Presentation on the theme "ivan alexandrovich goncharov". Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov. Stages of biography and creativity Presentation on the theme of potters

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Goncharov Ivan Alekseevich (1812 - 1891)

Childhood Ivan Goncharov was born on June 6 (18), 1812 in Simbirsk. His father Alexander Ivanovich (1754-1819) and his mother Avdotya Matveyevna (1785-1851) (nee Shakhtorin) belonged to the merchant class. The childhood of the future writer took place in the large stone house of the Goncharovs, located in the very center of the city, with a vast courtyard, a garden, and numerous buildings. When Goncharov was nine years old, his father died. In the subsequent fate of the boy, in his spiritual development, his godfather Nikolai Nikolaevich Tregubov played an important role. He was a retired sailor. He was distinguished by his broad outlook and was critical of certain phenomena of modern life. "Kind sailor" - this is how Goncharov gratefully called his tutor, who actually replaced his own father.

House of the Goncharovs. Simbirsk 1890

Education Goncharov received his initial education at home, under Tregubov's supervision, then in a private boarding house. At the age of ten he was sent to Moscow to study at a commercial school. The choice of educational institution was made at the insistence of the mother. Goncharov spent eight years at the school. The rest of the time I was ill. These years were difficult and uninteresting for him. Spiritual and moral development of Goncharov, however, went on as usual. He read a lot. His true mentor was Russian literature. Meanwhile, it became completely unbearable to study at the school. Goncharov managed to convince his mother of this, and she wrote a petition to exclude him from the list of boarders. Goncharov is already eighteen. It's time to think about your future. Even in childhood, the arisen passion for writing, an interest in the humanities, especially in literary literature, - all this strengthened in him the idea of \u200b\u200bcompleting his education at the Faculty of Language at Moscow University. A year later, in August 1831, after successfully passing the exams, he was enrolled there.

Goncharov in his youth

Life after university After graduating from university in the summer of 1834, Goncharov felt himself, by his own admission, a “free citizen”, before whom all paths in life were open. First of all, he decided to visit his native land, where his mother, sisters, Tregubov were waiting for him. Simbirsk, in which everything was so familiar from childhood, amazed the matured and matured Goncharov, first of all, by the fact that nothing had changed. Everything here looked like a huge sleepy village. This is how Goncharov knew his hometown in childhood, and then in his youth. The Simbirsk governor persistently asked Goncharov to take the post of his secretary. After deliberation and hesitation, Goncharov accepts this offer, but the matter turned out to be boring and ungrateful. However, these vivid impressions of the mechanism of the bureaucratic system subsequently fit in with Goncharov the writer. After eleven months in Simbirsk, he leaves for St. Petersburg. Goncharov decided to build his future with his own hands, without anyone's help. Upon arrival in the capital, he went to the Foreign Trade Department of the Ministry of Finance, where he was offered the position of translator of foreign correspondence. The service was not very onerous. She provided some material for Goncharov and left time for independent literary studies and reading.

Beginning of creativity Gradually, the serious work of the writer begins. It was formed under the influence of those moods that prompted the young author to become increasingly ironic about the romantic cult of art that reigned in the Maikovs' house. 40s - the beginning of the flowering of creativity Goncharov. This was an important time in the development of Russian literature, as well as in the life of Russian society as a whole. Goncharov meets Belinsky, often visits him on Nevsky Prospect, in the house of Literators. Here in 1846 Goncharov reads criticism of his novel The Ordinary History. Communication with the great critic was of great importance for the spiritual development of the young writer. Goncharov himself testified in one of his letters what role Belinsky played for him.

Around the World Voyage and the Frigate "Pallada" In October 1852 an important event happened in Goncharov's life: he took part in a round-the-world voyage on a sailing warship - the frigate "Pallada" - as secretary to the head of the expedition, Vice-Admiral Putyatin. She was equipped to inspect Russian possessions in North America-Alaska, which belonged to Russia at that time, as well as to establish political and trade relations with Japan. Goncharov imagined how many impressions he would enrich himself and his work with. From the very first days of the trip, he begins to keep a detailed travel log. He formed the basis for the future book "Frigate" Pallas "" Goncharov's journey can be considered circumnavigation only conditionally. He returned to Petersburg on February 13, 1855, and the first essay appeared in the April book of Otechestvennye zapiski. Subsequent fragments were published in the "Marine Collection" and various magazines for three years, and in 1858 the entire work was published as a separate edition. The cycle of travel sketches "Frigate Pallas" (1855-1857) is a kind of "diary of a writer". The book immediately became a major literary event, amazing readers with the richness and variety of factual material and its literary merits.

