Kosta Khetagurov's birthday presentation. Kosta khetagurov is the founder of Ossetian literature. I. Organizational moment. Introductory conversation

Costa himself wrote in his autobiography: “I was born in 1859 in the Ossetian village of Nar, high in the Caucasus Mountains, on a rocky ledge, and when the fog clears, it resembles a ship amidst centuries-old heaps of ridges, mountain crevices, and narrow gorges. My father Levan Elizbarovich Khetagurov was a participant in the Hungarian campaign to pacify Poland. At the head of the regiment of the indigenous population of the North and South Caucasus, he served in Vladikavkaz, commanding a hundred Ossetian militia. My mother, Maria Gavrilovna Khetagurova-Gubaeva, was the daughter of a warrant officer of the Russian troops, she died when I was 2 years old, and I was raised in great love by Chenza Khetagurova, a distant relative on the paternal side, a woman of a golden heart and good disposition. " Family

The father understood the importance of enlightenment and tried to give his son an education: the Narsk rural school, the Vladikavkaz progymnasium, the Kalandzhinskoe primary school, the Stavropol gymnasium. Costa found himself under the tutelage of the wonderful pedagogues-trustees of the educational institutions of the region, Ya.M. Neverov, the drawing teacher of the gymnasium V.I. Smirnov, who helped to reveal his great talent. Costa began to paint early, and in 1877 his paintings were sent to Moscow for the All-Russian exhibition of works by students of secondary educational institutions, where they received the highest praise. Kosta Khetagurov in his student years

In the early eighties, Costa went to St. Petersburg, where he passed the school of mastery from Repin, Makovsky, Surikov, Serov, Vrubel, who later became the pride of Russian classical art. His paintings are world famous: Natural Bridge, For Water, Zikar Pass, Grieving Angel, Dining Mountain, Teberda Valley, Portrait of Misibri Gutiev, Portrait of Anna Tsalikova, his decorations for Hadji Murat and the Gypsy Baron are known. In 1887, the exhibition of the painting Saint Nina Equal to the Apostles, the enlightener of Georgia in the Vladikavkaz commercial club was such a success that some people had to touch the painting with their hand to make sure it was a canvas and not a living person. Self-portrait of K. Khetagurov

In St. Petersburg K. Khetagurov began to actively engage in literary activity. Costa is getting closer to the family of Sofia Vasilievna Tarkhanova, - said Tombashki. - Such representatives of the advanced Russian and Caucasian intelligentsia as brothers Javakhishvili, Andronnikov, Koni, geographer Miklukho-Maclay, Scheller-Mikhailov, Alexandrov (defender of Vera Zasulich), N.A. Morozov, K.D. Eristavi, E .M. Semenskaya and others. Traditionally, Kosta Khetagurov is considered the founder of the literary Ossetian language. In 1899, he published a collection of poetry "Ossetian lyre" (Osset. "Iron fandyr"), in which, among other things, poems for children in the Ossetian language were first published. From St. Petersburg, Khetagurov is expelled for political reasons to Vladikavkaz, where he is published in the newspapers Kazbek, the North Caucasus, and in the Terskie Vedomosti magazine. The satirical poem Who Lives in Russia Cheerfully is published by the newspaper North Caucasus, Kosta writes poetry in the Ossetian and Russian languages.

In 1891, by order of the head of the Terek region, General Kakhanov, he was expelled from Vladikavkaz for a protest written in the name of the Chief Prosecutor of the Most Holy Synod Pobedonostsev about the closure of a girls' school. Kosta left Vladikavkaz for the village of Georgievsko-Ossetianskoye to his elderly father. Perhaps the most difficult time in the poet's life began. Now he was completely excluded from the social environment and doomed to lead an aimless existence: he was no longer and could not be a simple peasant, and he had no opportunity to apply his knowledge and talent to any important and worthy cause. In January 1892, Costa faced even more severe blows of fate. The matchmaking to a long and beloved girl Anna Alexandrovna Tsalikova ended with a polite refusal. The poet's father died. Portrait of Anna Tsalikova Kosta Khetagurov is the pride of Ossetia and the entire Soviet people. M. SHOLOKHOV

