Home food production. Food production. We open a meat shop

Many novice businessmen are thinking about manufacturing at home. This desire is fully justified, especially in connection with the realities of the present time. In the article, we will consider many ideas of home production and for each idea we will voice our vision of the situation. The article will be split into two parts. In each of the parts, we will touch upon certain issues related to the advantages of a home business, ideas of production in certain conditions, the sale of manufactured goods. Please, in the comments under the article, suggest your ideas for home production to supplement the article with new information.

Part 1

  • Home business benefits;
  • Production ideas in an apartment;
    - Food;
    - Needlework;
    - Ideas for men;
  • Seasonal production ideas;

Home production benefits

  1. The need to spend the lion's share of income on rental of premises ... This is home production. This issue is especially problematic for start-up entrepreneurs, where rents can eat up most of the profits.
  2. At first, such a production can be unofficially ... Of course, this is only a temporary measure, which, nevertheless, will help to get on its feet and gain a foothold in the chosen industry.
  3. Ability to adjust production volumes ... All costs will be driven by raw material costs. This allows you to change production volumes depending on the demand for the offered product.
  4. Minimum size attachments.
  5. The ability to make a profit almost immediately.

All this allows you to multiply the chances of success and significantly reduce the risks. Next, the most popular and profitable business ideas for production will be presented. In this case, they will be divided into blocks depending on the ability to work in an apartment or the need to carry out all the work in a private house.

Home production in an apartment

In this block, the direction of home production is highlighted, which can be done right in your apartment. For more convenience, we have divided ideas into thematic blocks.

Food

One of the most popular industries today is household... This demand is, first of all, due to the fact that the offered goods are everyday goods.

Fragrant pastries without leaving your home

It is not at all necessary to have a special education to cook homemade goodies. Many women who cook well are successful in this business. For work, you will need very little: a mixer, kitchen utensils. Any attentive hostess has it all in the kitchen. Additionally, you can purchase special equipment with which you can knead the dough.

A regular oven for small volumes will suffice. Special attention should be paid to baking recipes and their appearance. Taste and aesthetic qualities must be at their best so that buyers are interested in the product. You can subsequently sell baked goods on the street or fulfill orders from restaurants and coffee shops.

Homemade jam

Necessary costs: from 7-8 thousand rubles.

For such production additional equipment may not be required. For normal operation, you need: pots, jars with lids of different sizes (preferably small, as it will be easier to sell them), a seaming machine. As for raw materials, there are two ways to go: either buy products in stores or markets, or take everything you need from your own garden.

It should be noted that the profitability of such a business in winter is about 30%. But selling jam in summer is less profitable. Therefore, the workpieces made in the summer can be held until winter and sold at a better price.

Pickles

Necessary costs: from 10-12 thousand rubles.

Vegetables and mushrooms can be used as a base. The former can be grown independently or purchased at a bargain price from farmers, the latter can be harvested in the forest or purchased at markets. To work, you will need your own stove, cans, lids, a seamer and the actual raw materials. By the way, you don't have to limit yourself to cucumbers and mushrooms.

The following dishes are quite popular today: sauerkraut and pickled cabbage, Korean carrots. It is worth thinking in advance about product marketing. If the production is still very small, you can offer to buy something to your acquaintances, friends, neighbors.

Production of semi-finished products

Necessary costs: from 20-25 thousand rubles.

Here, an option is being considered when an entrepreneur is engaged in the manufacture of sausages, sausages, dumplings, dumplings from meat purchased from farmers or at meat processing plants. If the businessman plans to raise animals himself, then he will need a country farm in which he will keep livestock. In this case, you will need to obtain permission to carry out sales at the Sanitary and Epidemiological Station. All actions will have to be coordinated with them too.

Therefore, semi-finished products are the most acceptable option. At first, it is better not to make the assortment large. About 30 items will be more than enough. It is worth taking care of the cooking recipes. The tastier and more unusual the product is, the greater the demand for it will be.

For work, you will need ordinary kitchen utensils. Particular attention should be paid to the choice of knives, meat grinder. You will need a separate freezer for storing finished products and simple meat.

Homemade phyto tea

Necessary costs: from 4-6 thousand rubles.

Today, people increasingly monitor their health and well-being. That is why the demand for “healthy” products is growing rapidly. Various herbal teas are no exception. Moreover, the work does not require special tools and costs. Herbal gathering can be done on your own in the summer, leaving for nature. The missing ingredients can be purchased at the pharmacy.

In this case, the sale is best done dry. You can also think about beautiful packaging of goods - buy special bags, print labels with the manufacturer's phone number, name and composition of the collection. It is very important to respect the proportions. A variety of recipes and the addition of spices, aromatic herbs will only increase demand. For work, you will need measuring scales, containers and raw materials.

Packing bulk goods

Necessary costs: from 10-15 thousand rubles.

In this case, the sales volume will largely depend on how the packaging is designed. What can be packaged? Nuts, seeds, cereals. You can buy these goods at the base or at some warehouse, pack them at home and offer your neighbors to buy a package of goodies at a bargain price.

If you go to a more serious level, you will need a more detailed and professional approach to the creation of packaging. At first, you can do this manually. And gradually look for large customers who will be ready to buy products in bulk.

Needlework


This block contains such production formats that require special skills or talent from the entrepreneur.

Decorative ornaments made of polymer clay

Necessary costs: from 8-10 thousand rubles.

The main advantage over many stores will be individuality, uniqueness of the offered items. Technically speaking, the process is pretty straightforward. For work, you need special boards, knives of different sizes, material, small decorations in the form of sequins, beads, buttons, chains and more. In order for a product to be in demand, you need to put imagination, enthusiasm and skills into your products.

Low cost helps to get a decent income for products handmade.

Handmade boxes

Necessary costs: from 3-4 thousand rubles.

There are many options. They can be made from wood, shells, sequins, beads and other decorations. In this case, all costs are reduced to the purchase of the necessary raw materials. Interesting ideas, diagrams can always be found on the Internet.

Particular attention should be paid to the upholstery of the inside of the box, handles. If the product is rather large, it makes sense to insert a mirror in size into it. It is worth taking care of the creation of special fasteners for storing rings, earrings, chains.

Handmade stained glass

Necessary costs: from 14-18 thousand rubles.

Such decorations are used today to decorate the interior. Stained-glass windows are attached to walls, partitions, windows, doors. At the same time, the competition in this industry is not so high. Of course, it takes skill to work. Artistic ability is also encouraged. This work is quite laborious, but the pay will be impressive.

Depending on the technique, you may need: oil paints, epoxy resin, glue, gelatin, dyes. The drawing is applied to colored glass. This is usually done not with brushes, but with thin needles - it is with the help of them that the contours of the image are drawn, and only then they are painted.

Handmade soap

Necessary costs: from 8-15 thousand rubles.

Today many people buy similar products. Usually they are bought as a gift for a holiday. It is during the pre-holiday periods that the demand for this product is very high. To make soap, you will need: essence (base), aromatic oils, jewelry, special forms, fragrances. It is worth thinking about the recipes in advance. It is better to make the first batch very small and use it yourself.

You can earn even more by beautifully packing souvenirs. This will require special paper, ribbons, bows, strings. You can attach a contact phone number to presentations so that the recipients of the gift can buy soap if they like it.

Manufacturing of frameless furniture

Necessary costs: from 5-6 thousand rubles.

In this case, we are considering an interesting novelty - the production of bean bags. These are such soft pear-shaped chairs. Each time they take the form of the body of the seated person. A similar product in stores costs about 6 thousand rubles. Moreover, the cost does not exceed a thousand.

