Solutions around us. Solutions Presentation on the topic of solutions around us

"Mass fraction of a substance" - Density. Designate Vm. Мср \u003d? 1 M1 +? 2 M2 +? 3 M3 +… volume fraction? \u003d V1 / Vtot. It is denoted by w. Calculated in fractions or percentages. Molar concentration: s (in-islands) \u003d n (in-islands) / Vsystem in mol / l. Relative density is calculated in relative units.). The density of any substance is calculated by the formula? \u003d m / V, usually measured in g / ml or g / l.

"Ferromagnetic fluid" - Ferromagnetic fluid is a "smart" fluid. Application: conversion of vibrational energy into electrical energy. Video. MAOU Siberian Lyceum. “I am inspired by life itself, nature itself. Application: electronic devices. Ferrofluid is capable of reducing friction. Application: magnetic separation of ores.

"Magnetic properties of matter" - Ferrites have high values \u200b\u200bof magnetization and Curie temperatures. where is the proportionality coefficient characterizing the magnetic properties of a substance and called the magnetic susceptibility of the medium. Some materials retain their magnetic properties even in the absence of an external magnetic field. Magnetic moment of electron and atom Atom in an external magnetic field.

"The structure of the substance of the molecule" - CH3OH + HBr. CH3? CH2? NO2. Mutual influence of atoms in molecules by the example of aniline. + 2Na. CH3OH + NaOH. C2n6. CH4. HC? C? CH2? CH3. Structural. Isomers -. 2nd position. The theory of chemical structure A.M. Butlerov. Increase in basic properties.

"Disperse systems" - Aerosols. By the state of aggregation of the dispersion medium and dispersed phase. Dispersion medium: Gelatinous precipitates formed during coagulation of sols. Press any key. Gels. Natural water always contains dissolved substances. Classification of dispersed systems. Solutions. Dispersed phase: Suspensions.

"Pure substances and mixtures" - 1. The mixture is:? Conclusions: What mixtures are there? Filtration. Calcium phosphate. Pure substances and mixtures. ZnO, ZnCl2, H2O. SO3, MgO, CuO. A pure substance has constant physical properties (tboil, tmelt,?, Etc.). Distillation (distillation). Methods for separating mixtures. In what ways can mixtures be separated?

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These are homogeneous (homogeneous) systems consisting of two or more components and products of their interaction.

Accurate determination of the solution (1887 D.I. Mendeleev)

Solution - homogeneous (homogeneous) system consisting of

particles of dissolved

substance, solvent

and products

their interactions.

Solutions are subdivided:

• Molecular - aqueous solutions of non-electrolytes

(alcohol solution of iodine, glucose solution).

• Molecular ionic - solutions of weak electrolytes

(nitrous and carbonic acids, ammonia water).

3. Ionic solutions - electrolyte solutions.

Solubility -

the property of a substance to dissolve in water or other solution.

Solubility coefficient (S) - the maximum number of g of a substance that can be dissolved in 100 g of solvent at a given temperature.

Substances.

Slightly soluble

S \u003d 0.01 - 1 g

Well soluble

Practically insoluble

S

Influence of various factors on solubility.

Temperature

Pressure

Solubility

The nature of solutes

The nature of the solvent

Solubility of liquids in liquids in a very complex way depends on their nature.

There are three types of liquids that differ in their ability to mutual dissolution.

• Virtually immiscible liquids, i.e. incapable of forming mutual solutions (for example, H 2 0 and Hg, H 2 0 and C 6 H 6).

2) Liquids mixed in any ratio, i.e. with unlimited mutual solubility (for example, H 2 0 and C 2 H 5 OH, H 2 0 and CH 3 COOH).

3) Liquids with limited mutual solubility (H 2 0 and C 2 H 5 OC 2 H 5, H 2 0 and C 6 H 5 NH 2).

Significant influence pressure only affects the solubility of gases.

Moreover, if there is no chemical interaction between the gas and the solvent, then according to

henry's law, the solubility of a gas at constant temperature is directly proportional to its pressure above the solution

Ways of expressing the composition of solutions 1.share 2. Concentration

Mass fraction of solute in solution - the ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution. (unit fractions / percent)

Solution concentration –

Molarity - number of moles of solute in 1 liter of solution.

ʋ - amount of substance (mol);

V is the volume of the solution (l);

Equivalent concentration (normality) - the number of solute equivalents in 1 liter of solution.

ʋ eq. - the number of equivalents;

V is the volume of the solution, l.

Expression of concentration of solutions.

Molar concentration (molality) - number of moles of solute per 1000 g of solvent.

G. P. Yatsenko

Slide 2

Solutions are homogeneous (homogeneous) systems consisting of two or more components and products of their interaction. The exact definition of the solution (1887 D.I. Mendeleev):

A solution is a homogeneous (homogeneous) system consisting of particles of a solute, a solvent and the products of their interaction.

Slide 3

Types of solutions

Solutions are subdivided:

• Molecular - aqueous solutions of non-electrolytes (alcohol solution of iodine, glucose solution).
• Molecular ionic - solutions of weak electrolytes (nitrous and carbonic acids, ammonia water).
• Ionic solutions are electrolyte solutions.