What are the powers of the heads of emergency response. Report: Development of a draft decision by the head of emergency response. The decisions of the leaders of emergency response, aimed at liquidating emergency situations, are mandatory for all citizens and organizations.
1. Management of all forces and means involved in the elimination of emergency situations, and the organization of their interaction is carried out by the leaders of the elimination of emergency situations.
2. The heads of emergency rescue services, emergency rescue teams, who arrived in the emergency zones first, assume the powers of the leaders of emergency response and exercise them until the arrival of the leaders of emergency response, determined by law Russian Federation, plans for the prevention and elimination of emergencies or those appointed by state authorities, local authorities, heads of organizations, whose powers include the elimination of these emergencies.
3. The decisions of heads of emergency response, aimed at emergency response, are mandatory for all citizens and organizations located in emergency zones, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
4. No one shall have the right to interfere with the activities of the heads of emergency response to manage emergency response operations, except by removing them from their duties in the prescribed manner and taking over the leadership or appointing another official.
5. Powers of the head of liquidation emergency are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies, management of organizations in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
6. In case of emergency, the heads of emergency response have the right to independently make decisions:
about carrying out evacuation measures;
about stopping the activities of organizations located in emergency zones;
on the emergency rescue operations at the facilities and territories of organizations located in emergency zones;
on restricting people's access to emergency zones;
on reserving reserves of material resources for liquidation of emergency situations of organizations located in emergency zones;
on the use in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation, communication facilities, vehicle and other property of organizations located in emergency zones;
on the involvement of emergency and public emergency rescue teams in emergency response operations, as well as rescuers who are not part of these groups, if they have documents confirming their certification for emergency rescue operations;
on the involvement of the population on a voluntary basis in the conduct of urgent work, as well as individual citizens who are not rescuers, with their consent, to conduct emergency rescue operations;
on the adoption of other necessary measures due to the development of emergency situations and the progress of work on their elimination.
The heads of emergency response are obliged to take all measures to immediately inform the relevant state authorities, local authorities, and the management of organizations about the decisions they have taken in case of emergency.
7. Heads of emergency response, heads of emergency rescue services, emergency rescue teams have the right to complete and reliable information about emergency situations necessary for organizing work on their liquidation.
8. In the event of the technological impossibility of carrying out the entire scope of emergency rescue operations, the heads of emergency response may decide to suspend the emergency operations in whole or in part, taking as a matter of priority all possible measures to rescue people in the emergency zones.
Baltic State Academy of Fishing Fleet
Department of "Protection in Emergency Situations"
Discipline:
Organization and conduct of emergency rescue operations
COURSE PROJECT
on the topic of:
Development of a draft decision by the head of emergency response
Option 10
Completed by: Vasilyuk E.V.
Training group: ZChS-5
Checked by: A.I. Reznichenko
Kaliningrad 2010
Introduction
3. Design of action
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Conclusion
List of sources used
Introduction
The number of natural and man-made emergencies does not decrease from year to year, and they continue to bring human casualties, great material damage and damage to the natural environment.
The level of organization of rescue and other urgent work in the elimination of emergencies and their consequences is largely determined by the precise work of the head of civil defense and emergencies of the facility, the chairman of the commission for emergency situations.
The procedure for organizing work, their types, volume, techniques and methods of carrying out depend on the situation after the accident, the degree of damage or destruction of buildings and structures, technological equipment and units, the nature of damage to utility networks and fires, features of the development of the site, the residential sector and other conditions.
Success in fulfilling the assigned tasks is achieved by continuous and firm management, making the optimal decision, maintaining stable interaction and comprehensive support for the actions of subunits (formations), and also depends on the level of preparedness and equipment of forces and reliability and the degree of modernization of the EMERCOM of Russia equipment intended for emergency rescue and urgent work.
1. Summary of the Situation Assessment
From the operational data it is known that at 22.05 on November 20, 2010 due to a violation of safety measures during the work at the technical site of the enterprise, an RDX explosion occurred. As a result of the explosion, the woodworking shop, the sawmill and the assembly shop were severely damaged. The estimated number of victims under the rubble is 140 people. Also, as a result of the destruction of buildings, blockages were formed on the roads on the territory of the enterprise. The resulting fires are extinguished by fire departments of the Federal Fire Service in the Kaliningrad Region.
It is necessary to search and rescue the victims from the rubble of the destroyed workshops of the enterprise.
Meteorological conditions on the day of emergency:
Cloudy, light rain
Temperature + 6 ° С,
Humidity 90%,
North-east wind 3 m / s.
The radiation, chemical and biological situation in the emergency zone is within normal limits.
To eliminate the emergency, it is necessary to attract the forces and means of the Kaliningrad region, intended for the work.
2. Calculation of forces and means for dismantling the blockage
When receiving information about the current situation in the emergency zone, it is necessary to calculate the required forces and means for dismantling the blockage and rescuing the victims.
