of retail outlets with which the company works directly decreased in 2014

The largest wholesaler of tobacco products in Russia under exclusive contracts with Japan Tobacco International, Philip Morris International, Imperial Tobacco Group. In addition, under a long-term distribution agreement, he sells the products of Baltika Brewing Company, contracts have been signed with major producers of coffee and tea, Red Bull energy drinks. 92.2% of the group's turnover falls on cigarettes, 5.6% - on beer. Megapolis owners Igor Kesaev and his former teacher at MGIMO Sergei Katsiev began selling cigarettes in the early 1990s and quickly propelled the company into a leading position.

In 2011, Megapolis was planning an IPO, but due to the growing campaign to combat tobacco smoking (increased excise taxes on cigarettes, a ban on the sale of tobacco products in kiosks and stalls), entry to the public market was delayed.

At the end of 2013, the tobacco business of Igor Kesaev and Sergey Katsiev was valued at the international level - tobacco giants Japan Tobacco Inc (JTI) and Philip Morris International (PMI) announced the purchase of 40% of Megapolis Group for $ 1.5 billion - the whole company was valued at $ 3.75 billion

Four years ago, the company began buying up Ukrainian tobacco distributors and within three years, in fact, became a monopolist in the sale of tobacco products in Ukraine. After the change of power in Kiev, the Ukrainian media accused the Russian company of using a monopoly position, which led to a significant increase in prices for tobacco products, an increase in smuggling and counterfeit goods. One of the top managers of Megapolis, in an interview with Forbes, admitted that the situation with business in Ukraine was tense, but after a series of negotiations on the ground, everything was stabilized.

In April 2015, the co-owner of Megapolis, Sergei Katsiev, retired from management, and was replaced as president by the financial director Alexei Koldunov, who has been working for the company since its foundation.

Now Megapolis controls about 70% of the tobacco market in Russia, the branch network has grown over the year from 250 to 330 divisions, but the number of outlets with which the company works directly has decreased from 200,000 to 160,000.

Legal restrictions on the trade in cigarettes forced the owners of Megapolis to create their own specialized network. Small retail outlets "Omega Cash & Carry" were opened throughout the country in 2014, by the fall of 2015 there were more than 100 stores in the chain selling tobacco products in small wholesale.

This is not the first attempt by Megapolis owners to start their own retail. In 2012, they created the Bristol trading network, the basis of the assortment of which was made up of cigarettes and alcohol. At the beginning of 2015, there were already about 1,400 stores in the chain; in May, it was announced that 31.5% of Bristol was sold to Dixy Group, 54.4% of which also belongs to the co-owners of Megapolis.

7. Evraz

Revenue 504.2 billion rubles. (IFRS)

Headquarters: London

CEO: Alexander Frolov

Number of staff: 94,823

Net debt: RUB 224.4 billion

Net loss: 49.3 billion rubles

Capitalization: 126 billion rubles.

Ferrous metallurgy

28% EBITDA growth of Evraz from 2013 to 2014

8. Tatneft

Revenue 476.4 billion rubles. (IFRS)

Headquarters: Almetyevsk

CEO: Nail Maganov

Number of staff: 76,000

Net debt: minus RUB 12.75 billion

Net profit: 97.7 billion rubles

Capitalization: 691.6 billion rubles.

Oil and gas

13% of the revenues of the consolidated budget of Tatarstan in 2014 come from receipts from TATNEFT

The Tatarstan government controls Tatneft through Svyazinvestneftekhim, which owns 36% of its voting shares. In addition, the government of the republic has “ gold share"(Gives the right to veto on key management issues). The Board of Directors is headed by the President of Tatarstan Rustam Minnikhanov. TATNEFT ranks fifth in oil production among domestic companies (26.5 million tons in 2014). In 2013, the general director of TATNEFT was replaced. In place of 68-year-old Shafagat Takhautdinov, who headed Tatneft for about 14 years, was replaced by his first deputy Nail Maganov, whose brother is the first executive vice president of the largest private Russian company Lukoil by revenue. Takhautdinov left a promising legacy, including a new Taneco refinery capable of processing sour oil (launched in 2012) and foreign projects in Syria and Libya, suspended due to military conflicts. Foreign projects are important for Tatneft due to the depletion of its fields in the republic. Tatarstan contains 36% of all Russian reserves of extra-viscous oil - bitumen, and the company is developing new technologies, increasing its production at the Ashalchinskoye field. In 2015-2017, TATNEFT will invest 100 billion rubles to increase the annual production of extra-viscous oil to 2 million tons (7.5% of the current annual oil production, now this share is less than 1%). For this, it has formed a package of its own technologies from more than 60 international patents. Since 2007, TATNEFT's bitumen deposits have been subject to a zero severance tax rate, since 2012, a 90% discount on the export duty until 2022 has been added, as well as regional benefits on income and property tax and zero land fees. TATNEFT is also developing technologies for the extraction of shale oil, the recoverable resources of which were estimated at the beginning of 2014 at about 192 million tons. In 2014, the company supplied 30 million tons of such oil to the state balance sheet. TATNEFT, unlike other large Russian oil and gas companies, not only extracts and refines oil into oil products, but also produces tires. The company has several subsidiaries, including Nizhnekamskshina, one of the country's largest manufacturers. In 2014, the products of TATNEFT's tire plants occupied 27% of the Russian market in physical terms.

9. Norilsk Nickel

Revenue 456 billion rubles. (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vladimir Potanin

Number of staff: 81 855

Net debt: 136.5 billion rubles

Net profit: 77.2 billion rubles

Capitalization: 1.641 trillion rubles.

Non-ferrous metallurgy

Norilsk Nickel had to write off $ 6.5 billion due to the sale of unprofitable assets in Australia and Africa

A few years ago, the world's largest producer of nickel and palladium, MMC Norilsk Nickel, was bursting at the seams due to a long-term corporate conflict between its shareholders - Interros Vladimir Potanin and UC Rusal Oleg Deripaska, who, with varying success, tried to retain control over the company. The confrontation between them began in 2008 as a result of the "divorce" of Interros partners Potanin and Mikhail Prokhorov and ended only in 2013 with the signing of an amicable agreement with the participation of Roman Abramovich, who acted as the "white knight". As a result, the fund of Abramovich and his partner in Evraz Alexander Abramov Crispian became the owner of 5.87% of shares of Norilsk Nickel, the largest stake with 30.03% remained with Interros, Rusal retained 27.82% of shares. The shareholders agreed to pay $ 8 billion in dividends over three years and another $ 1 billion after the sale of non-core assets, and Potanin was appointed CEO of Norilsk Nickel.

Reconciliation benefited everyone. By the end of 2014, the capitalization of the mining and metallurgical complex grew by 15% in dollar terms, Potanin for the first time topped the ranking of the richest Russian businessmen according to Forbes. But despite these successes, Norilsk Nickel is experiencing the same difficulties as other mining and metallurgical companies - prices and demand for manufactured products are declining. Potanin is trying to maneuver and looking for ways to improve business efficiency. Norilsk Nickel has already parted with unprofitable assets in Australia and Africa, is about to close the old nickel plant in Norilsk and staked on its enterprises in Taimyr and in the Murmansk region. According to the management of the MMC, the company is capable of showing an EBITDA margin of over 40% and providing a stable level of return on investment for more than 20 years.

Norilsk Nickel's dividend policy had to be adjusted. Now the shareholders of the company are paid 50% of EBITDA, but not less than $ 2 billion annually. According to Potanin, in order to fulfill the terms of the settlement agreement concluded between Interros, Rusal and the Crispian fund, there is still a couple of billion dollars left to pay. The shareholders treated the difficulties faced by the company with understanding, they admit that on the falling market Norilsk Nickel is one of the most attractive assets. In an interview with Forbes in the spring of 2015, Oleg Deripaska called MMC “the best Russian company at the moment” and stressed that he had no questions for Potanin regarding the management of Norilsk Nickel.

10. Bashneft

Revenue 438.3 billion rubles. (IFRS)

Headquarters: Ufa

CEO: Alexander Korsik

Number of staff: 33 300

Net debt: RUB 114 billion

Net profit: 43 billion rubles

Capitalization: 298 billion rubles.

