Geography presentation on the chemical industry. The chemical and petrochemical industry is a progressive, rapidly developing industry. Together they make up the chemical complex of Russia. Chemical. Characteristics of the chemical base of Russia

Presentation

to the geography lesson in grade 9

Performed by the geography teacher MBOU Kerch RK SS

No. 1 named after V. Dubinina

Zayarnaya Lyudmila Ivanovna

Grade 9

The value and characteristics of the chemical industry.
Raw materials for the chemical industry.
Sectoral composition of the chemical industry.
Characteristics of the largest branches of the chemical industry.
The main bases of the chemical industry.
Anchoring. Practical work.

Chemical industry is one of the central branches of the modern world economy. The main task of the chemical industry is processing and transformation different types raw materials such as oil, natural gas, coal, ores, minerals, other minerals, as well as water, air into a variety of products.

Chemicalization of the national economy - one of the decisive levers to improve production efficiency and quality of work in all areas of human activity.

Chemical industry different from most other industries

a number of features:

opportunity create new materials that do not exist in nature with certain properties what is in demand in space technology and construction, pharmaceutical, food and light industries;

has an extensive raw material base (one product can be obtained from different

types of raw materials);

enables complex processing of raw materials and obtaining a variety of

different products (different products can be obtained from one type of raw material).

The raw materials for the chemical industry are minerals

(coal and brown coal, oil, rock and potash salts, phosphorites, chalk,

limestones, sulfur and some others). Also in the chemical industry

waste from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, food and timber processing is used

melting industry.

Limestone

Lignite and hard coal

phosphorites

Chemical industry

basic chemistry

organic synthesis chemistry

mining chemical

production of alcohols, organic acids

extraction of mining and chemical raw materials

production of acids, salts, alkalis

production of mineral fertilizers

production of synthetic and artificial fibers

production of plastics, synthetic resins, synthetic rubber

production

chlorine, ammonia, soda ash and caustic soda

Fine chemistry: pharmaceuticals (production of pharmaceuticals and preparations); photochemistry (production of various photographic materials); household chemicals, perfumes

Sulfuric acid production

Sulfuric acid is used:

in the production of mineral fertilizers;
as an electrolyte in lead-acid batteries;

for obtaining various mineral acids and salts;
in the production of chemical fibers, dyes, smoke-forming substances and explosives;
in the oil, metalworking, textile, leather and other industries.

The largest consumer of sulfuric acid is the production of mineral fertilizers.

For 1 ton of phosphorus fertilizers 2.2-3.4 tons of sulfuric acid are consumed, and for 1 ton of nitrogen fertilizers - 0.75 tons of sulfuric acid. Therefore, they tend to build sulfuric acid plants in conjunction with plants for the production of mineral fertilizers.

Production of mineral fertilizers

phosphate fertilizers

nitrogen fertilizers

potash fertilizers

affect the size and durability of the crop, the efficiency of using nitrogen fertilizers

affect the growth rate, the size of the crop,

affect the root system, crop durability,

Production is located near gas pipelines, at metallurgical plants.

Novomoskovsk, Dorogobuzh

Shchekino, Togliatti

Novgorod, Lipetsk

Magnitogorsk,

Cherepovets Nizhny Tagil

Production locate

at the consumer and sulfuric acid plants.

Voskresensk

Produced in areas where raw materials are mined

Solikamsk

Berezniki

Analyze the diagram and make a conclusion about consumption different types fertilizers.

Analyze the diagram and make a conclusion about the production of different types of fertilizers in Russia.

The production of synthetic rubber was initially tied to raw materials (alcohol obtained from food raw materials - potatoes, grain) and to the consumer (the automotive industry).

Now all factories are working on oil and gas raw materials.

Centers: Yaroslavl, Kazan, Voronezh, Efremov, Krasnoyarsk.

Problem!

Manufacture of car tires

Structure of Russian production

tires in 2005

Centers:

Nizhnekamsk,

Kirov,

Yaroslavl,

Voronezh,

Omsk.

Plastics and synthetic resin production

Plastics and synthetic resins are produced at factories that are part of petrochemical plants or nitrogen fertilizer plants.