From operational data, the number and characteristics of destroyed buildings and workshops is known.
Table 1
Characteristics of destroyed buildings
We will calculate the necessary forces and means for dismantling the resulting rubble. Since the number of people in the rubble is known, the volume of the rubble for extracting the victims can be determined by the formula:
where Vzav - the volume of the blockage, which must be disassembled to extract the victims, m3;
1.25 - coefficient taking into account the increase in the volume of the disassembled blockage;
Nzav - the number of people in the rubble, people;
hzav - the height of the dam, m.
The height of the blockage during operational forecasting can be determined by the formula:
where H is the height of the building, m;
g - the volume of the blockage per 100 m3 of the building volume:
for industrial buildings g \u003d 20 m3,
for residential buildings g \u003d 40 m3;
k is an indicator taken equal to:
for an explosion outside the building k \u003d 2,
for an explosion inside a building k \u003d 2.5.
Let's calculate the height of the formed blockage during destruction:
1) woodworking shops
2) sawmills
1) woodworking shops
2) sawmills
3) assembly shop
It is most expedient to dismantle the blockage by rescue mechanized groups in cooperation with the links of manual dismantling.
The number of rescue mechanized groups is determined by the formula:
where Psmg - the productivity of one mechanized group on dismantling the dam is taken equal to 15 m3 / h;
T is the total time spent on rescue operations, h;
Total manual disassembly of the rescue links will be:
where n is the number of shifts per day when performing rescue operations;
k is a coefficient that takes into account the ratio between mechanized groups and links of manual dismantling, depending on the structure of the dam.
table 2
Coefficient values \u200b\u200bk
Let us determine the number of rescue mechanized groups and links of manual dismantling, as well as the number of their personnel required to dismantle the blockage and rescue the victims from under the destroyed one:
4) woodworking shops
2) sawmills
3) assembly shop
human
It is advisable to disassemble the rubble of the woodworking workshop and the sawmill only manually, therefore, the required number of manual disassembly links is determined by the formula:
where Prz - capacity of one link of manual disassembly is taken equal to 1.2 m3 / h;
n is the number of shifts per day when performing rescue operations.
Let's determine the number of manual disassembly links and the number of their personnel:
1) woodworking shops
2) sawmills
To carry out work to rescue the victims, it is necessary to create 1 mechanized group, 9 manual disassembly units, as well as a reconnaissance unit, for which it is necessary to attract 89 people from among the emergency response forces in the Kaliningrad region and the remaining forces of the enterprise.
3. Design of action
To eliminate emergencies, a grouping of emergency response forces is introduced into the emergency zone - these are RSChS forces and means, brought together in a certain system and located in an appropriate manner, designed to perform tasks to protect the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies.
Involvement of forces and means of liquidation of emergency situations during the ASDNR should be carried out in two echelons with the involvement of a reserve. The forces and assets of the first echelon include forces and assets of constant readiness:
- duty shifts of the search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia
- duty shifts of the search and rescue service of the Municipal Institution "Department for Civil Defense and Emergencies of Kaliningrad";
Combat crews of fire brigades in Kaliningrad;
Emergency medical services on duty in Kaliningrad;
The forces of the second echelon include forces and assets readily up to 3 o'clock:
- formation of a search and rescue squad of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue squad of the EMERCOM of Russia;
- search and rescue service of the Municipal Institution "Department for Civil Defense and Emergency Situations of Kaliningrad".
The main task of the second echelon is to carry out rescue operations with the aim of finding and unblocking victims, providing assistance and evacuating them to safe areas, as well as preventing further destruction and losses caused by secondary damaging factors.
Building up the grouping of forces and rSChS funds in the emergency area to carry out as soon as they are ready.
In the emergency zone, have a part of the forces and means (formation) of the search and rescue squad of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue squad of the EMERCOM of Russia as a reserve intended for solving sudden problems.
Priority rescue actions in case of accidents and explosions are to determine the search, release and rescue of victims trapped in destroyed and damaged buildings and structures. The search for victims should be carried out by a continuous visual examination.
Immediately before dismantling the blockage, carry out the following measures:
1. arrange driveways and passages to the places of accidents, damaged and destroyed buildings, prepare sites for the operation of mechanization equipment;
2. to identify buildings and structures and their individual structures, which create a serious danger for the people remaining in these buildings and for the saviors themselves;
3. organize cordon off and restriction of access of unauthorized persons to the area of \u200b\u200bthe rescue operations.
Work on dismantling the rubble should be started simultaneously in all areas immediately after the elimination of fires, accidents on utility networks. When starting them, you must be very careful not to cause additional collapse and not complicate subsequent work. The commanders of the formations, being at the sites (objects) of work, determine the methods of removing the injured from the rubble (unblocking), the procedure for carrying out rescue operations, transporting the injured to medical centers. The work is carried out by calculations, which operate in three shifts, continuously replacing each other.