Oil and gas

140 million tons of proven oil reserves of the V. Trebs and Titov, licensed by Bashneft

In December 2014, the main owner of the fifth largest domestic oil company Bashneft (17.8 million tons) was replaced. The controlling stake previously owned by AFK Sistema by Vladimir Yevtushenkov became federal property. The reason was the court decision on the illegal privatization of the Bashkir fuel and energy companies. Proceedings over the legality of the privatization of Bashneft and its four refineries have continued since 2005. In 2002, the enterprises, later merged into Bashneft, were privatized in favor of individuals, and then transferred to Bashkir Capital LLC, which was considered to be owned by Ural Rakhimov, the son of the then President of Bashkiria Murtaza Rakhimov. In 2003, the Audit Chamber called the outcome of this privatization "an unprecedented case of theft of assets from federal property." However, there were no legal consequences then. In 2005, Sistema bought blocking stakes in the Bashkir fuel and energy complex companies, and the rest of the shares were transferred to four charitable foundations, from which in 2009, Sistema bought them back, having received controlling stakes. In total, Sistema spent about $ 2.5 billion on these transactions. Rakhimov Jr. has since spent almost all his time abroad, and Rakhimov Sr. left the post of President of Bashkiria in 2010. Having gained control over the Bashkirian fuel and energy complex, Sistema transferred Bashneft and its refinery to a single share, and until recently the oil segment accounted for about half of the holding's consolidated revenue.

In 2010, Bashneft received a license for large fields named after Trebs and Titov, one of the last remaining in the unallocated subsoil fund. The main competitors - Lukoil, TNK-BP and Gazprom Neft - also submitted applications for the tender, but apart from Bashneft, only Surgutneftegaz was allowed to participate in the auction. A year later, Bashneft created the Bashneft-Polyus JV for the development of fields with Lukoil. The transfer of the license to this joint venture caused a number of claims from Rosnedra and lawsuits from minority shareholders of Bashneft, which are still pending (in the Supreme Court). In March 2014, Bashneft, having paid $ 1 billion, bypassed Rosneft and Gazprom Neft in a tender for the purchase of Tyumen's Burneftegaz with reserves of more than 50 million tons of oil.

In mid-July, 81.67% of Bashneft controlled by Sistema were arrested in a criminal case, and on September 16, Yevtushenkov was placed under house arrest on charges of money laundering when buying Bashneft in 2009. He was under arrest for three months, during which time the capitalization of Sistema decreased six times. It took the Moscow Arbitration Court a month to consider and satisfy the claim of the Prosecutor General's Office to return the oil company to state ownership.

11. MTS

Revenue: 410.8 billion rubles (US GAAP)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Andrey Dubovskov

Number of staff: 66 870

OIBDA: 175.5 billion rubles.

Net debt: 283 billion rubles

Net profit: 51.8 billion rubles

Capitalization: $ 7.7 billion

Telecommunications

MTS remains the largest Russian telecom operator, at the end of 2014 the company had 74.6 million subscribers (0.7 million less than a year earlier). MTS is actively developing its own chain of stores - the company has failed to establish relations with Euroset and Svyaznoy. At the end of 2014, the operator had more than 4,200 stores. For AFK Sistema, Vladimir Yevtushenkov, the largest shareholder of MTS, the operator is a key source of money. Especially after Bashneft had to be given to the state. And MTS does not forget about its shareholders: in 2014, almost all profits were directed to dividends - a record 51.2 billion rubles.

12. UMMC Group

Revenue: 407 billion rubles (estimate)

Headquarters: Verkhnyaya Pyshma

General Director: Andrey Kozitsyn

Number of staff: 60,000

Non-ferrous metallurgy

The largest copper producer in Russia, owned by billionaires Iskander Makhmudov and Andrey Kozitsyn, has been disclosing its financial results for the past two years, taking into account not only metallurgical, but also coal assets (the largest of which is Kuzbassrazrezugol). In 2013, UMMC's revenue increased significantly, up to 416 billion rubles against 195 billion rubles a year earlier. According to Forbes, UMMC's revenue in 2014 remained almost unchanged and amounted to 407 billion rubles.

13. NLMK

Revenue: 401.3 billion rubles. (US GAAP)

Headquarters: Lipetsk

President: Oleg Bagrin

Number of staff: 60 100

Net debt: RUB 61.4 billion

Net profit: 32.6 billion rubles

Capitalization: 468 billion rubles.

Ferrous metallurgy

2014 turned out to be a successful year for NLMK: EBITDA grew by 58%, net profit - by 4.5 times. The success is related to exchange rate differences - NLMK receives most of its revenue in foreign currency. In 2014, the company announced a new dividend policy. Now dividends will be paid to shareholders once a quarter. If the ratio of net debt / EBITDA is less than or equal to 1, the amount of payments should be in the range from 50% of net profit to 50% of free cash flow; with the worst ratio - respectively from 30% to 30%. The President of NLMK has already stated that by the end of 2015 the company may pay more to shareholders. According to him, the financial situation "allows".

14. UC Rusal

Revenue: 361.2 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Oleg Deripaska

Number of staff: 61,235

Net debt: 341.1 billion rubles

Net profit: 11.3 billion rubles

Market cap: HK $ 52.1 billion (HKEX)

Non-ferrous metallurgy

The devaluation of the ruble was beneficial for UC Rusal, for the first time since 2011 the company showed an annual profit of $ 293 million. The management even thought about paying dividends to shareholders for the first time in six years, but the board of directors has not yet made a final decision on this issue. Despite good financial results in 2014, Rusal President Oleg Deripaska has a sound assessment of the situation: firstly, the company still has a high debt burden, and secondly, two next years, according to his forecasts, will be difficult due to the fall in world prices for aluminum.

15. Sibur Holding

Revenue: 361 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Dmitry Konov

Number of staff: 25,000

Net debt: RUB 178.64 billion

Net profit: RUB 25 billion

Petrochemistry

The leader in associated petroleum gas processing has 26 sites in Russia, where polymers, synthetic rubbers and plastics are produced. Until 2011, the company was controlled by Gazprombank, then Leonid Mikhelson and Gennady Timchenko became its owners. In September 2014, Timchenko sold 17% of the holding's shares to a member of the board of directors Kirill Shamalov (his share increased to 21.3%), reducing his stake to 15%. The controlling stake in the company remained with Leonid Mikhelson, 13% belongs to the current and former managers of the holding. In the spring of 2014, Timchenko and Kirill Shamalov's father Nikolai were included in the EU and US sanctions lists as businessmen who are part of President Putin's “inner circle”.

16. Novatek

Revenue: 357.64 billion rubles. (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

Directions: Leonid Mikhelson

Number of staff: 6749

Net debt: RUB 204 billion

Net profit: 35 billion rubles

Capitalization: $ 28 billion (LSE)

Oil and gas

Novatek is the second largest gas producer in Russia after Gazprom (2 billion cubic meters in 2014) and the fifth in the world in terms of proven reserves (1.75 trillion cubic meters). The main owners are the founder Leonid Mikhelson (24.8%), Gennady Timchenko (23.5%), French Total (19%) and Gazprom (10%). Novatek is the only non-state company that has the right to independently export liquefied gas. In 2014, the IFRS net profit decreased three times, the investment program for 2015 was reduced by 15%, to 50 billion rubles. In the summer of 2014, Timchenko and Novatek came under US sanctions. Since then, Novatek has paid $ 740,000 to lobby for sanctions relief in the US Senate, but has not been successful.

17. Severstal

Revenue: 315.8 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Cherepovets

CEO: Vadim Larin

Number of staff: 52,000

Net debt: RUB 58 billion

Net loss: 61.8 billion rubles

Capitalization: 579.2 billion rubles.

Ferrous metallurgy

At the end of 2014, Severstal reported an increase in EBITDA by 21.2% to $ 2.2 billion, but at the same time showed a net loss of $ 1.6 billion. The company attributes the loss to losses from exchange rate differences and “other non-monetary factors”. At the same time, the management assured the shareholders that the company will continue to demonstrate stable long-term growth. So far, Severstal of Alexei Mordashov, who replaced the CEO's chair for the post of chairman of the board of directors in spring 2015, looks better than many metallurgical companies due to its low debt burden.

18. Megaphone

Revenue: 314.8 billion rubles. (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Ivan Tavrin

Number of staff: 30 854

OIBDA: 138.5 billion rubles.