Centers: Ufa, Tyumen, Kazan, Orekhovo-Zuevo

viscose

acetate

lavsan, nylon, nylon, spandex

artificial fibers are obtained by chemical modification of natural materials (cotton, wool)

for the production of synthetic fibers, only synthetic materials are used - polymers

The production of chemical fibers is characterized by high water- and energy intensity .

For the production of 1 ton of fibers,

6000 m3 of water and 16-19 tons of standard fuel.

Placement factors: the main centers of the industry tend either to areas textile industry (Central region), or to areas of developed petrochemistry (Volga region).

Major centers:

Tver

Wedge

Saratov

Household chemicals

Pharmaceuticals

Perfumery

Photochemistry

North European base

The North European base includes huge reserves of Khibiny apatite, plant (forest), water and fuel and energy resources (oil, gas, coal). The main chemistry is based on the apatite raw materials of the Kola Peninsula - the production of phosphorus fertilizers. In the future, organic chemistry will develop due to the processing of local oil and gas resources of the Northern Economic Region.

Central base - resource scarce.

It was formed with a focus on huge consumer demand. Almost all chemical industry uses imported resources.

From local raw materials (phosphorites - Egorovskoye deposit), only phosphorus fertilizers are produced here (Voskresensk).

Here they produce:

chemical fibers (artificial - Ryazan, Tver, St. Petersburg, Shuya; syntheti-

cheskie - Kursk; and. and c. - Wedge, Serpukhov),

rubber and tires (Yaroslavl, St. Petersburg);
plastics (St. Petersburg, Dzerzhinsk);
complex fertilizers (Novomoskovsk, Voskresensk),
nitrogen fertilizers (Shchekino, Lipetsk, Novomoskovsk, Novgorod, Dzerzhinsk),
phosphate fertilizers (St. Petersburg, Volkhov);
paints and varnishes and synthetic dyes (St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl,

The central base provides 45% of the products of the chemical industry.

Volga-Ural base is formed on huge reserves of potash (Solikamsk, Berezniki), table salts of the Urals and the Volga region (Baskunchak Island, Elton), sulfur (Orenburg), oil, gas, non-ferrous metal ores, hydropower (Volga-Kama cascade of hydroelectric power stations) and forest resources.

That is why the complex formed here is the largest in Russia in terms of its scale and diversity.

Its main elements are giant chemical complexes - Solekamsko-Bereznikovsky, Ufa-Salavatsky, Samara, which provide mineral fertilizers, soda, rubber, and plastics.

The share of chemical products of the Volga-Ural base is over 40%.

Serious obstacle in the way further development bases - an environmental factor.

Siberian base belongs to the category of the most promising.

In terms of reserves and a variety of resources, it surpasses even the Ural base: oil and gas from Western Siberia, Glauber's, table salts (Usolye-Sibirskoye, Burla), coal from Eastern and Western Siberia, hydropower and forest resources, as well as reserves of nonferrous and ferrous metal ores.

Petrochemistry is developing especially intensively (Tobolsk and Tomsk complexes, Omsk, Angarsk). Coal chemical production facilities were formed earlier (Kemerovo, Cheremkhovo - plastics, synthetic resins, chemical fibers). The most diverse products (cellulose, paper, fodder yeast, artificial fibers) are produced by the country's largest timber industry complex - Krasnoyarsk, Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk. The production of tires and rubber products from rubber obtained by hydrolysis of wood and oil products (Omsk, Krasnoyarsk) also developed.

1. Distribute the chemical industries into groups:

Chemical industry

mining chemical

basic chemistry

organic synthesis chemistry

fine chemistry

2. Distribute the same industries by groups of placement factors:

chemical industry

Area gravitation:

consumption

extraction of raw materials

Task number 2.

Task number 1.

Factors of the location of the most important industries

chemical industry

Chemical industry

Area gravitation:

consumption

mining chemical

extraction and production of raw materials

basic chemistry

sulfuric acid production

mining of potash salts

organic synthesis chemistry

mining of potash salts

provided with raw materials, water resources and cheap electricity

sulfuric acid production

production of nitrogen fertilizers

fine chemistry

production of chemical fibers

household chemicals

plastics industry

photochemistry

production of potash fertilizers

manufacture of plastic products

household chemicals

production of synthetic rubber

manufacture of car tires

pharmaceuticals

plastics industry

photochemistry

production of synthetic rubber

Characteristics of the chemical base of Russia.