For production you need a sewing machine, material, filler, threads. It is better to sell such products via the Internet. But it is also necessary to offer goods to friends as soon as possible.

Hand Toy Montessori


Necessary costs: from 4-8 thousand rubles.

It is also called a business board. Such products are in great demand among young parents. When making these toys, it is very important to think over all the details - from packaging to the quality of every detail. When creating your own model, you can borrow one of the existing ideas. In this case, you will not need a certificate permitting the use of the intellectual property object, since the business board is an object of folk art.

To create such toys, you do not need expensive equipment, and the materials are quite inexpensive. One such product can be sold for 5-15 thousand rubles. The best way to sell Montessori toys is online. Delivery by mail in Russia will not be so difficult. For work, you may need a variety of parts, a board to which they will be attached and tools for fastening.

Atelier at home


In fact, it is no different from the usual one, except in terms of production volumes. At the same time, the seamstress will receive all the profits, which can significantly reduce the final cost of the product. The work will require special knowledge, skills, work experience. The demand for a master may mean that he will initially have regular customers who can bring several more people with him.

For work you will need: a sewing machine, a place for cutting, overlock, knives, scissors, consumables, buttons, lace, ruffles, locks, zippers and more. In this case, materials can be purchased at the expense of the customer or work with those already selected. Author's things high Quality much appreciated today.

Handmade souvenirs

Necessary costs: from 6-50 thousand rubles.

Here you can work in one of two directions: hand made or manufacturing business products ... In the second case, we mean advertising products applied to different surfaces (pens, T-shirts). The first format is more seasonal. In this case, for work, you may need consumables in the form of fabrics, beads, wood, and others. But for working with promotional gifts, the initial costs will include the purchase of professional equipment. Everything here will depend on the choice of direction.

You can work with:

  • ceramic surfaces (decal or silk-screen printing);
  • plastic;
  • fabric (embroidery, thermal drawing);
  • metal (laser engraving).

In this case, you may need various machines, presses, MFPs, printers. It is cheaper to buy such equipment in China.

Decoupage

Necessary costs: from 13-15 thousand rubles.

You can decorate with this technique a variety of items, including furniture, napkins, tablecloths. Almost anyone can do this. It is only important to be diligent and be patient. Over time, skills improve the quality of work. That's when you can do decoupage for sale.

For work you will need: glue, brushes, sponges, paints, primer, sandpaper, a special decoupage agent, blanks from different materials (wood, cardboard, glass, etc.) and decor items. You can sell such products to acquaintances and friends. The best thing to do is to supply online. You can even start only from your city, and then expand production.

Magnets as a gift


Necessary costs: from 7-9 thousand rubles.

To many, this type of business seems frivolous due to the low cost of the products. In fact, you can make very good money on this. The originality of the manufactured products and their aesthetic component will be important factors. You can work in several directions at once:

  • magnets with inscriptions;
  • funny and funny items;
  • educational magnets for children or even whole sets;
  • calendars with magnets;
  • holiday magnets for certain holidays.

At the same time, not so much is needed to organize such a production. First, you need the magnets themselves, on which the main structure will be attached. But the surface can be designed as you like - make something out of wood, plastic, paint on glass, make engraving, use polymer clay.

Home Production Ideas for Men


The ideas below are most typical for men. That is why we have separated them into a separate block. This does not mean at all that a woman cannot engage in these activities.

Glass engraving

Necessary costs: from 20-35 thousand rubles.

When it comes to hand engraving with the help of special devices, then such a production can be placed directly in the apartment. If you plan to use a special compressor and stencils, then it is better to deploy activities in a separate house or garage. The main advantage this business is its exclusivity. Not so many people are engaged in such work. You can do this as a hobby and get pretty good money for it. In addition to tools, you will also need material on which inscriptions and drawings will be applied.

Manufacturing of belts and leather accessories


Necessary costs: from 25 thousand rubles.

This product is popular with people different ages... The demand for the idea also lies in the fact that the accessory will be made manually, which adds exclusivity and originality to it. For work, you will need leather, special hole punches, machines for sewing edges, jewelry. The profitability of this idea is at least 300%.

Pig skin can be used as material, for example. You can buy it from local farmers for 200 rubles (price for one belt). In this case, sales can be carried out via the Internet.

Production of keys


Necessary costs: from 90 thousand rubles.

You can set up a mini-workshop at home. The payback of this business is attracting many entrepreneurs. Moreover, the production technique does not require any additional skills. To be able to work with different types of keys, you will have to purchase machines of different types. For the first time, 4–5 different ones are enough. Each of them can cost about 14-70 thousand rubles.

It is better not to buy Chinese-made machines, as they often break down within a year after the start of use. You will also need material for making duplicates. As a related production, you can repair watches, locks, clothes. This idea is highly cost effective. The mark-up for one duplicate can be about 500-1000%.

Seasonal home production

This section includes those types of production that are considered seasonal. This means that the rest of the time you have to do something else to get tangible profits.

Making brooms for a bath


Necessary costs: from 20-25 thousand rubles (the cost of the car is not included).

You can harvest brooms from July to August. But you can sell them at any time of the year. In other months, it is not recommended to make brooms, as they will be of lower quality. Today most often people buy the following types of brooms:

  • birch;
  • oak;
  • lime.

It is on them that you need to focus. You can add medicinal or aromatic herbs to them. In order to safely use forest resources, it is necessary to conclude an appropriate contract with the forestry. The collection of material can be done directly in the forest, and drying - in a separate room. This can be done at home if there is a separate room for this. Do not exclude the option of going out of town to your own house. The profitability of such a production is about 100-150%. For work you need an ax, a car for transporting goods, materials for a bunch of brooms.

Making felt boots


Necessary costs: from 40–45 thousand rubles.

This business idea consists in processing sheep wool and making felt boots from it. This type of production is seasonal, since warm footwear is mainly needed in December – February. The rest of the time the business generates significantly less income. This type of footwear is especially relevant for residents of villages and cities of the northern region.

In addition, the cost of the final product can be increased due to exclusive design and decor. In the summer, you can, if you wish, make car rugs, slippers, bags. For work you will need: pure wool, a carding machine, a felting machine, a post, a rolling pin. The creation process is quite complicated. Before tackling this business, it is worth studying the relevant literature, watching training videos.

Making kvass at home

Necessary costs: from 50 thousand rubles.

If the production is small, you can limit yourself to an apartment. Larger events are best done in a separate private house. This business is especially profitable during the hot season. Today the following types of kvass are most popular in Russia:

  • bread;
  • fruit;
  • berry.

Small-scale production can do without special equipment, but large-scale production will require purchasing: barrels or stationary stands, kegs, bottling equipment, containers, cooler. You can sell goods on the street. Then you will need a special rack and chair. You can supply products in bulk to coffee shops, summer bars.

There are many studies on the web that claim that chocolate is extremely unhealthy and is the source of many diseases, but there are also studies that claim that chocolate is good for health and significantly improves mood, especially for people who are depressed.

Recently, a strange trend has developed in the world, often the main trend, accompanied by trends that seem to be opposite. But if you dig deeper, it turns out that these trends not only do not interfere with each other, but also help to coexist.

It's no secret that buying a pig in a poke is a very dubious event. Gone are the days when bright packaging or original product names attracted buyers who were ready to buy an unfamiliar product without looking.

Aren't you scared by the name of our business idea? Or maybe on the contrary, did it surprise you? In our article we will talk about a new drink that began to be made in Holland - Liquid Smoking.

