Time. Measuring time. Clock. Presentation - Time and Its Dimension Time Presentation
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MKOU Toguchinsky district "Toguchinsky school No. 4"
"TIME AND ITS MEASUREMENT" Completed by: student 4 "B" class Grigory Sudarev Supervisor: Ryabkova Elena Nikolaevna
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What is time?
“I know very well what time is, until I think about it. But if I think about it, I cannot answer "Blessed Augustine Aurelius
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QUESTIONNAIRE
What is time? How is time measured? What time units do you know? What is the largest unit of time? Does time affect a person? Do you believe there is a biological clock? What are the proverbs and sayings about time?
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QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS
What is time? this is our life - 6% is hours, day and night - 18% is a physical quantity - 5% it goes on forever - 3% is what it shows when to go to school - 1% I don't know 67%
How is time measured? Hours, minutes, seconds - 68% Day - 32%
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QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS
What time units do you know? Hour -56% Minute, second - 38% Year, century - 6%
What is the largest unit of time? Hour - 63% Year - 30% Era - 7%
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QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS
Does time affect a person? What are the proverbs and sayings about time? Yes - 85% Don't know - 15% Business time, fun hour - 18% Day and night, days away - 7% Don't know - 65%
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Objective
Research and study of information about the concept of "time" and its measurements at a level understandable to my peers.
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Tasks
Read and analyze literature that describes the concept of "time" and its measurements. Find out what time units exist. Design your watch. To conclude. Summarize the information collected and introduce it to your classmates.
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Hypothesis
I think that time is a special quantity with properties such as originality, duration, irreversibility.
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Explanatory dictionary of S.I. Ozhegova
TIME is: 1. In philosophy: one of the main objective forms (along with space) of the existence of infinitely evolving matter is the successive change of its phenomena and states. 2. Duration, duration of something, measured in seconds, minutes, hours. ... Average daily time. 3. An interval of one duration or another in which something is done, a sequential change of hours, days, years. Time interval. 4. A certain moment in which something happens. 5. Period, era. At all times (always). 6. Time of day, year. Evening time. Kids time. 7. A suitable, convenient time, an opportune moment. Everything has its time. 8. A period or moment, not occupied with something, free from something. Free time 9. In grammar: a form of a verb that relates an action or state to the past, present or future. Present, past, future tense.
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Explanatory dictionary V.I. Dahl
Based on the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by V. I. Dahl, the concept of TIME is the duration of being, the sequence of existence; continuation of cases, events; days after days and centuries after centuries; consecutive day after day. In natural science, stellar, solar, universal, local, standard, and maternity time are distinguished. The universal properties of time are duration, non-recurrence, irreversibility.
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CONCLUSION
There is no clear concept of "time"
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Time units
A moment in time is a point on the time axis. In everyday life, a moment in time can be understood as so many hours, minutes, seconds of such and such a date. Period - a period of time during which a cyclical process makes a full cycle of changes. Moment (moment, moment) - a short period of time.
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Moon calendar
Julian calendar
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Time units
Millennium (millennium) is a time unit equal to 1000 years. Century (century) is a unit of time equal to 100 years. Ten centuries make up a millennium. Decade - A decade is most often understood as a calendar decade, a period of time that includes ten years. Year is a unit of time, in most cases approximately equal to the period of the Earth's revolution around the Sun (365 or 366 days). Quarter - 3 months - 1/4 of a year (used mainly for accounting purposes) Quarter (approximately 1/4 of an academic year) A month is a unit of time associated with the revolution of the Moon around the Earth. (30 or 31 days, February 28 or 29 days) Decade - a period of time lasting 10 days, ten days, the third part of the month. Used primarily in statistics and economics. A week is a unit of time greater than a day and less than a month. (7 days) Five days - five days. Six days - six days
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What is time? this is our life - 6% is hours, day and night - 18% is a physical quantity - 5% it goes on forever - 3% is what it shows when to go to school - 1% I don't know 67%
2. How is time measured? Hours, minutes, seconds - 68% Day - 32%
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Time units
1 year \u003d 12 months \u003d 52 weeks 1 month \u003d 4 weeks 1 week \u003d 7 days 1 day \u003d 24 hours \u003d 1440 minutes \u003d 86400 seconds 1 hour \u003d 1/24 days \u003d 60 minutes \u003d 3600 seconds 1 minute \u003d 1/1440 days \u003d 1/60 hour \u003d 60 seconds 1 second \u003d 1000 milliseconds
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The clock is
a tool with which you can divide the day into small intervals and make these intervals visible. said Johann Littrow
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Regional scientific and practical conference "Step into the future" "Time. Measuring time. Clock". Stolyarova Victoria Grade 5 Leader: Serkina G.N.Slide 2
Objective 1. Conduct a survey, find out what students know about the origin of time. 2. Explore the origin of time and its measurement. 3. Compile a classification of watches from ancient people to the present day. 4. Show the meaning of time for humans and its impact on the human body and animals. 5. Select tasks related to time for logical thinking.