You met on the previous slides with a description of the chemical bases in Russia.

Working in groups.

Define:

What raw materials does this base have?
What industries are represented here?
Large centers of the chemical industry.
What problems does the base have?

Draw up a diagram of intersectoral relations of the chemical industry.

THANKS!!!

Slide 2

Lesson plan The value and characteristics of the chemical industry. Raw materials for the chemical industry. Sectoral composition of the chemical industry. Characteristics of the largest branches of the chemical industry. The main bases of the chemical industry. Anchoring. Practical work.

Slide 3

The chemical industry is one of the central branches of the modern world economy. The main task of the chemical industry is the processing and transformation of various types of raw materials, such as oil, natural gas, coal, ores, minerals, other minerals, as well as water, air into various products. Chemicalization of the national economy is one of the decisive levers for increasing production efficiency and quality of work in all areas of human activity. Importance of the chemical industry

Slide 4

The chemical industry differs from most other industries in a number of features: the ability to create new materials that do not exist in nature with certain properties, which is in demand in space technology and construction, pharmaceutical, food and light industries; Features of the chemical industry has an extensive raw material base (one product can be obtained from different types of raw materials); makes it possible to comprehensively process raw materials and obtain a variety of products (different products can be obtained from one type of raw material).

Slide 5

The raw materials for the chemical industry are minerals (coal and brown coal, oil, rock and potassium salts, phosphorites, chalk, limestone, sulfur and some others). In addition, the chemical industry uses waste from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, food and timber processing industries. Raw materials for the chemical industry Sulfur Chalk Brown and bituminous coal Limestone Apatite phosphorites

Slide 6

Sectoral composition of the chemical industry Chemical industry mining and chemical basic chemistry organic synthesis chemistry mining and chemical raw materials production of acids, salts, alkalis production of alcohols, organic acids production of mineral fertilizers production of plastics, synthetic resins, synthetic rubber production of synthetic and artificial fibers production of chlorine, ammonia , soda ash and caustic soda Fine chemicals: pharmaceuticals (production of drugs and preparations); photochemistry (production of various photographic materials); household chemicals, perfumes

Slide 7

Basic chemistry Production of sulfuric acid for the production of various mineral acids and salts; in the production of chemical fibers, dyes, smoke-forming substances and explosives; in the oil, metalworking, textile, leather and other industries. For 1 ton of phosphoric fertilizers 2.2-3.4 tons of sulfuric acid are consumed, and for 1 ton of nitrogen fertilizers - 0.75 tons of sulfuric acid. Therefore, they tend to build sulfuric acid plants in conjunction with plants for the production of mineral fertilizers. Sulfuric acid is used: in the production of mineral fertilizers; as an electrolyte in lead-acid batteries; The largest consumer of sulfuric acid is the production of mineral fertilizers.

Slide 8

Basic chemistry Production of mineral fertilizers potash fertilizers nitrogen fertilizers phosphate fertilizers affect the size and durability of the crop, the efficiency of using nitrogen fertilizers Produced in the areas where raw materials are mined Solikamsk Berezniki affect the growth rate, the size of the crop, Production is located near gas pipelines, at metallurgical plants Novomoskovsk, Dorogobuzh Shchekino, Togliatti Novgorod, Lipetsk, Magnitogorsk, CherepovetsNizhny Tagil affect the root system, the firmness of the crop, Production is placed at the consumer and sulfuric acid plants. Voskresensk

Slide 9

Analyze the diagram and make a conclusion about the production of different types of fertilizers in Russia. Basic Chemistry Analyze the diagram and make a conclusion about the consumption of different types of fertilizers. million tons

Slide 10

Chemistry of organic synthesis Production of synthetic rubber The production of synthetic rubber was initially tied to raw materials (alcohol obtained from food raw materials - potatoes, grain) and to the consumer (the automotive industry). Now all factories are working on oil and gas raw materials. Centers: Yaroslavl, Kazan, Voronezh, Efremov, Krasnoyarsk. Centers: Nizhnekamsk, Kirov, Yaroslavl, Voronezh, Omsk. Structure of Russian tire production in 2005 Production of car tires Problem!

