Rational consumer. Presentation on the topic "rational consumer behavior" Presentation on the topic rational consumer
"Opportunity" - Suggest a way out of the situation. The hierarchy of the theory of needs according to A. Maslow. Limited resources. Each person sacrifices something when making a decision. Any choice comes at a cost. Consequences of limited resources: Anything that is valued by people as a means of satisfying needs. What are the two meanings of the word "economy"?
"Monopoly and competition" - The reasons for the formation and the main forms 3.2. Firm Behavior Under Monopoly 3.3. Oligopoly. 10. 3.1. Monopoly. Psc. The point of intersection of the curves MR and MC is the equilibrium point of the firm. R. Point of optimum and profit of the monopolist. MC.
“Costs and Profits of the Firm” - Association of Entrepreneurs. Firm. Types of Firms. Concepts of a firm and types of firms. Definitions. The economic conditions of the firm. Exercise # 1. Calculation of accounting and economic profit (thousand rubles). Full partnership - Limited partnership - Limited liability company - Joint stock company - Corporation - Holding - company -.
"Demand value" - Point elasticity. Unit elasticity (Еpd \u003d 1). Demand. Explain the reasons for your answer. The dependence of the amount of demand on the price level is called the scale of demand. The DD curve obtained on the graph (from the English demand - "demand") is called the demand curve. Demand law. Reasons for changing demand. Factors affecting demand.
"Capital" - Topic 6. Capital market and interest. Capital creation: Time preference rate \u003d rK. The gross investment takes into account the cost of reimbursement (depreciation). The peculiarity of the demand for investment. 30. Types of investments. The process of capital formation is sharply activated. 70. Net investment - gross investment less funds going for reimbursement.
"Rational Consumption" - 11. Hermann Gossen. (Rational consumer) - a consumer who always maximizes utility. 5. Food. Indifference curve. Clothing. 9. 13. Rational consumer.
There are 12 presentations in total
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Utility
- Rational consumer behavior is the desire to extract maximum utility for oneself.
- Is utility an objective or subjective property?
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Quantitative approach
Subjective assessment of the usefulness of goods in conventional units (yutil).
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Marginal utility (MU - marginalutility)
Increase in total utility by one additional unit of good (the last, additional).
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The law of diminishing marginal utility
As the volume of consumption of the good grows, its marginal utility decreases (and vice versa).
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Utility maximization rule
The rational consumer seeks to obtain maximum utility for every ruble of income.
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Budget line
- A line showing all the options for purchasing a set of two goods at the same cost.
- Can the position of the budget line change?
Slide 9
Consumer balance
The state of the consumer in which, by spending all income, he reaches the maximum overall utility.
Slide 10
Choose the best option
Slide 11
Think
Does the consumer always behave rationally? Why?
Slide 13
Family budget
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Engel's law
As family incomes grow, the share (share) of food expenses in the family budget decreases.
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Homework
- Chapter 5.
- Written: p. 48, back. 1, 3, 4.
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Economic indicators
- Nominal - econ. indicators expressed in current prices
- Real - econ. indicators expressed in constant prices
- Is it possible to assert on the basis of the increase in wages of state employees that the standard of living of state employees has increased?
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Living standard (well-being)
The level of material well-being, characterized by the volume of real income per capita and the corresponding volume of consumption.
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The quality of life
An indicator of a person's general well-being, which is broader than purely material security.
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Quality of life indicators
- Life expectancy (health)
- Access to cultural heritage
- Economic development
- Freedom level
- Infrastructure
- Climate
- Risks and threats
Slide 20
Human development index
It was proposed in 1990 by United Nations experts to assess the level of human development achieved in various countries.
Slide 21
HDI meters
- Health and longevity determined by life expectancy;
- Education, defined by a combination of two indicators - adult literacy and population coverage by three levels of education (primary, secondary and higher);
- The material standard of living, determined by the value of real GDP per capita, i.e. the value converted into dollars using purchasing power parity.
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HDI calculation method
- Achievements in each of these three areas are first evaluated as a percentage of some ideal, not yet achieved situation in any country:
- Life expectancy of 85 years;
- Literacy and coverage of the population with education at all three levels at the level of 100%;
- Real GDP per capita at $ 40,000
- Then a simple average of these three indices is calculated.
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Homework
- Chapter 5, 6;
- Written: p. 48, back. 1, 3, 4;
- p. 58, back. 3, 5.