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Objectives: 1. Development of cognitive interest in learning. 2. Application of the acquired knowledge in further training. Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Origin of time, classification and description of watches 3. Biological time and its influence on the body. 4. Entertaining tasks for a while.
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Introduction In our daily life, we use time so often that we do not even think and do not even suspect what it is? Where did the concepts come from: year, month, day, hour, how ancient people measured time and with what. Turning to my classmates and older children, I realized that they too could not explain to me the origin of time and its measurement, then I decided to find out more about this, turning to books, the Internet, and tell my peers about my discoveries.
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The origin of time, classification and description of clocks Objects are easy to count: one, two, three, etc. Measuring a short distance is also not difficult. It is enough to have some kind of measure, even quite often we measure the distance according to the method of primitive people - we count the steps. It is much more difficult to find a yardstick for time. Here, neither fingers nor steps will help: time can only be measured by time, and the measure must be sought in nature.
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The most ancient "clock" that never broke was the sun. Morning afternoon Evening Night. Not very accurate, but this was enough for primitive man. Then people learned to determine the time more accurately: by the sun during the day, and by the stars at night. Ancient sundial. Ancient Egyptian clock.
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People noticed that the stars in the sky were moving, and slowly. They are all, as it were, tied to one star, which they called the Nail of Heaven. Now we call this star Polaris, it shows the direction to the North Pole. Not far from the North Star in the sky, you can always find seven stars arranged in a bucket. This is the constellation Ursa Major. In a day, it goes around a full revolution around the Pole Star, in a night, half a circle. So it turns out that there is a real clock in the sky with a star hand.
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Three or four thousand years ago, people not only knew this day for sure, but also managed to build a stone calendar that showed the beginning of the year without error, it has survived to this day. When the first ray of the rising sun fell on the sacred stone inside the circle, it meant the beginning of a new year. The whole year is 365 days.
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After the week was split into days, we learned to split them into 24 hours. The very first hours were sunny. Time was judged by the length of the shadow cast by vertical objects. The famous obelisks of Ancient Egypt were also indicators of the sundial. They cast clear shadows by which it was possible to indicate the time with an accuracy of several minutes.
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Until our time, such a clock has been preserved, for example, in the city of Pushkin. There is a small milestone with the inscription: "From St. Petersburg, 22 miles," and near it there is a slab with Roman numerals around it. A shadow falling on one or the other number indicates the time of day, like the hand of a clock. Such poles were erected more than 200 years ago at every verst along the entire road from St. Petersburg to Moscow.
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The sundial does not work on a cloudy day and even more so at night. In this case, the ancients had a water clock. Usually, it was a vessel from which water slowly flowed through a narrow tube. Its level in this vessel or in another, where the water was poured, indicated the time, day and night. The error of the water clock was at least 10 minutes per day. In ancient times, there were city water clocks in some eastern cities. Several vessels stood one below the other on the steps of the stone staircase. The upper vessel and water were filled with water, through a small hole poured from it into the second vessel, from it into the third, etc. The attendant who watched the clock, after a certain time announced the hour.
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In ancient times, the well-known hourglass was also invented. The date of the appearance of the first hourglass is unknown. The mention of bottle-type clocks, in all likelihood of sand, has been there since the time of Archimedes. Although the hourglass appeared late in Europe, it quickly spread. This was facilitated by their prostate, reliability, low cost and the ability to measure with their help at any time of the day or night. The disadvantage that hindered the widespread use of this watch was the relatively short time interval, which could be measured without turning the watch over. Usually the hourglass was calculated to work for half an hour or an hour.
