Bulgaria geography presentation. Powerpoint presentation on the topic "Bulgaria". Fragments from the presentation

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Flag The flag of the Republic of Bulgaria consists of three stripes of equal size. Above, white - personifies freedom and peace, in the middle - green - forests - agriculture, from below - red - blood shed in the struggle for state independence. Previously, the Bulgarian flag had the coat of arms of Bulgaria in the upper left corner, but it was removed from the flag in 1991, in accordance with the country's new constitution.

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Coat of arms The coat of arms of the Republic of Bulgaria is a state symbol expressing the independence and sovereignty of the Bulgarian people and state. The coat of arms of the Republic of Bulgaria is a golden crowned lion standing on its hind legs on a dark red shield-shaped field. Above the shield is a large crown - the crown of the king of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom with five crosses and another cross over the crown. The shield is held by two gold crowned lions standing on their hind legs, looking at the shield. They stand on two crossed oak branches with fruits. Below the shield, on a white ribbon with tricolor edges, it says "Unity gives strength" 1) The coat of arms of the Republic of Bulgaria can be depicted on state seals in accordance with the law on state seals. 2) The depiction of the coat of arms of the Republic of Bulgaria in other places, as well as the depiction of elements of the emblem on badges, commemorative medals, etc., can only be permitted by an act of the Council of Ministers.

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Anthem Proud Balkan Mountains, To the blue Danube, the sun warms Thrace, above the Pirin flame. Sweet homeland, You are the earthly paradise, Your beauty and your charm, ah, they have no edge. Until 1990: Fighters have fallen without counting For our beloved people, Mother, give us masculine strength To continue their path. Amicably brothers Bulgarians, Moscow is with us both in peace and in war, The Great Party is leading, In our victorious system.

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Currency The national currency in Bulgaria is the Bulgarian lev. The Bulgarian lev has the international designation BGN. One Bulgarian lev consists of 100 stotinki. In circulation there are banknotes in denominations: 1 Bulgarian leva, 2 Bulgarian leva, 5 Bulgarian leva, 10 Bulgarian leva, 20 Bulgarian leva and 50 Bulgarian leva, as well as coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 stotinki. The Bulgarian lev has been introduced into monetary circulation in Bulgaria since 1999. The Bulgarian lev was introduced in 1880, with a gold content equal to the French franc. The Bulgarian lev notes have good counterfeiting protection. There is a watermark in the form of the coat of arms of the country or the abbreviation of the national bank. The security strip contains microtext and runs along the entire length of the banknote. The money of Bulgaria is also equipped with a polymer protective strip. The banknotes depict architectural monuments or memorable buildings in Bulgaria. The most famous currencies in Bulgaria, besides the Bulgarian lev, are the famous euros and US dollars. You can exchange currency at a Bulgarian bank, or at countless Bulgarian currency exchange offices, many of which operate seven days a week.

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Economy Bulgaria belongs to the industrial-agrarian countries. In recent years, the share of industry has significantly decreased from 49.3% in 1981 to 29.3% in 2002, but increased from 28.1% in 2001.The share of agriculture and forestry has significantly decreased from about 20% under socialism. , up to about 10% in 2002 - the main reason for the loss of markets in the former Union (USSR). The service sector is constantly growing: 60.1% in 2002, against 59.9% in 2001. According to the NSI, in the 2nd quarter of 2002, Bulgaria produced 14.471 billion levs of goods and services ($ 7,200 billion). BMP for 2001 per capita $ 1130-1350, or total BMP $ 8.6-10.2 billion, and BMP for 6 months of 2002 -836 $ / person or $ 6.4 billion (or 2002 will amount to $ 12.4 billion). There is a constant inflow of investments: in the 2nd quarter, they increased by 10% compared to the first quarter. Exports and imports, in recent years, basically balance each other, and the foreign trade balance fluctuates around zero + -2%. The last few years have seen a significant increase in tourism, most of the investment goes to this particular field of activity. In 2002 Bulgaria came out on top in Europe in terms of the number of hotels. Most of them are private and small family hotels.