Costa worked in this edition until 1897. And these years were the time of the most intense creative and social activity of the Ossetian poet. In four years, he turned from an obscure provincial poet into a prominent literary figure of his time. All these years Kosta wrote not only in Russian. In July 1897, Kosta Khetagurov was forced to undergo an operation. It went well, but tuberculosis of the hip was not conquered. In October, the poet had to leave for St. Petersburg and again see a doctor. On November 25, he underwent a difficult operation, after which he did not get out of bed for six months. In June 1898, Costa returned to his homeland, where he continued his treatment. On May 26, 1899 Costa was already on his way to the place of new exile on the initiative of the same General Kakhanov, whom Costa annoyed with his articles and satirical works. Upon his return to the Caucasus in March 1900, Costa again began to collaborate in the periodicals of Stavropol. Pyatigorsk and Vladikavkaz. His journalism became even more acute and problematic. He was no less active. than in the heyday of his journalism. And, it seemed, a new, more mature period of his work had begun, but it was soon discovered that the poet's strength was at the end, that his health was irreparably broken.

In December 1901 Kosta moved to Vladikavkaz, deciding to settle here forever. He takes an active part in all local cultural and educational events. He is engaged in painting. As a publicist, he continues to work on the poem "Khetag", tries to open a drawing school for gifted children, assumes to take over the editing of the newspaper "Kazbek". However, all these undertakings remained unfinished or unfulfilled. By the end of 1903, Costa, sick and lonely, spent in an unheated apartment, deprived not only of medical care, but also of basic supervision. Material difficulties were so hopeless that the proud Costa sometimes had to ask his friends for bread. In the summer, his sister came for him and took him to his native village. The poet lived for three more years. But he could no longer return to creative and social activities. I believe that every Ossetian can be considered a worthy son of his people to the extent that he values \u200b\u200band loves Costa. V. ABAEV

On March 19, 1906, his noble heart stopped beating. During the poet's lifetime, few people understood the true meaning of Costa's artistic creativity and social activities. But when he was gone, it was clearly revealed that a man of extraordinary talent, wisdom and courageous character had left. The memory of Costa is still alive today among the people. He is also chanted today by those against whom his pen was directed: servants of all stripes, selling and betraying the people and the Motherland. I never traded with my word, never received money from anyone for one of my lines. And I do not write in order to write and print, because many people do it. No! I do not need the laurels of such a writing, nor the benefits from it. I write what I can no longer hold back in my aching heart ... (K. Khetagurov)

I want to conclude with Costa's words, expressing the meaning of his life and work: I did not know happiness, but I am ready for freedom, Which I am used to cherish as happiness, Give in one step, which would be the people, I could ever pave to freedom. Prepared by: Pupil 10 "A" class Yakovleva Ekaterina Teacher: Melnikova V.A.

Slide 1

Kosta Levanovich Khetagurov
15.10.1859 – 1.04.1906

Slide 2

Childhood
Kosta Khetagurov was born on October 15, 1859 in the mountain village of Nar in the family of a warrant officer of the Russian army Levan Elizbarovich Khetagurov. Kosta's mother, Maria Gavrilovna Gubaeva, died soon after his birth, entrusting his upbringing to a relative of Chendze Khetagurova. Levan Khetagurov married a second time when Costa was about five years old. His wife was the daughter of a local priest, Sukhiev. Later Kosta said about her: “There is nothing to say about Khizmida. She ... didn't love me. In early childhood, I ran away from her to various relatives. "

Slide 3

Study
Khetagurov first studied at the Narsk school, then, having moved to Vladikavkaz, he began to study at the gymnasium. In 1870, Levan Khetagurov, at the head of the landless Ossetians of the Narsk gorge, moved to the Kuban region. He founded the village of Georgievsko-Ossetianskoe there. Missing his father, Kosta dropped out of school and fled to him from Vladikavkaz. With difficulty, his father got him to the Kalandzhinskoye primary stanitsa school. From 1871 to 1881, Khetagurov studied at the Stavropol provincial gymnasium. In 1881, in August, Khetagurov was admitted to the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. In 1883 he was deprived of a scholarship and thereby almost all means of subsistence. Soon he stopped attending the Academy, and in 1885 he went back to Ossetia. Until 1891 he lived in Vladikavkaz, where a significant part of his poems were written in the Ossetian language. Since 1888 he has been publishing his poems in the Stavropol newspaper Severny Kavkaz.