Net debt: 136.2 billion rubles

Net profit: 36.7 billion rubles

Capitalization: $ 7.8 billion

Telecommunications

Megafon remains the second largest telecom operator in Russia, but the gap with MTS is narrowing: 72.2 million versus 74.6 million subscribers. At the same time, Megafon is actively developing its subsidiary operator Iota (Scartel), which was acquired in 2013. In July 2014, Megafon became the owner of 50% of the Euroset retailer. Another owner is VimpelCom. In fact, the operator bought out Skartel and a stake in Euroset from the structures of its main shareholder Alisher Usmanov. And the billionaire increased his stake in Megafon by purchasing a stake in the company's CEO Ivan Tavrin.

19. MMK

Revenue: 302.8 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Magnitogorsk

CEO: Pavel Shilyaev

Number of staff: 46,500

Net debt: 77 billion rubles

Net loss: 1.7 billion rubles

Capitalization: 232.3 billion rubles.

Ferrous metallurgy

The devaluation of the ruble allowed MMK by the end of 2014 to reduce its debt burden by $ 1 billion and reduce its net loss 55 times - from $ 2.4 billion to $ 44 million.On the other hand, if the ruble had not fallen, the annual net profit could have amounted to $ 578 million In the summer of 2015, MMK, like many other metallurgical companies, decided to revise its dividend policy. The Board of Directors approved the payment of at least 20% of net profit under IFRS once every six months. In 2012 and 2013, shareholders did not receive dividends at all, and in 2014 they received them in only nine months.

20. Group T Plus

Revenue: 297.9 billion rubles (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow region

CEO: Boris Vainzikher

Number of staff: 49 300

Net debt: 130 billion rubles

Net profit: 35 billion rubles

Electricity

T Plus (formerly IES Holding) owns more than 7% of the installed capacity of all power plants in Russia. The holding occupies about 10% of the heat supply market. In 2014, the energy assets of Viktor Vekselberg and partners (TGK-5, TGK-6, TGK-9, Orenburg TGK, repair and power supply companies) were consolidated by merging with Volzhskaya TGK. By the beginning of 2015, the total debt of consumers to the holding for heat reached 44 billion rubles. The energy holding's net debt at the end of 2014 was 130 billion rubles and exceeded EBITDA by 5.2 times.

21. Mechel

Revenue: 247.3 billion rubles. (US GAAP)

Headquarters: Moscow

General Director: Oleg Korzhov

Number of staff: 67 880

Net debt: RUB 261.5 billion

Net loss: RUB 166 billion

Capitalization: 25.5 billion rubles.

Ferrous metallurgy

2014 could be the most dramatic year in his life for the founder and owner of Mechel Igor Zyuzin. It seemed that Mechel, which had spent billions of dollars in loans to buy metallurgical and coal assets and became the most heavily credited Russian company, was about to perish and be divided into parts. But nothing happened: having resisted the onslaught of creditors, Zyuzin agreed with Gazprombank on restructuring, a similar agreement is being prepared with VTB, and the debt to Sberbank can be redeemed by the end of the year. However, Mechel is still far from the final recovery. It can take years to reduce the debt burden to comfortable levels.

22. Metalloinvest

Revenue: 247 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Andrey Varichev

Number of staff: 42 600

EBITDA: RUB 75.7 billion

Net debt: RUB 161.5 billion

Net profit: 2.5 billion rubles

Ferrous metallurgy

Metalloinvest unites the metallurgical and mining and processing assets of the USM holding of billionaire Alisher Usmanov. Revenue of Metalloinvest in rubles increased, while in dollar terms the decline continued - at the end of 2014, it reached its worst figure in the last five years. The situation on the market is not the best now: prices for iron ore fell by 28% over the year. Metalloinvest sells most of its iron ore products in Russia; sales volumes have not changed here. In the second largest market, Europe, sales rose by 1.1 million tonnes. However, the growth was offset by a sharp drop in sales in Asia.

23. TMK

Revenue: 230.4 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Shiryaev

Number of staff: 43,373

Net debt: 114.6 billion rubles

Net loss: RUB 8.4 billion

Capitalization: 51.9 billion rubles.

Ferrous metallurgy

TMK is a leading Russian manufacturer of steel pipes, founded in the early 2000s by the owner of the Sinarsky Pipe Plant Dmitry Pumpyansky and co-owners of the MDM Group Sergey Popov and Andrey Melnichenko. By 2006, Pumpyansky bought out the partners' shares in TMK and held an IPO in London. He now owns 67.75% of the company's shares. 2014 was a challenging year for TMK. The company posted a loss of $ 217 million and will not pay dividends for the year. In the winter of 2015, TMK's long-standing partner Rusnano became a shareholder in the company, buying 5.48% of the shares.

24. Dixie

Revenue: 229 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Ilya Yakubson

Number of staff: 40,000

Net debt: RUB 25.1 billion

Net profit: 4.5 billion rubles

EBITDA: 16.3 billion rubles.

Capitalization: 37.2 billion rubles.

Trade

The company has faced the same problems over the year as all retailers. After the introduction of the food embargo, we had to urgently look for replacements for more than 1000 positions (as a result, the share of Russian suppliers increased by 10%). The ruble was falling, prices were rising, the prosecutor's office was checking merchants. In 2014, for the first time, Dixy launched socially significant products under its new own brand, First Deal, - bread, eggs, dairy and meat gastronomy; set a markup of less than 5% on some products. During the year, the growth in prices on shelves lagged behind the growth in purchase prices for the main consumer basket by 4.6%, in general - by 2.2%. Revenue in rubles for 2014 increased by 26.9%, in dollars - by only 5.2%.

25. Stroygazmontazh

Revenue: 225 billion rubles (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Andrey Kirilenko

Number of staff: 27,000

Construction

The Stroygazmontazh company was founded in 2008 on the basis of five construction contractors from Gazprom bought by Arkady Rotenberg. In the spring of 2014, Stroygazmontazh and Arkady Rotenberg were included in the US sanctions lists. After that, the businessman sold to his son Igor most of his assets, keeping 83% of Stroygazmontazh (and at the end of 2014 became the sole owner) and 49% of SMP Bank. In January 2015, Stroygazmontazh received a general contract for the construction of a road and rail bridge across the Kerch Strait, connecting Crimea and Kuban, worth 228 billion rubles.

26. Avtotor

Revenue: 203.7 billion rubles. (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

Chairman of the Board of Directors: Valery Gorbunov

Number of staff: 3402

Mechanical engineering

Avtotor has been operating under the benefits of the Special Economic Zone of the Kaliningrad Region since 1997. In 2014, he produced cars of five world brands - BMW, Cadillac, KIA, Opel, Chevrolet.

In 2014, according to the founder of the company, former Soviet Deputy Prime Minister Vladimir Shcherbakov, Avtotor produced 186,429 vehicles, almost 60,000 less than in 2013. In February 2015, General Motors (GM) stopped cooperating with the company; in the spring, the American corporation announced it was leaving the Russian market. Avtotor's capacities are designed to produce 250,000 vehicles per year, 130,000 of which were produced for GM.

27. Eurochem

Revenue: 196.4 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Dmitry Strezhnev

Number of staff: 22,000

Net debt: $ 2.68 billion

Net loss: $ 578 million

Fertilizers

EuroChem Holding is the country's largest fertilizer producer, occupying about 2% of the world market. The company was founded in 2001 by the owners of the MDM group, billionaires Andrey Melnichenko and Sergey Popov. Five years later, the partners divided the business, and Eurochem went to Melnichenko, who now owns 92.2%. In March, it became known that the management of EuroChem postponed the decision to build a plant for $ 1.5 billion in Louisiana, where a plot of 870 hectares has already been purchased. Eurochem continues to develop new potash deposits in the Urals and the Volga region with approved potash reserves of more than 10 billion tons.

28. Siberian Coal Energy Company

Revenue: 195 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

General Director: Vladimir Rashevsky

Number of staff: 31 400

The largest coal company in Russia. In 2014, SUEK enterprises accounted for 27.5% of the total Russian coal production - 98.9 million tons. The main sales markets except Russia are China, Great Britain, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Germany. International sales increased by 8% to 45.6 million tonnes. In 2015 SUEK plans to increase production by 10%. The main owner of the company, created in 2001, is Andrey Melnichenko, he owns 92.2% (another 7.8% belongs to the general director of SUEK Vladimir Rashevsky).