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Rational consumer behavior consumer behavior structure of consumer needs rational consumer decision making Consumer economy
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Consumers in the economy: households and individuals as consumers of the firm's goods and services (producers) as consumers of investment goods the state as a consumer of goods and services in order to meet social needs Personal consumption Production consumption Social consumption
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Think about the difference in consumer behavior in the market and command and control systems of the economy? In market conditions, the consumer's choice is to maximize the utility from the consumption of goods and services. What other factors can you name that influence consumer choice?
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Usefulness of benefits Limited resources Fashion and dynamics of social demand Period of consumption (goods of short-term and long-term Consumption) Consumer choice
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Remember the definitions of the concepts: "good" "free goods" "economic goods" good All that a person uses to meet his needs. free benefits Benefits that are available to any consumer and do not require rejection of other benefits, i.e. can be consumed in unlimited quantities. economic goods Goods, the available volume of which is less than the need for them. These benefits are created by man and are not found anywhere in nature.
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Only that good that is useful for the consumer can satisfy his needs. Usefulness The satisfaction that a person receives from the consumption of goods, services. Subjective assessment of the product, which depends on the character, habits, taste, mood of the consumer and the conditions in which he finds himself.
Slide 9
Total marginal utility The total utility of the total amount of goods consumed. The more the quantity of the good is consumed, the greater its usefulness. At the same time, each subsequent unit of the good becomes less valuable as the consumer is saturated. Additional utility obtained as a result of the consumption of one more unit of good. The law of marginal utility:
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Document MU \u003d DU / X MU - marginal utility; U - utility; X - quantity of goods; D-small change Friedrich von Wieser, economist, representative of the Austrian school in political economy.
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2. Income and expenses of the consumer Income - funds in cash or in kind, received as a result of economic and financial activities of individuals, enterprises and the state. Nominal income Real income Disposable income the amount of money received by individuals during a certain period the number of goods and services that can be purchased for nominal income, taking into account changes in price levels Nominal income minus taxes and mandatory payments
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Sources of formation of nominal income Income from professional activities or salaries Transfer payments - gratuitous payments by the state (pensions, benefits) Income received through the credit and financial system (state insurance, interest on bank deposits, bank loans for individual housing construction, income from shares, bonds, lottery winnings, damage compensation payments)
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Sources of formation of nominal income Factor income (rent, interest, ...) Income from personal subsidiary farming Income from entrepreneurial activity
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In a market economy, protection of income from inflation is of particular importance. Indexation - an increase in nominal income depending on price increases
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The quantity and quality of benefits that can be purchased for income depend not only on the amount of income, but also on the rationality of spending. Expenses consumption savings food products non-food products services taxes bank accounts securities (shares) real estate insurance
Slide 16
The minimum necessary arbitrary expenses for food, clothing, transport, utilities, etc. on a tourist trip to buy books to buy a car, etc.
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Engel's Law As income increases, the share spent on essential goods decreases, while the share of expenditure on luxury goods increases.
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factors affecting household incomes population expenditures level of qualification level of wages dynamics of retail prices saturation of the consumer market with goods scale and efficiency of entrepreneurial activity inflationary rise in prices saturation of the consumer market with goods level of public confidence in banks level of income
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Preparing for the exam: 1. A typical feature of consumer behavior is 1) an increase in attention to the quantity of goods, and not to their quality with an increase in income 2) refusal to buy expensive things with an increase in income 3) an increase in spending on expensive goods with a decrease in income 4) spending most of the income of poor families is on clothing 2. Which of the following examples illustrates rational consumer behavior? 1) finding information about a product 2) finding the most popular product 3) evaluating the quality of a product by its price 4) following advertising