The flourishing of creativity in 1859 was the first time in Russia that the word "Oblomovism" was heard. In the novel, the fate of the protagonist is revealed not only as a social phenomenon ("Oblomovism"), but also as a philosophical understanding of the Russian national character, a special moral path that opposes the vanity of all-consuming "progress". Goncharov made an artistic discovery. He created a work of great generalizing power. The publication of "Oblomov" and its tremendous success among readers secured for Goncharov the fame of one of the most outstanding Russian writers. But Goncharov did not leave his writing activity and began his new work - "The Break". However, the writer had to not only write, but also earn money. After leaving the post of censor, he lived "on free bread". In mid-1862 he was invited to the post of editor of the recently founded newspaper "Severnaya Pochta", which was an organ of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Goncharov served here for about a year. Then he was appointed to a new position - a member of the press council - his censorship began again.

having finished the third part of The Break, "I wanted to leave the novel at all, without finishing it." However, he finished it. Goncharov was aware of the work of what scale and artistic value he was creating. At the cost of tremendous efforts, overcoming physical and moral ailments, he brought his "child" to the end. The Break thus completed the trilogy. Each of Goncharov's novels reflected a certain stage in the historical development of Russia. For one of them, Alexander Aduev is typical, for the other - Oblomov, for the third - Raysky. And all these images were the constituent elements of one general integral picture of the dying era of serfdom. In the middle of the 19th century, the rivalry between the Russian Empire and the United States of America for influence in the Asia-Pacific region began. By the way, at that time in Russia it was customary to call the United States not as it is now, but somewhat differently - the North American United States, in abbreviated form - the USA.

The last years of Ivan Goncharov's life All three of Goncharov's novels were devoted to the image of pre-reform Russia, which he knew and understood well. According to the writer's own confessions, he understood the processes that took place in subsequent years worse, and he lacked neither the physical nor the moral strength to immerse himself in their study. But Goncharov continued to live in an atmosphere of literary interests, intensively correspondence with some writers, personally communicating with others, without abandoning creative activity. He writes several essays: "Literary Evening", "Servants of the Old Century", "A Trip along the Volga", "Through Eastern Siberia", "May in St. Petersburg." Some of them were published posthumously. Goncharov remained completely alone and on September 12 (24), 1891, he caught a cold. The disease developed rapidly, and on the night of September 15, he died of pneumonia at the age of 80. Ivan Alexandrovich was buried at the Novy Nikolskoye cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra (in 1956 he was reburied, the writer's ashes were transferred to the Volkovo cemetery). In the obituary published on the pages of the "Vestnik Evropy", it was noted: "Like Turgenev, Herzen, Ostrovsky, Saltykov, Goncharov will always occupy one of the most prominent places in our literature."

Memorial pavilion I.A. Goncharova

house of the writer I.A. Goncharova in Ulyanovsk.

No one sings or a writer from his very birth can know that he will become great and famous. It also happened with I.A.Goncharov, who only at a young age realized that creativity is his vocation. The presentation of "Goncharov" will tell you what the life of a writer can be like. Among the many events that happened in the life of the future writer, the death of his father can be called a turning point that radically changed the life of the writer. A presentation on the biography of Goncharov will help both students and adults to more accurately learn the chronology of events in the life of the great Russian writer.

It is recommended to use this presentation in a lesson or for self-study. The life and work of Goncharov is an interesting story that will help you find any moments that are associated with the heroes of his works. It is impossible to understand the writer's works without knowing his biography. A cool discussion will allow us to more accurately describe the life of the great Russian writer Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov. Creativity and the life of a creative person are always intertwined, having learned the biography of a person, we can understand him.

You can view the slides on the website or download the presentation on the topic "Potters" in PowerPoint format from the link below.

Biography of Goncharov
Childhood
House of Goncharovs
Education

Goncharov in his youth
Life after university
The beginning of creativity
Travel around the world

The flowering of creativity
The third part of "The Cliff"
Last years
Memorial gazebo

House in Ulyanovsk

In Goncharov's talent, the main role is played by "the elegance and subtlety of the brush," "fidelity to the drawing," the predominance of artistic depiction over direct authorial thought and judgment. VG Belinsky Living and writing for me is not like Turgenev, Ostrovsky, free and wealthy people ... What a boundless and deep sea is literature. ... A literary man, if he pretends not to be amateurish in it, but to serious importance, must put almost all of himself and not his whole life into this matter! IA Goncharov In Goncharov's talent, the main role is played by "the elegance and subtlety of the brush", "fidelity of the drawing", the predominance of the artistic image over the direct author's thought and judgment. VG Belinsky Living and writing for me is not like Turgenev, Ostrovsky, free and wealthy people ... What a boundless and deep sea is literature. ... A literary man, if he pretends not to be amateurish in it, but to serious importance, must put almost all of himself and not his whole life into this matter! I.A.Goncharov