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Traditions Bulgaria is a country with ancient musical traditions. Orpheus and the muses from ancient Greek mythology lived on the land of present-day Bulgaria, which was then called Thrace. This historical area is included in the annals of all the oldest historical records. More than two thousand years ago, it was here that the center of Thracian culture was located. Legendary Spartacus, a rebellious gladiator slave who led in 73-71. BC e. spontaneously emerging gangs of fugitive slaves and who threw them on a fruitless campaign against the powerful Roman Empire, was also a native of Thrace. The traditions and holidays of the Bulgarian people include ancient national, religious and family celebrations, as well as new customs introduced during the years of the communist regime. Ancient folk traditions are manifested in clothing, jewelry, dances, songs and magical rituals that accompany wedding ceremonies, dances on burning coals (nestinari), ritual performances on Shrovetide (kuker games) and rainmaking dance (german). In the formation of modern culture and life of the Bulgarians, a great role belongs to the traditional folk culture. Its influence is felt in the architectural style, and in music, and applied arts, in family and holiday customs, and in the arrangement of home life.

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Economic geographic location

  • Country name: Republic of Bulgaria
  • Capital: city of Sofia
  • Country area: 110,912 km2
  • Geographical position of the country: a state in the southeast of Europe, located on the Balkan Peninsula, in the east the country is washed by the Black Sea
  • Border states: In the north, Bulgaria borders with Romania, in the west - with Serbia and Montenegro, as well as with Macedonia, in the south - with Greece and Turkey.
  • Member of the UN, EU and NATO

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    Historical reference

    • 1947 - Establishment of the Soviet style of the People's Republic
    • In 1989, deep economic and political reforms began in Bulgaria.
    • Since November 15, 1990 - the country is called the Republic of Bulgaria
    • On April 2, 2004 - Bulgaria joined NATO.
    • On January 1, 2007 - Bulgaria joined the European Union.

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    State structure

    • Bulgaria is a parliamentary republic
    • The legislative body of Bulgaria is a unicameral parliament.
    • Head of State of the Republic of Bulgaria - President
    • The highest legislative body in Bulgaria - the People's Assembly
    • Central executive body - Council of Ministers of Bulgaria
    • The judiciary is independent
    • Building of the National Assembly in Bulgaria

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    Population

    • Population: 8.2 million
    • Population density: 63.9 people per sq. km.
    • Urban population - 5.5 million people
    • Rural population - 2.7 million people
    • Peoples: Bulgarians, Turks, Romanians, Macedonians
    • Language: Bulgarian
    • Main cities: Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna, Burgas

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    Religion

    • In Bulgaria, the Orthodox religion is predominant.
    • The most numerous stratum after the Orthodox in Bulgaria are Muslims.
    • The main temple in Bulgaria - Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
    • Bulgarian Church of St. Stephen

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    Culture

    • The oldest archaeological finds dating back to the Frankish past can be seen in Kazanlak, Sveshtari and Varna.
    • The spirit of the Roman Empire during the siege of Carthage in 200 BC. felt in Sofia and Plovdiv.
    • The flourishing of the medieval culture of the Bulgarians left an indelible mark on architecture, especially in cities such as Pliska, Preslav, Veliko Tarnovo.
    • Some cultural monuments are included in the list of protected by UNESCO and included in the World Heritage of Humanity.
    • Tomb in Bulgaria

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    Natural conditions

    • Climate: continental, Mediterranean and steppe
    • The relief is very diverse. Most of the country's territory is occupied by mountains and hills. About a third of the territory is covered with forests.
    • Terrain: mainly mountains; on the coast and in the northeast - lowlands
    • In two places, the Stara Planina mountain range is cut by deep valleys of the Iskar and Kamchia rivers.
    • Highest point of the country: Musala city, 2925 m
    • Largest river: Danube.

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    Flora and fauna

    • Forests in Bulgaria are predominantly broadleaved.
    • In the mountainous part of Bulgaria many species of animals live: bears, wolves, red deer, chamois, badgers, jackals.
    • There are almost 50 species of amphibians and reptiles.
    • Of the rare birds in Bulgaria, there are vultures, bearded eagles and pelicans.

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    Natural resources

    • Of the minerals, the most important are lead-zinc, copper and iron ores, lignite and hard coal, table salt, bauxite, gypsum, marble
    • Bulgaria is rich in springs (about 500) of mineral waters with high medicinal properties.
    • Mineral waters in Bulgaria

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    • Bulgaria has limited energy resources.
    • The reserves of brown coal, oil and natural gas are also limited.
    • Black coal accounts for 0.5% of the total natural reserves. The largest deposit in the Balkanbas.
    • Iron ore is mined at the Kremikovskoye deposit.
    • Wood is a valuable building material used in the pulp and paper industry.