Slide 11

Chemistry of organic synthesis Production of plastics and synthetic resins Plastics and synthetic resins are produced at factories that are part of petrochemical plants or nitrogen fertilizer plants. Centers: Ufa, Tyumen, Kazan, Orekhovo-Zuevo

Slide 12

Chemistry of organic synthesis Production of chemical fibers Artificial fibers are obtained by chemical modification of natural materials (cotton, wool) for the production of synthetic fibers, only synthetic materials are used - viscose acetate polymers lavsan, nylon, nylon, spandex

Slide 13

Chemistry of organic synthesis Production of chemical fibers Production of chemical fibers is characterized by high water and energy consumption. For the production of 1 ton of fibers, 6000 m3 of water and 16-19 tons of standard fuel are required. Location factors: the main centers of the industry gravitate either to the regions of the textile industry (Central Region), or to regions of developed petrochemistry (the Volga region). Major centers: Tver Klin Saratov

Slide 14

Fine chemicals Household chemicals Perfumery Pharmaceuticals Photochemistry

Slide 15

The main bases of the chemical industry North European base The North European base includes huge reserves of Khibiny apatites, plant (forest), water and fuel and energy resources (oil, gas, coal). The basic chemistry - the production of phosphorus fertilizers - is based on the apatite raw materials of the Kola Peninsula. In the future, organic chemistry will be developed due to the processing of local oil and gas resources of the Northern Economic Region.

Slide 16

The central base is resource-deficient. It was formed with a focus on huge consumer demand. Almost the entire chemical industry uses imported resources. From local raw materials (phosphorites - Egorovskoye deposit), only phosphorus fertilizers are produced here (Voskresensk). Here they produce: chemical fibers (artificial - Ryazan, Tver, St. Petersburg, Shuya; synthetic - Kursk; I. and S. - Klin, Serpukhov), rubber and tires (Yaroslavl, St. Petersburg); plastics (St. Petersburg, Dzerzhinsk); complex fertilizers (Novomoskovsk, Voskresensk), nitrogen fertilizers (Shchekino, Lipetsk, Novomoskovsk, Novgorod, Dzerzhinsk), phosphate fertilizers (St. Petersburg, Volkhov); paints and varnishes and synthetic dyes (St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl, Moscow). The central base provides 45% of the chemical industry products. The main bases of the chemical industry

Slide 17

Environmental factor is a serious obstacle to further development of the base. The Volga-Ural base is formed on the huge reserves of potash (Solikamsk, Berezniki), table salts of the Urals and the Volga region (Baskunchak Island, Elton), sulfur (Orenburg), oil, gas, non-ferrous metal ores, hydropower (Volzhsko-Kamsky cascade of hydroelectric power plants) and forest resources. That is why the complex formed here is the largest in Russia in terms of its scale and diversity. Its main elements are giant chemical complexes - Solekamsko-Bereznikovsky, Ufa-Salavatsky, Samara, which provide mineral fertilizers, soda, rubber, and plastics. The share of chemical products of the Volga-Ural base is over 40%. The main bases of the chemical industry

Slide 18

The Siberian base is one of the most promising. In terms of reserves and a variety of resources, it surpasses even the Ural base: oil and gas from Western Siberia, Glauber's, table salts (Usolye-Sibirskoye, Burla), coal from Eastern and Western Siberia, hydropower and forest resources, as well as reserves of non-ferrous and ferrous metal ores. Petrochemistry is developing especially intensively (Tobolsk and Tomsk complexes, Omsk, Angarsk). Coal chemical production facilities were formed earlier (Kemerovo, Cheremkhovo - plastics, synthetic resins, chemical fibers). The most diverse products (cellulose, paper, fodder yeast, artificial fibers) are produced by the country's largest timber industry complex - Krasnoyarsk, Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk. The production of tires and rubber products from rubber obtained by hydrolysis of wood and oil products (Omsk, Krasnoyarsk) also developed. The main bases of the chemical industry

Slide 19

Consolidation 1. Distribute the branches of the chemical industry into groups: mining of potassium salts production of sulfuric acid production of chemical fibers photochemistry production of plastics production of potash fertilizers production of car tires production of nitrogen fertilizers production of plastics production of synthetic rubber household chemicals pharmaceuticals 2. Distribute the same industries by groups of factors accommodation:

Slide 20

Test yourself Task number 1. Task number 2.