After a radical reconstruction of the house in Simbirsk, where I.A. Goncharov, the new owners, the Yurgens brothers, ordered a black granite marble plank for the house by the Petersburg master Bott with a bas-relief bust of the writer, made by the sculptor B.M. Mikeshin and cast from bronze in the art workshop of V.V. Gavrilova (Petersburg). On September 16, 1907, a plaque was solemnly installed at the corner of the house to commemorate the place of birth of I.A. Goncharova. Memorial plaque on the house where I.A. Goncharov

House-monument to I.A. Goncharov, architect A.A. Shode The ceremonial laying of the house took place on the 100th anniversary of the writer, on June 6, 1912, and constituted the central part of the celebrations dedicated to this date. In the same year, two competitions were held for the design of the memorial house. Although there was no shortage of projects, they were all rejected. To speed up the protracted issue, the archival commission decided to entrust the development of the project to one of the city architects - August Avgustovich Shode. On January 8, 1913, the commission considered and accepted the project proposed by the architect. The construction of the memorial house was generally completed by 1915. However, due to the ongoing world war, most of the building was given over to the All-Russian Zemstvo Union. In 1918, the building housed the United People's Museum, which was later renamed the Local History Museum. At present, the memorial house houses the local history and art museums.

Ulyanovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore named after I.A. Goncharov The house of the Goncharovs was built at the end of the 18th century. At the end of the XIX century. The new owners built on the third floor and made extensions that changed the appearance of the building. The walls of the Goncharovsky house turned out to be inside the new building, a number of rooms have been preserved practically unchanged. The museum is located on the first floor of the House-Monument to IA Goncharov, built in 1916 with funds collected by All-Russian subscription, according to the project of the local architect AA Shode.

On September 1, 1913 in Simbirsk, a bust-monument to P.A. Stolypin On the board of the pedestal was inscribed: "Stolypin - Simbirsk province." In April 1917, the bust was removed from the pedestal. On September 12, 1948, in the year of the 300th anniversary of the founding of Simbirsk, a bronze bust of a native of the city - I.A. Goncharova. The author of the monument is a member of the Union of Artists of the USSR, sculptor A.V. Winds. Monument-bust of I.A. Goncharov

Monument to I.A. Goncharov, standing on the street in his name opposite the house where he was born, was opened in June 1965. The writer is depicted in an armchair, recording his observations. The sculpture was cast from cast iron at the Mytishchi plant, an artistic rare type of casting - the Italian wax method. The author of the monument is the sculptor L.M. Pisarevsky. The monument is erected on a red granite pedestal.

On October 28, 2005, a symbolic “Oblomov’s philosophical sofa” was installed in the park near the monument. The sofa, a little over 2 meters long, made of metal-plastic according to the project of the chief artist of the Ulyanovsk region Igor Smirkin by the advertising agency "Talant", was presented to the regional center by LLC "Commercial real estate". The inscription on the philosophical sofa reads: "Here I understood the poetry of laziness and I will be faithful to it to the grave, unless need forces me to take up a crowbar and a shovel. Ivan Goncharov. Simbirsk is a year." A year later, on June 12, 2006, on the birthday of I.A. Goncharov's, "Oblomov's slippers" appeared next to the sofa. The slippers were cast by the blacksmiths of the local blacksmith artel "Korch".

VG Belinsky VG Belinsky - Russian writer, literary critic, publicist, Western philosopher. AI Herzen - AI Herzen - Russian writer, publicist, philosopher, revolutionary. N.V. Stankevich - N.V. Stankevich - Russian writer, poet, publicist, thinker. M.Yu. Lermontov - M.Yu. Lermontov is a Russian poet, prose writer, playwright, artist, officer. N.P. Ogarev - N.P. Ogarev - poet, publicist, Russian revolutionary.

Moscow University has done its job; Professors who contribute to the development of Lermontov, Belinsky, Turgenev, Kavelin, Pirogov with their lectures can safely play Boston and lie even more calmly underground. “Past and Thoughts” “Past and Thoughts” From the beginning of 1832 to 1835, NI Nadezhdin, with the rank of an ordinary professor, read the theory of fine arts, archeology and logic at Moscow University. Unlike most professors of that time, Nadezhdin did not build his course on dry notes from well-known textbooks: his lectures were brilliant improvisations that made a deep impression on the audience.

A.S. Pushkin MT Kachenovsky - professor of the Moscow University in the department of Russian history, statistics and geography, then Russian literature. He was a supporter of the idea of \u200b\u200bforgery "The Lay of Igor's Host." I cannot express how great our pleasure was to see and hear our idol.

