Raw materials for the manufacture of disposable paper tableware. How to choose equipment for the production of disposable tableware: machine and thermoforming machine. Raw materials for the production of plastic tableware

Pneumatic vacuum forming machines series JDX and JMDX - high-speed automatic machines designed for vacuum forming of plastic products. The machines are used for the manufacture of lunch boxes, trays, substrates, trays, boxes, boxes for cakes, blisters, cakes, gifts, dishes, decorative and other packaging products from plastic rolls.

The machines are equipped with high quality pneumatic and electronic components manufactured by such companies as NORGREN, OMRON, SIEMENS. This greatly improves the performance of the machines, makes them easier to operate and guarantees the production of high quality products. The productivity of the apparatus is determined by the depth of the molded products.

Advantages of the devices:

• comfortable automatic control
• precise digital time management
• quick manual and automatic shutdown
• central lubrication system, central gas regulation system
• infrared heating with individual temperature control of heating elements
• secondary lifting and lowering of the mold, secondary blowing, secondary vacuum function (purpose)
• vacuum retention, electromagnetic brake
• special design solutions that ensure the creation of products with consistent quality.
• separate chilled water supply, inlet cooling and spraying
• powerful blowing mechanism, effectively improving the productivity and cooling time of the mold.
• JDX-1200B has upper and lower heating zones for the sheet of the material being formed, which significantly improves the quality of the final product and increases the maximum depth of its forming
• automatic cutting of formed sheets.

Raw materials used:all colored sheet materials such as PET, PVC, PS, PP, etc .; environmentally friendly sheet materials such as APET, PETG, etc .; biodegradable materials; light-degradable materials.

Optional equipment: for the operation of the devices, the supply of compressed air and water must be provided. For punching products, mechanical cutting machines and pneumatic punching presses are used.

A less productive and flexible option for a pneumatic vacuum forming apparatus - a semiautomatic device JDX-600.

One of the promising areas today is the production of paper tableware as a business. By purchasing good powerful equipment and mastering the manufacturing technology, you can conquer the still unfilled market. After all, most of such goods come to us from abroad, and there are very few domestic workshops.

It is enough to competently draw up a business plan, study in detail the market of the selected region, prepare the production process, hire employees and agree on the delivery of the first batch of goods. And after 6-12 months you will begin to receive net profit, which will give the opportunity to expand and offer customers new tableware options.

Business features

Disposable cups and plates quickly became fashionable. But if until recently only plastic options could be found on store shelves, today they have been successfully replaced by paper products. Such dishes have the following advantages:

1. Hygiene.
2. Environmental friendliness.
3. Does not spoil the taste of food.
4. Low level of thermal conductivity, which makes it possible not to burn your hands while holding a hot drink.
5. The material from which it is made completely decomposes within several years without harming the environment.
6. It is easy to print an advertisement or company logo on paper.

Such products are more and more in demand, but in Russia there is still a very low level of competition among manufacturers. By making disposable tableware, even foreign suppliers can be squeezed out by reducing prices.

This business is good because an automated, well-established line will produce dishes 24 hours a day, all year round... And this does not require a lot of workers. At not very high costs, you will reach full payback in a few months. It is not surprising that the production of paper ware is considered a very promising project.

Company registration

You can arrange a business as an individual entrepreneur, but still experts recommend, since legal entity there will be advantages:

• more founders available;
• in case of failure, you risk only the authorized capital;
• large companies prefer to work with a firm rather than with an individual entrepreneur;
• such a business is more credible in various regulatory services;
• it is possible to recover VAT, which significantly affects the financial component.

In addition, you will need to select the appropriate OKVED code for the issue disposable tableware from paper. When registering employees, you need to register with The Pension Fund and FSS. And it is also necessary to obtain permission from the SES and the fire inspection for the production of food products, to which this type of product belongs. Particular attention should be paid to the requirements of GOST and SanPiN.