Slide 4

Link
In June 1891, for his freedom-loving poetry, he was exiled from Ossetia. Two years later he moved to Stavropol. In 1895, a collection of works by Khetagurov, written in Russian, was published in the newspaper "North Caucasus". Soon, Costa falls ill with tuberculosis and undergoes two operations. Despite this, he continues to write poetry. May 29, 1899 arrived at the place of exile in Kherson. At this time, he feels very bad. Kherson Kosta didn't like it: it's stuffy and dusty here. He wrote that on the streets you will not meet intelligent people, but only merchants and tradeswomen. Costa asks to transfer him to Odessa, but they were afraid to let him go there, they were allowed to move to Ochakov. Here he rented a room in the house of the fisherman Osip Danilov. Khetagurov liked the hospitable hosts very much, but he was especially conquered by the sea, "which spread with all its breadth in front of the very windows of the hut."

Slide 5

Return from exile
In December 1899, Costa received a telegram announcing the cancellation of the link, but was only able to leave there in March 1900. First settling in Pyatigorsk, then he moved to Stavropol to resume work in the newspaper "North Caucasus". In 1901, Khetagurov fell seriously ill. The illness prevented him from completing the poems "Weeping Rock" and "Khetag". In the autumn of the same year, the poet moved to Vladikavkaz, where the disease finally confined him to bed. The last thing Costa thought about was himself. Only at the end of his life he began to build a house, but did not finish it, was going to start a family - and also did not have time. He died on April 1, 1906, worn out by persecution and a serious illness, in the village of Georgievsko-Ossetiansky, Kuban region. At the insistence of the people of Ossetia, the ashes of the great compatriot were subsequently transported to Vladikavkaz.

Slide 6

Memory
In 1944-1957. the city of Nazran was called Kosta-Khetagurovo. Karachay-Cherkessia The Ossetian village where he died North Ossetia is named after the poet. In Vladikavkaz, in front of the building of the Ossetian drama theater, there is a monument to the poet. The longest street in the city, Costa Avenue, is named after him. There is also Kosta Khetagurov street in Vladikavkaz. The name of the poet is the largest university of the republic - the North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurov. South Ossetia The village of Khetagurovo in South Ossetia is named in honor of the poet, and a drama theater in Tskhinvali bears his name. In the park of culture of the city of Leningori in October 2009 a monument to the poet was erected. St. Petersburg On the wall of the house where Khetagurov lived while studying at the Academy of Arts, there is a memorial plaque. A monument to Khetagurov was unveiled in the courtyard of the Academy of Arts in 2009. Ochakov One of the streets of Ochakov is named after Kosta Khetagurov. Georgia In 2007, on October 28, in Tbilisi, in the square on Khetagurov Street, a bust of Kosta Khetagurov was opened

Kosta Levanovich Khetagurov

« I was in Japan ... And I felt pleased when in one of the cities we were told that they know our Costa well ». Rasul Gamzatov

• ossetian language ... IN 1899 year Ossetian lira » ( osset . "Iron fændyr" Alexandru Kubalov (« Afhardts Hasan », 1897 year
• Kosta Khetagurov is considered the founder of the literary ossetian language ... IN 1899 year he published a collection of poetry “ Ossetian lira » ( osset . "Iron fændyr"), in which, among other things, poems for children in the Ossetian language were first published. Strictly speaking, the primacy in publishing a major poetic work in the Ossetian language belongs to Alexandru Kubalov (« Afhardts Hasan », 1897 year), however, the contribution of Khetagurov to Ossetian literature, his influence on its further development is incomparably greater.
• Kosta Khetagurov is considered the founder of the literary ossetian language ... IN 1899 year he published a collection of poetry “ Ossetian lira » ( osset . "Iron fændyr"), in which, among other things, poems for children in the Ossetian language were first published. Strictly speaking, the primacy in publishing a major poetic work in the Ossetian language belongs to Alexandru Kubalov (« Afhardts Hasan », 1897 year), however, the contribution of Khetagurov to Ossetian literature, his influence on its further development is incomparably greater.
• Kosta Khetagurov is considered the founder of the literary ossetian language ... IN 1899 year he published a collection of poetry “ Ossetian lira » ( osset . "Iron fændyr"), in which, among other things, poems for children in the Ossetian language were first published. Strictly speaking, the primacy in publishing a major poetic work in the Ossetian language belongs to Alexandru Kubalov (« Afhardts Hasan », 1897 year), however, the contribution of Khetagurov to Ossetian literature, his influence on its further development is incomparably greater.