4. Tasks to subordinate units to carry out emergency rescue and other urgent work in the emergency zone
Appoint appropriate managers for direct supervision of rescue and other urgent work at each site or work site (in accordance with Appendices 1 and 2). They set specific tasks for the attached formations, organize meals, shift and rest of personnel. The leader reminds the commanders of the formations the basic techniques and methods of performing work, determines the measures for medical and logistical support, the timing of the beginning and end of work.
From the number of forces and means involved, create rescue mechanized groups and manual disassembly units (the composition of forces and means according to Appendices 1 and 2) and determine the work areas for them:
1) the rescue mechanized group to carry out work in the rubble of the destroyed assembly shop. Appoint the group commander as senior in this area of \u200b\u200bwork.
2) units No. 1-4 to carry out work in the rubble of the destroyed woodworking shop (the senior at the site is the commander of the 1st unit);
3) units No. 5-7 to carry out work in the rubble of the destroyed assembly shop (the senior at the site is the commander of the rescue mechanized group).
4) to units No. 8 and No. 9 to carry out work in the rubble of the destroyed sawmill (the senior at the site is the commander of the unit No. 9).
The commander of the rescue mechanized group and the commanders of the manual disassembly units at the work sites to solve the following tasks:
1. prepare sites and workplaces for the operation of mechanization equipment;
2. to unblock and rescue victims on the surface of the rubble;
3. to search for victims by continuous visual examination and dog training;
4. to unblock and rescue victims from the rubble, and evacuate them to safe places.
To successfully conduct ASDNR in the emergency zone, before the immediate start of search and rescue operations at the work sites, solve the following tasks:
Clear passages and entrances to work sites,
Prepare sites and workplaces for the operation of mechanization equipment,
Arrange lighting of workplaces.
When carrying out rescue operations, you should observe safety measures and remember that being among the destroyed damaged buildings and structures is associated with increased danger, which requires careful engineering reconnaissance and a comprehensive assessment of the situation before starting rescue operations.
Unstable structures of damaged buildings are reinforced or collapsed.
Various machines used for debris removal are usually placed on sites cleared of collapsed building structures.
When dismantling the blockage over the injured, it is necessary to strictly observe safety measures, preventing spontaneous movement of individual elements and precipitation of the entire mass of the blockage.
5. Interaction between the involved search and rescue teams
An important condition successful management of the activities carried out by the RSChS is the organization of interaction between superior, subordinate, interacting and other management bodies involved in the elimination of emergencies. Interaction is organized according to goals, tasks, place, time and methods of action, and consists in coordinating the actions of subordinate units at work sites.
The head of the emergency response, organizing interaction, must agree on:
· The procedure for moving to the object of work, actions when overcoming rubble, fire zones and other obstacles that may be encountered on the way to the accident site or in the emergency zone;
· The procedure for conducting search for victims and rescue operations, rendering assistance to victims;
· Organization of communication and the procedure for transferring information;
· Control signals, notifications and the order of actions on them.
Organize interaction in the emergency area:
o between senior work sites;
o in the work areas between the commanders of the rescue mechanized groups and the commanders of the manual disassembly units.
The interacting control bodies, solving joint tasks, must maintain continuous communication with each other and carry out mutual exchange of information and coordinate management issues.
6. Comprehensive support for the actions of formations
Comprehensive support for the actions of formations includes reconnaissance, medical, material and technical support. Comprehensive support during the ASDNR on the territory of the enterprise is organized by the head of the emergency response.
Reconnaissance is the most important type of support and is organized with the aim of obtaining timely information about the situation, which is necessary for making an informed decision and successfully carrying out emergency rescue and other urgent operations. The organization of reconnaissance shall be entrusted to the staff chief of the canine service of the search and rescue squad of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad Region, a branch of the North-West Regional Search and Rescue Unit of the EMERCOM of Russia.
The purpose of medical support is to provide timely assistance to injured rescuers and to preserve the health and performance of personnel participating in the ASDNR. It includes a complex of treatment and prophylactic, sanitary and hygienic and anti-epidemiological measures that are carried out at all stages of rescue operations. The organization of medical support shall be entrusted to the full-time doctor of the search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia. Establish a medical center in the work area.
Material support consists in the timely supply of formations and other divisions with equipment, property, consumables necessary for the production of work.
Material support solves the problems of staffing and equipping emergency responders with equipment and property, providing cars and equipment with fuel and lubricants, providing food, overalls and transport for delivery to and from work sites. The organization of material support should be entrusted to the full-time deputy head of the search and rescue team of the Russian Ministry of Emergencies in the Kaliningrad Region - a branch of the North-West Regional Search and Rescue Team of the Russian Ministry of Emergencies for material support.