"An ordinary story" () Goncharov's story made a splash in St. Petersburg - an unheard-of success! All opinions converged in her favor.

Travel around the world Admiral E.V. Putyatin, the commander of the expedition of the frigate Pallas. Lithography

"Oblomov" "Open" () () "Oblomov" "Open" () ()

"Contemporary" A group of employees of the magazine "Contemporary". A group of employees of the Sovremennik magazine. Sitting from left to right: I.A. Goncharov, I.S. Turgenev, A.V. Druzhinin, A.N. Ostrovsky. Standing: L.N. Tolstoy, D.V. Grigorovich. Photo 1856 Photo 1856

Autumn 1862 - takes up the post of editor of the official government newspaper "Severnaya Pochta" 1863 - is granted a position of state councilor, appointed a member of the Council for Book Printing - retirement.

Life and work of Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov The presentation was prepared by the teacher of the Russian language and literature Lendyl Irina Nikolaevna

Slide 2

Ivan Goncharov was born on June 6, 1812 in Simbirsk. His father Alexander Ivanovich and his mother Avdotya Matveevna (nee Shakhtorin) belonged to the merchant class. The childhood of the future writer took place in the large stone house of the Goncharovs, located in the very center of the city, with a vast courtyard, a garden, and numerous buildings.

Slide 3

When Goncharov was seven years old, his father died. In the subsequent fate of the boy, in his spiritual development, his godfather Nikolai Nikolaevich Tregubov played an important role. He was a retired sailor. He was distinguished by his broad outlook and was critical of certain phenomena of modern life. "Kind sailor" - this is how Goncharov gratefully called his tutor, who actually replaced his own father. The writer recalled: “Our mother, grateful to him for the difficult part of the worries about our upbringing, took upon herself all the worries about his life and life, about the economy. His servants, cooks, coachmen merged with our courtyards, under her control - and we lived in one common yard. All the material part fell to the lot of the mother, an excellent, experienced, strict housewife. Intellectual cares went to him. "

Slide 4

Education Goncharov received his primary education at home, under Tregubov's supervision, then in a private boarding school. At the age of ten he was sent to Moscow to study at a commercial school. The choice of educational institution was made at the insistence of the mother. Goncharov spent eight years at the school. These years were difficult and uninteresting for him. Spiritual and moral development of Goncharov, however, went on as usual. He read a lot. His true mentor was Russian literature.

Slide 5

Goncharov is already eighteen. It's time to think about your future. Even in childhood, the arisen passion for writing, an interest in the humanities, especially in literary literature, - all this strengthened in him the idea of \u200b\u200bcompleting his education at the Faculty of Language at Moscow University. In August 1831, after successfully passing the exams, he was enrolled there.

Slide 6

Three years at Moscow University were an important milestone in Goncharov's biography. It was a time of intense thoughts - about life, about people, about yourself. Belinsky, Herzen, Ogarev, Stankevich, Lermontov, Turgenev, Aksakov and many other talented young people, who later left their mark on the history of Russian literature, studied at the university simultaneously with Goncharov.

Slide 7

Life after university After graduating from university in the summer of 1834, Goncharov felt himself, by his own admission, a “free citizen”, before whom all paths in life were open. ... He was attracted by the prospect of a tense spiritual life in the capitals, communication there with interesting people. But there was another, secret dream associated with his long-standing passion for writing. He decided to definitely leave the drowsy, boring Simbirsk. And he did not leave. Simbirsk governor persistently asked Goncharov to take the post of his secretary

Slide 8

Service in office Simbirsk governor persistently decided Goncharov with his own hands, asked Goncharov to take his post without anyone's help to build his secretary. After reflection and hesitation, the future. Upon arrival in the capital, he Goncharov accepts this offer, and the trade case of the Ministry of Finance was submitted, where it turned out to be ungrateful. boring However, the impressions of the bureaucratic subsequently living mechanism of the system to him by the department were offered the external position of translator of foreign correspondence. The service was not very burdensome for Goncharov. She's kind of a writer. After eleven months Goncharova provided financial support and stay in Simbirsk, he leaves leaving time for independent in St. Petersburg. these were also useful in literary studies and reading.

Slide 9

Beginning of creativity Gradually, the serious work of the writer begins. It was formed under the influence of those moods that prompted the young author to be increasingly ironic about the romantic cult of art. The 40s were the beginning of the flowering of Goncharov's work. This was an important time in the development of Russian literature, as well as in the life of Russian society as a whole.

Slide 10

"An Ordinary History" In the spring of 1847, "An Ordinary History" was published on the pages of Sovremennik. In the novel, the conflict between "realism" and "romanticism" appears as an essential collision of Russian life. Goncharov called his novel An Ordinary History, thereby emphasizing the typical nature of the processes that are reflected in this work.