29. Ribbon

Revenue: 194 billion rubles

CEO: Jan Dunning

Number of staff: 35 100

Net debt: 59.2 billion rubles

Net profit: 9.1 billion rubles

EBITDA: RUB 21.3 billion

Capitalization: $ 3.3 billion (LSE)

Trade

Lenta managed to raise $ 952 million during its IPO on Londonskaya stock exchange in February 2014, jumping into the last carriage. Then there was a referendum in Crimea, sanctions, hostilities in Donbass, the devaluation of the ruble ... The planned 2014 IPOs of other retailers - Detsky Mir and the Russian subsidiary Metro AG - never took place. After the IPO, Lenta opened 31 new hypermarkets and 14 supermarkets, sales in existing stores increased by 10.6%, revenue - by 34.5%. 90% of the total revenue comes from loyalty card sales, which are actively used by 6.5 million people.

Revenue: 188.2 billion rubles (estimate)

Headquarters: Krasnogorsk

CEO: Sergey Raskolov

Number of staff: 8884

Trade

Merlion is the largest electronics distributor in Russia, but its owners are unknown to the general public. Businessman Aleksey Sonk founded Merlion in 1992, and in 2007 sold the business to a group of investors who prefer to stay in the background. Merlion's partner network includes 5,500 companies in Russia and the CIS. The company has a portfolio of over 450 brands and 300 direct distribution agreements. Merlion owns the retail chains Citylink and Positronika, service centers Network of Computer Clinics, distributor of office furniture Bureaucrat, and the manufacturer of computer equipment iRU.

31.M.Video

Revenue: 172.2 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

General Director: Alexander Tynkovan

Number of staff: 18,000

Net profit: 8 billion rubles

EBITDA: 12.9 billion rubles.

Capitalization: 35.5 billion rubles.

Trade

The market for household appliances and electronics was in a fever from currency surges more than grocery retail. Nevertheless, M.Video's revenue grew by 16% over the year. The panic of buyers at the end of 2014 provided record sales: in November, sales increased by 47%, in December - by 70%. In a crisis, buyers are looking for cheaper? M.Video continued to implement its integrated sales strategy (Omni-Channel). As a result, with the growth of online sales by 90%, self-pickup sales of ordered online goods from stores exceeded twice the home delivery. Now there are 368 hypermarkets in the network, 39 of them were opened in 2014.

32. TNS energo

Revenue: 172 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

General Director: Dmitry Arzhanov

Number of staff: 8000

Net debt: RUB 16.3 billion

Net profit: 4.5 billion rubles

Capitalization: 17.8 billion rubles.

Electricity

TNS energo is the largest private energy trader. It was established in 2003 as a one-client company: it sold electricity to all Transneft enterprises. By 2012, the company bought up stakes in eight sales companies in the country, and in 2013 underwent a rebranding, changing the name of Transneftservice S to TNS energo. It now operates 10 power sales companies serving consumers in 11 regions of Russia. In June 2015, TNS energo placed 15% of its shares on the Moscow Exchange. 75% of TNS energo shares belong to its general director Dmitry Arzhanov.

33. Quatrain

Revenue: 169.9 billion rubles. (IFRS)

Headquarters: Novosibirsk

CEO: Leonid Konobeev

Net income: $ 69.3 million

Trade

The largest pharmaceutical holding in Russia in terms of revenue, the main business is the wholesale supply of drugs. The company has 27 branches and delivers medicines to 85 regions of Russia. Katren owns the Melodiya Zdorovya chain (over 500 pharmacies). The company was founded in 1993 by Leonid Konobeev and Vladimir Spiridonov. After the 1998 crisis, Katren went outside the Novosibirsk region and opened twenty regional warehouses in a year. By 2007 it became the third distributor on russian market on gross sales. In 2000 and 2012, the EBRD was part of Katren's capital. The company controls the Ukrainian drug distributor Venta.LTD (less than 10% of the holding's total revenue in 2014).

34. Protek

Revenue: 156.9 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Vadim Muzyaev

Number of staff: 12 150

Net debt: RUB 3.7 billion

Net profit: 4.8 billion rubles

EBITDA: 5.3 billion rubles.

Capitalization: 25.5 billion rubles.

Trade

The Russian pharmaceutical market in 2014 grew by 10.1%, the consolidated revenue of the Protek group - by 12.7%. The fastest growing were the retail division (21.6%) and the manufacturing segment (17.4%). The Rigla chain has increased by 210 pharmacies over the year, and low-price pharmacies are also actively developing “Be healthy!” and "Zhivika". Sales for 1 sq. m grew over the year by 6.2%. Three production sites of Protek produce 79 own brands, which account for 58.2% of sales in this segment. Revenue from drug distribution, with which the company began in 1990, grew by 11.3% over the year, the warehouse area reached 161,500 sq. m.

35. Oil & Gas Industry

Revenue: 156 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Krasnodar

CEO: Alexey Gladkov

Number of staff: 1206

Net debt: RUB 42.3 billion

Oil and gas

In 2010, NefteGazIndustria, former head of Gosstroy Vladimir Kogan, acquired Afipsky Oil Refinery from Oleg Deripaska's structures for $ 300 million. In 2013, the company signed a five-year contract with Rosneft for the supply of raw materials, and Transneft completed construction of a pipe that connects the refinery with its oil pipeline system. After the modernization completed in 2014, the refining capacity of the enterprise increased by 62%, to 6 million tons of oil per year (in fact, 5.9 million tons were processed). The company has its own oil product terminal 130 km away in the port of Novorossiysk, through which products are exported.

Revenue: 151.9 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Heigo Kera

Number of staff: 26 782

Net debt: RUB 26.3 billion

Net profit: 5.2 billion rubles

EBITDA: 11.3 billion rubles.

Capitalization: $ 500 million (LSE)

Trade

In April, the company changed its leadership. American Tony Mayer lost the seat to Estonian Heigo Kera. Two of the founders of the company, Dmitry Korzhev and Dmitry Troitsky, have known Mayer well since the sale of their juice company Multon Coca-Cola. But the results of 2014 were unlikely to be liked by shareholders: the retail sales revenue of stores decreased by 0.2%, traffic fell by 4.2%. And although the average check grew by 7.8%, there were fewer purchases: the number of goods per visit decreased by 3.4%. At the same time, the company's expenses increased to 19.2% of revenue. Marketing costs increased the most (by 60%): in order to attract visitors, the company held several large-scale promotions.

37. Mostotrest

Revenue: 150.5 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vladimir Vlasov

Number of staff: 29 343

Net profit: 6.1 billion rubles

Capitalization: 23.7 billion rubles.

Construction

This spring, NPF Blagosostoyanie, controlled by Russian Railways, increased its stake in Mostotrest by buying out the shares of Igor Rotenberg and Globaltrans partners Konstantin Nikolaev, Nikita Mishin and Andrey Filatov. Mostotrest's order book grew in 2014 by 100 billion rubles, to 352 billion rubles. The company won large contracts and built transport interchanges and a backup for Kurortny Prospekt for Sochi. Builds the 4th transport ring in Moscow and the Moscow-Petersburg highway, facilities on the M-4 Don, M-9 Baltiya, M-11 Narva highways. Mostotrest participated in the reconstruction of the airport in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Moscow's Vnukovo. Profit in 2014 increased 2.7 times, dividends of 2 billion rubles were paid.

38. Russneft

Revenue: 149.9 billion rubles. (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Oleg Gordeev

Number of staff: 21,000

Net debt: RUB 253.5 billion

Net loss: 101.1 billion rubles

Oil and gas

Russneft is one of the largest oil and gas companies in Russia. It is the only industry leader that was created from scratch, and not during privatization in the 1990s. The Swiss trader Glencore, who became a shareholder in a number of subsidiaries of Russneft (with stakes from 40% to 49%), helped Mikhail Gutseriev to buy several small oil companies in 2002-2003. In March 2015, Gutseriev announced that Glencore would exchange the shares of its subsidiaries for the shares of the parent company. In May, the FAS agreed on a deal: the Swiss trader will receive 46% of Russneft. Next in line is the merger of Russneft with Neftisa, another oil company owned by Gutseriev.