The main purpose technical support is the maintenance of equipment in good condition and constant readiness for use in adverse conditions: dustiness, smoke and, as a rule, around the clock. The task of technical support will be entrusted to the full-time deputy head of the search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia for engineering and technical support.
If it is necessary to organize other types of support, send a corresponding application to the Main Directorate of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad Region.
Draft decision of the head of emergency response
1. Brief conclusions from the assessment of the situation.
At 22.05 on November 20, 2010 due to violation of safety measures during the execution of work on the technical site of the enterprise there was an explosion of RDX. As a result of the explosion, the woodworking shop, the sawmill and the assembly shop were severely damaged. The estimated number of victims under the rubble is 140 people. Also, as a result of the destruction of buildings, blockages were formed on the roads on the territory of the enterprise. Emerging fires are extinguished by fire departments of the Federal Fire Service in the Kaliningrad Region. The weather conditions for the ASDNR are favorable.
2. To carry out rescue operations in the emergency zone, create a group of forces and equipment arriving in two echelons with the allocation of a reserve:
1) the composition of the forces and means of the first echelon:
Duty shifts of the search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia
Duty shifts of the search and rescue service of the Municipal Department for Civil Defense and Emergencies of Kaliningrad;
The surviving forces and means of the enterprise.
2) the composition of the forces of the second echelon:
Formation of a search and rescue squad of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue squad of the EMERCOM of Russia;
Search and Rescue Service of the Municipal Institution "Office for Civil Defense and Emergencies of Kaliningrad".
3) reserve:
subdivisions of the search and rescue team of the Russian Emergencies Ministry in the Kaliningrad Region - a branch of the North-West Regional Search and Rescue Team of the Russian Emergencies Ministry.
Interacting forces: combat crews of fire brigades in Kaliningrad, ambulance brigades in Kaliningrad, security units public order Internal Affairs Directorate of the Kaliningrad region, emergency brigades of MUP Vodokanal, FSUE Kaliningradgasification, JSC Yantarenergo.
3. Tasks to define
1) the reconnaissance link to conduct reconnaissance of the emergency zone, determine the nature of the destruction, determine and mark the boundaries of the work zone.
2) the rescue mechanized group to carry out work on the analysis of large fractions of the rubble of the destroyed assembly shop. Appoint the group commander as senior in this area of \u200b\u200bwork.
3) to search, release and evacuate victims to safe areas:
Links # 1-4 to carry out work in the rubble of the destroyed woodworking shop (the senior at the site - the commander of the 1st link);
Links No. 5-7 to carry out work in the rubble of the destroyed assembly shop (the senior on the site is the commander of the rescue mechanized group).
Links # 8 and # 9 carry out work in the debris of the destroyed sawmill (the senior at the site is the commander of flight # 9).
Organize work in shifts:
to the rescue mechanized group - in 2 shifts;
links of manual disassembly - in 3 shifts.
4. Organize interaction:
Between senior work sites;
In the work areas between the commanders of the rescue mechanized groups and the commanders of the manual disassembly units.
5. The organization of reconnaissance shall be entrusted to the staff chief of the canine service of the search and rescue squad of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad Region, a branch of the North-West Regional Search and Rescue Unit of the EMERCOM of Russia.
The organization of medical support shall be entrusted to the full-time doctor of the search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia. Establish a medical center in the work area.
The organization of material support should be entrusted to the full-time deputy head of the search and rescue team of the Russian Ministry of Emergencies in the Kaliningrad Region - a branch of the North-West Regional Search and Rescue Team of the Russian Ministry of Emergencies for material support. The organization of technical support will be entrusted to the full-time deputy head of the search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - the engineering support branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia. If it is necessary to organize other types of support, send a corresponding application to the Main Directorate of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region
Conclusion
The emergency response manager plays a key role in solving the problem of eliminating the current emergency, as he makes the appropriate decision and organizes its implementation.
The decision to eliminate emergencies is the basis of management and reflects the order and methods of performing the tasks set by the work manager.
The decision must be comprehensively justified and correspond to the conditions of the current situation and the capabilities of the forces and means involved. Therefore, a competently made decision and skillful management of the course of its implementation will ensure the effective fulfillment of tasks to search and rescue victims in the rubble, restore the networks of communal and energy facilities, and also create the prerequisites for the early restoration of disrupted production at the enterprise.