Liquid Innovations believes that for the person who is very hungry, meat will be the main dish to satisfy hunger. But, unfortunately, in order to satisfy hunger with a meat dish, you must have at least a place where you can safely eat it and time to cook this dish.

Everyone knows domino's Pizza pizza chain has launched a new advertising company , which is called "You have 30 minutes to ...", this company in its concept is aimed at increasing the orders of pizza that can be made via the Internet.

If you have a great love for beer, then you can make a business out of it! The brewing business has a fairly high potential for profit growth, in addition, it is pleasant for the soul.

Marketers all over the world are constant in their striving to improve human life, which they just didn’t come up with to make our life simple and comfortable. This is especially difficult to do now, when the client is picky and difficult to speak, that is, when it is almost impossible to convince him that this is the thing he needs most. After all, a person almost always clearly knows what he needs and what he does not want.

Whoever does not complain about the global financial crisis, because if before the money simply flowed into the bank account, today, to earn money, you have to “turn on” the brain, come up with new business ideas and implement them, reorganize the existing business.

You see in front of you, a unique invention - these are energy chips that have no analogues in the world, they are a new kind of entertainment for those who love to chew something while watching TV at this moment.

Quite often we think or hear from people that “I don’t want to dig in the ground in the garden, it’s easier for me to go to the market and buy”. And since there are such people, then you can think about your business, before implementing it, let's estimate the numbers? For example, the selling price of one kilogram of potatoes is equal to ten rubles. What food is a man's friend, of course - sausage, but a smiling sausage will surely be man's best friend. This is exactly what the business idea of \u200b\u200bthe "advanced" Feldhues employees is based on, who produce sausages with cheerful faces in cross-section.

Organization of a food production workshop

Food production project
Basic requirements for the premises
Characteristics of the premises for a production hall or factory


Chocolatier»)



Microbiology and chemistry of modern food production

Food packaging
Required permits and requirements for food production
Priority areas of food production

Marketing.
Advertising.


Financial plan.
Investments
Payback
Additional profit
Summing up

The opening of any food production in Russia can be very profitable business... Despite the fact that the stores offer a wide range of products from the product group, the state encourages the increase in the diversity of the consumer basket. In particular, we are talking about products that are consumed by Russians on a daily basis. Of course, the goal is to reduce prices and improve the quality of the entire range of food products.
If you analyze the assortment on retail counters in Russian Federation and, for example, in Italy, it can be noted that, despite the abundance, prices in the Russian Federation are quite high and manufacturers do not seek to reduce the cost, while the products are quite uniform. The variety of labels is expressed on the shelves. In practice, we can say that many russian products no face of its own. And we are not talking about image solutions that are presented within advertising campaigns, in about unique food qualities products.

If we consider the dynamics of development and production of products in the food industry, then there is a constant and intensive growth in production. As you know, in 1996-1998 the level of production fell by almost half in relation to the volume of production in the USSR, now the industry is practically restored, but has not yet reached the previous level in terms of production.

One of the ways to increase the volume of product production is undoubtedly attracting small and medium-sized businesses to the industry, which are able to provide regional markets and create the necessary variety of goods included in the consumer basket. At the moment, food production in the Russian Federation is mass fraction represented by large food factories and even their associations, which often reduces all antitrust measures to minimal efficiency.

Against the background of this situation with large producers, the state creates conditions for small full-cycle industries - for farms or their cooperatives, which have equipment for processing products on their basis. Of course, such farms have difficulties in implementation and relationships with large retail chains, which control the food market in a massive proportion. For retail chains it is more profitable to deal with a large supplier with a wide range of products than with small farms in the regions. This is not only due to the complication of business accounting, but also the impossibility of dictating value in the market. It is also not profitable for large enterprises to "let" small regional consumers into the market, since due to a potential increase in the quality of products of farmers or small industries, there may be a decrease in demand for factory products.

At the same time, there are always opportunities for the development and opening of a small, highly profitable food production with a small initial investment. We will consider this issue in the proposed review.

Despite the fact that there are general principles for organizing food production, a number of features are characteristic of certain types of business. If we consider the food industry, there are a number of areas that are most beneficial for small and medium-sized businesses. As part of the review, we will consider food production and its efficiency using the following examples, which are highly unique.

Confectionery production: production of sweets according to unique ("old") recipes
The peculiarity of this business will be in the quality of the raw materials used: cocoa butter, cocoa powder, high-quality milk powder, which do not contain chemical ingredients, including trans fats. At the same time, the manufactured products can be divided into products for children, adults - men and women, diabetic products and others. This approach will simplify product selection.

The main problem of large confectionery factories is that they produce the same type of products according to the same recipes, which also have a high cost and often quite low quality with chemical additives. In a small production facility, you can implement a variety of recipes for the preparation of chocolate and confectionery products with a short shelf life based on natural ingredients, having developed your own specifications ( technical conditions).

Production of fermented milk products: cheeses, yoghurts, sour cream based on french starter cultures
The peculiarities of this type of production consist in offering consumers an expanded range of dairy products with a short shelf life. The main goal is to offer consumers a diverse range of national fermented milk products based on natural starter cultures.

On the shelves of supermarkets, you can see mainly long-term storage yoghurts that do not differ in the original taste, foreign and national producers, in turn, striving to reduce the cost of production for raw materials (high maintenance costs large-scale production). Small business is not burdened with large infrastructure, therefore it can offer small batches of fermented milk products with unique qualities. The same situation is observed in the production of cheese.

Here are the names of fermented milk products that can be produced by small-scale production:
... yoghurts: "Francesca" for weight loss, Greek yoghurt (often used as a filler cream in confectionery), Turkish yoghurt Valide, bifidoyogurt, fitness yoghurt, yogurt Matsoni, Tan (Ayran), Katyk;
... curd mass: curd mass "Tema", curd "Lactonik", curds in chocolate;
... kefirs: bifidum, therapeutic and prophylactic, biokefir, acidophilus, acidolact turak, fermented baked milk
... cheeses: cream cheese "Formagio-fresco", "Philadelphia", "Mascarpone", "Feta", "Mozzarella", feta cheese, long shelf-life feta cheese, "Roquefort", "Dor Blue", "Stilton", "Gorgonzola Dolce" , "Jugas", "Camembert", "Brie", "Cheder", "Parmesan", etc.

The main problem of mass production is in unified technical conditions, due to which the original taste of the product and the applied recipe are lost. In addition, in order to reduce risks, factories produce only "hot" goods, use substitutes for ingredients. Similar products from different industries have almost identical prices. This situation not only does not imply competition (therefore, does not contribute to lower prices), but in general does not imply an increase in the diversity of the consumer basket. Meanwhile, dairy products are categorized in high nutritional value.
Small factories are more mobile and can offer small batches of fermented milk products with a wide variety of assortments. In the given example, the possible assortment is based on starter cultures for the manufacture of fermented milk products sold by BK Guilini (Germany), Sacco (Italy), Vitamax-E, Caglificio Clerici (Italy), Cargil (Ivory Coast), Lactin (Bulgaria), Meito.

Production bakery products: hot and fresh bread and biscuits
In the old days, bread was considered the main product in Russia. After the appearance of potatoes, bread consumption decreased, but it is still the most consumed product. Opening a small bakery to bake fresh bread is a good start for anyone looking to start a business. As an additional assortment, biscuits made according to original national recipes can be offered, which can attract a wide range of regular customers and provide a very decent income.