Technological stages

When setting up an automated line using modern equipment, the production of disposable tableware is a simple process:

1. The laminated sheet of paper is printed.
2. The workpiece of the required size is cut with a special press.
3. In the molding machine, the product is given the intended volume.
4. The edges are soldered, the excess is cut off.
5. If this is the production of cups, then the bottom is cut out separately and laid inside.

Special laminated paper (one- or two-sided) is used as raw material. Its density should be 150-350 g / m2. Finnish material is considered the best in quality, but due to high prices, the cost of such dishes will be too large. Therefore, it is recommended to use domestic paper, which will significantly reduce costs.

Shop selection

You will need enough space to make disposable tableware. Depending on the assortment, the expected turnover and the availability of certain machines, an appropriate room is selected:

• it should be located in the industrial part of the city;
• the minimum ceiling height is 4.5 meters;
• concrete or tiled floor;
• fireproof coating on the walls;
• the presence of a three-phase power network is required;
• water supply and a good ventilation system are installed.

The entire building is divided into certain working areas - a workshop, a warehouse, an administration, utility rooms, bathrooms, changing rooms for employees. Also check the list of requirements from the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service and fire safetyso that the regulatory authorities do not make claims.

What equipment to buy?

In order to produce paper disposable tableware, you will have to purchase an automated line. First, it is advisable to decide on a list of required elements, for example:

1. Machine for cutting blanks.
2. A device for thermal or ultrasonic treatment.
3. Printing press.
4. Nozzles and blanks for shaping and sizing, etc.

Please note that two separate lines are required to dispense plates and glasses. After all, even if possible, change the attachments on the same machine in order to maintain desired speed production is highly undesirable to stop the process.

When choosing, pay attention to the power of the device, the quantity and quality of the products produced, as well as the method of gluing the parts. It can be ultrasonic or thermal. The first option is more preferable, albeit expensive.

Another important point when purchasing equipment - choosing a manufacturer. European and American machines are different high quality and good speed, but their price may seem too expensive. Chinese devices on the market are considered the cheapest, but they also give out a lot of defects, which will significantly affect the entire workflow.

The most optimal is the choice of equipment from a European manufacturer, since an automated line for the production of disposable tableware of good quality is available for a more suitable price.

Staff

To work on such machines, you do not need a large number of people, and even more highly qualified specialists. Therefore, it is enough to hire a few people who will only control the machines and store the goods.

True, you still have to hire:

• An accountant to maintain financial statements or invite him only if necessary.
• Sales manager, since the success of the entire business largely depends on the established relationships with customers.

After the production of products has been established, one of the most important tasks remains to organize the sale of the manufactured goods. It is better if an experienced manager takes care of this issue. Mostly paper disposable tableware is purchased:

1. (cafes, restaurants, fast food).
2. Sports complexes.
3. Entertainment centers.
4. etc.

To disseminate information about your production, you can use all modern available advertising methods - mass media, Internet, banners, advertisements, etc. By concluding several contracts with regular wholesale customers, you will ensure the stability of your business and quickly reach full payback.

Download for free as a sample.

Financial calculations

In order to predict the profitability of the project and find out during what period you will be able to return your initial investment, you need to determine the cost of the selected equipment, production volumes and establish a quick sale of goods.

For example, if you buy an automated high-power line for 1 million rubles, you can expect to produce 35 items per minute. With 24/7 production this would amount to approximately 1,500,000 copies per month. And if you make a low markup on the product, say, 1 ruble in excess of the cost, then the income will be 1,500,000 rubles.

From this amount you need to deduct taxes, deductions for wages, utilities, purchase of raw materials for the next batch of goods, etc. As a result, in half a year, with the well-established sale of finished dishes, we can talk about the full payback of the initial investment.

• purchase better and more powerful equipment;
• install machines for a variety of assortment;
• open branches in other regions, etc.

Video: making paper cups.