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    Energy

    • The largest hydroelectric power plants are located at the reservoirs of the mountainous areas of the Rila-Rhodope massif
    • The first Bulgarian nuclear power plant - "Kozloduy" - the largest of the country's power plants
    • Three thermal power plants operate in the main East Maritsa coal basin nuclear power plant - "Kozloduy"

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    Industry

    Many consumer goods are produced in Bulgaria:

    • clothes, shoes
    • household chemicals
    • furniture
    • cars
    • appliances
    • industrial equipment
    • fertilizers.

    Well developed:

    • heavy engineering
    • chemical industry
    • food industry
    • energy.

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    Mechanical engineering

    • Mechanical engineering is the leading branch of the industry in modern Bulgaria.
    • The most popular are now Bulgarian electric cars and lifting transport vehicles.
    • In Bulgaria, there are some of the largest European factories for the production of electric cars (in Sofia and Lome), forklift trucks (in Plovdiv) and electric hoists (in Gabrovo).
    • Electric cars in Bulgaria

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    Chemical industry

    Bulgaria produces: acids, salts, alkalis, fertilizers and other inorganic chemicals, chemical fibers, plastics and plastic products, and other chemical products.

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    Food industry

    • The sectoral structure of the food industry is characterized by a very large share of tobacco and canning production.
    • The downward trend in the number of animals for slaughter continues in the meat industry
    • The dairy industry is based on the supply of cow's milk mainly from small subsidiary farms.
    • The country is famous for the production of feta cheese, quality wines
    • Sugar industry is developing successfully

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    Agriculture

    All prerequisites for the development of agriculture have been created in Bulgaria - these are fertile soils, a favorable climate, and historical traditions.

    Crop production:

    • growing wheat, corn and rice.
    • vineyards, horticultural crops, vegetables, crops of sugar beet, tobacco, oil rose are widespread.

    Livestock:

    • sheep breeding
    • cattle.

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    Transport

    All types of transport are well developed in Bulgaria:

    • land
    • water
    • air
    • pipeline and others

    Geographically, Bulgaria occupies a central place on the Balkan Peninsula, through which the main routes from Europe through the Bosphorus Strait (in Turkey) to Asia Minor and further to the Middle East, to Western Asia and North Africa pass.

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    International relations

    • The volume of export of goods - $ 5.3 billion, imports - $ 6.9 billion
    • Exports are dominated by products of the textile and clothing industry, mechanical engineering, the chemical industry, food products, mineral fuels
    • The structure of imports is dominated by mineral fuel, machinery, equipment and vehicles, chemical products, food.
    • Exporting countries: EU countries, Canada, USA, Russia, Syria, Brazil, Singapore
    • Countries - importers: EU countries, Russia, Peru, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Israel

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    State problems

    • Environmental problems (air pollution caused by emissions from cars and industrial plants)
    • The Bulgarian Republic is in a dangerous seismic zone
    • Bulgarian industry is losing momentum
    • Continuous economic hardship
    • Unstable relations with Russia

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    conclusions

    • Bulgaria has an advantageous geographic location, which undoubtedly affects the development of MEO in the country. Mineral resources, represented mainly by limestone and other rocks, a large number of rivers and reservoirs, determined the agricultural activity in the country as one of the most developed.
    • The main living nationalities in Bulgaria are Bulgarians. The country has gone through a demographic crisis, today the birth rate is at a normal level
    • Today Bulgaria is a parliamentary republic.
    • Today Bulgaria is a country that joined the EU
    • There is a low inflation rate in the country, privatization and modernization of existing enterprises are in full swing. But with all this, there is threatening unemployment (12%)

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    Bulgaria The Republic of Bulgaria is one of the oldest states in Europe, located in the South-East of the continent, occupying the territory of the Central Balkan Peninsula. -area: sq. km; -capital: Sosophy; - monetary unit: lion; -language: Bulgarian; -the main religion: Orthodoxy; - national holiday: Day of the liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman yoke - March 3. General information








    Sophia (Bulgarian Sosophia "wisdom", from the Greek Σοφια "skill", "wisdom") is the capital of Bulgaria. Located on the southern edge of the Sofia Basin. Greek "wisdom" the capital of Bulgaria About 1/6 of the total Bulgarian industrial production is concentrated in Sofia. Here are located: the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, universities, theaters. National and city art galleries, archaeological, historical, nature scientific and other museums universities theaters museums Bulgaria The capital of Bulgaria - Sosophy