Production of canned food and fruit wine: jams, confitures, syrups, fruit wine
It is recommended to open a workshop for the production of canned products in the southern regions of Russia or regions with extensive forests, where fruits or wild berries are abundant. In these regions, the harvesting of fruits and berries has been simplified. In many villages and cities of the south, pears, apples, cherries, apricots are practically "junk" goods that can be bought at low prices for further processing.
As a rule, preserves, jams and confitures in stores do not differ in a variety of tastes. On the basis of a small production, it is possible to organize the production of jam according to traditional, national and original recipes. Berries and fruits can become raw materials for making berry wine, liqueurs and tinctures. Traditionally, such products are in great demand.

The food industry is one of the most government-controlled industries. First of all, strict control concerns the sanitary and epidemiological sphere. Sanitary standards are not only getting more complicated every year, but in general, the number of standards is growing.

Perhaps this is the only thing that will be difficult for a novice manufacturer to master. But the abundance of norms does not imply that it is impossible to understand them and comply with the requirements, while receiving a sufficiently high profit. Sanitary standards and requirements relate to three components of the future food business: premises, equipment and personnel.

The food production room must be equipped in accordance with the approved requirements. The main supervisory body for the design, construction and commissioning process is Rospotrebnadzor.

There are two options, within the framework of which conditions for the production of food products will be created in accordance with the legislation. The first one is the simplest, you need to find an empty room in which the food production was previously located. Obtaining documents from the owner of the leased building will greatly simplify the registration process.

The second option involves re-equipment and, accordingly, redesign of the premises specifically for food production. The project should be done by an architectural bureau, which has some experience in this direction, the appropriate permission and license for the design of catering and food industries.

A workshop located in a city area may have a store; when placing a workshop in an industrial zone, planning should take into account the costs of opening a store in the city area. Opening a retail outlet for the sale of products will cost 500,000-3,000,000 rubles.

Food production project.
A food production project should have standard sections for buildings related to non-residential buildings:
- architectural and construction, which contains plans and schemes of premises and features of redevelopment for a new production;
- technological, implying a layout plan production equipment;
- a section covering the power supply system;
- Ventilation and air conditioning;
- heating and water supply system;
- Fire safety;
- occupational Safety and Health.

The finished project must be submitted for approval to Rospotrebnadzor. The supervisory authority, for its part, must check the compliance of the project with sanitary standards. The project must be coordinated with a number of supervising services: fire brigade, utilities management, energy sales, city architecture department. After approval of the project, the reconstruction should be carried out construction organizationslicensed and / or included in the corresponding SRO.

Basic requirements for the premises.
Here are some of the existing requirements for a food production facility, which are valid for everyone who wants to open a workshop:
1. The premises must comply with the current hygiene standards, the walls must be faced with glazed tiles at least 2.5 meters from the floor. When laying, non-toxic mixtures are used, which is reflected in the project. The rest of the surface is covered with a special paint for food production without toxic fillers.
2. Walls in warehouses must be treated with lime.
3. Particular attention in the project is paid to ventilation and lighting, in all production areas there must be a maintained humidity level.
4. The water supply and sewerage systems in the workshops are divided into three components: the main elements of the production water supply, built-in personal hygiene items, and a floor outlet. The sewage system must be protected from blockages.
5. Equipment and furniture must have sanitary certificates from SES. Equipment with metal or plastic surfaces is recommended.
6. It is required to take into account the parameters of electrical and fire safety and implement protection against electrical shock, cables are laid at a height of 2.5-3 meters in thermal protective casings. The production should have a centralized switch, as well as an automatic shutdown system.
7. The main requirement for food production facilities is the presence of a buffer zone between the office and production areas.

Characteristics of the premises for a production hall or factory.
Any object with an area of \u200b\u200b200-100 square meters can be selected as a production facility for a small workshop. meters, maximum 500 sq. meters. Of course, the size of the premises depends on the needs of production. The premises should have an office, warehouses for raw materials and finished products and production itself. A small factory can be located on an area of \u200b\u200b1000 sq. meters. When choosing a room, it makes sense to invite an expert from Rospotrebnadzor.

Many equipment suppliers offer their design and installation services. IN russian conditions this project can only be taken as a basis. As mentioned, the design of food production is carried out by the bureau with the appropriate permission for these types of work. If a package of equipment with specific requirements is installed at the future enterprise, the project of the equipment supplier should form the basis of the project, which will subsequently be coordinated with Rospotrebnadzor.
Consider the examples of the complete set of workshops proposed in the examples.

Workshop for the production of confectionery ("Chocolatier»)
Making Chocolatiers or sweets according to original recipes is only coming into fashion now. Several stores have appeared in Moscow, but there are still very few of them, and prices are often very high. With the optimal combination of price and recipe, the product will sell well. Of course, the equipment for the production of "Chocolatier" can be supplemented with equipment for the production of mass chocolate products, for the workshop you will need:
- to maintain temperature and humidity, a Mitsubishi Heavy air conditioner of the SRK ZMP-SInverter series is enough - 2600 rubles;
- industrial refrigerator - 24,000 rubles;
- induction cooker - 3000 rubles;
- planetary mixer for 4-6 liters - 28,000 rubles;
- tempering machine (with a volume of 200 kg per month) - 340,000 rubles;
- pyrometer - 4000 rubles;
- guitar for cutting fillings (from 200 kg / month) - 50,000 rubles;
- hairpin for 10 cells - 10,000 rubles;
- production tables - 3 pcs., 30,000 rubles;
- stainless steel trays - 10,000 rubles;
- inventory - 50,000 rubles.
Total: with a production volume of 100 kg / month of chocolate - 189,000 rubles, with 200,000 kg / month - 631,000 rubles

The equipment is designed for the work of 1-2 confectioners who can perform work on the manufacture of chocolatiers at the rate of 100-200 kg of chocolate; a room with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 100 m2 is required. The workshop requires a washing area.

The shelf life of sweets depends on the fillings. To increase the period, you can use ready-made fillings, but the quality of the candies will be worse. The average shelf life of truffles is from 1 week to 6 months. Business advice is provided on the Shokolate.ru website. The company supplies equipment, chocolate from Callebaut (Belgium) and Cacao Barry (France), as well as all the necessary range of fillings and packaging.

Fermented milk products workshop
The choice of equipment for the production of yoghurt is determined by the technological process, which involves:
1. Acceptance of raw milk and its purification by means of a special filter.
2. Prepared milk is separated and normalized, the process allows leaving the required amount of fat;
3. The mixture is made according to the recipe and dispersed until smooth;
4. Pasteurization is carried out at 95-98 ° С, the mixture is cooled and the starter culture is added. The fermentation process takes 2-7 hours. Fillers are also added.

Required equipment:
- unit for pasteurization and cooling of dairy products;
- milk mixing unit;
- packing line.
Total: the equipment will cost 2,800,000-4400,000 rubles.

You will definitely need several refrigerators - 28,000 * 3 \u003d 84,000 rubles. The workshop can serve 4-5 people, the volume of production based on raw materials is 2-4 tons of milk, the product yield is 1.9-3.8 liters of yogurt. Initial investments 4,600,000 rubles.

Bakery workshop - mini bakery
For baking bread you will need (minimum configuration, home format):
- dough mixer (PRISMAFOOD IBM 5) - 40,000 rubles;
- convection oven (Unox XF 023) - 28,000 rubles;
- freezer (DELFA DCFM-300) - 14,500 rubles;
- in the absence of electricity generator FORTE FGD6500E - 36000.
Total: 50,000 rubles.

For a mini-perkarni, you can rent a small room in a supermarket, convert an apartment into commercial premises... The premises are recommended to be rented or bought in a residential area. The minimum size of the workshop premises is 50 sq. meters, in addition, you need to take into account the office, retail space, as well as a warehouse for flour and finished products. The volume of production is 200 kg of bread per day.