1. the federal law dated 21.12.1994 No. 68 - FZ "On the protection of the population and territory from natural and man-made emergencies"
2. Federal law of 22.08.1995. No. 151 - FZ "On emergency services and the status of rescuers"
3. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 30.12.2003. No. 794 "On the Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergencies"
4. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 03.08.1996. No. 924 "On the forces and means of a single state system prevention and elimination of emergency situations "
5. Law of the Kaliningrad region of 19.12.1997. No. 46 "On the protection of the population and the territory of the Kaliningrad region from natural and man-made emergencies"
6. Guidance on the actions of the command and control bodies and forces of the RSChS in the event of a threat and emergencies, M. 1996
Appendix 1
To conduct ASDNR in the emergency zone, create 1 rescue mechanized group consisting of:
Forces:
Group commander (1 person) recruited from the search and rescue squad of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue squad of the EMERCOM of Russia;
Crane operators (2 people) involved from the remaining forces of the enterprise;
Slingers (4 people) attracted from the surviving forces of the enterprise;
Excavators (2 people), attracted from the remaining forces of the enterprise;
Compressors (2 people) involved from the search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia;
Gas welders (2 people) recruited from the search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia;
Bulldozer drivers (2 people) attracted from the remaining forces of the enterprise;
Drivers (4 people) attracted from the remaining forces of the enterprise;
Loaders (6 people) attracted from the surviving forces of the enterprise.
Facilities:
Truck crane (1 pc.) Attracted from the remaining funds of the enterprise;
Excavator (1 pc.) Attracted from the surviving funds of the enterprise;
Compressor station attracted from the search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia;
Kerosene cutter attracted from the search and rescue squad of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue squad of the EMERCOM of Russia;
Bulldozer (1 pc.) Attracted from the surviving funds of the enterprise;
Dump trucks (2 pcs.) Attracted from the surviving funds of the enterprise.
The mechanized group to carry out work in the rubble of the destroyed assembly shop. Appoint the group commander as senior in this area of \u200b\u200bwork.
Appendix 2
To carry out the RPS in the emergency zone, create 9 manual disassembly links (according to Table 1).
Table 1
Composition and equipment of manual disassembly links
Link | Composition | Qty | Affiliation | Facilities |
Wing Commander | GASI "SPRUT" - 1 set, electric saws - 1 pc., Cutting machines - 1 pc., Winches - 1 pc. |
|||
Lifeguard scout | ||||
Rescuer | ||||
Wing Commander | Search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia | |||
Lifeguard scout | ||||
Rescuer | ||||
Wing Commander | Search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia | |||
Lifeguard scout | ||||
Rescuer | ||||
Wing Commander | Search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia | |||
Lifeguard scout | ||||
Rescuer | ||||
Wing Commander | Search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia | GASI "SPRUT" - 1 set, electric saws - 1 pc., Cutting machines - 1 pc., Winch - 1 pc. |
||
Lifeguard scout | ||||
Rescuer | ||||
Wing Commander | Search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia | GASI "SPRUT" - 1 set, electric saws - 1 piece, cut-off machines - 1 piece, "Peleng-1" - 1 piece. |
||
Lifeguard scout | ||||
Rescuer | ||||
Wing Commander | Search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia in the Kaliningrad region - a branch of the North-West regional search and rescue team of the EMERCOM of Russia | GASI "SPRUT" - 1 set, chainsaws - 1 pc., Cutting machines - 1 pc., "Peleng-1" - 1 pc. |
||
Lifeguard scout | ||||
Rescuer | ||||
Wing Commander | GASI "SPRUT" - 1 set, chainsaws - 1 pc., Cutting machines - 1 pc., Electric shears - 1 pc. |
|||
Lifeguard scout | ||||
Rescuer | ||||
Wing Commander | Search and Rescue Service of the Municipal Institution "Department for Civil Defense and Emergency Situations of Kaliningrad" | GASI "SPRUT" - 1 set, chainsaws - 1 pc., Cutting machines - 1 pc., Winch - 1 pc. |
||
Lifeguard scout | ||||
Rescuer |
December 1, 2013 An emergency is a special situation in a separate territory resulting from a dangerous natural phenomenon, accident, catastrophe, natural disaster, which entails human casualties, causes damage to human health and nature, leads to significant material losses and disruption of the living conditions of people.
To eliminate emergency situations, all forces and means available at the facility are involved. The work is supervised by the persons responsible for the prevention, etc.
The leaders of emergency rescue services and units are the first to arrive in the emergency zones. They assume responsibility for the elimination of emergencies and supervise the work until the arrival of other responsible persons determined by the plans for preventing dangerous situations or appointed by the heads of organizations or local and central executive bodies.
The leadership and decisions of the responsible persons are mandatory for all citizens and organizations located in the emergency zones.
No one should interfere with the activities of leaders regarding the management of emergency situations. You can only remove them from their duties in accordance with the established procedure, after which they appoint another official or take over the leadership, if the legislation allows it.