• Kosta Khetagurov was born on October 15 1859 in the mountain aule Nar in family ensign Russian army Levan Elizbarovich Khetagurov. Kosta's mother, Maria Gavrilovna Gubaeva, died soon after his birth, entrusting his upbringing to a relative of Chendze Dzaparova (nee Tuayeva).
• Levan Khetagurov married a second time when Costa was about five years old. His wife was the daughter of a local priest Sukhiev. Costa later said about her: “ There is nothing to say about Khizmida (the name of his stepmother). She ... didn't love me. In early childhood, I ran away from her to various relatives. »

• Khetagurov studied first at the Narsk school, then, having moved to Vladikavkaz , began to study in gymnasium ... IN 1870 year Levan Khetagurov, at the head of the Ossetians of the Narsky gorge, moved to Kuban region ... He founded there village Georgievsko-Ossetian now the village named after Costa Khetagurova ... Missing his father, Kosta dropped out of school and fled to him from Vladikavkaz. With difficulty, his father arranged for him in the Kalandzhinskoye initial stanitsa school .
• FROM 1871 by 1881 year Khetagurov studied in Stavropol provincial gymnasium .

• IN 1881 year , in August, Khetagurov was admitted to Petersburg Academy of Arts to the workshop of prof. P. P. Chistyakova ... IN 1883 year deprived of a scholarship and thus almost all means of subsistence. Soon he stopped attending the Academy, and in 1885 year went back to Ossetia. By 1891 year lived in Vladikavkaz, where a significant part of his poems were written in ossetian ... FROM 1888 year publishes his poems in the Stavropol newspaper "North Caucasus".
• In June 1891 year for his freedom-loving poems he was exiled outside Ossetia. Two years later he moved to Stavropol ... IN 1895 year in the newspaper "North Caucasus" published a collection of works by Khetagurov, written in Russian.

• Soon Costa falls ill tuberculosis and transfers two operations. Despite this, he continues to write poetry. May 29 1899 year arrived at the place of reference in Kherson ... At this time, he feels very bad. Khetagurov did not like Kherson: it is stuffy and dusty here. He wrote that on the streets you will not meet intelligent people, but only merchants and tradeswomen. Here he rented a room in a house fisherman Osip Danilova. Khetagurov really liked the hospitable hosts, but he was especially captivated by sea , « which spread with all its breadth in front of the very windows of the hut ". Khetagurov was very touched by the beauty of these places, and he was very sorry that he did not have paints with him. Here, in Ochakov , in 1899 year Kosta learns that a collection of his Ossetian poems, "The Ossetian lyre", was published in Vladikavkaz.

• December 1899 year Costa received a telegram about the cancellation of the link, but was able to leave there only in March 1900 ... First settling in Pyatigorsk , then he moved to Stavropol to resume work in the newspaper "North Caucasus".
• Kosta Khetagurov in his student years
• IN 1901 year Khetagurov fell seriously ill. Illness prevented him from completing the poems "Weeping Rock" and " Khetag ". In the autumn of the same year, the poet moved to Vladikavkaz, where the disease finally confined him to bed.
• The last thing Costa thought about was himself. Only at the end of his life he began to build a house, but did not finish it, was going to start a family - and also did not have time. He died on April 1st 1906 year , exhausted by persecution and serious illness, in the village of Georgievsko-Ossetiansky, Kuban region (now the village of Kosta Khetagurova, Karachaevsky district of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic). At the insistence of the people of Ossetia, the ashes of the great countryman were subsequently transported to Vladikavkaz .