Slide 21

Practical work You met on the previous slides with a description of the chemical bases in Russia. Working in groups. Determine: What raw materials does this base have? What industries are represented here? Large centers of the chemical industry. What problems does the base have? Characteristics of the chemical base of Russia.

Slide 22

View all slides

The chemical and petrochemical industry is a progressive, rapidly developing industry. Together they make up the chemical complex of Russia. The chemical complex includes two enlarged types economic activity: chemical production and production of rubber and plastic products.

Mineral raw materials (sulfur, phosphorites, salts); mineral fuel (oil, gas, coal); vegetable raw materials (waste from the forest industry); water and air; industrial waste from metallurgy and oil refining enterprises (coke oven and sulphurous gases); agricultural waste.

Turn an unlimited range of raw materials into valuable industrial products; to involve new types of raw materials into circulation as technological progress (natural gases for the purpose of obtaining ammonia; associated petroleum gases for the production of synthetic rubber); replace expensive raw materials (food products) with cheap ones (wood or mineral); complex use of raw materials (from oil to obtain fuel oil, motor fuel); dispose of industrial waste (sulfurous gases - sulfuric acid production, coke oven gases - ammonia production); produce the same products from different types of raw materials (synthetic rubber from wood, coal and gas).

Mining and chemical (extraction of mineral raw materials: apatite, phosphorite, sulfur). Basic chemistry (obtaining acids, alkalis, salts, mineral fertilizers). Chemistry of organic synthesis (production of hydrocarbon raw materials and semi-finished products for obtaining polymeric materials). Polymer chemistry (production of resins, plastics, synthetic rubber and chemical fibers). Microbiological industry. Chemical and pharmaceutical industry.

The main chemistry is the production of nitrogen and potash fertilizers, sulfuric acid, and soda. Russia occupies one of the first places in the world in terms of reserves of potash salts. Ammonia serves as the basis for the production of nitrogen fertilizers. Nitrate and carbamide are produced from ammonia. All ammonia is produced from natural gas (cheap raw materials), therefore, nitrogen fertilizer enterprises are located in areas where gas resources are distributed (North Caucasus) and along highways main gas pipelines (Center, Volga region, North-West). The enterprises operating on coke are located either in coal basins (Berezniki, Kemerovo), or at a distance from them (Dzerzhinsk, Moscow), since coke can be transported over considerable distances. If the raw material is coke oven gas, then nitrogen production gravitates towards coal coking centers or is combined with ferrous metallurgy, where hydrogen is obtained as a waste of coke oven gases (Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Nizhny Tagil).

Soda is the technical name for sodium carbonates. Bicarbonate is baking soda. The normal carbonate is calcined sulfur. Caustic soda is sodium hydroxide. The main raw materials are table salt and lime. There are reserves of natural soda in the Altai Territory - the Mikhailovskoye deposit. Caustic soda is used in soap, glass, pulp and paper, and textile industries. In medicine and food industry - baking soda. Centers: - Berezniki, Usolye-Sibirskoe (Irkutsk region).

It is the main petrochemical industry (resins, plastics, synthetic rubber, chemical fibers). Plastics production - from synthetic resins, from coal, associated petroleum gases, oil refining hydrocarbons, partly from wood raw materials. This industry emerged in the early 1920s in the Central District: Moscow, Vladimir, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Novomoskovsk (Tula Region) and gradually expanded to other districts, districts provided with raw materials: St. Petersburg, Dzerzhinsk, Kazan, Tyumen, Yekaterinburg , Ufa, etc.