Probably every person in our country met with disposable tableware. And it doesn't matter at all what it was made of: paper or plastic. Before you know what equipment to buy for the production of disposable tableware, let's figure out why it is worth doing.

The advantages of the presented products

So, among the advantages are the following:

• ease of use;
• very low cost;
• environmental Safety;
• convenience;
• high demand.

Naturally, the equipment for the production of disposable tableware cannot be called simple, since it is capable of performing dozens of different operations. However, the amount of possible income fully covers any disadvantages.

What are the dishes made of?

Naturally, in order to stamp products, you must first purchase raw materials. For production, you can use both paper and polyethylene. Moreover, in the second case, manufacturing is cheaper. However, paper dishes are safer.

Raw materials should be purchased from several trusted suppliers. In addition, recyclable materials are excellent for such production, the cost of which is very low. If you decide to choose polyethylene, then keep in mind that making dishes from it is rather difficult. However, the products are more durable and can be used in a microwave oven.

What hardware do you need to work?

In order to organize your own workshop, you need to know what equipment for the production of disposable tableware should be purchased. So, you will need:

• injection molding machine (designed to work with polypropylene and polystyrene);
• thermoforming apparatus;
• extruder - thanks to it, flat sheets can be obtained from polyethylene granules;
• packing table;
• crusher - used for crushing recyclable materials;
• chiller - this machine for the production of disposable tableware provides cooling of workpieces;
• compressor.

Basically, this equipment is enough to start a business. Then you can expand and buy more powerful and functional machines.

How to choose the right equipment?

This question is not too difficult. First you need to decide on the parameters of the machines, and then look for a suitable model. For example, for a start, low-power equipment with an average performance is more complete.

However, even it is not so cheap. Therefore, to begin with, it is quite possible to use used machines. Naturally, they should be in good condition and not break every week. But then how lucky.

If you decide to purchase a new line, then keep in mind that ordering a machine for the production of disposable tableware should only be from a trusted manufacturer that enjoys a positive reputation.

When choosing, try to carefully consider all the devices. The seller must provide you with all required accompanying certificates.

Features of the production of polyethylene dishes

It is cheaper both in production and on the market. The process of making such a material is quite complicated. It consists of the following stages:

1. To begin with, the sorted raw material in the form of granules is thrown into the extruder, where, under the influence of high temperature, it turns into a homogeneous semi-liquid mass. Mixing inside the hopper is done using a screw.

2. The resulting mass is squeezed out through a thin slot. The result is a long and wide sheet, the thickness of which varies within a few millimeters. It all depends on how the shafts are set up, and they must work accurately and correctly. If you have a functional extruder, then you can get multilayer film with it. In any case, its thickness should be the same throughout the entire length.

As you can see, the manufacturing process is quite complicated. The machines should be operated by experienced operators who can operate the automatic system using the remote control. Naturally, strict safety rules must be observed during operation.

Features of the manufacture of dishes from laminated cardboard

First of all, it should be noted that equipment for the production of disposable paper tableware is produced only abroad. The fact is that in our country such a business is not very popular due to the rather high cost of primary raw materials. However, if you do decide to do this, then look for German, American, Korean or Chinese devices.

Bogdana Zhuravskaya

The production of disposable tableware is a promising and profitable line of business for an entrepreneur who is not afraid of a high threshold for entering the market. Along with significant capital investments, it is necessary to be prepared to overcome a number of risks. The main one is the absence of a large number of highly qualified technologists and open information about the nuances production process... In addition, the environmental movement is becoming more and more popular in our country. This means that it is necessary to build its activities taking into account the fact that sooner or later it will be necessary to reformat the enterprise for the production of a biodegradable product.

On the eve of the start

There are many types of disposable tableware. Conventionally, products can be divided into several large groups: plastic, paper, wood and the so-called environmentally friendly. The latter category includes both dishes made of biodegradable plastic and the latest developments, when cups and plates are made from a variety of raw materials like cereals (edible dishes), cane, cornstarch, leaves, bamboo, etc.