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In addition to sundials, hourglasses and water clocks, from the beginning of the XIII century. the first fire - candle clocks appeared. This is a very simple watch in the form of a long thin candle with a scale applied along its length. They showed the time comparatively satisfactorily, and at night they also illuminated the dwellings. The candles used for this purpose were about a meter long. Hence comes the custom of measuring the length of the night by the number of candles burned out during the night. Usually three of these candles burned out during the night, and more in winter. Metal pins were sometimes attached to the sides of the candle, which fell as the wax burned out and melted, and their impact on the metal cup of the candlestick was a kind of sound signaling of time.
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An invention that marked a new stage of development was the "wheel clock", which was later renamed mechanical. Initially, for a long time they had only one hand - the hour. Much later, the minute hand appeared, and 60 years later, the second hand. Then came the time of Electronic, quartz watches, etc. Hardly any other measuring instrument can boast such a variety of incarnations as a watch. Even if we consider, starting only with mechanical ones, we can find clocks with a spring for winding and clocks with weights, cuckoo clocks and pendulum clocks, striking clocks and alarm clocks.
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A variety of sizes - from a tower clock several meters high to a clock in a ring on a finger. In terms of measurement accuracy - from ordinary household ones to sports ones measuring hundredths of a second. The latest invention is a watch in which the second hand does not "jump" to a new position, but moves evenly in a circle.
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In addition to the fact that there is a clock that we are used to using, there is a so-called biological clock, when the body of each person adapts to certain conditions. Even in the days of the water clock, the first attempts to translate the human biological clock appeared. This was due to "wasting daylight." In Great Britain, it was proposed to move the clock hands forward 20 minutes in the summer and return the clock back in winter. All European countries have implemented this idea. In addition to the fact that there is a clock that we are used to using, there is a so-called biological clock, when the body of each person adapts to certain conditions. Even in the days of the water clock, the first attempts to translate the human biological clock appeared. This was due to "wasting daylight." In Great Britain, it was proposed to move the clock hands forward 20 minutes in the summer and return the clock back in winter. All European countries have implemented this idea.
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Various reviews on the transition of winter and summer time: PROS AGAINST 1. ENERGY: Saving electricity, coal. 2.PHARMACISTS: Changing the clock affects the body, increasing the sale of drugs. 3. FARMERS: With the transition to summer time, the time of sowing increases. 1. MEDICINES: Sleep disturbances, heart rhythm disturbances, increased stress, decreased performance, the number of ambulance calls increases. 2. LIVESTOCK BREEDERS: Reduced milk yield.
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Data from a survey of schoolchildren in grades 5-6, in order to find out how the transfer of clocks to summer and winter time affects their body. Conclusion: on my peers, the translation of hours is not reflected in any way, but it's nice that in the fall there is an opportunity to sleep an extra hour. Questions Summer time Winter time 1. Do you feel the clock shift on yourself? 32 5 2.Do you find it easier to get up? 2 25 3. Has your performance improved? 15 12 4 Translation, how long are you more comfortable with? 2 30 5. When did you have more free time? 15 15 6. Did the clock change affect your appetite? 20 3 7. Does the shift in time affect your progress? 4 5 8 Has your regime changed? 18 14 9. Are you satisfied with changing the clock to seasonal? 10 22
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Entertaining tasks for a while. 1. There is an hourglass for 7 and 9 minutes. How to measure exactly 20 minutes with them? 2. The clock struck 3 o'clock, spending 3 seconds on it. How long will it take for this watch to strike 7 o'clock. 3. How many times faster does the end of the minute hand move than the end of the hour hand? 4. What clocks most often show the correct time - which are in a hurry for 2 minutes a day, or which are standing? 5. There are two clocks in the room. Some walk accurately, while others are in a hurry for 8 minutes a day. At noon, the clock was set to exactly 12. How long does it take for the two clocks to show 12 o'clock again at the same time? 6. Eugene Onegin had a pocket watch, which he wound twice a day: in the morning at 8.30 he made 11 full turns of the crown, and in the evening, going to bed, he had to make 9 turns. What time did Onegin go to bed? 7. How many positions are there on a properly running watch when the hour and minute hands are aligned? 8. The man's wall clock has stopped. He goes to his friend, whose clock is running correctly, stays with him for a while, and, returning home, probably sets his clock. How to do this if you know how long the journey takes and how long he spent with a friend?