If there is an urgent need (an immediate threat to life or health of people), the leaders of emergency response can independently make the following decisions:
Evacuation of the population;
Stopping the activities of organizations located in emergency zones;
Rescue and other urgent work on the territories of organizations or facilities located in the emergency zones;
Restricting people's access to hazardous areas;
Reservation of material reserves for the timely liquidation of emergency situations of organizations located in emergency zones;
The use of vehicles, communications and other property of organizations, in accordance with applicable law. After the work has been completed, expenses are reimbursed;
Involvement in carrying out rescue and other work of voluntary ARF, rescuers who are not part of these formations. They must have documents confirming their certification for participation in emergency rescue operations;
Involvement of the population in the urgent work on a voluntary basis, citizens with their consent (not rescuers);
Taking other measures determined by the development of emergency situations and the progress of rescue operations.
Emergency response leaders take all measures to promptly inform the relevant government agencies and services, the leadership of organizations on the adoption of certain decisions.
Those in charge of the elimination of emergencies have the right to receive reliable information in full about the progress of emergencies so that rescue and urgent work can be organized.
If it is technically impossible to carry out the entire scope of urgent rescue work, the leaders of emergency response may decide to suspend certain work in whole or in part, taking as a matter of priority possible measures to rescue people who are in the danger zone.
Naturally, people's life and health comes first. After preventing the danger and protecting the injured, the rescue teams proceed to eliminate the consequences of emergency situations.
The emergency rescue service of Moscow provides wide range services for the organization of rescue operations, as well as for stationary observation of hazardous production facilities. You can contact us using the page
Management in the elimination of emergencies consists in the leadership of the RSChS forces in the conduct of rescue and other urgent work. The main goal management is to ensure the effective use of forces and means of various purposes, as a result of which work in emergency zones must be carried out in full, in the shortest possible time, with minimal loss of population and material resources.
Work management begins from the moment an emergency occurs and ends after its elimination. It is carried out, as a rule, in daily cycles, each of which includes:
The content of management functions and their cyclical nature are characteristic for the systematic conduct of emergency rescue operations; in cases of abrupt changes in the situation, they can be changed and the controls will act in accordance with the specific situation.
Information about the situation is received by the control bodies in the form of urgent and extra-urgent reports. Urgent reports are submitted at a specific time, usually in a formalized form; extra-urgent - as required in any form. The main sources for obtaining the most complete and generalized information about the situation are subordinate intelligence formations (subunits) and command and control bodies; a significant part of the information can come from the higher command and control bodies and their means of observation and control.
Depending on the sequence of development of an emergency, the subordinate management bodies submit reports: on the likelihood of an emergency, on the fact of its occurrence, on the situation in the disaster area, on the progress of rescue and other urgent work, on a sharp change in the situation, on the results of work (on periods).
A report on the likelihood and fact of an emergency is presented immediately; it allows a limited amount of data for taking emergency measures and setting tasks for the forces of constant readiness, as well as for making a preliminary decision on alerting forces and means, moving them into the emergency area and conducting emergency rescue operations. More detailed situation reports are submitted after reconnaissance, reconnaissance and at the initial stage of work. They contain data that provide clarification of the preliminary or adoption of a new decision on the performance of work by the main forces.
Progress reports include information on the number of people rescued (removed from the rubble), on changes in the situation, emergency work performed, losses, condition and security of the formations. These data are necessary to clarify the previously set tasks, as well as to make decisions in cases of a sharp change in the situation. Forms, content and terms of submission of reports are determined regulations; if necessary, they can be changed in the course of organizing and carrying out work.
The situation is fully analyzed by the head of the management body (the head of the emergency response), his deputies (assistants), as well as others officials each within the limits of his competence and responsibility.
The furnishings are analyzed by elements, the main of which are:
In the process of analyzing the situation, specialists compare the needs for forces and means for carrying out work with their specific availability and capabilities, make calculations, analyze options for their use and choose the best one. Conclusions from the assessment of the situation and proposals for the use of forces and means are reported to the head of the command body (the head of the emergency response); suggestions of specialists are generalized and used in the decision-making process.
The decision to carry out rescue and other urgent work in the emergency zone is the basis of management; it is accepted and organized by the head of the management body (head of emergency response).
The solution includes the following main elements:
Brief conclusions from the assessment of the situation contain basic information about the nature and scale of the emergency, the amount of work to be done and the conditions for its implementation, the available forces and means and their capabilities.
The plan of actions reflects the goals facing the given control body and its forces, the main tasks and the sequence of work, the objects (areas, areas) of the concentration of the main efforts, the procedure for creating a grouping of forces and means.
Tasks to the heads of subordinate control bodies and their formations are determined by senior chiefs, depending on their capabilities and the development of the situation. When setting the task, the area of \u200b\u200bwork, forces and means, the sequence and timing of work, the objects of concentration of the main efforts, the procedure for using technical means, security measures and ensuring the continuity of work are indicated.