Before starting a project, an entrepreneur needs to clearly indicate what type of product he will produce. There are no universal lines at the moment, and launching an enterprise with a large number of installations for products made of different materials will require huge investments. Another difficulty is to get efficient technology production of disposable tableware. It is not easy to find detailed information in the public domain, and qualified technologists are worth their weight in gold. Therefore, the easiest way to establish the process is to train personnel with the equipment manufacturer.

Next, you should enter into agreements with suppliers of raw materials. There are not so many of them on the territory of the Russian Federation, therefore, options for cooperation with foreign partners can be considered. In any case, it is not advisable to focus only on one manufacturer, because a delivery failure can cause downtime for a new enterprise.

Having decided on the listed issues, you can start searching for equipment and developing project documentation. As already mentioned, the financial threshold for entering the market is quite high. So, just for the purchase of a minimum set of equipment for the production of plastic disposable tableware will require about 12 million rubles. Having a well-developed business plan in hand, it makes sense to start work using the funds of investors.

Basic risks

Potential customers are in no hurry to conclude preliminary contracts with a new manufacturer and are ready to consider proposals only if the required volume is available finished products and a package of documents confirming the compliance of goods with the requirements of GOST and SanPiN.

As for competition, here you will have to deal with a pool of domestic and foreign companies, most of which hold strong positions in the market, have a certain experience and, what is important, the trust of customers. For example, Chinese manufacturers, thanks to their huge volumes, have the opportunity to present very attractive price offers.

Another conditional difficulty is seasonal demand for products. The expansion of the assortment will help to maintain balance.

The main consumers of disposable tableware

Among the wholesale buyers that a manufacturer of disposable tableware should be guided by:

• , canteens, pizzerias and other establishments catering;
• seasonal takeaway food stands;
• food delivery services;
• markets of various formats, catering companies with their own culinary production;
• agencies for organizing picnics and outdoor events;
• enterprises selling vegetables and fruits.

As you can see, the list of opportunities for product sales is wide enough. The entrepreneur only needs to form profitable proposition and convey information about it to as many partners as possible.

Types of disposable tableware

To comprehensively meet consumer demand, the manufacturer's assortment should include disposable dishes for drinks, soups, main courses, snacks, packaging of various products, as well as salad bowls, cutlery, straws, plastic lids for glasses for take-away drinks and stirring sticks.

For the manufacture of products, several types of raw materials can be used: plastic, including its degradable variety, special paper, wood. In addition, dishes from natural materials.

Disposable plastic tableware

Plastic dishes have a number of advantages. It is comfortable, hygienic, practical, and very inexpensive. The versatility of the material allows the production of a wide range of products - plates, cups, cutlery, straws, stirring sticks of various colors, shapes and sizes. If necessary, you can apply a logo or a bright drawing.

Equipment for the production of plastic dishes

A standard line for the production of disposable tableware contains:

• thermoforming machine;
• extruder;
• mold;
• compressor.

The minimum cost of a set of equipment is about 3 million rubles. costs for the first batch of raw materials - from 100 thousand rubles.

Manufacturing technology + Video

Two types of plastic are used for the production of tableware:

• polypropylene (strong, plastic, heat-resistant, utensils made of it can be used for hot meals and drinks, designated PP with the number 5);
• polystyrene (products do not withstand heating, food cannot be stored in them, it is indicated by PS with the number 6).

Raw materials for production plastic dishes are granular polymers that look like balls from. The price per ton of pellets fluctuates in the range of 45-100 thousand rubles, which depends on the brand, diameter and other characteristics.

This raw material is used by full-cycle enterprises, where it is supposed to melt granules and make a film from which plastic dishes are made. In an incomplete cycle, the manufacturer uses finished film costing 100-190 thousand rubles. per ton.