Slide 11

Travel on the frigate "Pallada" In October 1852, Ivan Goncharov, who served as an interpreter in the foreign trade department of the Ministry of Finance, was appointed secretary of Admiral Putyatin. From the very first days of the trip, Goncharov began to keep a detailed travel journal (the materials of which formed the basis for the future book "Frigate Pallas"). The expedition lasted almost two and a half years. Goncharov visited England, South Africa, Indonesia, Japan, China and many small islands and archipelagos of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. Having landed on the shores of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk, Goncharov drove by dry road through all of Russia and returned to St. Petersburg on February 13, 1855. Already in the April book of Otechestvennye zapiski for 1855, the first essay on the journey appeared. And in 1858, the entire essay was published as a separate edition. The cycle of travel sketches "The Pallas Frigate" is a kind of "writer's diary". The book immediately became a major literary event, striking readers with the richness and variety of factual material and its literary merits. The book was perceived as a way out of the writer to a large and new world for the Russian reader. For Russia in the 19th century, such a book was almost unprecedented.

Slide 12

The flowering of creativity In 1859, the word "Oblomovism" was first heard in Russia. Through the fate of the protagonist of his new novel, Goncharov showed a social phenomenon. However, many saw in the image of Oblomov also a philosophical understanding of the Russian national character, as well as an indication of the possibility of a special moral path opposing the vanity of all-consuming "progress". Goncharov made an artistic discovery. He created a work of great generalizing power.

Lesson objectives:

• To acquaint students with the personality of Goncharov, his biography.
• Give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe worldview, citizenship, philosophical and aesthetic views of the writer.
• Identify the relationship between his fate and creativity.
• Introduce the creativity of I.A. Goncharov into the general context of the development of literature in the second half of the 19th century.

Lesson Objectives:

1. Show the role of the patriarchal way of life in the parental home, the Maikovs' circle in St. Petersburg, the “natural school” in shaping the personality of the writer.
2. To acquaint students with the content of the main works of the writer, show their connection with the ideological and aesthetic searches of the time and the traditions of previous literature.
3. Show the originality of the writer's artistic heritage.

Lesson equipment: multimedia projector, Presentation.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

Slide 2-4.

II. Goal setting.

III. Introductory speech of the teacher.

The historical era that brought up the work of I.A. Goncharov, there were 40-60s of the 19th century, the time of the crisis of the feudal-serf system, the period of the abolition of serfdom, the rise of the democratic movement in Russia. In literary activity, Goncharov saw his vocation, his social purpose. The central theme of his work was the fate of his homeland. “Now with sadness, now with joy, depending on the circumstances, I observe a favorable or unfavorable course of people's life,” Goncharov wrote.

Write down the topic of the lesson.

While listening to individual messages, take notes in your notebooks

IM. Individual student assignments

Slide 6-10.13.

1812-1834 Childhood and adolescence I.A. Goncharova. University of Moscow.

Born into the family of a wealthy merchant from Simbirsk. The writer's father, Alexander Ivanovich Goncharov, was honored in the city: he was elected the mayor many times. He died early, leaving the family a large fortune.

The stone two-story house stood on Bolshaya Street, “its furnishings were lordly: a large hall with a chandelier, an elegant living room with a portrait of the owner and an inevitable sofa room; the windows to the courtyard are the master's office, the hostess's bedroom and a large, bright room for children. ”Ivan Aleksandrovich himself remembered that there were many buildings in the yard: sheds, barns, stables, a stable, a poultry house,“ the house was, as they say, a full bowl ”. It was these childhood memories that largely formed the basis of the famous "Oblomov's Dream".

Mother, Avdotya Matveyevna, an intelligent, cheerful and attractive woman, loved children, but was strict and exacting with them, did not miss a single prank without punishment: “tinkling ears and kneeling” was “a very common means to humble and turn rascals on the path right".

After the death of his father, the upbringing of children was entrusted to the retired naval officer N.N. Tregubov.

His intelligence, liveliness of character attracted many to him. As an enlightened, liberal-minded man, he played an important role in the spiritual development of the boy. “The good sailor took us under his wing, and we became attached to him with our children's hearts,” IA recalled him with great warmth. Goncharov.

Ivan Goncharov received his primary education at the private boarding school of the priest Troitsky. There he became addicted to books, rereading almost the entire library, which “was both Derzhavin and Zhukovsky ... and old novels ... and theological writings ... and travels to Africa, Siberia and others ...” Ivan Aleksandrovich recalled: “No one followed me what I do in my free time from lessons, but I liked to hide in a corner and read everything that came to hand ”.