• « Costa is a wonderful poet, whose work touches a person with social truthfulness and sincere, clearly designed poems ». Maksim Gorky

« In the personality, in the character of Kosta Khetagurov, the national character of the Ossetian people is brilliantly expressed, developed, crystallized over centuries of difficult history. " Nafi Dzhusoyty

Kosta Levanovich Khetagurov The great son of the Ossetian people Kosta Khetagurov is not only the founder of Ossetian literature, but also the pioneer of easel and fresco painting and decorative and design art both in Ossetia and among other highlanders of the North Caucasus.

Costa himself wrote in his autobiography: I was born in 1859 in the Ossetian village of Nar, high in the Caucasus Mountains, on a rocky ledge, and when the fog clears, it resembles a ship in the midst of age-old heaps of ridges, mountain crevices, narrow gorges. My father Levan Elizbarovich Khetagurov was a participant in the Hungarian campaign to pacify Poland. At the head of the regiment of the indigenous population of the North and South Caucasus, he served in Vladikavkaz, commanding a hundred Ossetian militia. My mother, Maria Gavrilovna Khetagurova-Gubaeva, was the daughter of a warrant officer of the Russian troops, she died when I was 2 years old, and I was raised in great love by Chenza Khetagurova, a distant relative on the paternal side, a woman of a golden heart and kind disposition. The father understood the importance of enlightenment and tried to give his son an education: the Narsk rural school, the Vladikavkaz progymnasium, the Kalandzhinskoe primary school, the Stavropol gymnasium. Costa found himself under the tutelage of the wonderful pedagogues-trustees of the educational institutions of the region, Ya.M. Neverov, the drawing teacher of the gymnasium V.I. Smirnov, who helped to reveal his great talent. Costa began to paint early, and in 1877 his paintings were sent to Moscow for the All-Russian exhibition of works by students of secondary educational institutions, where they received the highest praise.

In St. Petersburg K. Khetagurov began to actively engage in literary activity. Costa is getting closer to the family of Sofia Vasilievna Tarkhanova, - said Tombashki. - Such representatives of the advanced Russian and Caucasian intelligentsia as the brothers Javakhishvili, Andronnikov, Koni, geographer Miklukho-Maclay, Scheller-Mikhailov, Aleksandrov (defender of Vera Zasulich), Shlisselburzhets N.A. Morozov, KD Eristavi, EAT. Semenskaya and others. From St. Petersburg he is expelled for political reasons to Vladikavkaz, where he is published in the newspapers Kazbek, the North Caucasus, and in the Terskie vedomosti magazine. The satirical poem Who Lives in Russia Cheerfully is published by the newspaper North Caucasus, Kosta writes poetry in the Ossetian and Russian languages. In 1891, by order of the head of the Terek region, General Kakhanov, he was expelled from Vladikavkaz for a protest written to the Chief Prosecutor of the Most Holy Synod Pobedonostsev regarding the closure of a girls' school. Kosta left Vladikavkaz for the village of Georgievsko-Osetinskoe to his elderly father. Perhaps the most difficult time in the poet's life began. Now he was completely excluded from the social environment and doomed to lead an aimless existence: he was no longer and could not be a simple peasant, and he had no opportunity to apply his knowledge and talent to any important and worthy business.

In January 1892, Costa faced even more severe blows of fate. The matchmaking to a long and beloved girl, Anna Alexandrovna Tsalikova, ended with a polite refusal. The poet's father died. In the wilds of Karachay Kosta spent almost 2 years. Only in February 1893 he managed to move to Stavropol and become a permanent employee of the newspaper "North Caucasus". Costa worked in this edition until 1897. And these years were the time of the most intense creative and social activity of the Ossetian poet. The title page of the manuscript "Iron Fundyr" In four years, he turned from an unknown provincial poet into a prominent literary figure of his time. All these years Kosta wrote not only in Russian. His Ossetian works were mostly written at the same time, but he could not publish them, there was no Ossetian press yet, nor Ossetian book publishing. However, the poet worked hard to improve his works that were included in the book "Iron Fadyr". In July 1897, Kosta Khetagurov was forced to undergo an operation. It went well, but tuberculosis of the hip was not conquered. In October, the poet had to leave for St. Petersburg and again see a doctor. On November 25, he underwent a difficult operation, after which he did not get out of bed for six months. In June 1898, Costa returned to his homeland, where he continued his treatment.