Revenue: 149.8 billion rubles. (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

Chairman of the Board of Directors: Oleg Smirnov

Number of staff: 6011

Trade

The second largest (after Megapolis) tobacco distributor in Russia operates under an exclusive agreement with British American Tobacco. The company of Oleg Smirnov and Sergey Nesterenko was founded in 1992, in 2000 the partners decided to focus on promoting British American Tobacco products, SNS broke off relations with other cigarette manufacturers and a year later received the status of the only distributor of BAT Russia. In 2014, this key partner of SNS produced 65.9 billion cigarettes in Russia, and the market share of BAT Russia reached 21.3%. SNA now supplies tobacco products to 230,000 outlets throughout the country.

40. Stroygazconsulting

Revenue: 140 billion rubles (estimate)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Stanislav Anikeev

Number of staff: 65 950

Construction

The revenue of the company, founded by Ziyad Manasir and now owned by Gazprombank and Ilya Shcherbovich's UCP fund, almost halved in 2014. Despite the fact that Stroygazconsulting was headed by Stanislav Anikeev, a native of Gazprom, the company has never been able to gain access to contracts from the gas monopoly. In the spring of 2014, its subsidiary SGK Avtostrada won the right to build the first section of the Central Ring Road worth 48 billion rubles, but could not receive a bank guarantee and start work, so the contract was transferred to Crocus International by Aras Agalarov.

41. Transmashholding

Revenue: 140 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Kirill Lipa

Number of staff: 52,700

Net debt: RUB 15 billion

Net profit: RUB 10 billion

Mechanical engineering

Iskander Makhmudov, the main owner of UMMC-Holding, began assembling machine-building plants in Transmashholding in 2002, and now TMH is largest company an industry uniting a dozen and a half manufacturers of rolling stock for the railway and metro. The bulk of the holding's proceeds are orders from Russian Railways for electric locomotives, diesel locomotives, electric trains and passenger coaches. Makhmudov and his companion Andrey Bokarev became No. 1 in the Forbes ranking of "Kings of the State Order", having received orders for 130.7 billion rubles in 2014.

Revenue: 138.3 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

General Director: Tatiana Lukovetskaya

Number of staff: 6371

Net debt: RUB 9 billion

Net profit: 4.7 billion rubles

Trade

The largest car dealer in the country was founded by Sergey Petrov in 1991. At the end of 2014, Rolf sold 91,693 new cars, which is 14.4% more than a year earlier. The company's share in the Russian automotive market was 3.7%. In 2011, a long-term strategy was approved, which recognized the retail direction as a key business. In 2012, Rolf sold 51% of the shares of its logistics operator ROLF SCS to the Japanese company NYK and completed the sale of a controlling stake in Rolf Import, Mitsubishi's distributor in Russia, to Japanese concerns Mitsubishi Motors Corporation and Mitsubishi Corporation. Now Rolf Import is called MMC Rus.

43. Nizhnekamskneftekhim

Revenue: 137 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Nizhnekamsk

General Director: Azat Bikmurzin

Number of staff: 16 772

Net profit: 9.4 billion rubles

Net debt: minus RUB 196 million

Capitalization: 66.7 billion rubles.

Petrochemistry

This company from Tatarstan is the largest producer of synthetic rubber and raw materials for its synthesis in Russia (42% of the world market). Almost half of the revenue comes from the export of products. The company is controlled by the TAIF group (50.6%), among the main owners of which are the sons of ex-president of Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiev Radik and Ayrat. The blocking stake in Nizhnekamskneftekhim belongs to Svyazinvestneftekhim, which is controlled by the government of Tatarstan. In 2014, the company transferred 9 billion rubles in taxes to budgets of various levels.

44. Uralkali

Revenue: 136.5 billion rubles. (IFRS)

Headquarters: Berezniki,

Perm region

CEO: Dmitry Osipov

Number of staff: 20 800

Net loss: 33.3 billion rubles

Capitalization: 602 billion rubles.

Fertilizers

One of the world's largest producer of potash fertilizers (20% of the market). By the mid-1990s, a native of the Kama region, the future billionaire Dmitry Rybolovlev bought a stake in the company and headed the board of directors. The further history of the company is the owner's struggle with potash traders against the background of frequent ground collapses in production (five accidents in 10 years). Since 2010, the company has changed several owners and went to Mikhail Prokhorov. In 2013, Uralkali found itself at the center of an international scandal over its export sales scheme. General Director Vladislav Baumgertner was arrested by the KGB of Belarus, subsequently the case was dropped.

Revenue: 135.1 billion rubles

(company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Samvel Karapetyan

Number of staff: 45,000

The property

Samvel Karapetyan started his business with wholesale trade, then went into retail and construction. Today Tashir owns 25 large shopping centers and eight office centers. In addition, having taken up housing construction after the 2008 crisis, the company has erected five residential complexes. Tashir is developing its own energy company, Kaskad. In the near future, the territory of Trekhgornaya manufactory in Moscow will be built up, it is planned to build 94,000 sq. m. In addition, the "Tashir" includes 10 hotels, JSCB "Fora-Bank", a network of restaurants and other enterprises.

46. \u200b\u200bRusenergosbyt

Revenue: 132.2 billion rubles (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

General Director: Andrey Zinoviev

Number of staff: 779

Net debt: RUB 831 million

Net profit: 5.2 billion rubles

Power engineering

Rusenergosbyt is the second largest Russian independent energy trader by revenue, owned by the ESN group of Grigory Berezkin and the energy concern Enel (49.5%). Rusenergo-Sbyt operates in more than 60 regions of the country and supplies electricity to more than 115,000 customers. The key consumer of Rusenergosbyt is Russian Railways, among its clients are Kamaz, Sollers, the Magnit retail chain, as well as enterprises of the GAZ group. In March 2015, Enel, which also owns 56.4% of the shares of the energy company Enel Russia, published its five-year development plan, according to which Russia falls out of its sphere of interests.

47. TAIF-NK

Revenue: 132 billion rubles (RAS)

Headquarters: Nizhnekamsk

General Director: Rushan Shamgunov

Number of staff: 3135

Net profit: 10.7 billion rubles

Net debt: minus RUB 11 billion

Petrochemistry

"TAIF-NK" unites an oil refinery and a gasoline plant. In 2014, the company's capacities were fully loaded: oil refining amounted to 7.3 million tons per year, gas condensate - 1 million tons. The share of TAIF-NK in the total volume of crude oil refining in Russia amounted to 3%. Export of products provides 58% of the proceeds. The company transferred almost 62 billion rubles of taxes and fees to the budgets of all levels. The enterprise is controlled by the TAIF group, which is co-owned by the sons of ex-president of Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiev Radik and Ayrat.

48. OMK

Revenue: 129 billion rubles

(company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

General Director: Anatoly Sedykh

Number of staff: 27,021

Net debt: 62.5 billion rubles

Net loss: RUB 13 billion

Ferrous metallurgy

In 2014, the revenue of the steel pipe manufacturer OMK increased by 23%, EBITDA - by 22%, but due to the devaluation of the ruble, the depreciation of the American OMK Tube and the decommissioning of the Chusovoy Metallurgical Plant, the loss amounted to 13 billion rubles. To improve financial results by the end of 2015, the company promised to use anti-crisis measures: to reduce production costs, reduce investment, tighten control over settlements with counterparties and shorten the production cycle.

49. ChelPipe

Revenue: 128 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Grubman

Number of staff: 28 694

Net debt: 94 billion rubles

Net loss: RUB 1.2 billion

Ferrous metallurgy

ChTPZ is the second largest pipe manufacturer in Russia. In 2014, ChTPZ and Pervouralsk Novotrubny Plant, a member of the group, shipped a record production volume for the entire post-Soviet period - 2.073 million tons. But the year was not easy for the main shareholder of ChTPZ, Andrey Komarov. In March 2014, he and his lawyer Alexander Shibanov were detained on suspicion of attempted bribery official... In July 2015, Komarov was released from house arrest, and the lawyer was released from the pre-trial detention center. The case has been referred to court.