It should be noted that small bakeries are considered to be workshops with a capacity of 60-250 kg of products per hour or 0.2-3 tons per day. For comparison, the bakery produces 40-50 tons of bread per day.

Mini-bakery with greater performance:
- flour sifter (PV-250) - 24,000 rubles;
- kneading machine (PRISMAFOOD IBM 5) - 40,000 rubles;
- dough divider (A2-HTN) - 60,000 rubles;
- Rounding device (Vitella SE M 37) - 160,000 rubles;
- dough forming machine (JAC UNIC) - 42,000 rubles;
- proofing cabinet - 32,000 rubles;
- bakery - 20,000-108,000 rubles;
- trays, baking sheets, forms;
- scales;
- production tables 3 pcs. - 30,000 rubles.
Total: 496,000 rubles.

The baking workshop should be about 40 sq. meters, you will need a warehouse for flour - 20 sq. meters.
Some companies sell mini-bakery kits. For example, completing a bakery from the ProdTechnika company up to 50 kg per hour will cost 206,939 rubles.
Some companies, for example, the Le Pysh trademark, offer the construction of a turnkey mini-bakery, the package of documents includes technology, recipes, equipment, and a project of the premises. The equipment is provided on lease (this is a special form of credit when the equipment becomes the property when its cost is paid in full to the supplier).

Workshop for the production of canned berries
When purchasing workshop equipment, you can focus on the technological lines created by manufacturing enterprises for small businesses. One such example is the equipment of the Yagoda mini-canning shop of the Prombiofit company.
Production of jam from berries, ground with sugar, with hot filling in plastic cups, "euro-twist" glass jars, plastic buckets, production volume up to 1250 kg / shift.
The total cost of equipment on a turnkey basis: 1184400 - 1352900 rubles.
The company also offers technological lines:
- for packaging milk products "Milk" - 259,400 rubles;
- for packaging vegetable oil "Oil" - 254,900 rubles;
- for the production of bottled water "Aqua" - 219,000-314,900 rubles;
- for packaging honey "Medofit +" - 200,000-264,000 rubles.

Opening a small food production facility will certainly involve hiring personnel. On average, mini-workshops employ from 2 to 10 people. The productivity of the equipment can be increased if the workshop will work in 2 shifts, in this case it will be required additional workers... Let's continue our consideration of the proposed examples.

Workshop for the production of confectionery ("Chocolatier"), employees:

- for volumes up to 200 kg of chocolate / month - 1-2 confectioners - 2 * 35,000 rubles;
- for volumes up to 350 kg of chocolate / month - 2-4 confectioners - 4 * 35,000 rubles;
- HoReCa driver / distributor - 25,000 rubles +%;
- for volumes up to 350 kg / month, the sales assistant - 15,000 rubles +%;

- online store administrator - 20,000 rubles +%;
- online store courier - 12,000 rubles +%;
- if there is a retail outlet and a coffee shop, 2 sellers and 2 waiters will be required - 2 * 20,000 + 2 * 13,000 rubles, the amount is below average, since not a full working week is meant.

Thus, when opening a workshop for the production of "Chocolatier", the working infrastructure depends on the volume of products produced and methods of sale. In this case, the figures are given for a workshop that sells products in the HoReCa segment, through delivery via an online store and using its own retail outlet and cafe. The details of how to open a cafe-restaurant can be found here.

As a result, monthly costs confectionery shop for personnel will be:
- the volume of chocolate processing up to 100 kg / month, the equivalent of 250 kg of sweets sold in HoReCa and through the online store - 228,000 rubles;
- with a volume of up to 350 kg per month, up to 875 kg of sweets with sale in HoReCa and through an online store and in our own cafe - 370,000 rubles.

Fermented milk products workshop, employees
For the shop of fermented milk products you will need next staff:
- director - 70,000 rubles +%;
- 4-5 employees - 5 * 35,000 rubles;

- watchman / cleaner - 2 * 11,000 rubles;
- if there is a Dairy Kitchen outlet at the shop, you will need 2 sellers - 2 * 20,000 rubles.

Average personnel costs of an enterprise producing yoghurts and dairy products with its own Dairy Kitchen outlet will be 321,000 rubles / month.
Bakery workshop - mini bakery, employees
A mini-bakery will require the following staff:
- director - 70,000 rubles +%;
- 2-3 bakers - 3 * 22,000 rubles;
- driver / distributor in stores like "Discounter" - 25,000 rubles +%;

As a result, the monthly cost of wages in the mini-bakery will amount to 192,000 rubles.

Workshop for the production of canned berry products, employees
The following personnel will be required for the jam cannery:
- director - 70,000 rubles +%;
- 2-3 employees - 3 * 22,000 rubles;
- driver / distributor in stores like "Discounter" - 25,000 rubles +%;
- watchman / cleaner - 11,000 rubles;
- if there is a retail outlet at the shop, 1 seller will be required - 20,000 rubles.

As a result, the monthly salary costs in the cannery will also amount to 192,000 rubles.

Please note that these numbers do not include payroll taxes that are charged to the business. The final calculations must be done by an accountant. Food production is in the zone of strict control by state bodies, so the use of "gray" accounting methods is impractical. The work of the technologist should be entrusted to the director or the head of the food production department.

Food production processes.

The principle of any production is based on a number of well-known physical processes that are used in the technology of processing raw materials into food products.

Among the processes of food production, it is customary to distinguish:
- kinematics of hydravitational sedimentation;
- processes of mixing liquid media;
- fluidized bed hydrodynamics;
- extraction processes;
- distillation processes;
- processes of thermal processing of food products.

The theoretical basis for food production is based on a specific processing technology that must be purchased or developed in accordance with existing requirements. Based on the existing technological process, a technological line for processing raw materials is being formed. Optimization of production can affect both increasing the nutritional value of a product - meaning the maximum preservation of nutrients and the use of natural ingredients and additives that increase value - and increasing the efficiency of the production process.

As a result, food production must rely on technological process and regulatory documentation. Previously, GOST and industry standards were used, at the moment enterprises can develop technical specifications - technical conditions. TU implies some modification of the production process described in GOST, OST, GOST R. TU should be developed as part of TU - technical instruction.

Products must be sold in trading floor or should be carried out using delivery, the implementation processes should also be reflected in the technical specifications and TI. These documents must be approved by Rospotrebnadzor and the Center for Standardization and Metrology (CSM). It should be noted that Rospotrebnadzor has a technical specification approval procedure, which implies non-disclosure of information about the product's recipe.

After approval, the technological process at the enterprise should be reflected in the following documents:
- in the catalog list of products approved by the FMC;
- TU portfolio, agreed with Rospotrebnadzor and FMC;
- a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion issued by a subordinate body of Rospotrebnadzor.
You can also request expert opinions from the FMC and Rospotrebnadzor if you wish.

The use of modern chemistry and microbiology in food production in some cases makes it possible to increase profits at times. In turn, consumers who are familiar with such "shenanigans" prefer organic products that are prepared using traditional technologies and using natural ingredients. Why is this happening? To answer this question, it is enough to get acquainted with some examples that have become possible thanks to modern chemistry and its use in food production.

High costs russian production motivate some manufacturers to overuse chemicals. For example, boiled pork, smoked meat can be processed using a water-soy substance, as a result, the finished product increases its mass by 2-3 times.
A classic example is smokeless smoking, which was proposed in 1814 by V.N. Karamzin, as a result, the time for smoking fish or meat is reduced from 6-7 hours to 4-6 minutes. Surrogate smoking is achieved by ionizing the product in a strong electric field. It is obvious that the nutritional value of the product is minimal, and its natural origin questionable.