On May 26, 1899, the Osta was already on its way to the place of a new exile on the initiative of the same General Kakhanov, whom Costa annoyed with his articles and satirical works. Upon his return to the Caucasus in March 1900, Costa again began to collaborate in the periodicals of Stavropol. Pyatigorsk and Vladikavkaz. His journalism became even more acute and problematic. He was no less active. than in the heyday of his journalism. And, it seemed, a new, more mature period of his work had begun, but it soon became clear that the poet's strength was at the end, that his health was irreparably broken. In December 1901 Kosta moved to Vladikavkaz, deciding to settle here forever. He takes an active part in all local cultural and educational events. He is engaged in painting. As a publicist, he continues to work on the poem "Khetag", tries to open a drawing school for gifted children, assumes to take over the editing of the "Kazbek" newspaper. However, all these undertakings remained unfinished or unfulfilled. By the end of 1903, Costa, sick and lonely, spent in an unheated apartment, deprived not only of medical care, but also of basic supervision. Material difficulties were so hopeless that the proud Costa sometimes had to ask his friends for bread. In the summer, his sister came for him and took him to his native village. The poet lived for three more years. But he could no longer return to creative and social activities.

On March 19, 1906, his noble heart stopped beating. During the poet's lifetime, few people understood the true significance of Costa's artistic creativity and social activities. But when he was gone, it was clearly revealed that a man of extraordinary talent, wisdom and courageous character had left. The memory of Costa is still alive today among the people. He is also sung today by those against whom his pen was directed: servants of all stripes, selling and betraying the people and the Motherland. I never traded with my word, never received money from anyone for one of my lines. And I do not write in order to write and print, because many people do it. No! I do not need the laurels of such a writing, nor the benefits from it. I write what I can no longer hold back in my aching heart ... (K. Khetagurov)

Project name:

"Life and work of Kosta Levanovich Khetagurov"

• To generalize the knowledge of children about the life and work of K.L. Khetagurova

• To practice and improve the skill of expressive reading, the ability to navigate the read works.
• Develop oral monologue; the ability to express one's opinion, the ability to accept the opinions of comrades; the ability to listen to each other.
• To develop cognitive and reader's interest in the works of the Ossetian people.
• To foster love for their small homeland, its folk traditions, literature, art; to instill good and bright feelings on the examples of the heroes of the works.

Kosta Levanovich Khetagurov

An outstanding Ossetian poet and public figure, the founder of Ossetian fiction and the Ossetian literary language.

• Kosta Levanovich Khetagurov was born on October 15, 1859 in a mountain village Nar located in the upper reaches of the Alagir Gorge, in the very heart of the Main Caucasian Range.

• Costa himself wrote in his autobiography:
• “My father, Levan Elizbarovich Khetagurov, was a participant in the Hungarian campaign to pacify Poland. At the head of the regiment of the indigenous population of the North and South Caucasus, he served in Vladikavkaz, commanding a hundred Ossetian militia.
• My mother, Maria Gavrilovna Khetagurova-Gubaeva, was the daughter of a warrant officer of the Russian troops, she died when I was 2 years old, and I was raised in great love by Chenza Khetagurova, a distant relative on the paternal side, a woman of a golden heart and good disposition. "

Maria Gavrilovna

Gubaeva -

mother Costa

Levan Elizbarovich Khetagurov - father Costa

Education

• The father understood the importance of enlightenment and tried to give his son an education: the Narskaya rural school, the Vladikavkaz progymnasium, the Kalandzhinskoe primary school, the Stavropol gymnasium. Costa found himself under the tutelage of the wonderful teachers-trustees of educational institutions of the region, Ya.M. Neverov, the drawing teacher of the gymnasium V.I. Smirnov, who helped to reveal his great talent. Costa began to paint early, and in 1877 his paintings were sent to Moscow for the All-Russian exhibition of works by students of secondary educational institutions, where they received the highest praise.