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Interesting facts from the field of clocks: Clocks are traditionally not installed in casino premises. The traditional clockwise movement of the hour hands is used to indicate the direction of a circular movement. However, there are watches whose hands move “counterclockwise”. Big Ben is not the name of the tower, but the 13-ton bell that rings inside. An atomic clock has an error of 1 second in six million years. One second is 9 192 631 770 vibrations of the radiation of the cesium -133 atom. The clock runs clockwise - from left to right - because this is the direction in which the sundial's shadow moves. The oldest sundial dating back to the 15th century. BC, discovered in Egypt. There are 24 time zones.
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The leap year number (with the added day of February 29) must be a multiple of four. There is an exception: years divisible by 100 are not leap years. There is an exception to the exception: years divisible by 400 are leap years. 1900 was not a leap year, but 2000 was. There are leap seconds. There are: millennium, century, five-year, year, quarter, month, decade, week, day, hour, minute, second, millisecond, microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond, femtosecond, and so on. No one knows exactly why the year is divided into 12 months (this division does not correspond to either the lunar or solar calendar). It is believed that the division of the hour by 60 minutes is associated with the Babylonian number system, which was based not on 10, but on 60. Although one minute has 60 seconds, one second has 1000 milliseconds. It is wrong to say "what time is it?" It is worth saying only "what time is it?" 24 hours of sidereal time equals 23 hours 56 minutes 4.091 seconds of mean solar time.
"Grade 3 Time" - Consolidation of computing skills. Tree. Day. Arrange the numbers in ascending order. Draw a square. Rigorous science. Write the number. Without legs and wings. Day. Second. The grace of a quirky task. Wait a minute. Units. Studied material. Private. First term. Math lesson in grade 3. Clock layout.
"Time. Time Units "- Kilometer. Meter. Kilogram. Ton. Decimeter. Plenty of time. Express: Length. Millimeter. No time. A week. Everything is clear in the lesson, there are no difficulties. Waste time. Weight Length. Nothing is clear in the lesson. Time flies. Weight. Killing time. Year. Day. Month. Centner. Time units. Gram.
"Number as a result of measuring a quantity" - Measuring the length of a segment using a measure. "Number as a result of measuring a value" math lesson in grade 1.
"Drawing up formulas" - The formula for the number of students in the class. Formula of work. Practical work. Drawing up formulas. The formula for the consumption of fabric for a dress. Product value formula. Volumes of geometric bodies. Volume of a rectangular parallelepiped. The area of \u200b\u200bthe rectangle. Squares of geometric shapes. Formula for the area of \u200b\u200ba circle. "Thinking" sheet.
"Actions with quantities" - Express in new units. Actions with named numbers. Find the perimeter. What area does the road take? Solving problems. Solve the chain. How much flour was used for each cake. How much longer is the second piece than the first. How much do both watermelons weigh together. Verbal counting.
"Ancient units of measurement" - Arshin. The Little Humpbacked Horse. The finger is the old name for the finger. The elbow is the oldest measure of length used by many peoples. Average yardstick. Berkovets. Quarter - a period of time equal to a period of 3 months. 1 Hour \u003d 60 minutes \u003d 3600 seconds. 1 ducat \u003d 10 rubles. A span, span (or quarter) is one of the oldest measures of length.
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We measure time by repeating events. How many times the Earth has turned on its axis - so many days have passed. But a day is a very long time, they are divided into hours, hours - into minutes, and minutes - into seconds.
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The earth's surface is divided into 24 time zones, one for each hour of the day. When it is seven in the morning in New York, the famous Big Ben clock in London shows noon, and in Tokyo it is already 9 in the evening.
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Hours are very different. In the homes of our great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers, one could find a clock with a mechanical cuckoo, which every hour protruded from a special window and cackled that another hour had passed.
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The first hours were sunny. The time was determined by the shadow cast by a rod mounted at an oblique angle on the dial. But the sun does not always shine brightly.
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And then they came up with the idea of \u200b\u200bmeasuring time with a water clock. They appeared in Ancient Greece. The most famous clocks (clepsydra) were made by Greek mechanics at the court of the Egyptian Ptolemies (also of Greek origin).
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Initially, the clepsydra was a very simple device: a vessel of water suspended in a niche. A hole is drilled in the bottom of the vessel, into which a small diameter tube is inserted. Water slowly flows down it and falls into another vessel, on the walls of which divisions are applied. The role of the hour hand is played by the water level. The higher it rises, the more time has passed.