In the summer of 1822 was assigned to the Moscow Commercial Schoole. His love for reading did not diminish, but now he gave preference to Russian authors: Karamzin, Derzhavin, Dmitriev, Kheraskov. “And suddenly Pushkin! I recognized him from Onegin ... What a light, what a magical distance suddenly opened up, and what truths - both poetry and life in general, moreover modern, understandable - poured from this source, and with what brilliance, in what sounds! What a school of grace and taste for an impressionable person! " - Goncharov admired.

In August 1831 he successfully passed the exams at the Faculty of Philology of Moscow University, where Belinsky, Ogarev, Lermontov, Aksakov studied at that time.

At the university, according to Goncharov, he "systematically, with the help of critical analysis, studied exemplary works of foreign and domestic writers." "Only that university will do its service," Goncharov later said, "who will make a second life for himself from reading." Young Goncharov was guided by the idea that reading is not only a means of enriching knowledge, but also a source of educating a person of humane aspirations.

He looked at the university as a source of knowledge, and here, at this source, the thought of a noble and useful service to society and the motherland was ripening in him.

I singled out a few of the teachers.

M.T. Kachenovsky read Russian history and statistics. "It was a subtle, analytical mind ... a strictly just and honest man."

N.I. Nadezhdin is a professor of the theory of fine arts and archeology, "a man with versatile, well-known scholarship in philosophy, philology ...". Goncharov writes: “He was dear to us with his inspired, ardent word, with which he introduced us into the mysterious distance of the ancient world, conveying the spirit, life, history and art of Greece and Rome…”.

Shevyrev, a young, fresh person, brought us his subtle and clever analysis of other people's literatures, from the most ancient to the newest Western literature ... ”.

“Education taken out of university was valued above any other”, - Goncharov will say later.

At the university he saw Pushkin. Together with other students, he witnessed a heated dispute between the poet and Professor Kachenovsky about the authenticity of The Lay of Igor's Host.

Goncharov's first publication, a translation of two chapters from Eugene Syu's novel Atar-Gul (1832), also belongs to his student years.

Slide 14-21.

Individual task.

In 1834, the future writer graduated from the university. “I am a free citizen of the world, all paths are open to me, and between them the first path is to my homeland, home, to my people.” (Autobiographical notes "At home".)

In Simbirsk, he entered the service of the secretary of the office of the governor of Zagryazhsky. Goncharov described this short period of his life very picturesquely and not without irony in his essay "At Home". “Where is the new, young, fresh? Where are the new people, morals, spirit? " - he asks Tregubov. And he in response only points to the cathedral, the drinking office and the fresh sterlet in the shop. And even then the young man began to understand that the stagnation of Simbirsk was a phenomenon characteristic of all Russian life.

In early May 1835 he moved to St. Petersburg.

1835-18. Goncharov in St. Petersburg. The beginning of literary activity. Around the world trip on the frigate "Pallada".

Being a poor man, Goncharov is forced to serve. He took up the position of translator at the Ministry of Finance. In St. Petersburg, Ivan Aleksandrovich becomes close to the family of the famous artist Maikov, whose sons he teaches Russian literature and Latin. An atmosphere of love for poetry and music, painting and theater reigned in the Maikovs' house. Famous writers, musicians and painters gathered here almost every day. Later Goncharov will say: "Maikov's house was seething with life, people who brought here inexhaustible content from the sphere of thought, science, art"... In the manuscript anthology "Snowdrop" Goncharov placed his first poems and comic stories for home reading. In full accordance with the poetic fashion of the 20-30s of the XIX century, these poems were imbued with the spirit, poetics and style of “violent” romanticism.

During these years Goncharov met Belinsky. In his Notes on the Personality of Belinsky, Goncharov called him a herald of "new future beginnings of social life."

Further work of the writer was formed under the influence of Belinsky and the aesthetic principles of the "Pushkin-Gogol" school. There has been a serious worldview turn in his attitude to life, to moral values, to pressing problems of our time.

In 1847, the first novel was published in the Sovremennik magazine “An ordinary story ”. Goncharov declared himself as a realist writer who continued the creative line of Pushkin and Gogol and inflicted, according to V.G. Belinsky, "A terrible blow to romanticism, dreaminess, sentimentality, provincialism."

In 1949, a chapter from the future novel appeared in the Literary Collection of the Sovremennik magazine - "Oblomov's Dream" which suffered from the censor's pencil. this darkened Goncharov's creative mood and suspended work on the novel.

“I locked myself in my room, sat down to work every morning, but everything turned out to be long, hard, not processed ... I'm afraid if I really lost all ability to write from old age”.