Kosta Khetagurov in his student years

Khetagurov - artist

• In the early eighties, Costa went to St. Petersburg, where he passed the school of mastery from Repin, Makovsky, Surikov, Serov, Vrubel, who later became the pride of Russian classical art. His paintings are world famous: "Natural Bridge", "For Water", "Zikar Pass", "Grieving Angel", "Dining Mountain", "Teberda Valley", "Portrait of Misibri Gutiev", "Portrait of Anna Tsalikova", his decorations are known to “Hadji Murat” and “Gypsy Baron”. In 1887, the exhibition of the painting “Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Nina, Enlightener of Georgia” at the Vladikavkaz Commercial Club was such a success that some people had to touch the painting with their hand to make sure that it was a canvas and not a living person.

Self-portrait of K. Khetagurov

"Teberda gorge"

"Portrait of A.A. Tsalikova"

Portrait of Tkhostova

"Grieving Angel"

Portrait

"Bridge"

"To source"

« Children are bricklayers »

Traditionally, Kosta Khetagurov is considered the founder of the literary Ossetian language. In 1899 he published a collection of poetry "Ossetian lyre" (Osset. "Iron fændyr"), in which, among other things, poems for children in the Ossetian language were first published.

• In St. Petersburg K. Khetagurov began to actively engage in literary activity. Costa is getting closer to the family of Sofia Vasilievna Tarkhanova, - said Tombashki. - Such representatives of the advanced Russian and Caucasian intelligentsia as brothers Javakhishvili, Andronnikov, Koni, geographer Miklukho-Maclay, Scheller-Mikhailov, Aleksandrov (defender of Vera Zasulich), N.A. Morozov, K.D. Eristavi, E .M. Semenskaya and others.

From Petersburg Khetagurova he was sent for political reasons to Vladikavkaz, where he was published in the newspapers Kazbek, Severny Kavkaz, and in the Terskie Vedomosti magazine. The satirical poem "Who Lives Fun in Russia" is published by the newspaper "North Caucasus", Kosta writes poetry in the Ossetian and Russian languages.

Kosta Khetagurov is the pride of Ossetia and the entire Soviet people.

M. SHOLOKHOV

• In 1891, by order of the head of the Terek region, General Kakhanov, he was expelled from Vladikavkaz for a protest written in the name of the Chief Prosecutor of the Most Holy Synod Pobedonostsev about the closure of a girls' school. Kosta left Vladikavkaz for the village of Georgievsko-Ossetianskoye to his elderly father. Perhaps the most difficult time in the poet's life began. Now he was completely excluded from the social environment and doomed to lead an aimless existence: he was no longer and could not be a simple peasant, and he had no opportunity to apply his knowledge and talent to any important and worthy cause.

• In January 1892, Costa faced even more severe blows of fate. The matchmaking to a long and beloved girl, Anna Alexandrovna Tsalikova, ended with a polite refusal. The poet's father died.

Portrait Anna Tsalikova

I believe that every Ossetian can to be considered a worthy son of his people, in what he appreciates and loves Costa.

• In December 1901 Kosta moved to Vladikavkaz, deciding to settle here forever. He takes an active part in all local cultural and educational events. He is engaged in painting. As a publicist, he continues to work on the poem "Khetag", tries to open a drawing school for gifted children, assumes to take over the editing of the "Kazbek" newspaper. However, all these undertakings remained unfinished or unfulfilled. By the end of 1903, Costa, sick and alone, spent in an unheated apartment, deprived not only of medical care, but also of basic supervision. The financial difficulties were so hopeless that the proud Costa sometimes had to ask his friends for bread. In the summer, his sister came for him and took him to his native village. The poet lived for three more years. But he could no longer return to creative and social activities.

• On March 19, 1906, his noble heart stopped beating. During the poet's lifetime, few people understood the true meaning of Costa's artistic creativity and social activities. But when he was gone, it was clearly revealed that a man of extraordinary talent, wisdom and courageous character had left. The memory of Costa is still alive today among the people. He is also chanted today by those against whom his pen was directed: servants of all stripes, selling and betraying the people and the Motherland.

He sang love, but the voice was sad. Alas, he knew love only torment.