The complete production cycle of disposable tableware includes the following stages:

• Melting pellets... White or, if we are talking about the manufacture of colored dishes, colored balls are placed in an extruder, where the raw material is heated to the melting temperature with constant stirring with a screw press.
• Film making... Having reached the desired consistency, the mass is fed to a press, through which a plastic sheet with a thickness of 2 mm is obtained.
• Shaping products... The film enters the thermoforming unit, heats up to a plastic state and is drawn into molds.
• Cut elements... The one-piece cloth with the formed crockery is moved to the trimmer, where the individual elements are separated from the one-piece cloth. The plastic pieces are sent for recycling.
• Next, the dishes are sorted and fed to a conveyor, where they are modified - applying logos, folding the edges, etc.
• Packaging... The machine selects the required number of products and places them in a film.

The production of tableware made of biodegradable plastic is carried out in a similar way.

How to do video:

Disposable Bioplastic Tableware

Disposable tableware made of biodegradable plastic is positioned as "green", but the material, although to a lesser extent than its biostable counterpart, still contaminates environmentbecause the decomposition produces methane and carbon dioxide. However, green lifestylers welcome this “lesser evil” decision and are happy to use the product.

Main competitors

Among the giants of the disposable tableware market are the following companies: U2B, My Dishes, GORNOV GROUP, Plastic-Step, Misteria, Papperskopp Rus, Huhtamaki, Trial Market, PapStar, The Paper Cup Company.

The choice of equipment for the production of disposable tableware should be approached responsibly, because the demand and profit will depend on the quality of the product.

Raw materials for disposable tableware

The material used in the manufacture of containers

Disposable tableware was originally made from paper. Now laminated cardboard with a density of 130-280 g / m2 is chosen for its production. Lamination is performed with a layer of 10–20 microns. Such containers are suitable for advertising or creating branded tableware. For example, in a coffee shop chain, it is important to use cups with the name of the establishment and its slogan.

Until recently, Finnish paper has been the favorite. Now the domestic production of high-quality cardboard is gaining momentum.

In the production of plastic tableware, raw materials are used different types polymers, depending on the required characteristics of finished products and production capacity. For a full cycle, granular polystyrene is used, which externally resembles foam spheres. For a shorter production cycle, polystyrene or polypropylene film is used.

Is an amorphous polymer thermoplastic mass made from benzene and ethylene using polymerization. The material has a fairly high gas permeability, which is why it is often used in the production of cups for fermented milk products. The disadvantage of polystyrene is fragility.

- partially crystallized polymer with thermoplastic properties. It is made from propylene by combining molecules with each other into large molecules. This material is not as brittle and is cheaper to manufacture than polystyrene. The disadvantages of polypropylene are its complexity, requiring strict adherence to temperature, and the impossibility of storing the polymer at negative temperatures, which makes the raw material brittle.

The main advantages of disposable tableware

The undoubted advantages of disposable products are:

• Safety. Plastic products are made of flexible materials that cannot be injured or even broken.
• Hygiene. In catering establishments, the use of disposable tableware ensures the cleanliness of food containers.
• Saving. There is no need to waste time and money (detergents, water and its heating) on \u200b\u200bwashing dishes.
• Convenience. Indispensable in establishments selling takeaway food and drinks.

Required equipment and its functions

For a full cycle of production of disposable plastic tableware, several types of equipment are required:

• extruder - required to produce polystyrene sheets;
• thermoforming machine - creates the required shape;
• compressor;
• crusher - an apparatus for grinding recyclable materials or production waste;
• packing table;
• granulator.

Extruder Is a machine that melts polystyrene or polypropylene pellets. The melted mass is stirred with a screw to a homogeneous consistency. The semi-liquid material is passed through the rolls and exits through the slot-like opening in already finished sheets. In quality models, the following points are important:

• wear-resistant steel is used for the screw;
• large ratio of the length and diameter of the screw;
• precision balancing of shafts and auger;
• uniform thickness of the resulting film.