50. Antipinsky Oil Refinery

Revenue: 125 billion rubles (RAS)

Headquarters: Tyumen

CEO: Gennady Lisovichenko

Number of staff: 1500

Net debt: RUB 87.7 billion

Net loss: 34.4 billion rubles

Oil and gas

The plant, which opened in the Tyumen industrial zone in 2006, produces gasoline and diesel fuel. In 2014, the volume of refining reached 8 million tons of oil per year, the volume of production - 6.2 million tons. The company intends to engage in its own production. In March 2015, the refinery won a tender for three small oil-bearing areas in the Orenburg region with total C1 reserves of 42 million tons of oil and 1.5 billion cubic meters of gas, paying 16 billion rubles for them. One of the co-owners of the refinery is a classmate of President Vladimir Putin, Nikolai Egorov, co-founder of the law firm Egorov Puginsky Afanasiev & Partners.

51. Phosagro

Revenue: 123.1 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Andrey Guryev

Number of staff: 19 663

Net debt: 48.2 billion rubles

Net loss: RUB 13.4 billion

Capitalization: 369 billion rubles.

Fertilizers

Phosagro is one of the world's largest producers of phosphate fertilizers. The key enterprise is Apatit. The controlling shareholder is ex-senator Andrei Guryev, including minority shareholders Vladimir Litvinenko, rector of the National Mineral Resources University "Gorny", where Vladimir Putin defended his thesis. Khodorkovsky's Menatep group took part in the formation of the Phosagro business, from which the Phosagro management, headed by Guryev, bought out a stake in 2005. Since December 2014, two former managers of Phosagro have tried to claim their rights to a stake in the holding. One of them, Alexander Gorbachev, filed a lawsuit in a Cypriot court. The decision was expected in mid-September.

52. GAZ Group

Revenue: 120 billion rubles (IFRS)

President: Vadim Sorokin

Number of staff: 257 600

Net debt: 56.2 billion rubles

Net loss: RUB 2.1 billion

Capitalization: 7.9 billion rubles.

Mechanical engineering

The GAZ group includes 13 enterprises that produce 50% of light commercial vehicles, 70% of buses and 24% of trucks in Russia. The main shareholder of the company is the machine-building holding Russian Machines, which is part of Oleg Deripaska's Basic Element.

In 2014, the group produced 69,400 vehicles, 16% less than a year earlier. Revenue from sales to non-CIS countries increased by 56% to RUB 7.2 billion. In 2014, GAZ Group received European approval allowing the sale of gazelles in the EU, opened production in Turkey, and began negotiations on distribution in 30 countries. In the first half of 2015, GAZ sales fell by 26%, the decline in the entire Russian car market was 36%.

53. National Computer Corporation

Revenue: 115.7 billion rubles (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Alexander Kalinin

Number of staff: 2600

The National Computer Corporation was founded in 2003 when the owners of five independent companies pooled their assets. Now the NCC includes a distributor of OCS computer equipment, a manufacturer of Aquarius computers, a developer of server equipment Yadro, a distributor and integrator Systematics. Equipment under the Aquarius brand is produced at its own plant in the Ivanovo region, in 2014 the corporation increased its production capacity. According to the report of the analytical agency IDC, Aquarius is one of the five largest server suppliers on the Russian market in 2014.

54. CSN

Revenue: 115.1 billion rubles (estimate)

Headquarters: Vladivostok

CEO: Dmitry Alekseev

Number of staff: 15,000

Trade

The first DNS computer shop was opened in 1998 in Vladivostok. Now the group of companies already operates more than 1200 stores in 400 cities of Russia. Under the umbrella brand, DNS develops TechnoPoint discounters and small stores with Smart digital and mobile technology. Since December 2014, the company has a new format - Frau Tekhnika, home appliances stores decorated in crimson and purple colors. In the spring of 2014, the company acquired the Computer World chain (21 stores in St. Petersburg and 11 cities in the Northwestern District). It produces computers and portable equipment under its own brands - in 2012 it opened an assembly plant.

55. Euroset

Revenue: 115 billion rubles (estimate)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Alexander Malis

Number of staff: 30,000

Trade

Since July 2014, 50% of Euroset has been owned directly by Megafon (the remaining 50% by Vimpelcom). According to Megafon, after this transaction, the operator's savings on commission to dealers reached 48%. Ksenia Sobchak ceased to be a shareholder of Euroset back in 2012, but her current hectic activities and previous property haunt the deputies. In the fall of 2014, after a public discussion between Sobchak and director Nikita Mikhalkov, the deputies turned to the prosecutor's office with a request to check the purity of the transaction, during which the TV presenter received 0.1% of the retailer's shares and earned $ 1.3 million from their sale.

56. Eurasia Drilling Company

Revenue: 114.8 billion rubles (US GAAP)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Japaridze

Number of staff: 21 850

Net profit: 16.2 billion rubles

Net debt: RUB 42.3 billion

Capitalization: $ 1.8 billion (LSE)

Oil and gas

The volume of the drilling services market in Russia in 2014 was $ 15.4 billion (Deloitte & Tuche estimate), the share of Eurasia Drilling Company (EDC) accounts for 28%. The company was founded by Alexander Japaridze, having bought the drilling division of Lukoil in 2004 for $ 130 million. In 2007, the shares were placed in London (an IPO estimate of $ 3.4 billion). Japaridze is the largest shareholder of EDC (30.2%), ex-president of Rosneft Alexander Putilov has 22.4%, free float has 30% of shares. In January 2015, it was announced the sale of 45.65% of EDC shares to the oilfield services company Schlumberger for $ 1.7 billion. The transaction requires approval of the government commission on foreign investment, which has repeatedly postponed its consideration.

57. Transaero

Revenue: 113.8 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

General Director: Olga Pleshakova

Number of staff: 11,507

Net debt: RUB 67.6 billion

Net loss: 19.3 billion rubles

Transport

Transaero is second only to Aeroflot in terms of traffic volume - in 2014 it transported about 13.2 million people. The company has a high debt burden, the net debt / EBITDA ratio at the end of 2014 was 9. In September 2014, Transaero applied for state support. The company was founded in 1991 by the son of the Minister of Radio Industry of the USSR, Alexander Pleshakov, and since 2001 has been managed by his wife Olga. For two they own 36.6% of the company, another 3% belong to Alexander's mother Tatyana Anodina, chairman of the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC). On September 1, 2015 it became known that 75% plus 1 share of Transaero was bought by Aeroflot for a symbolic 1 ruble.

58. Eldorado

Revenue: 111.7 billion rubles (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Ondrej Friedrich

Number of staff: 14,000

Trade

The company, founded in 1994 by brothers Igor and Oleg Yakovlev, sells household appliances and electronics. During the 2008 crisis, banks demanded that the network repay loans ahead of schedule. The Czech PPF group helped Peter Kellner - secured a controlling stake, provided a loan for $ 300 million, and later bought the remaining share for $ 250 million. In March 2014, PPF announced that one of its shareholders, Jiri Schmeitz, would receive a 20% stake in Eldorado. A year later, the co-owners invested 7.3 billion rubles in the network. Eldorado has 384 hypermarkets and four dispensing stores for goods purchased online (14% of revenue in 2014). Now the chain is expanding its assortment - it sells goods for the home, garden, renovation and for children.

59. Messenger

Revenue: 111 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Michael Touch

Number of staff: 22,000

Trade

The network, created in 1995 by Maxim Nogotkov, was paid for by Oleg Malis, the younger brother of Euroset President Alexander Malis. The brothers do not comment on the hypothetical merger of two cellular retailers, but interact. Since the beginning of 2015, connections to MTS in Svyaznoy have decreased by five times, but sales of contracts between Megafon and VimpelCom, which own Euroset, have resumed. In the summer of 2015, MTS terminated cooperation with Svyaznoy. At the same time, in the salons of Euroset, the delivery of goods ordered at Enter began, this business of Nogotkov also went to Oleg Malis.

60. Kamaz

Revenue: 110.6 billion rubles (IFRS)

President: Sergey Kogogin

Number of staff: 53,000

Net debt: RUB 12.7 billion

Net profit: 200 million rubles

Capitalization: 24.8 billion rubles.

Mechanical engineering

The largest Russian manufacturer of heavy trucks occupies 41% of the domestic market. "Kamaz" is 49.9% owned by the state corporation "Rostec", 20.8% of shares are owned by Avtoinvest Ltd., 11% - by Daimler AG. In 2014, the company sold 38,655 trucks, 5,177 less than in 2013. The company's net profit fell 20 times. At the annual meeting of shareholders, it was decided not to pay dividends for 2014. For the six months of 2015, Kamaz sold 7697 trucks, 52.7% less compared to the same period in 2014. At the same time, its share in the truck market increased to 54.3%.