V. Zhukovsky

• Costa's life and destiny have developed in such a way that he was given the role of a fighter, be it a fighter for the people's happiness, or for his own. The poet himself noted that he is half happy, since "... the first and main half of happiness is to love oneself, and already to be loved means to enjoy the aggravated happiness of love." He will never be deprived of the first component of happiness. In one of his poems, he exclaims:
• I'm happy that I love - love one obedient, Under her banner I will go to mortal battle, I will go to the court of the cold, wild, absurd crowd With a clear conscience, with a jubilant soul ...

For the implementation of the second component Costa will fight all his life.

One of his first surviving poetic experiments is considered a poem addressed to a certain "Faith", which was probably the first hobby of the young poet

Vera! Whom your heart could only love You want to appropriate yourself completely and rightfully! But he is already yours completely inseparable and holy! Sweetheart, know: all movement is far from you Noisy, fast-paced life Seems like a light taffeta through which I I see your face incessantly - and it shines To me he, affably faithful, like eternal stars, Burning brightly with an iridescent sheen from the darkness.

"Ossetian Costa"

Yes I'm too old ... You look fearfully On sunken eyes, on furrows of wrinkles ... My waist is drawn ugly in rags, A lot of disheveled gray hairs. The grave for me is a desirable gift from heaven ... Yes, I'm too old ...

The image of Anna Popova became a source of inspiration for Costa as an artist. Firstly, he created a famous portrait of her, painted in oil in the mid-80s. Anna served as a model both for the creation of the paintings "The Grieving Angel", painted in 1888, and "Saint Nina", commissioned by Costa by the women's educational institution of St. Nina in Tiflis and shown at an exhibition in Vladikavkaz in 1887.

Kosta Khetagurov met his second love, Anna Alexandrovna Tsalikova, a few years later after meeting Anna Popova.

Anna was a man of versatile talents: she sang, danced, played the accordion, and acted. She was charming, kind, with a subtle sense of humor. Costa loved her and did not lose hope for reciprocity. However, Anna did not say "yes" or "no" to the poet in love.

This uncertainty in the relationship made Costa suffer.

Costa also dedicated a number of poems to Anna Tsalikova. This - "I am outliving the century, you are just beginning to live ..." (1893), "Again to you, beloved friend ..." (1894), "What to regret ... Sick breath of the storm .. . "(1894)," It is not difficult to part, it is not difficult to kill ... "(1894)," Do not believe that I have forgotten our native mountains ... "(1896)," Openness "(1899) .), "Confession", "A.A.Ts."

I am outliving a century, you are just beginning to live, -

I'm exhausted under the burden of toil

Struggle and poverty; you have fun ripping off

Spring flowers ... I am old, you are young.

Why did we meet? Why is a broken soul

Did I love you as a friend, as a sister?

After all, I finished my glass, and yours, barely poured,

Stands untouched at the feast of life.

Yes, we are not on our way ... But, having met you,

I bless the staff and bag again, -

I'll hit the strings with a trembling hand

And I will proclaim freedom and love to the world.

I often played rhymes

Not being a poet,

But how he loved and how he suffered, -

He did not speak at the same time.

Now I am my confession

I want to tell the world:

I love, I painfully love,

I love Annette like life.

In the end, Costa, realizing that his relationship with Anna had no prospects, apparently reconciled with this idea, in any case, he no longer attempted to ask for Anna Tsalikova's hand.

And in 1902 he even asked for the hand of the daughter of his friend Ioram Khurumov, Leli Khurumova, and received consent. The marriage was prevented by the death of Lyolya, who died at 22 from tuberculosis.

To all the girls to whom Costa at different times dedicated poems or whose portraits he painted, he will dedicate the poem "Portrait Gallery".

Portrait gallery This one - Vera is still a schoolgirl, Near Coser, she is Natalia, Lyuba is a student and Olga is a student, Anya and Anya 18 - wonderful waist! This Nastasya is an ideological girl With German exposure, but with warm affection. Lelka the Fratsuzhenka is a glorious child, Elena is next to the Jewish leaven ... …

I didn't know happiness, but I'm ready for freedom, Which I used to cherish as happiness, Give one step, which would be to the people, I was able to pave to freedom someday.

Prepared by:

Pupil 11 "A" class

Yakovleva Ekaterina

Teacher:

Melnikova V.A.