The microbiological industry is a new industry that acquired an independent significance in the 60s. Her current role in industrial production country has grown significantly due to the need to intensify agriculture... The microbiological industry is a branch of industry in which production processes are based on the microbiological synthesis of valuable products from various types of non-food raw materials (oil and gas hydrocarbons, wood hydrolysates), as well as waste from industrial processing of sugar beets, corn, oilseeds and cereals, etc. The microbiological industry is used to obtain biologically valuable compound feed. (Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, St. Petersburg, Ufa, etc.).

The North European base is the most underdeveloped (only 2% of the industry's production) due to the region's raw materials orientation. Only the mining and chemical industry, extraction of apatite (Apatity), petrochemistry (Ukhta), and the production of nitrogen fertilizers (Cherepovets), were developed. The central base is scarce resources. It produces chemical fibers (Ryazan, Tver, St. Petersburg), rubber and tires (Yaroslavl), plastics (St. Petersburg, Nizhny Tagil and Dzerzhinsk), various fertilizers (Novomoskovsk, Voskresensk, Lipetsk, Dzerzhinsk), paints and varnishes and synthetic dyes (St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl, Moscow). The Volga-Ural base is the most balanced in terms of the variety and proportions of raw material reserves, the combination and capacity of the industries that have arisen on their basis. There are huge reserves of potash (Solekamsk, Berezniki), sodium chloride (Baskunchak Island, Elton), sulfur (Orenburg). The Siberian base is one of the most promising. In terms of reserves and a variety of resources, it surpasses even the Ural base: oil and gas, Glauber's, table salts (Usolye-Sibirskoye, Burla). Petrochemistry is developing especially intensively (Tobolsk and Tomsk complexes, Omsk, Angarsk). Coal chemical industries were formed earlier (Kemerovo - plastics, synthetic resins, chemical fibers).

The chemical complex is a strategic component of the industry in Russia, it is of great general economic and defense importance for the development of the country's economy. The following enterprises have a significant impact on the functioning of the chemical complex: (Gazprom, Sibur Holding, Lukoil-Neftekhim, Tatneft, Phosagro, Eurochem, Akron, Amtel, etc.), which produce a significant part of the gross domestic product.

The main reasons and factors for the emergence of this systemic problem include: structural transformations of the world and russian markets; technological backwardness and high wear and tear of fixed assets, the maximum level of capacity utilization of the most important types of chemical and petrochemical products; low innovative activity of chemical enterprises; bottlenecks and insufficient efficiency of the investment process; deficiencies in legal regulation .; infrastructural and resource constraints; staff deficit; ecological situation.

Chemical and petrochemical industry development strategy Russian Federation for the period up to 2015: technical re-equipment and modernization of existing and creation of new economically efficient and environmentally friendly industries; development of export potential and internal market for chemical products; organizational and structural development of the chemical complex in the direction of increasing output high-tech products; increasing the efficiency and innovative activity of chemical enterprises; development of resource and raw materials and fuel and energy supply of the chemical complex; development of transport and logistics infrastructure.

Slide 1

Chemical industry

Slide 2

Introduction

The chemical industry is a heavy industry. It expands the raw material base of industry, construction, is necessary condition intensification of agriculture (production of mineral fertilizers), meets the demand of the population for products popular consumption... The structure of the chemical industry is constantly growing in complexity and improvement.

Slide 3

Raw materials for the chemical industry

The chemical industry consumes many types of raw materials: mineral raw materials (sulfur, phosphorites, salts) mineral fuels (oil, gas, coal) vegetable raw materials (forest industry waste) water and air industrial waste from metallurgy and oil refining enterprises (coke and sulphurous gases) agricultural waste

Slide 4

Modern technologies

Modern chemical technologies make it possible to: Transform an unlimited range of raw materials into valuable industrial products; Engage new types of raw materials (natural gases for the production of ammonia; associated petroleum gases for the production of synthetic rubber) into circulation with technological progress; Replace expensive raw materials (food) with cheap ones (wood or mineral) Comprehensive use of raw materials (from oil to obtain fuel oil, motor fuel) Dispose of industrial waste (sulfurous gases - to obtain sulfuric acid, coke oven gases - to obtain ammonia) Produce the same products from different types of raw materials (synthetic rubber from wood, coal, etc. gas) and, conversely, to obtain different chemical products from the same raw material (coal is used for the production of ammonia, synthetic fibers.