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3. Which of the following is an example of a consumer violation? 1) lack of opportunity to buy on credit 2) lack of advertising of goods 3) high price of goods 4) lack of reliable information about the goods 4. Violation of consumer rights guaranteed by law is 1) commodity deficit 2) market price of consumer goods 3) lack of information about goods 4 ) insufficient quantity of goods in stock
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5. What are the typical features of rational consumer behavior? 1) a decrease in spending on expensive goods with an increase in income 2) with any increase in income, there is no limit to spending money on food 3) an increase in attention to the quality of goods with an increase in income 4) with a consistently high income, refusal to buy expensive goods 6. To typical consumer behaviors include 1) spending most of the income of poor families on food, clothing, housing 2) an increase in the growth of spending on expensive items in a larger proportion than income 3) a decrease in attention to the quality of goods with an increase in income 4) an increase in spending on expensive goods with a decrease in income Slide 23 
10. In order to preserve and increase his income, a consumer can 1) transfer part of them to a charitable foundation 2) open a bank account 3) make a purchase on credit 4) lend a part of the income to friends
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12. An increase in consumer spending is affected by 1) an increase in income tax 2) a decrease in social benefits 3) an increase in consumer incomes a decrease in labor productivity 13. What is a mandatory consumer expense? 1) transportation costs 2) purchase of securities 3) payment for the services of an apartment interior designer 4) property insurance
Slide 1
The presentation was prepared by Olga Ulyeva, teacher of history and social studies, secondary school № 1353
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PLAN STUDY THEME:
Consumer behavior as a process of forming consumer demand for a variety of goods and services, taking into account their income and personal preferences. Getting maximum utility is the goal of the rational consumer. Consumer sovereignty: in a command economy; in a market economy; Unlimited needs and limited income. Sources of consumer income: wages; state social payments; income from entrepreneurial and other activities; property income. Mandatory and optional expenses. Engel's law. Savings (deposits, securities, real estate, insurance)
RATIONAL CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
Slide 3
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR -
the process of forming consumer demand for a variety of goods and services, taking into account their income and personal preferences.
They are useful, that is, they satisfy any needs of a person or society.
Why does a consumer buy a product or service?
RATIONAL consumer (rational consumer) so manages its spending on the purchase of goods and services in order to obtain maximum "satisfaction", or MAXIMUM USEFULNESS.
RATIONALITY (from Latin ratio - reason) is a term in the broadest sense meaning rationality, meaningfulness.
Slide 4
The freedom of economic behavior predetermines the sovereignty of the consumer.
CONSUMER SOVEREIGNTY -
the right of the owner of any kind of resources to independently make decisions related to the disposal of these resources.
TEAM ECONOMY
Consumer actions are usually regulated. In the USSR, the consumer was deprived of the freedom to choose housing, medical institutions, and some expensive goods (cars, furniture, etc.).
MARKET ECONOMY
Slide 5
awareness of the need to purchase, search for information about a product or service, assessment of possible purchase options, making a purchase decision.
Determine the sequence of actions for the rational consumer.
Can we always buy what we want?
Slide 6
wage; state social payments to individual citizens in the form of benefits, pensions, scholarships; income from entrepreneurial and other activities; property income (payment received for renting your apartment or summer house, interest on cash capital, dividends on securities).
SOURCES OF CONSUMER INCOME
RECEIVED INCOME
PURCHASE OF GOODS AND PAYMENT FOR SERVICES (to meet the personal needs of people)
SAVINGS (as income grows, so does the amount of savings)
Slide 7
CONSUMER EXPENSES
travel voucher, purchase of books, paintings, cars, etc.
MANDATORY (minimum required)
ARBITRARY
expenses for food, clothing, transportation costs, utility bills, etc.
CONSUMER BASKET
Slide 8
ENGEL's LAW
Ernst Engel (1821-1896) German economist and statistician
cash income (RUB)
quantity of goods
The higher the family income level, the lower the share of its expenses on food products.
The richer the country, the smaller part of the personal income of its citizens goes to compulsory expenses.
Slide 9
ALTERNATIVE COST
is a lost profit, the best of the options that were rejected due to limited resources.
See Kireev - p. 18 Queen Burmistrova - p. 18
Slide 10
SAVING
It is important for a rational consumer not only to skillfully spend money, but also to allocate their savings correctly.
bank deposit purchase of securities (shares, bonds) purchase of real estate insurance (life, health, property)
deposit
Slide 11
QUOTE
The real luxury is to resist consumer pressure on your own. Alexander von Schönburg (contemporary German writer).
The world could be perceived as amazing, and I used it for ordinary consumption. Wislawa Szymborska (Polish poet; 1996 Nobel Prize winner in Literature).
Consumption is the religion of modern man. Jean-Christophe Granger (contemporary French writer and screenwriter).
The road to civilization is paved with cans. Alberto Moravia (Italian writer and journalist of the 20th century).
The quickest way to increase your wealth is to decrease your needs. Pierre Bouast (French lexicographer of the 18th-19th centuries)