Thermoforming Machine heats the plastic sheet and makes indentations of the required shape in it. For the production of forks and spoons, a different principle is used - molten polystyrene or polypropylene is poured into the prepared form. The finished products are quickly cooled, literally in a few seconds, and are sent to the packaging line.

Crusher or crusher intended for shredding of plastic film residues after stamping. The shredded plastic is sent to a granulator, in which it is again converted into plastic balls.

On the packing table at low production capacities, dishes are sometimes packed by hand. But it is more efficient to use a special machine for counting finished products and its subsequent packaging.

If there is financial opportunity, the owner can purchase not separate devices, but a ready-made automated line.

Equipment for the production of dishes in an incomplete cycle includes only thermoforming machines and a packaging line.

Paper Cup Makers

Making paper products for food requires different equipment.

The most important apparatus is the molding machine. The main difference between the models is the method of joining the glass seam - thermal or ultrasonic. For small production, a thermoforming machine is suitable, which performs a seam by heating with electricity. Such equipment is relatively inexpensive and easy to operate. The power consumption of the machine is at the level of 5-7 kW, with a production capacity of about 40 pieces per minute.

Modern models of paper cup forming machines have a variety of additional functions that improve the quality of the finished product and the productivity of the line:

• swiss Leister system of connecting the bottom with the sides;
• pneumatic stacker of cups into tubes;
• PLC control system;
• a defect detection system that sorts out damaged products.

It is important to provide for the manufacture of covers. A separate apparatus is required for their production.

The highest quality is Japanese technology. Used equipment can cost almost 2 times cheaper. But it is necessary to correlate the risks of failure of machines and the cost of their maintenance.

The nuances of choosing equipment

Having decided to invest finances in the creation of the production of disposable cutlery, several points must be taken into account.

All disposable tableware must be certified

Planned production capacity of the enterprise. Based on it, the choice of premises, equipment, personnel selection, estimated costs of materials and resources, including utilities, projected profit are made.

Workshop size... It is imperative to control these parameters so that the selected equipment fits into the room. It is also important to remember about the auxiliary premises (staff bathroom).

Technical characteristics of the selected machines. They must match the performance of the shop. An important point is energy consumption and ease of maintenance and repair of devices.

The conditions and price of equipment delivery are also important.

Features of the production of plastic and paper dishes

The production of disposable tableware is a multi-stage process. But its features will differ from the type of raw materials used.

The production of plastic dishes in a full cycle takes place in stages:

1. The selected polystyrene foam balls are sent to the extruder, in which, when heated, they become a liquid with the consistency of sour cream. The auger mixes the raw material into a homogeneous mass.
2. This mass passes through the rolls into a narrow opening. The distance between the rolls of the extruder can be adjusted to the thickness of the plastic sheet. Some models have the ability to produce multilayer film.
3. From the film, with the help of thermoforming equipment, dishes of the required shape are made.
4. The finished products are sent to the packaging line.
5. Waste sheets, after cutting out cookware blanks from them, are sent to the crusher. From the crushed plastic in the granulator, balls are produced, which are returned to the production cycle.

All devices are fairly simple. More modern modifications have full automation of processes with the possibility of minimal operator intervention. There are both foreign and domestic equipment for this. The choice usually depends on the price and terms of delivery.

Dishes made of paper

Making disposable tableware out of paper requires completely different equipment, which is still domestic factories do not produce.

A typical production scheme includes:

• feeding sheets of cardboard for the walls of the cups;
• rolling paper into cylinders;
• formation of sides;
• cutting and attaching the bottoms.

There are multifunctional machines for making different types of disposable tableware. But you still need some addition: printers to create exclusive tableware, moldings, which are a matrix for paper products. Blanks for the formation of the sides are required in different sizes.

The image and inscriptions are applied to the paper at the initial stage before the formation of the blanks.

The seams of the paper cups are processed ultrasonically or thermally. The ultrasonic soldering is stronger and can be done continuously with high productivity. A seam made by a thermal method is less costly.