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When Christianity was born, the knowledge of the exact time became simply necessary, because all prayers and services go by the clock. The monks came up with the idea of \u200b\u200bmarking the candles in equal shares and measuring the burning time of the candle. By the way, the minutes were not counted then.
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We do not know exactly when the mechanical watch came into existence. Some believe that it is still in Ancient Greece. The first mention of such a watch is found in a Byzantine manuscript of the 6th century. And then solid guesses begin. It seems that Charlemagne carried some kind of device with him on campaigns. It is said that in 996 the monk Herbert Avrilak made a tower clock for the German city of Marburg.
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The tower clock appeared in the 14th century. There are also such watches in Moscow. They are known to all and are located on the Kremlin's Spasskaya Tower.
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At the same time, in the 14th century, pocket watches appeared. Their principle of operation is the same, but instead of weights, they were set in motion by a spring. Such a watch was invented by a mechanic from the German city of Nuremberg P. Henlein. They were square, but everyone called them Nuremberg eggs. They were very expensive, their movement was rather imprecise, and yet for several centuries such watches were out of competition.
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Nowadays, most people prefer wristwatches. They are comfortable and mobile; besides, wristwatches have long become a fashionable accessory, a kind of decoration.
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Nowadays, the most common quartz and electronic watches. They are very easy to use, they do not need to be wound up as they are battery operated and their accuracy is very high.
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We still use the hourglass. In an hourglass, sand is poured over a certain amount of time. Such a clock must be turned over in time so as not to be mistaken in the countdown.
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In the Swedish city of Uppsala, there is an amazing clock - this clock is a large flower bed on which a variety of flowers are planted. Every hour, only one type of flowers blooms regularly on the flower bed. The first, at three o'clock in the morning, the goatbeard petals open, and the last, already at midnight, are the flowers of the "Queen of the Night" cacti.
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You are still in school, and it seems that you have a lot of time ahead to do everything. But time flies fast. And before you have time to look back, it turns out that the school is over ... Don't waste your time, know how to manage it correctly and wisely!
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TIME AND CALENDAR
The sun always illuminates only half of the globe. As the Earth rotates on its axis, noon occurs in those places that lie to the west. The position of the Sun (or stars) in the sky is used to determine the local time for any point in the world.
In different places of the globe, located in different meridians, at the same moment the local time is different. When it is 12 noon in Moscow, it should be 12.30 in Saransk, in Omsk - 14.23, in Irkutsk - 16.37, in Vladivostok - 18.17, on Sakhalin - 20.00, in St. Petersburg - 11.31, in Warsaw - 10.54, in London - 9.27. 12.00 11.31 10.54 18.17 12.30 14.23 16.37 Local time at two points (T 1, T 2) differs exactly as much as their geographical longitude (λ 1, λ 2) differs in hourly measure: T 1 - T 2 \u003d λ 1 - λ 2 The longitude of Moscow is 37 ° 37´, St. Petersburg - 30 ° 19´, Saransk - 45 ° 10´. The earth rotates 15 ° in 1 hour, i.e. 1 ° in 4 min. T 1 -T 2 \u003d (37 ° 37´-30 ° 19´) * 4 \u003d 7 ° 18´ * 4 \u003d 29 min. T 1 -T 2 \u003d (45 ° 10´-37 ° 37´) * 4 \u003d 7 ° 33´ * 4 \u003d 30 min. Noon in St. Petersburg comes 29 minutes later than in Moscow, and in Saransk - 30 minutes earlier. 20,00
The local time of the initial (zero) meridian passing through the Greenwich Observatory is called Universal Time (UT). The local time of any point is equal to universal time at that moment plus the longitude of this point from the prime meridian, expressed in hourly measure. T 1 \u003d UT + λ 1. Greenwich. London
The error of a strontium atomic clock is less than a second in 300 million years. Using the Earth's rotation period as a reference does not provide a sufficiently accurate timing, since the rotation speed of our planet changes throughout the year (the length of the day does not remain constant) and its rotation slows down very slowly. At present, atomic clocks are used to determine the exact time.
Using the local time is inconvenient, since when moving to the west or east, you need to continuously move the watch hands. Currently, almost all the world's population uses standard time.