In the food industry, proteins from animal blood are also widely used, which is processed at meat processing plants in order to reduce the cost of the production process. The blood contains three categories of proteins - albumin, fibrinogen, globulins, which are extracted and used as an ingredient in food products. In the food industry and the agricultural sector, canned whole blood is actively used, as well as individual parts: hemoglobin, plasma, plasma without fibrin and fibrin.
Dried plasma proteins are used in food production instead of expensive egg whites, for example, in confectionery, sausage shops and bakeries. Beef is replaced with whole blood and added to the product, saving for 1 ton is 150,000-180000 rubles.

Most meat industries use a so-called fortifier, which is made from 1 part of blood and 3 parts of milk skim (waste), it is added to boiled sausages and pates to give a pink color to the product.
Microbiological methods for the extraction of a protein product are being actively introduced, which is especially important in conditions of a decreasing natural biological protein. Converting just 2% of annual oil production using microbiological methods into protein could yield 25 million tons of protein, enough to feed 2 billion people a year.

There are also quite rational microbiological technologies that can increase the nutritional value of products. As a striking example, we can cite hematogen, which is obtained from defibrinated and stabilized blood mixed with food glycerin. Hematogen is a valuable food supplement, as its use can increase the production of red blood cells, which is especially indicated for weakened people. They also make a confectionery product - children's hematogen.

The use of modern food ingredients in food production is the manufacturer's choice. Still, small industries can produce high quality organic products with a fairly high profit margin and use only proven natural ingredients. Despite the higher cost, the products will be consumed as they are designed for a narrow circle of buyers and are produced in small volumes.

Food ingredients production
Within the framework of food production, the production of food ingredients that are used in the manufacture of final products should also be considered as a business. The main advantage of this direction of production is wholesale and practically guaranteed sales. Also, food ingredients have a longer shelf life, which has definite advantages when planning a business.

Food technology involves the processing of fresh products into dry, extracted mixtures. The mixtures can be used as additives, be reconstituted for the subsequent production of the final food product. A wide variety of ingredients is offered and the list of proposals is not only constantly updated, but always in demand.

An example is the processing of fresh fruit into dry mixes. For example, pear, peach, cranberries in the form of powder, pieces, small fractions are used to make dietary supplements and tea, baby food, confectionery, berry fillings. It makes sense to locate a workshop for the production of food ingredients based on low-temperature and vacuum drying in places where there is a large amount of non-processed fruits. It should be noted that such processing involves unsorted raw materials, therefore, its cost is low.

Baking soda and baking salt are also highly sought after food ingredients with unlimited shelf life and guaranteed sales. Manufactures are created in places of accumulation of fossil natural resources.

For example, the Krym Soda enterprise produces heavy and light soda ash from the following raw materials:
- high quality limestone of Crimea;
- brine from Lake Sivash;
- coal - from Donbass anthracite;
- ammonia water - waste from chemical plants.

Edible salt can be made from salt water, such as the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, or rock salt deposits. It is processed into "Extra" grade salt; enriched salt (iodized) is also produced.

The packaging of products in food production according to well-developed and available on the market options allows us to produce products not only packaged in accordance with sanitary standards and rules, but also to create a bright image.

The packaging must comply with current health and safety standards. Here are the basic requirements for the packaging material SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01:
- absence of highly toxic substances with cumulative and specific effects on the human body, exceeding the current standards;
- should not change the organoleptic properties of the product, that is, be neutral;
- the material used in the packaging must be included in the list of permitted packaging materials, ensure high-quality storage during the entire shelf life.

Packaging is divided into technological and packaging. We are talking about both the packaging of products in the final container, and technological packaging that allows you to transport goods and deliver them undamaged. There are a number of ready-made solutions that are offered at highly demanded prices. The packaging market is constantly expanding.

Required permits and requirements for food production.

The main regulatory provisions concerning the production process at a food enterprise are contained in GOST R 50762-95 and in "GOST 30389-95 Catering... Classification of enterprises ".

To put into operation in production, you will need:
- to coordinate the construction project with Rospotrebnadzor and supervised services that control the compliance of the food production characteristics with the current standards;
- agree on the TU portfolio and approve the list of products;
- to obtain a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of Rospotrebnadzor form N 303-00-5 / y for the entire list of products manufactured in accordance with GOST, OST, GOST R and TU;
- together with Rospotrebnadzor, a plan of measures for production control of the shop is being developed;
- certification and declaration of products as required.
Strict sanitary and epidemiological requirements relate to the organization of work in the shop and the rules of personal hygiene of workers. All employees must receive a sanitary and technical minimum for large enterprises a sanitary checkpoint should be organized.
The main requirements for an employee include:
- short-cut nails, hair tucked under a kerchief or a cap, adherence to personal hygiene standards;
- employees must work in special overalls;
- during the manufacture of products, do not touch with bare hands and work without gloves;
- workers must undergo a medical examination.

Priority areas of food production.

The state constantly creates incentives for the development of the food industry in order to ensure the country's food security. At the moment, the segment of food production is actively expanding due to mini-productions and attracting small and medium-sized businesses to the sector of the economy. For these purposes, preferential tax conditions are being created.

According to the vision of the Government of the Russian Federation, the priority types of production activities include:
- manufacturing of dairy products and dairy products of the "premium" category, including enriched products;
- production of baby food;
- meat production;
- production of bread and bakery products;
- manufacturing of semi-finished products;
- production of confectionery.

Taking into account the interest of the state, developing business in the proposed areas, one can count on receiving benefits, subsidies, soft loans and other privileges.

Marketing.
Marketing activities for small food production are reduced to the development of several sales areas. We are talking about the restaurant segment HoReCa, deliveries in the hypermarket chain of supermarkets, discounters, sales through our own outlets.
As a rule, small production facilities are designed for regional sales and consumption, therefore, individual work with a potential consumer and design material for advertising products on the spot is of great importance. retail sales, the so-called POS materials.

Advertising.
Advertising of food production is carried out extremely rarely and only within the framework of brand and brand. To advertise products in partner retail outlets, you will need various POS: posters, posters, price tags, flyers, wobblers, etc. These types of printing work are used for effective local advertising.

If you have your own retail outlet, you need to distinguish it from the background of other stores. This can be done using signage and city lights. To promote goods in the HoReCa segment, make booklets and brochures with information about your production, and a product card, according to which you can order and select the desired products.

Total costs for advertising
Printing products, production volume per year:
- price tags, wobblers, shelf stockers, calendars and business cards (at the rate of 1 sheet of A2 format, circulation 1000 pieces, cardboard of the "Arctic" grade, 200 g / m2) - 32,000 rubles;
- A4 booklets 1000 pcs. - 8000 rubles;
- production brochures 8 pages A4 with a cover - 16,000 rubles;
- posters-posters 1000 pcs. A2 format - 20,000 rubles.
Total: 76,000 rubles.
The figures are approximate, as prices in design studios and printing houses differ significantly.

Searching for customers and concluding contracts for the supply of products
Wholesale buyers' portfolio is a guarantee financial sustainability enterprises. Bulk shipments should be structured to ensure that the shop floor reaches the break-even point. Wholesale in the sale of products by a mini-shop can reach 30-70% of the output. Usually the conclusion of contracts is carried out sales representativeswhich, in addition to wages at the rate, receive a percentage of sales from the existing trade margin. This form of organizing the work of distributors motivates employees to work better.

Financial plan.
As part of this review, we looked at a number of examples of small food production openings by small businesses. Now let's try to assess the benefits, including in relation to each other.