61. Universal Cargo Logistics Holding BV

Revenue: 110 billion rubles (estimate)

Headquarters: Amsterdam

CEO: Igor Fedorov

Number of staff: 18 500

Transport

Universal Cargo Logistics Holding BV is a transport company owned by NLMK owner Vladimir Lisin; the billionaire spent a significant part of his metallurgical income to create this business. UCL has three divisions: UCL Rail (rail transport), UCL Port (stevedoring services) and VBTH (shipping companies and shipbuilding). According to Forbes, the total revenue of all divisions decreased by 25 billion rubles compared to 2013.

62. Eurosibenergo

Revenue: 110 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Vyacheslav Solomin

Number of staff: 27,000

Electricity

Eurosibenergo, one of the largest private energy producers in Russia and one of the largest hydro-generating companies in the world, controls 18 power plants (including the Bratsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk and Ust-Ilimsk HPPs). Eurosibenergo is part of the En + holding of Oleg Deripaska. In May 2015, CEO Vyacheslav Solomin announced that Eurosibenergo plans to become an operating company, which in the future may conduct an IPO or attract a strategic investor. To do this, it has consolidated more than 90% of shares in Krasnoyarskaya HPP, having bought out 25% of HPP shares from RusHydro in 2014, and is also negotiating with Inter RAO to buy out 40% of Irkutskenergo shares.

63. Irkutskenergo

Revenue: 107.64 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Irkutsk

General Director: Oleg Prichko

Number of staff: 7856

Net profit: RUB 3 billion

Net debt: RUB 47.4 billion

Capitalization: 33.6 billion rubles.

Electricity

Irkutskenergo owns 19.5 gigawatt hydro and heat generating assets in Siberia. The company is controlled by Eurosibenergo (part of the En + group of Oleg Deripaska), 40% of the shares belong to the state energy holding InterRAO. Eurosibenergo claims the stake in InterRAO, but the head of Inter RAO Boris Kovalchuk stated that the company would not sell the stake for less than the amount at which it was estimated when it was invested in the capital of the state company in 2010 (48.6 billion rubles), which is more than three times its current market value. The authorities of Buryatia at the beginning of 2015 stated a record shallowing of Lake Baikal (in 60 years), accusing Irkutsk-energo of causing environmental damage.

64. GC Sodruzhestvo

Revenue: 105.7 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Luxembourg

CEO: Alexander Lutsenko

Number of staff: 2000

EBITDA: $ 205 million

Agroprom

In the 2013-2014 fiscal year, the revenue of the Sodruzhestvo group, the largest oilseed processor and exporter of agricultural products, increased by 34%, EBITDA - by 68%. In February 2015, the company opened a new headquarters in Luxembourg. In March 2015, the co-owner of the company, Alexander Lutsenko, became CEO: and Stefan Frappa, who held this post, resigned.

65.SU-155

Revenue: 104.2 billion rubles (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Meshcheryakov

Number of staff: 40,000

Construction

Since 2009, the company of the deputy of the Moscow City Duma Mikhail Balakin regularly receives bankruptcy claims from suppliers, contractors and other counterparties. In the summer of 2015 cEO company Alexander Meshcheryakov was accused of tax evasion in the amount of 200 million rubles. However, in the operating activities of one of the largest construction companies country, numerous litigations do not affect, in 2015, "SU-155" built and commissioned 327,000 square meters. m. and sold non-core assets for almost 3 billion rubles.

66. SIA International

Revenue: 98.5 billion rubles (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Alexander Sharapanyuk

Net profit: 144 million rubles

Trade

The company was created in 1993 by a Novosibirsk businessman Igor Rudinsky. For 10 years the co-owner of the company was entrepreneur Shabtai Kalmanovich (killed in 2009). In the second half of the 2000s, SIA International repeatedly became the largest Russian distributor of drugs, now it is in third place in terms of revenue. In 2009, the holding got a 25% stake in Pharmacy Chain 36.6 for debts, from the capital of which it withdrew in 2012. After Rudinsky's death in the fall of 2014, the heirs confirmed that they would sell 51% of SIA International to the pharmaceutical group R-Pharm of Alexei Repik, as the founder planned to do. The deal has not been closed yet.

67. LSR Group

Revenue: 92.3 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

CEO: Andrey Molchanov

Number of staff: 15,500

Net profit: 9.2 billion rubles

EBITDA: RUB 21.6 billion

Net debt: RUB 2 billion

Capitalization: 58.6 billion rubles.

Construction

LSR Group, the main owner of which is ex-senator from the Leningrad Region Andrei Molchanov, like all developers, is suffering from falling demand. If in 2014 the revenue increased by 53%, and EBITDA - by 84%, then in the first half of 2015 the revenue decreased by 11%. In the area of \u200b\u200bconstruction materials, the decline was more significant: revenue fell by 25%, EBITDA - by 40%. New contracts for the sale of real estate in all regions of presence (Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg) for six months were concluded by 45% less than in the same period in 2014. In May, Molchanov returned to operational management, taking over as CEO.

68. Major

Revenue: RUB 90 billion (estimate)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Mikhail Bakhtiarov

Trade

Major is the second largest car seller in Russia (after Rolf). The company was founded in 1998 by former managers of the Musa Motors dealer (the president of the company is one of its founders). The partners started the business with Chrysler and Jeep cars, and now the company is a dealer of 38 car brands. The retail network has grown over the year from 59 to 77 car dealerships in Moscow, the number of motorcycle dealerships has doubled - to 10. The company's seven car dealerships operate in St. Petersburg. In 2015, Major, previously selling exclusively foreign cars, became an official dealer of Avtovaz. In the first half of 2015, the share of Lada cars in the Moscow region increased from 3% to 4.5%.

69. Growth

Revenue: 88.4 billion rubles (estimate)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: David Panikashvili

Trade

The group was formed in 2002 as a result of the merger of several pharmaceutical companies from St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk and Samara and is now one of the five largest drug distributors. Until 2011, the Finnish distributor Tamro owned a share in the holding. Then the main owner became one of the founders David Panikashvili, who acquired 42% of the shares from the Finns. The group's pharmacy chain, formed as a result of the merger of the Raduga and Pervaya Pomoshch chains, is the fourth in Russia in terms of the number of outlets (over 850). Rosta also has a factory in St. Petersburg, where the French manufacturer Ipsen launched the contract manufacturing of the neurological drug Tanakan.

70. Tele2

Revenue: 87.4 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Mikhail Noskov

Number of staff: 7929

Telecommunications

The operator Tele2 has become Russian since 2013: in March, VTB Bank bought the company from Swedish shareholders for $ 3.5 billion, and then resold 50% to the structures of billionaires Yuri Kovalchuk and Alexey Mordashov. In early 2014, Tele2 Russia merged with the mobile assets of the state telecom operator Rostelecom. Almost simultaneously with the change of owners, Tele2 received approval to launch fast mobile Internet in its networks. The company is preparing to enter the Moscow market, the richest region for operators, where only MTS, Megafon and VimpelCom operate.

71. Polyus Gold

Revenue: 86.42 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: London, UK

General Director: Pavel Grachev

Number of staff: 19,080

Net debt: RUB 12.6 billion

Net loss: RUB 7 billion

Capitalization: £ 5.9 billion (LSE)

Non-ferrous metallurgy

Polyus Gold is the largest Russian gold mining company. Its main shareholders are the son of Suleiman Kerimov Said (40.2%), structures of Gavril Yushvaev (19.3%) and Oleg Mkrtchan (18.5%), the rest of the shares are in free circulation. Polyus Gold ended 2014 with a net loss of $ 182 million, but EBITDA grew to $ 1 billion (11% year-on-year). In the summer of 2015, management and shareholders discussed the possibility of changing the parent company Polyus Gold, registered on the island of Jersey, to the Russian Polyus Gold, but no final decision on this issue had been made at the time of the rating publication.