The belt counting system was proposed in 1884. The entire globe is divided into 24 time zones. The local time of the main meridian of this belt is called standard time. It keeps track of time throughout the territory belonging to this time zone. The standard time, which is accepted at a particular point, differs from the universal time by the number of hours equal to the number of its time zone. T \u003d UT + n
Time zone boundaries are approximately 7.5 ° from major meridians. These boundaries do not always pass exactly along the meridians, but are drawn along the administrative boundaries of regions or other regions so that the same time operates throughout their territory.
In our country, standard time was introduced on July 1, 1919. Since then, the boundaries of time zones have been revised and changed several times.
Time is a continuous series of phenomena replacing each other. At the end of the twentieth century. in Russia several times was introduced and then canceled the daylight saving time, which is 1 hour ahead of the standard time. Since April 2011, there is no daylight saving time in Russia. Daylight saving time has been returned to Russia since October 2014, and the difference between Moscow and Universal Time has become equal to 3 hours.
In ancient times, people determined the time by the Sun. Moscow popular print calendar, XVII century. Calendar is a system for counting long periods of time, according to which a certain length of months is established, their order in a year and the initial moment of counting years. Over 200 different calendars have existed throughout human history. Egyptian calendar based on the floods of the Nile Mayan calendar The word calendar comes from the Latin "calendarium", which means "record of loans", "debt book" in Latin. In ancient Rome, debtors paid debts or interest in the first days of the month, i.e. on the days of calendars (from the Latin "calendae").
At the first stage of the development of civilization, some peoples used lunar calendars, since the change in the phases of the moon is one of the most easily observed celestial phenomena. The Romans used the lunar calendar and the beginning of each month was determined by the appearance of the lunar crescent after the new moon. The lunar year lasts 354.4 days. However, a solar year has a duration of 365.25 days. To eliminate the discrepancy of more than 10 days in every second year between the 23rd and 24th days of Februarius, an additional month of Mercedonia was inserted, containing alternately 22 and 23 days. The oldest extant Roman calendar, Fasti Antiates. 84-55 BC Reproduction.
Over time, the lunar calendar ceased to meet the needs of the population, since agricultural work is tied to the change of seasons, that is, the movement of the Sun. Therefore, lunar calendars were replaced by lunisolar or solar calendars. Lunar-solar calendars
In the solar calendar, the duration of the tropical year is taken as a basis - the time interval between two successive passages of the center of the Sun through the vernal equinox. A tropical year is 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46.1 seconds.
In Ancient Egypt in the 5th millennium BC. a calendar was introduced, which consisted of 12 months of 30 days each and an additional 5 days at the end of the year. Such a calendar gave an annual lag of 0.25 days, or 1 year in 1460 years.
The Julian calendar - the immediate predecessor of the modern one - was developed in Ancient Rome on behalf of Julius Caesar in 45 BC. In the Julian calendar, every four consecutive years consists of three 365 days and one leap year of 366 days. The Julian year is 11 minutes 14 seconds longer than the tropical year, which gives an error of 1 day in 128 years, or 3 days in about 400 years.
The Julian calendar was adopted as Christian in 325 AD, and by the second half of the 16th century. the discrepancy has already reached 10 days. To correct the discrepancy, Pope Gregory XIII introduced a new style in 1582, a calendar named after him as Gregorian.
It was decided to throw out 3 days from the account every 400 years by reducing leap years. Leap years were considered only years of centuries, in which the number of centuries is divisible by 4 without a remainder: 16 00 and 20 00 - leap years, and 17 00, 18 00 and 19 00 - simple.
In Russia, the new style was introduced on February 1, 1918. By this time, a difference of 13 days had accumulated between the new and the old style. This difference will continue until 2100.
Years are numbered in both the new and the old style from the year of the Nativity of Christ, the onset of a new era. In Russia, a new era was introduced by the decree of Peter I, according to which after December 31, 7208 "from the creation of the world" came January 1, 1700 from the birth of Christ.
Questions 1. What explains the introduction of the belt system of time counting? 2. Why is the atomic second used as a unit of time? 3. What are the difficulties of making an accurate calendar? 4. What is the difference between the old and new style of counting leap years?
Homework 1) § 9. 2) Exercise 8 (p. 47): 1. How much does the time on your watch differ from universal time? 2. Determine the geographic longitude of your school from the map. Calculate the local time for this longitude. How much does it differ from the time in which you live? 3. Date of birth of Isaac Newton in the new style - January 4, 1643 What is the date of his birth in the old style? ...