Slide 5

Branches of the chemical industry

The chemical industry consists of the following industries: 1) Polymer chemistry (production of resins, plastics, synthetic rubber and chemical fibers). 2) Processing of polymeric materials (production of tires, rubber, plastic film). 3) Mining and chemical (extraction of mineral raw materials: apatite, phosphorite, sulfur). 4) Production of synthetic dyes and chemical substances... 5) Chemistry of organic synthesis (production of hydrocarbon raw materials and semi-finished products for the production of polymer materials). 6) Basic chemistry (obtaining acids, alkalis, salts, mineral fertilizers).

Slide 6

Basic chemistry

The main chemistry is the production of nitrogen and potash fertilizers, sulfuric acid, and soda. Russia takes one of the first places in the world in terms of reserves of potash salts. Ammonia serves as the basis for the production of nitrogen fertilizers. Nitrate and carbamide are produced from ammonia. All ammonia is produced from natural gas (a cheap raw material), therefore, nitrogen fertilizer enterprises are located in areas where gas resources are distributed (North Caucasus) and along the routes of gas pipelines (Center, Volga region, North-West). The enterprises operating on coke are located either in coal basins (Beryazniki, Kemerovo), or at a distance from them (Derzhinsk, Moscow), since coke can be transported over considerable distances. If the raw material is coke oven gas, then nitrogen production gravitates towards coal coking centers or is combined with ferrous metallurgy, where hydrogen is obtained as a waste of coke oven gases (Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Nizhny Tagil).

Slide 7

Polymer chemistry

Slide 8

Sulfuric acid industry.

Sulfur pyrite (pyrite) is used - Ural, native sulfur - Alekseevskoe deposit ( Samara Region). Individual gas condensate fields are becoming an important source of sulfur.

Slide 9

Phosphate fertilizer industry

The phosphate-fertilizer industry focuses mainly on the consumer and sulfuric acid, to a lesser extent - on the sources of raw materials. The main reserves of phosphate raw materials are found in the European part. Almost all phosphate fertilizers in Russia are produced from appatite concentrate. The Voskresensk chemical plant operates at the Egorovskoye field. Industrial reserves of phosphorites are available in the Bryansk region - Poltenskoye; in the Kirov region - Verkhnekamskoe; in the Kursk region - Shelrovskoe, - but this raw material is suitable only for the production of phosphate rock. For the production of phosphate fertilizers, a large amount of sulfuric acid is required, which is produced from imported or local raw materials. Phosphate fertilizers are produced by some centers of ferrous metallurgy (Cherepovets) and non-ferrous metallurgy (Krasnouralsk, Revda, Vladikavkaz), where industrial waste, for example, sulfurous gases, is the raw material for sulfuric acid.

Slide 10

Soda industry.

Slide 11

Microbiological industry

The microbiological industry is a new industry that acquired an independent significance in the 60s. At present, its role in the industrial production of the country has significantly increased in connection with the need to intensify agriculture. Enterprises using hydrogen raw materials are oriented towards oil refining centers. Enterprises focused on hydrocarbon raw materials are located, respectively, in the Volga region, Volgo-Vyatka region (Nizhny Novgorod).

Slide 12

Enterprises

Dzerzhinskoe Plexiglas is one of the largest firms in the research, production and sale of a wide range of acrylic-based products. Caprolactam - organochlorine production based on imported salt and ethylene: chlorine and caustic soda production; production of organochlorine synthesis products: dichloroethane, vinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride, chloroethyl, monochloramine; production related to the processing of polyvinyl chloride (cable compounds, films, profiles, linoleum, etc.) Corundum - consists of several production and technical complexes, including the production of: sulfur dioxide and ammonium sulfate; PVC pipes; phosphoric salts; synthetic corundum; experimental chemical products; paint and varnish products. "Sibur-neftekhim" - products: petroleum benzene, diethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, propylene, ethylene, ethylene glycol "Sintez" is the only production of ethyl liquid in the Russian Federation; products: technical acetone, carbonyl iron, iron pentacarbonyl, lithium peroxide, mercury, isopropyl alcohol, phenol.