In August 1852, Goncharov received an offer to travel around the world. Ivan Alexandrovich immediately agreed. The decision to travel was not accidental. Here is how he explained his act: “ I shuddered with joy at the thought: I will be in China, India, swim across the oceans, step foot on those islands where a savage walks in primeval simplicity, look at these miracles - and my life will not be an idle reflection of petty, boring phenomena. I was renewed, all the dreams and hopes of youth, youth itself returned to me. Hurry, hurry up the road! "

On October 7, 1852, the frigate "Pallada" left Kronstadt, on which Goncharov, as secretary to the head of the expedition, Admiral Putyatin, set off on a round-the-world trip. During the trip, he visited England, South Africa, Hong Kong, China, Japan, "filled a whole portfolio with travel notes." As a result, they formed into a two-volume book of essays called "Frigate Pallas". The book is written in such a lively and exciting way that it can be considered one of the best examples of the adventure genre in world literature.

1855 year. Returning from a trip, Goncharov is assigned to serve in the St. Petersburg Censorship Committee, plunges headlong into literature, attends the "Contemporary" circle, where novelties of literature were read and discussed.

Slide 22-27.

Individual task. Trilogy: novels " An Ordinary History ”,“ Oblomov ”,“ Break ”.

Goncharov has repeatedly pointed out that "Ordinary History", "Oblomov" and "Break" are something integral that he sees “Not three novels, but one. All of them are connected by one common thread, one consistent idea - the transition from one era of Russian life ... to another ”.

The main theme of his work has always been Russia, its urgent issues, which were put forward by Russian life in the 40s, 50s and 60s of the XIX century.

“… I did not invent anything: life itself was written by me, how I experienced it and saw how others are experiencing, so it lay under the pen. Not me, but the phenomena that happened in front of everyone's eyes generalize my images, ”the writer said.
His attention is drawn to the deep process of the era: the destruction of the patriarchal order and its displacement by new dynamic forms of life. Antithesis becomes the main artistic device. Goncharov portrays the change of historical eras as a contradictory and ambiguous process, where gains are paid for by losses, and vice versa. The writer does not associate his socio-aesthetic ideal with either the patriarchal “old” or the bourgeois “new”, and in both he sees their advantages and disadvantages.

In the novel "An ordinary story" Goncharov raises an interesting topic about the fate of a romantic in the emerging bourgeois life in Russia. Alexander Aduev, the protagonist of the novel, as Belinsky put it, “thrice romantic - by nature, by upbringing and by the circumstances of life,” goes to St. Petersburg to seek his fortune. But the pragmatic life of the city is gradually sobering up the enthusiastic young man. Ten or twelve years have passed - and A. Aduev becomes a successful businessman, freed from illusions. He serves in good faith, has grown stout and wears the order around his neck with dignity. With him happens "an ordinary story" - the story of the transformation of an enthusiastic romantic into a sober official, a balanced businessman.

The artist of the word, with a keen sense, keenly capturing the deep processes of the social life of his contemporary society, reflected in his novel "a faint flickering of consciousness of the need for work, real, not routine, but living work, in the fight against all-Russian stagnation."

In 1859, the novel “ Oblomov ”.

Back in 1847, the Sovremennik magazine published the chapter “Oblomov's Dream”. Ten years later, in 1857, at the resort of Marienbad, “as if under dictation,” Goncharov wrote almost the entire novel.

Goncharov recalled: the success “exceeded all my expectations. I. Turgenev once remarked to me briefly: "As long as at least one Russian remains, Oblomov will be remembered until then." L. Tolstoy wrote at the same time: "Oblomov is a major thing, which has not been for a long time."

A.V. Druzhinin wrote in a review of the novel: "In the writer who gave our literature" Ordinary History "and" Oblomov ", we have always seen and are now seeing one of the strongest contemporary Russian artists." Goncharov himself has repeatedly emphasized his involvement in the realistic school. In the critical notes “Better late than never” we read: “… from Pushkin and Gogol in Russian literature now you cannot get anywhere. The Pushkin-Gogol school continues to this day, and all of us, fiction writers, are only developing the material bequeathed by them. "

The last novel “ Break "was published in 1869 in the journal "Vestnik Evropy". The complex creative history of "The Break" is closely connected with the social and cultural life of Russia in 1850-1860. “This novel was my life: I put into it a part of myself, people close to me, my homeland, the Volga, my native places ...”, wrote Goncharov. In the novel, conceived in 1849 under the title The Artist, the writer wanted to show the conflict between the creative personality and the environment. This is a novel about an artist, in whose image Goncharov, according to him, showed a kind of “artistic Oblomovism”, “the talented Russian nature, wasted in vain, to no avail.” ”.
The final title of the novel "The Break" determines the fate of the young generation, who suffered a tragic defeat in search of their own historical path. This name is symbolic, it contains the ideological essence of the work. The cliff is both a place of a terrible murder, and a tragic misunderstanding of two generations, a break in traditions and a fall into the abyss of disbelief. The novel continued the search for a moral ideal and reflected criticism of nihilism.
Goncharov himself considered this work to be the best of everything he wrote.