Investments.
Production workshop "Chocolatier»
Premises costs:
The cost of opening a workshop for the production of handmade chocolates will cost the following:
- production volume up to 100 kg / chocolate - 189,000 rubles;
- production volume up to 200 kg / chocolate - 631,000 rubles;
- production volume up to 350 kg / chocolate - 836,000 rubles.
Staff costs will be:
- production volume up to 100 kg / chocolate - 228,000 rubles / month;
- production volume up to 200 kg / chocolate - 228,000 rubles / month;
- production volume up to 350 kg / chocolate - 370,000 rubles / month.
Advertising costs: 76,000 rubles / year.
The cost of opening a retail outlet and re-equipping the premises for opening a workshop - 2-3 million rubles.

Fermented milk products workshop
Equipment costs: 2,800,000-4400,000 rubles.
Staff costs in the presence of a store "Dairy Kitchen" - 321,000 rubles / month.
Advertising costs (can be reduced, usually consumers remember products well) - 76,000 rubles / year.
The cost of opening the "Dairy Kitchen" and re-equipping the premises for the opening of the fermented milk products shop - 500,000 rubles.

Bakery workshop, mini bakery:
Equipment costs:
- mini-bakery "Domashnyaya", volume up to 200 kg / day - 50,000 rubles;
- mini-bakery "Prodtech", up to 50 kg / hour - 206,939 rubles;
- mini-bakery, up to 3 tons / day - 496,000 rubles;
Staff costs in the presence of a Bakery store - 192,000 rubles / month.
Advertising costs (can be reduced or eliminated due to sales through your own retail outlet) - 76,000 rubles / year.
The cost of opening a "Bakery" and re-equipping the premises for opening a mini-bakery - 500,000 rubles.

Shop for the production of canned products, jam:
Equipment costs:
- technological line "Yagoda" of the company "Prombiofit" - 1352900 rubles;
Personnel costs: 192,000 rubles / month.
Advertising costs: 76,000 rubles / year.
The cost of opening the re-equipment of the premises for opening a canning shop with its own store is 500,000 rubles.

Please note that the investment plan should include employee salaries for 2-6 months. For retail outlets and a workshop, two categories of premises were considered - in the city center and in residential areas, which implies different opening costs.

Payback.
The final calculations are carried out taking into account all the features of the newly opened mini-workshop. The initial investment includes the cost of purchasing raw materials for production, recipes, a formalized portfolio of technical specifications, employee training, taxes, rental of premises and utilities, as well as salaries of employees for 3 months. The analyzed examples can be used to assess the payback.

Production workshop "Chocolatier»
When purchasing equipment in the "Chocolatier" club and producing according to the recipes provided. The cost of the product is 600-1000 rubles per 1 kg, the average price of handmade chocolates is 2000-2500 rubles.

Total costs (estimated), including salaries of employees for 3 months and opening a retail outlet "in the center" - 3,949,000 rubles.

We accept the implementation equal to 70% of the maximum capacity of 0.7 * 250 kg of sweets \u003d 175 kg / month. The average revenue will be 350,000 rubles. In this case, the profit will be about - 175,000 rubles. The estimated payback period is 22 months. On average, the "Chocolatier" club estimates the return on investment of a confectionery shop in 1-2 years.

Fermented milk products workshop
Initial investment: 4,600,000 rubles (equipment and premises) + 321,000 rubles * 3 (personnel). Total 4,921,000 rubles.

The volume of production is 3.8 tons of yoghurt / day and 91 tons / month. The cost of realization is 200 rubles / kg. The revenue will be RUB 18,200,000. We take the average revenue at 70% workshop load - 12,740,000 rubles.
The prime cost of yoghurt is about 31 rubles per 1 kg, the cost of realization is on average 300 rubles per kg (Greek yogurt is taken as a basis).

To make a competitive price for consumers with high profits, we reduce the selling price by 30%. We receive revenue of 891,000 rubles / month, with a sales cost of 210 rubles, the cost of production will be about 130,000 rubles. Thus, the estimated income will be (-321,000 salaries) - 440,000 rubles / month.
The payback period of the workshop is 11 months.

Bakery workshop, mini bakery
For the assessment, let's take a mini-bakery "Prodtech", investments:
206,939 rubles (equipment cost) + 3 * 192,000 rubles (personnel) + 75,000 (advertising) + 500,000 (re-equipment of the premises) \u003d 1,357,000 rubles.

The cost price of 1 loaf in 1 kg is about 10 rubles. With a monthly production volume of 12 tons of bread, the proceeds will be (average selling price of 1 kg - 30 rubles) - 360,000 rubles. The income will be 240,000 rubles, after the payment of wages - 48,000 rubles. Payback 28 months.

The low profitability of the bakery is obvious due to the high cost of flour, in this case it is necessary to optimize the workflow and reduce personnel costs by increasing the volume of productivity. An increase in the cost of bread is also permissible.

Workshop for the production of canned products, jam
Total costs of starting a production, including salaries for 3 months: 2,504,000 rubles. Production volume 1250 kg / shift, respectively 30,000 kg for a six-day working week... Obviously, this production is seasonal, therefore, for an annual volume without conditions for long-term procurement, work should be taken in 6-8 months. Full year may be subject to availability greenhouses or purchases of fruits sourced from abroad. In this case, the income will be estimated approximately, since in different time year will be different cost of jam.

Production volume for 8 months: 240 tons of jam. Selling price 87 rubles / kg. The annual revenue will be 20,880,000 rubles. The cost of production in the canning industry is constantly changing, so we will conventionally take the figure of 43.5 rubles / kg. The revenue will be 10,440,000 rubles. Salaries for 8 months 1,530,000 rubles. Conditional income 8,910,000 rubles.
The payback period for the workshop is about 3 months, on average - 1 summer season.

Economic volatility and the problem of import substitution have a detrimental effect on the development of new market sectors. It should be noted that the negative trend almost did not affect the food production sector. Food is not only an integral part of human life, but also a source of inexhaustible consumer demand. Every day, more and more projects are being implemented aimed at the manufacture of food products and their distribution. As a rule, they specialize in the production of:

  • cheese;
  • sausages;
  • bakery products;
  • semi-finished products, etc.

When starting your own business, pay attention to the profitability of the chosen business idea. for the manufacture of food. First, determine the initial capital that you can invest at the startup stage. Financial opportunities are often decisive when choosing a business idea.

Secondly, the location of the workshop plays an equally important role in the implementation of a successful enterprise. Pleasant interior decoration and convenient transport location largely determine the success of future sales.

In the future, using a good premises, you will be able not only to manufacture, but also to sell the produced food products yourself. It is worth noting that the correct selection of premises can also significantly enhance the image of a start-up production specializing in food.

Thirdly, do not forget about competitors, the presence of which puts your idea at risk. Competent business planning will help you to increase guarantees and minimize production risks.

Cheese business

Today cheese is not only a favorite food product, but also a goldmine for aspiring entrepreneurs. The number of representatives of cheese making in Russia is not numerous. In this regard, the competitive advantage of this business sector is obvious:

  • high consumption of cheese products;
  • low level of competition;
  • guaranteed return on initial investment within 1 year.

To start production activities, it is necessary to find a room whose size will not be less than 400 square meters... On the territory, it is necessary to correctly locate several utility rooms, a food production workshop and a warehouse for storing finished products.

The next step is the purchase of specialized equipment, which can be classified into domestic and foreign.

Experienced managers believe that it is more profitable to purchase domestic equipment. This is due to the fact that the devaluation of the ruble and unstable price policy foreign exchange can at any time affect both the acquisition cost and the maintenance of the production line.