Slide 13

The chemical industry plays an important role in the development of the country. She creates new materials that are not found in nature. The chemical industry has an unlimited resource base: oil, gas, timber, water, air and others. Chemical technologies are very diverse. But do not forget about ecology, because the chemical industry is a strong environmental pollutant.

Slide 14

Thank you for attention!

Chemical industry in Russia.

Prepared by the teacher of geography MAOU Lyceum No. 2, Balakovo, Saratov region

Describe the chemical industry in Russia. To form an idea of \u200b\u200bthe sectoral composition of the chemical industry and its location throughout the country.

Chemical - forestry complex

Chemical Forest

industry industry

Chemisation - widespread use of technologies and chemical materials in all economic sectors.

Working independently with the text of the textbook p. 58, identify three features of the chemical industry .

Right answers:

1. The chemical industry creates new materials with specified properties that save raw materials and human labor.

2. The chemical industry has an extensive source of raw materials (semi-finished products, water, air, wood). One product can be obtained from different types of raw materials.

3. The chemical industry makes it possible to comprehensively process raw materials and obtain a variety of products.

Work with the text of the textbook p. 60, table 9, the material of the textbook p. 61-62, the map of the atlas "Chemical Industry". We work in groups. The results are entered into the table.

Fill the table.

Industry

Products

1.Mining chemical

Placement factors

2.Basic chemistry

Centers

3.Chemistry of organic synthesis

4.Chemistry of polymeric materials

5.Processing high

Correct answer:

Industry

Products

1.Mining chemical

2.Basic chemistry

Placement factors

Centers

phosphorites

3.Chemistry of organic synthesis

potash fertilizers

organic acids

phosphate fertilizers

potassium salt

consumer and sulfuric acid plants

Egorievsk

Solikamsk, Bereznyaki

Efremov, Yaroslavl, Togliatti, Kazan, Voronezh

oil pipelines

Solikamsk

G. Voskresensk

at gas pipelines at metallurgical plants

Kirov, Nizhnekamsk, Voronezh, Omsk

nitrogen fertilizers

at the consumer

water-intensive, energy-intensive

Ufa, Tyumen, Kazan, Orekhovo-Zuevo

Tver, Klin, Saratov

Novomoskovsk, Shchekino, Togliatti, Novgorod, Magnitogorsk

sulphuric acid

Volzhsky

Industry

Products

4.Chemistry of polymeric materials

synthetic resin

5.Processing high-tech industries

Placement factors

plastics

plastic products

Centers

raw, water,

synthetic rubber

consumer

energetic

Novokuibyshevsk

dyes

synthetic fibers

Tolyatti

varnishes, paints

energetic

Volgograd

household chemicals

labor resources

medicines

Yaroslavl

Balakovo

Budenovsk

Saratov Balakovo

Krasnoyarsk

Gravitation towards areas provided with raw materials, water resources and cheap electricity

Ecological

Plastics industry
Polymers
Synthetic fibers

Gravitation towards areas of raw material extraction

Potash fertilizer production

Gravitation to areas of consumption of products

H2SO4 production
Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers
Plastic products

Location factors for chemical plants

1.North European
2.Central
3.Ural-Povolzhskaya
4.Siberian

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Balakovo - centrolite

Tasks to fix the topic:

What chemical industry enterprises are located in our city?

Determine the factors of their location, manufactured products, to which groups of chemical industries do they belong?

What is the impact of these businesses on environment?

Game "Is it True"

1.In the era of scientific and technological revolution, are chemical products used in all sectors of the economy?

2.Does the chemical industry use mainly renewable natural resources?

3.What does the chemical industry create substances that do not exist in nature?

4. What is the chemical industry is the strongest environmental pollutant?

5. That the role of the chemical industry in the country's economy is constantly decreasing?

1. Paragraph 10
2. Task 2.4 p.64 in writing.

Geography presentation on the chemical industry. The chemical and petrochemical industry is a progressive, rapidly developing industry. Together they make up the chemical complex of Russia. Chemical. Characteristics of the chemical base of Russia

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