V. The word of the teacher. Slides 28-34 /

1. The writer responded to the social events of the 40s with the novel "An Ordinary History". Goncharov firmly stands on the progressive positions of the enlightened bourgeoisie and exposes from these positions the inconsistency of the noble-manor culture.
2. The novel "Oblomov" was created in the 50s, when the conflict between the two systems - the patriarchal-serf and capitalist - became even more aggravated and raised the question of the inevitability of the abolition of serfdom. Reform of 1861 was approaching. In Oblomov, Goncharov pronounces a harsh sentence on the feudal-serf system, albeit with a certain hidden sadness.
3. "The Cliff" was created mainly in the 60s. The patriarchal-estate life was now a thing of the past, the positions of the bourgeoisie were strengthened. But at this time a new social force appeared on the stage of Russian history - revolutionary democracy, calling for a social revolution.
Goncharov's position is clear: he is the enemy of any violent breakdown.

Goncharov saw the ideal of social development in the transformation of everything "through reforms", in the cooperation of all classes of Russian society, in the harmony of their interests.

Vi. The last decades. Slide 35–39 /

I.A. Goncharova intended to write a new, fourth novel after "The Break". In January 1870 he wrote to P.V. Annenkov: "If the strength becomes, it is better for me, having finished with" The Cliff ", to think carefully about something new, that is, about the novel, if old age does not interfere."

But Goncharov "abandoned this plan" because, in his opinion, " creativity requires a calm observation of already established and calmed forms of life, and the new life is too new, it trembles in the process of fermentation, is formed today, decomposes tomorrow, and changes by leaps and bounds. The current heroes are not like tomorrow's and can only be reflected in the mirror of satire, a light sketch, and not in large epic works. "

“That which has not grown and matured in myself, which I have not seen, did not observe, which has not lived, is inaccessible to my pen! - said the writer. I wrote only what I was experiencing, that I thought, felt that I loved, that I saw and knew up close - in a word, I wrote both my life and what was attached to it "("Better late than never"). This explains why Goncharov did not write a novel about "modern life".

In December 1871, Goncharov attended the performance “Woe from Wit” of the Alexandrinsky Theater, and soon a “critical study” “Million of Torments” was written, containing a deep analysis of the comedy by A.S. Griboyedov. There was no strength to create major epic works, but Ivan Aleksandrovich continues to work a lot and fruitfully: he writes Notes on Belinsky's Personality, articles Better Late Than Never, An Unusual History, autobiographical sketches At Home, In university ”.
In the last years of his life he lived in solitude, surrounded by the children of the servant Karl Treigut, who died in 1878. Goncharov died on September 15 from pneumonia at the age of 80. He was buried in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. In 1956, the writer's ashes were moved to the Volkovo cemetery. The obituary, published on the pages of Vestnik Evropy, noted: "Like Turgenev, Herzen, Ostrovsky, Saltykov, Goncharov will always occupy one of the most prominent places in our literature."

We got acquainted with the biography of I.A. Goncharov and his creative heritage. Now let's check the task completed during the lesson: What circumstances of life shaped the writer's worldview, his philosophical and aesthetic views?

Student responses.

Vii. Knowledge consolidation stage /

Quiz/
Purpose: to consolidate knowledge of the biography and creativity of A.I. Goncharova

1. Whom did I.А. Goncharov literature as a home teacher?

2. What book of essays did Goncharov write during his trip around the world?

3. Name three novels by Goncharov.

4. What is the name of the poet, who for Goncharov is an incomparable teacher of life, educator of noble human feelings, love for the motherland.

5. Which of the writers first used the word "Oblomovism"?

• I.A. Goncharov.
• ON. Dobrolyubov.
• DI. Pisarev.
• V.G. Belinsky.

6. “My God! What a light, what a magical distance suddenly opened! " - such an enthusiastic review Goncharov gave to the work:

• "A Hero of Our Time" M.Yu. Lermontov.
• “Eugene Onegin” A.S. Pushkin.
• "Dead Souls! N.V. Gogol.
• “Woe from Wit” by A.S. Griboyedov.

7. It is known that Goncharov went on a round-the-world voyage on the frigate Pallada, and how did he return home?

8. In what work did Belinsky see “a terrible blow to romanticism, dreaminess, sentimentality”?

9. What literary heroes have a book on the table that one has already opened for two years on page 14, while the other has the pages of open books covered with dust and turned yellow? Name the works and their authors.

VIII. Lesson summary.
IX. Homework: re-read chapters 1-10 of the novel "Oblomov".