72. ATEK Group

Revenue: RUB 85 billion (company data)

Headquarters: Ufa

CEO: Vladimir Fedorov

Number of staff: 218

Net profit: 310.5 million rubles

Trade

The Ufa oil trader ATEK, founded in 2001 by brothers Igor and Yevgeny Bidilo, grew up on tolling schemes for oil refining, supplying raw materials to refineries in Bashkiria. In 2009, AFK Sistema, which bought the enterprises of the Bashkir fuel and energy complex, refused the services of ATEK, and the Ufa company focused on trading oil products, working with Rosneft, Lukoil, Shell, Surgutneftegaz.

73. Renaissance Construction

Revenue: 83.4 billion rubles (company data)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

CEO: Andrey Vlasenko

Number of staff: 23 186

Construction

The company was founded in 1993 by an employee of the Turkish Enki, Erman Ilycak in St. Petersburg. At first, Renaissance built buildings for the Baltika brewery and IKEA, but after the 2008 crisis, the contractor began to actively develop in Moscow, and then in Turkey and other countries. Renaissance has more than 500 completed projects with a total area of \u200b\u200bover 15 million square meters. m, and the order book exceeds $ 7 billion. The company is building three skyscrapers in Moscow City, including the Federation Tower, which has experienced several changes of owners and general contractors.

74. Lanit

Revenue: 81.5 billion rubles. (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Igor Dubrovo

Number of staff: 5998

Lanit, founded by Georgy Gens in 1989, is one of the oldest IT companies in Russia. The main field of activity is system integration and software development. Although now the group also includes Inventive Retail Group, which unites several retail chains. Georgy Gens entrusted this part of the business to his son Philip. However, not everything is smooth in business. In mid-2015, IBM dropped the partnership with Lanit after 20 years of cooperation. For another Russian integrator, Krok, a similar step by IBM later resulted in a major scandal over the purchases of Sberbank.

75. Sportmaster

Revenue: 81.1 billion rubles. (RAS)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Leonid Strakhov

Number of staff: 15,000

Trade

Sportmaster calls itself the largest sports retailer in Eastern Europe - annually more than 450 company stores are visited by about 200 million people. The founders of the company Nikolai Fartushnyak with his brother and two of their comrades have been distributing Kettler sports equipment since 1992, and four years later switched to retail. The company also franchises the Columbia chain and owns 700 O'Stin casual wear stores. In March 2014, she was one of the first Russian retailers to enter the Chinese market - now there are 11 stores under the Sportmaster brand.

76. Uralchem

Revenue: 78.3 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Moscow

General Director: Dmitry Konyaev

Number of staff: 10 298

Net debt: 242.3 billion rubles

Net loss: 79.7 billion rubles

Fertilizers

The holding belongs to the former president of Sibur, Dmitry Mazepin, who in 2007 merged fertilizer enterprises in the Kirov Region and the Perm Territory. The company produces more than a quarter of ammonium nitrate in Russia and is the leader in this segment. In 2013, Uralchem \u200b\u200bbecame one of the participants in the transaction to change the owners of the Uralkali holding: in December it acquired 19.9% \u200b\u200bof the shares for $ 3.8 billion.

77. Biblio Globus

Revenue: 78 billion rubles (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

General Director: Alexander Tugolukov

Number of staff: 491

The tour operator Biblio Globus was founded by Alexander Tugolukov, son-in-law of Boris Yesenkin, the owner of Biblio Globus bookstores. The geography of Biblio Globus's work includes more than 33 directions. Since 2014, the company has started operating in Germany, Portugal, Great Britain, Costa Rica, the Netherlands, Fiji, Uzbekistan, Spain, Chile, Peru. The company has sent more than 2.4 million tourists on trips over the past year and a half.

78. Autoworld

Revenue: 77.9 billion rubles (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

General Director: Nikolay Gruzdev

Number of staff: 6995

Trade

During the first year of operation (1993), the company managed to sell only a few dozen Zhiguli and Volga cars, a year later, sales increased to 1200 cars. Now Avtomir sells cars of 19 brands through 49 dealerships (18 of them are located in Moscow, 28 - in Russian regions, three - in Kazakhstan). In 2014, the company sold 75,500 new vehicles, 7,500 less than in 2013. Sales of used cars for the year increased by 25%, to 14,500. The company's share in the federal market was 2.9%, in the capital - 6.5%. For six months of 2015, the Russian car market decreased by 36%. 15% of employees were sent on unscheduled vacations at Avtomir.

79. V.I.P. Service

Revenue: 76 billion rubles. (company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

CEO: Dmitry Gorin

Number of staff: 1785

The company, founded in 1993, owns a network for booking and selling air and rail tickets in Moscow and the Moscow region. "V.I.P. Service ”sells tickets online - only through the web portals Biletix and Portbilet, the company sells up to 13,000 tickets per day. In addition, the holding develops hotel business: the Don Quixote complex was opened in Rostov-on-Don, and a network of hostels under the Gorod brand was launched at the railway stations in Russia.

80. Akron

Revenue: 74.6 billion rubles (IFRS)

Headquarters: Veliky Novgorod

General Director: Vladimir Kunitskiy

Number of staff: 15 100

Net debt: RUB 55.8 billion

Net profit: 6.9 billion rubles

Capitalization: 109.3 billion rubles.

Fertilizers

The main owner of Akron, Vyacheslav Kantor, began to form the holding in 1993, when, after an environmental impact assessment at the Novgorod chemical plant, Azot decided to take part in its privatization and bought almost half a ton of vouchers. The holding also includes an enterprise in the Smolensk region and a plant in the Chinese province of Shandong. In 2012, Acron commissioned Oleniy Ruchey, the third largest apatite concentrate producer in Russia, adding its own phosphate feedstock to nitrogen. The Verkhnekamsk Potash Company, a potash project being developed by Acron, is going to include a consortium of Indian chemical companies.

81. Miratorg

Revenue: 74.05 billion rubles

(company data)

Headquarters: Moscow

President: Viktor Linnik

Number of staff: 20,000

EBITDA: 23.2 billion rubles.

Agroprom

The brothers Viktor and Alexander Linniki created the agro-industrial holding Miratorg in 1995, earning start-up capital for organizing leisure and accommodation for foreign tourists in Moscow. One of these guests advised Linniki to start importing European products. Their company is still one of the largest Russian meat producers and importers. In 2014, the total sales of Miratorg increased by 14% to 493,000 tons. The holding increased the share of its own production in the total sales to 77%.

82. Transoil

Revenue: 73.8 billion rubles (RAS)

Headquarters: St. Petersburg

CEO: Vladimir Sokolov

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Transport

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Headquarters: Novosibirsk

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Non-ferrous metallurgy

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Headquarters: St. Petersburg

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Mechanical engineering

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Agroprom

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Transport

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Mechanical engineering

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Number of staff: 15,000

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Agroprom

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Headquarters: St. Petersburg

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Net debt: 48.2 billion rubles

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Non-ferrous metallurgy

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Construction

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Non-ferrous metallurgy

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Headquarters: Moscow

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The property

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Agroprom

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Construction

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Transport

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Transport

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Construction

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Construction

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Agroprom

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Agroprom

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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The property

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Trade

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Agroprom

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Headquarters: St. Petersburg

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Trade

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Trade

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Trade

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Net profit: 6.1 billion rubles

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Petrochemistry

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Headquarters: Novosibirsk

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Number of staff: 18,000

Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Transport

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Ferrous metallurgy

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Construction

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Headquarters: St. Petersburg

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Trade

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Number of staff: 1500

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Petrochemistry

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Mechanical engineering

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Agroprom

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Construction

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Ferrous metallurgy

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Construction

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Power engineering

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Agroprom

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Number of staff: 20,000

Construction

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Headquarters: St. Petersburg

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Trade

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Construction

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Transport

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Trade

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Transport

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Transport

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Construction

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Ferrous metallurgy

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Power engineering

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Trade

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Number of staff: 14,000

Agroprom

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Construction

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Non-ferrous metallurgy

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Transport

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Agroprom

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Headquarters: St. Petersburg

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Construction

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Construction

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Agroprom

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Petrochemistry

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Agroprom

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Number of staff: 15 100

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Agroprom

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Headquarters: London

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Agroprom

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Power engineering

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Power engineering

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Construction

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Agroprom

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Trade

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Power engineering

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Mechanical engineering

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Headquarters: Krasnogorsk

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Construction

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Agroprom

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Fertilizers

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Construction

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Trade

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Headquarters: St. Petersburg

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Trade

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Petrochemistry

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Headquarters: Moscow

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Transport

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