Interaction between subordinate units (formations), between them and special units of other departments, as well as between subordinate forces and neighbors (forces of other districts, cities) is organized when a decision is made and is carried out in the course of work, primarily when rescuing people, localizing and extinguishing fires , elimination of accidents on communal-energy systems, preparation of bypass routes (roads) for the input of forces and the evacuation of the injured (affected).
When organizing interaction:
The interaction of subordinate control bodies and subunits (formations) with other forces performing special tasks to ensure rescue operations is organized in the process of setting tasks with the participation of representatives of the interacting forces; at the same time, the head of the management body informs the subordinates about the work performed at their facilities, the timing of their beginning and (tentatively) completion. At the same time, the heads of subordinate command and control bodies (commanders of subunits and formations) and representatives of the interacting forces clarify the places and procedures for carrying out work, exchange data on the situation, locations of command posts, methods of communication and the procedure for informing about the progress of missions.
Ensuring the actions of forces and means in the areas of work is organized in order to create necessary conditions to successfully complete the assigned tasks. The main types of support are: exploration, transport, engineering, road, hydrometeorological, technical, material and medical. Heads of services and officials of command and control bodies are directly responsible for ensuring the actions of forces and using special means.
Organization of support includes clarification of the task, assessment of the situation within the framework of its responsibility, training of special forces and means and their timely entry into the emergency zone, assignment of tasks to subordinates and their clarification in the course of work, monitoring of the implementation of assigned tasks.
When organizing reconnaissance, the goals, areas (areas, objects) and the time of reconnaissance, the procedure for monitoring and monitoring the state of the environment and changes in the situation at the work sites, the system for signaling and submitting reports are indicated.
Transport support includes determining the nature and volume of transportation, accounting for all types of transport, time and place of loading, routes, control lines and the timing of their passage, areas (points) and terms of unloading, creating a reserve of vehicles and the procedure for its use.
Engineering support solves the problems of performing special engineering works, using means of mechanization of work, equipping water supply points, and delivering water to places of work.
Road support provides for the creation of road-bridge detachments (traffic support detachments), each of which determines the route and the timing of its preparation for the passage of vehicles and equipment, maintaining routes in a passable condition, equipping detours in case it is impossible to use certain sections or road structures on the serviced route.
Hydrometeorological support includes the establishment of the volume and procedure for transferring weather data in the areas of work, as well as urgent information about dangerous meteorological and hydrological phenomena and the possible nature of their development to control bodies and formation commanders.
Technical support provides for the organization of the work of repair and evacuation enterprises and special units (formations) for the timely implementation of maintenance machines and mechanisms, on-site repair and delivery of faulty equipment to repair bases.
Management of all forces and means involved in the elimination of emergency situations, and the organization of their interaction is carried out by the heads of emergency response (heads of the OG) and the management bodies of the RSChS appointed for this.
The decisions of the heads of emergency response are binding on all citizens and organizations located in the zones of action, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The leaders of emergency rescue services, emergency rescue teams, who arrived in the zone of action first, assume the powers of leaders of emergency response and fulfill them until the arrival of leaders determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation or appointed by state authorities, local authorities, heads of organizations.
The powers of the head of emergency response are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, management of organizations in accordance with legislation.
In case of emergency, the heads of emergency response have the right to independently make decisions:
Subsequently, the heads of emergency response are obliged to immediately inform the relevant state authorities, local self-government bodies, and the management of organizations about their decisions.
Operational groups (OG) are staffed with specialists and provide:
The work is supervised from equipped control points (CP), which are premises equipped with communication, automation and other necessary technical means... Stationary launchers are usually located in administrative or public buildings and structures and are staffed with personnel (on duty) and the necessary communication facilities. Moving points management (PPU) ensure more efficient work of operational groups; they are placed on cars, airplanes (helicopters), and floating craft.
And aimed at saving lives and preserving people's health, reducing the amount of damage environment and material losses, as well as the localization of emergency zones, the termination of their characteristic dangerous factors.
Goals and objectives of emergency response
Emergency response is carried out with the aim saving lives and preserving the life and health of people, reducing the amount of damage to the environment and material losses, as well as localizing the emergency zone, stopping the action of their characteristic hazardous factors.
Implementation of a set of measures in an emergency, aimed at performing the following tasks:
- cessation or reduction to the minimum possible level of exposure to harmful and dangerous factors posing a threat to the life and health of people, animals and the environment;
- saving lives and preserving people's health;
- localization of emergency zones, termination of the action of their characteristic hazardous factors;
- priority life support of the affected population;
- bringing technical and material means, buildings and structures, life support systems of the population to a usable condition.
Measures carried out in response to an emergency
Emergency response includes the following main activities:
- reconnaissance in order to identify the type of emergency, detect sources of danger, determine the scale and boundaries of the emergency zone, continuous monitoring and control of changes in the situation in the emergency zone;
- analysis of intelligence data, observation, control and assessment of the situation in the emergency zone;
- making a decision to carry out ASDNR;
- carrying out emergency rescue and other urgent work;
- ensuring the emergency response process;
- life support of the population and emergency response forces.