To open a mini-factory for the production of cheese, you will need the following equipment:

  • sterilizers;
  • ferment for sourdough;
  • equipment for feeding and forming the product;
  • containers for storing raw materials;
  • buffer tanks;
  • industrial molding.

A business idea and the cost of its full implementation can vary from four to eight million rubles.

Sausage shop

Today it is not easy to successfully implement a food business idea. Aspiring entrepreneurs often try to surprise the customer by offering a new product.

To take a stable position in the sale of finished products, it is necessary to cooperate with restaurants, hotels or mini-markets.

The food business idea has already gained popularity among entrepreneurs. Newbie traders often ignore the rules of successful grocery production and end up at a loss.

Success is not limited to the quality of raw materials. Successful distribution channels are also important today. The product range can be presented in the following format:

  • dietary or chicken;
  • home;
  • raw smoked;
  • boiled and others.

The successful implementation of this business idea can cost an entrepreneur from 5 to 7 million rubles.

Bread is the head of everything

Today, more than 60% of the market is focused on consumer products. While the remaining 40% are still open to the development of business ideas.

The main trend this year is considered to be diet bread. It not only perfectly satisfies hunger, but also cleanses the body. Special grain, fruit and even vegetable additives not only add new taste sensations, but also have a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora. By producing dietetic bakery products, you are guaranteed to ensure an increase in the profit of your company.

The production of bakery products can be carried out fully and partially. By maintaining partial technological equipment, you can save up to half of the initial capital. While the cost of a full-fledged line varies from 3 to 5 million rubles.

Semi-finished products

Making semi-finished products can be safely called one of the proven business ideas. Nowadays people value not only the quality of food, but also the speed of their preparation.

Among the buyers of semi-finished products, the following blanks are in greatest demand:

  • vareniki;
  • dumplings;
  • cutlets;
  • vegetable preparations;
  • fruit preparations.

The range of future products must be carefully thought out and based on current market trends. When properly managed, a manufacturing business idea can significantly reduce production risks and guarantee the company's success.

The cost of opening a line for the production of semi-finished products starts from 2 to 3 million rubles.

Whatever business you choose for implementation, remember that the main competitive advantage has always been and remains the quality of services provided.

Fedorova Alesya Alexandrovna asks:

Hello. I live in Ufa, I am not married and do not work. I love cooking, especially baking. Therefore, the idea arose about home business in a narrow confectionery area. I can't find answers to my questions on the Internet. Can you help? I plan to carry out the implementation through word of mouth, online store and distribution of leaflets. So far there is no money for renting premises, so home business. The actual questions are as follows:

  1. Do I need any permits to produce baked goods at home? And if so, which ones?
  2. Will the baker (i.e. me) need a health book?

Help me please.

Elena Aleksandrovna Gordeeva answers:

Hello, Alesya Alexandrovna! Any commercial activity in Russia requires state registration. You will need to register with the territorial tax office, choose a taxation regime, and submit reports on a regular basis. We have described the procedure for acquiring the status of an entrepreneur many times, and therefore we will pay attention only to the indicated issues.

Is it possible to open a pastry shop at home?

The preparation of bakery products is classified by the legislation of the Russian Federation as food production. In OK29-2007, there are two codes at once:

  • 81 - when releasing products of short-term storage;
  • 82 - when making baked goods with a long shelf life.

The inclusion of these codes in the register implies certain responsibilities. You declare yourself a direct manufacturer and are responsible for the quality of products.

According to article 7 of law 2300-1 as amended in 2015, the manufacturer is obliged to guarantee consumers complete safety. This should be taken into account not only when organizing a bakery and confectionery, but also in choosing raw materials, equipment, packaging.

The law does not establish a direct ban on the use of residential premises in the implementation of a commercial project. A problem may arise when claims are made by owners, neighbors or housing and communal services.

The current sanitary standards are established not only for products, but also for the conditions of their release. In particular, you will need (clause 3.3 SanPin 2.3.2.1324-03):

  • provide separate storage of raw materials and final goods;
  • purchase refrigeration and other equipment;
  • exclude the mixing of food products intended for personal use and commercial baking;
  • create conditions under which family members, pets are guaranteed to lose access to the place of production.

It is necessary to allocate a separate area for packing finished baked goods (GN 2.3.3.972-00). It is almost impossible to fulfill these requirements in a residential environment. Often, businessmen follow the path of isolating one of the rooms in an apartment. In this case, a separate exit is equipped. Even so, the risk remains during the audit.

Thus, you can create a bakery or pastry shop at home. However, such a placement will be a temporary measure, because at the very first check, representatives of the SES will have numerous questions. If the violations committed lead to the poisoning of people, more serious problems will arise - administrative or criminal prosecution, civil claims for compensation for harm, disqualification.

Do not forget about the rules for the use of living quarters. The organization of even small production within the walls of apartments does not correspond to their intended purpose. For example, users on a social contract run the risk of receiving an eviction notice.

When choosing a location, you will also need to be guided by the regulations in the field fire safety... This requirement is dictated by the presence of heat treatment technology.

What documents are needed? Approvals and Regulations

You will carry out commercial activities on the basis of a certificate of state registration... A standard set for an entrepreneur also includes an extract from the USRIP, a letter on the assignment of statistical codes, notifications of registration with extra-budgetary funds and a notice of the transition to one of the tax regimes.

Opening a bakery will require collecting:

  • texts of standards and sanitary and hygienic requirements for manufactured products (provided for by Decree of the Government of Russia No. 554);
  • flow charts for the production of each type of baked goods with justification of the expiration date;
  • production control programs (clause 2.5 of section II of SanPin 2.3.2.1078-1);
  • notification of the opening of a bakery (form in the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation 584).

ATTENTION!
The development of internal documents does not relieve the bakery owner from the need to actually analyze the finished product. During the inspection, SES representatives request protocols for the assessment of samples. You will need to independently research the organoleptic properties, composition and other characteristics, or periodically seek help from specialized laboratories. All major shops and catering establishments are required to have safety statements.

The sanitary and epidemiological conclusion will help to reduce the risk, as well as to gain the trust of customers. They receive it on a voluntary basis, on the basis of an application and applications:

  • copies of registration certificates;
  • information from USRIP;
  • documents for the premises;
  • technological maps, standards, control programs;
  • agreements with specialized companies on sanitizing the production area;
  • a contract for recycling and garbage collection;
  • copy of the medical book;
  • room processing logs.

Since you intend to organize a bakery at home, there is a high probability of issuing a negative opinion from the SES. This is the main problem in your business. However, the lack of a document is not an obstacle to the sale of baked goods.

IMPORTANT!
According to the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation 987 of December 21, 2000, representatives of the sanitary and epidemiological service have the right to inspect the bakery.

The form of state control is different:

  • inspection of the premises (i.e. your house / apartment);
  • research of the composition of products;
  • assessment of the completeness of the documentation and the compliance of its content with the applicable regulations.

Control is planned or unplanned. In the second case, the basis is consumer complaints, the prosecutor's presentation or the facts of mass poisoning.

Do I need a sanitary book?

It is impossible to avoid passing a medical examination and passing a full set of tests when organizing food production. The condition for a bakery employee to have a special medical opinion is provided for by Article 23 of Law 29-FZ of January 2, 2001. The normative legal act obliges manufacturers of bakery products:

  • to issue sanitary books for all workers in contact with products, tools and equipment;
  • provide hygienic training for employees.

You will have to go through the inspection regularly. The costs of the procedure can be included in the justified costs when calculating the tax.

We hope we have answered all your questions. Good luck.