    The relief of Bulgaria is very diverse. Most of the territory of Bulgaria is occupied by mountains (28%) and hills (41%). Forests cover about a third (29%). The climate in most of the country is temperate continental. In summer the temperature is +23 С °, in winter -2 С °. Rains are not uncommon here. For a year they fall out mm. Bulgaria Geographical position




    The features of the relief and climate in different regions have determined the diversity of soil cover and vegetation. There are more than 1600 sources of drinking water in Bulgaria and 500 mineral water of different composition and properties, with healing properties with water temperatures from 8 ° to 100 ° C. The fauna of the country is very diverse: roe deer, chamois, red deer, wild boars, live in the Bulgarian forests. many bears; there are wolves, deer, roe deer. The country is famous for its birds. Bulgaria Natural resources


    Bulgaria is poor in fuel and energy resources, it is forced to widely import oil, gas and coal. Uranium ore in Bulgaria is mined in the Sofia region and in the Sredna Gora region. Bulgaria's total iron ore reserves are estimated at only 10 million tons. There are several deposits of iron ore with impurities of manganese, chromium, molybdenum. Deposits of lead, zinc and copper are also of national economic importance. Small reserves of gold have been discovered in the Stara Planina mountains. Tungsten ore is mined in the Rhodope Mountains. Bulgaria Natural resources


    A total of 9 million people. Most of it lives in large cities. The rest is in the capital - Sofia. National composition of Bulgaria: Turks, Greeks, Bulgarians, Romanians, Macedonians. Population density: 75 people. Per sq. km Language: Bulgarian Main cities: Sosophy, Plovdiv, Varna, Burgas. The main state religion is Orthodoxy. Turks Bulgaria Population










    The country's agriculture is well developed, productive and efficient. In crop production, it stands out: growing wheat, corn, grapes, horticultural crops, vegetables, sugar beets, tobacco, oil rose; and in animal husbandry, meat and dairy cattle breeding, sheep breeding. Bulgaria Economy Agriculture

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    Tourist country-Bulgaria BULGARIA, washed by the Black Sea, attracts tourists with the Black Sea coast resorts (Sunny Beach, Golden Sands, Burgas, Albena, etc.). Sunny Beach resort is considered the largest and most famous tourist complex in Bulgaria.

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    It is located 36 km north of Burgas and 90 km from Varna, inside a small bay. The northern part of the resort is closed by the last elevations of the Stara Planina mountain range, which creates a magnificent harmony of the combination of mountain and sea landscapes.

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    The beaches of Sunny Beach stretch for a distance of 16 km and consist mainly of fine golden yellow sand. The sea is shallow, so this resort is a great place for families with children.

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    The seaside resort Golden Sands is located 18 km north of Varna and is located on the territory of the Golden Sands National Park. The resort owes its name to the most delicate golden color. fine-grained sand, which is "scattered" along the entire coast.

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    Famous mineral springs harmoniously complement local opportunities for relaxation and rejuvenation.

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    Most of the country is occupied by the Stara Planina, Sredna Gora, and Rila mountain ranges. The mountainous terrain has created favorable conditions for the development of ski tourism. The country has inexpensive ski resorts Borovets, Pamporovo, Bansko.

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    Borovets ski resort is the oldest and largest ski resort in Bulgaria. It is located 72 km southeast of Sofia and 126 km southwest of Plovdiv. Borovets resort is located among a century-old coniferous forest on the northern slopes of the Rila Mountains. The resort was founded in the 19th century. as a hunting base for the Bulgarian kings.

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    Bulgaria is a country with deep Orthodox traditions. Bulgaria, along with Greece and Serbia, managed to defend Orthodoxy during the years of the Ottoman yoke. There are well-known Orthodox monasteries on the territory of the country, which are of interest for religious tourism. The aforementioned Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Sofia was built in memory of the country's liberation from the Turkish yoke.

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    The transition of the Bulgarian economy to the path of market reforms was accompanied by a well-known reorientation in trade and economic cooperation from east to west. It does not have sufficient energy resources and few minerals. In these conditions, the country has embarked on a course to attract foreign investment, in particular in the tourism industry.

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    In general, Bulgaria has an industrial-agrarian economy, distinguished primarily by the production of agricultural products. Thus, the country ranks first in the world in the production and export of rose oil.

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