The planning, preparation and implementation of measures to eliminate an emergency is organized by the relevant management bodies in the territorial and departmental subsystems and in their links (commissions for the prevention and elimination of an emergency and ensuring fire safety (KChS), governing bodies of the Civil Defense and Emergencies). Planning is carried out in advance on the basis of forecasting and analyzing the situation that may develop in a particular area in the event of an emergency, as well as taking into account local conditions, features and capabilities that affect the organization of protection of the population. The main planning document is the Action Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of an Emergency Situation, which serves as a guiding document for the implementation of measures in the event of a threat and emergency. In case of a threat of an emergency, in order to protect the population, the following measures are taken:
- checking the readiness of systems and means of warning, control and communication;
- alerting protective equipment; preparation for the issuance or issuance of personal protective equipment and medical prevention to the population;
- carrying out sanitary and anti-epidemic measures;
- preparation for evacuation (resettlement), and, if necessary, evacuation of the population from areas and areas that are in danger.
The direct management of emergency response work is carried out by the emergency response manager provided for by the relevant documents or appointed by the authorities executive power, whose competence includes the elimination of an emergency situation.
Emergency response stages
Emergency response is carried out in three stages by forces and means of organizations, local self-government bodies, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, on the territory of which an emergency situation has arisen, concentrated in the first, second and third (reserve) echelons, respectively. If the above forces and means are insufficient, at the request of the command and control bodies organizing the elimination of an emergency, the forces and means of federal executive bodies (units of the Russian Ministry of Defense, other troops and military formations) may be involved in accordance with the previously developed Interaction Plans, usually in the second or the third echelon (reserve).
At the first stage emergency measures are taken to protect the population, prevent the development or reduce the impact of an emergency situation and prepare for the deployment (conduct) of rescue, emergency recovery and other urgent work.
Emergency measures to protect the population include:
- danger alert;
- use of protective equipment;
- compliance with behavior regimes;
- evacuation from areas where there is a danger of injury to people;
- the use of medical prophylaxis and the provision of first aid and other types of assistance to victims.
To prevent the development and (or) reduce the consequences of an accident (catastrophe, natural disaster), emergency rescue forces of constant readiness (first echelon) carry out their localization, suspension or change technological process production, prevention and suppression of fires. A cordon of the area of \u200b\u200ban accident, catastrophe or natural disaster is established, traffic is regulated. Particular attention is paid to the prevention of panic, information of the population about the situation, instructions and recommendations on the order of his behavior.
The main task of the second stage is the performance by the forces of the second echelon of rescue, emergency recovery and other urgent work. At the same time, the implementation of the measures begun at the first stage to protect the population and reduce the impact of the damaging factors of the emergency continues. The work is carried out continuously with the necessary change of personnel and compliance with safety measures.
In the third stage
basically, the tasks of the priority life support of the population in the areas affected by the emergency are being solved, as well. At this stage, the forces of the third echelon (reserve) can join the work. The life support of the affected population is aimed at creating the conditions necessary to preserve and maintain the life, health and working capacity of people when they are in the emergency zone and during evacuation (temporary resettlement). For this purpose, the following activities are carried out:
- resettlement of the evacuees in safe areas, providing them with food, necessities, medical help and employment;
- temporary accommodation of the homeless population in surviving structures, tents, yurts, cabin cars, temporarily erected buildings, railway cars, etc .;
- providing the population with non-contaminated (non-contaminated) food, water and basic necessities;
- ensuring the operation of utilities, transport and healthcare institutions;
- organization of accounting and distribution of material assistance;
- carrying out the necessary sanitary and hygienic and anti-epidemic measures;
- carrying out work among the population to reduce the consequences of the psychological impact of an emergency situation, eliminate shock conditions.
If necessary, the execution of emergency recovery work continues.
The success of emergency response measures is achieved:
- advance preparation and alerting of command and control bodies, forces and means to act in an emergency;
- prompt response to an emergency situation, deployment of a control system;
- making a well-grounded decision to liquidate an emergency situation and implementing it;
- continuous and sustainable management of emergency response work, organization of interaction between emergency response participants;
- conducting ASDNR at any time of the year, in any weather, until their complete completion, in compliance with security measures and timely change of formations;
- organization of comprehensive support for emergency response.
Sources: Security of Russia. Protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies. –M., 1999; Guidelines for the actions of the command and control bodies and forces of the RSChS in the event of a threat and emergencies. –M., 1996; Organization and maintenance of civil protection (issue No. 6). –Novogorsk, 2003; Safety in emergencies. Terms and Definitions; Safety in emergencies. Elimination of emergencies. General requirements.