Presentation on the application of nanomaterials in computer science. Presentation "Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials" in chemistry - project, report. Presentation on the topic
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Presentation slides
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What is Nanotechnology?
These are several competing technologies for the production of radio electronics products with sizes of functional elements of the order of nanometers (10 to the minus ninth power, i.e. in fractions of a millimeter). The introduction of these technologies into military electronics will make it possible to obtain super-small samples of weapons (for example, homing bullets), or to dramatically increase the "intellectual" capabilities of guided weapons by giving them autonomous detection and recognition functions and, as a result, guaranteed hitting any targets. The introduction of nanotechnology into other types of military equipment will significantly increase their efficiency and expand the range of applications.
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There is another version
Nanotechnologies are technologies for working with matter at the level of individual atoms. Traditional production methods work with batches of a substance containing billions or more of atoms. This means that even the most accurate instruments made by man so far, at the atomic level, look like a jumbled mess. Moving from manipulating matter to manipulating individual atoms is a quantum leap that delivers unprecedented precision and efficiency.
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Medicine and Nanotechnology
In medicine, the problem of using nanotechnology is the need to change the structure of the cell at the molecular level, i.e. to carry out "molecular surgery" using nanobots. It is expected to create molecular robotic doctors that can "live" inside the human body, eliminating all damage that occurs, or preventing the occurrence of such. In reality, nanomedicine does not yet exist, there are only nanoprojects, the implementation of which in medicine, ultimately, will allow to reverse aging. Despite the current state of affairs, nanotechnology as a cardinal solution to the aging problem is more than promising
Slide 6
To achieve these goals, humanity needs to solve three main issues: 1. Design and create molecular robots that can repair molecules. 2. Design and create nanocomputers that will control nanomachines. 3. Create a complete description of all molecules in the human body, in other words, create a map of the human body at the atomic level. The main difficulty with nanotechnology is the problem of creating the first nanobot. There are several promising destinations
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State and Nanotechnology
The STATE has allocated 180 billion rubles for "support of nanotechnology". These funds are managed by the state corporation "Rosnanotech". It is controlled by the government. In this case, the profit from the activities of the State Corporation "Rosnanotech" is not subject to seizure and distribution by the government. In addition, Rosnanotech has been removed from the bankruptcy law. In the message of the President of the Russian Federation at the beginning of the economic crisis, it was said that the state would not spare funds for the development of nanotechnology, which shows the importance of this industry for the state.
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The corporation is allowed to spend any funds on the purchase of securities (in support of nanotechnology projects). She also has the right to invest free funds in any financial instruments. The size of such investments is approved by the supervisory board of Rosnanotech once a year. The supervisory board of the corporation (15 people: 5 deputies or senators, 5 members of the government or the presidential administration, 5 representatives of science, business or the Public Chamber) is appointed by the government and, in turn, appoints the general director of Rosnanotech for a five-year term. He also approves the board of the corporation on the recommendation of the CEO.
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Fantastic Prospects
Prospects for the development of nanotechnology in various industries. According to forecasts of the American Association National Science Foundation, the volume of the market for goods and services using nanotechnology may grow to $ 1 trillion. in the next 10-15 years: in industry, materials with high specified characteristics, which cannot be created in the traditional way, can occupy a $ 340 billion market in the next 10 years. in the semiconductor industry, the market for nanotechnology products may reach $ 300 billion in the next 10-15 years. in health care, the use of nanotechnology can help increase life expectancy, improve its quality and enhance human physical capabilities. in the pharmaceutical industry, about half of all production will depend on nanotechnology. The volume of products using nanotechnology will amount to more than $ 180 billion in the next 10-15 years.
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And also ... in the chemical industry, nanostructured catalysts are used in the production of gasoline and other chemical processes, with an approximate market growth of up to $ 100 billion. According to experts, the market for such goods is growing by 10% per year. in transport, the use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials will make it possible to create lighter, faster, more reliable and safer cars. The market for aerospace products alone could reach $ 70 billion by 2010. in agriculture and the environment, the use of nanotechnology can increase crop yields, provide more economic ways to filter water and accelerate the development of renewable energy sources such as high efficiency solar energy conversion. This will reduce environmental pollution and save significant funds. So, according to scientists' forecasts, the use of nanotechnology in the use of light energy in 10-15 years can reduce energy consumption in the world by 10%, provide a total saving of $ 100 billion and, accordingly, reduce harmful carbon dioxide emissions in the amount of 200 million tons.
Nanoscience is a body of knowledge about the properties of a substance on a nanometer * scale; nanomaterials materials containing structural elements, the geometrical dimensions of which in at least one dimension do not exceed 100 nm, and possessing qualitatively new properties, functional and operational characteristics; nanotechnology - the ability to purposefully create objects (with a predetermined composition, size and structure) in the range of approximately nm * 1 nanometer (nm) \u003d 10 -9 m
"Nanotechnology is a set of methods and techniques that provide the ability to controllably create and modify objects that include components with dimensions less than 100nm, at least in one dimension, and as a result, have received fundamentally new qualities that allow their integration into fully functioning large-scale systems; in a broader sense, this term also covers methods of diagnosis, characterology and research of such objects. " Federal Agency for Science and Innovation in the "Concept of development in the Russian Federation of works in the field of nanotechnology until 2010"
1959 - Richard Feynman: "There is a lot of space at the bottom ..." - pointed to the fantastic prospects that the production of materials and devices at the atomic and molecular level promises 1974 - Japanese scientist Taniguchi first used the term "nanotechnology" 1986 - American Drexler publishes the book "Creation Machines: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology"
1985 - identified a new form of carbon - clusters C60 and C70, called fullerenes (works of Nobel laureates N. Kroto, R. Kerlu, R. Smolli) - Japanese scientist S. Ishima discovered carbon nanotubes in the products of electric arc evaporation of graphite
... If instead of arranging the atoms in order of order, line by line, column by column, even instead of constructing intricate violet scent molecules out of them, if instead of this you arrange them in a new way each time, diversifying their mosaic, without repeating what has already happened - imagine how much extraordinary, unexpected can arise in their behavior. R. P. Feynman
When we talk about the development of nanotechnology, we usually mean three areas: the manufacture of electronic circuits (including volumetric ones) with active elements comparable in size to the size of molecules and atoms; development and manufacture of nanomachines, i.e. mechanisms and robots the size of a molecule; direct manipulation of atoms and molecules and the assembly of all that exists from them.
O photonic crystals, the behavior of light in which is comparable to the behavior of electrons in semiconductors. On their basis, it is possible to create devices with a speed of response higher than that of semiconductor analogs; o disordered nanocrystalline media for lasing and obtaining laser displays with a higher brightness (2-3 orders of magnitude higher than with conventional LEDs) and a wide viewing angle; o functional ceramics based on lithium compounds for solid-state fuel cells, rechargeable solid-state power sources, sensors of gas and liquid media for operation in harsh technological conditions; o quasicrystalline nanomaterials with a unique combination of increased strength, low friction coefficient and thermal stability, which makes them promising for use in mechanical engineering, alternative and hydrogen energy; o Main classes of nanomaterials and nanostructures
K structural nanostructured hard and durable alloys for cutting tools with increased wear resistance and impact toughness, as well as nanostructured protective thermo- and corrosion-resistant coatings; o polymer composites filled with nanoparticles and nanotubes with increased strength and low flammability; o biocompatible nanomaterials for creating artificial skin, fundamentally new types of dressings with antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity; o nanoscale powders with increased surface energy, including magnetic ones, for dispersion hardening of alloys, creating memory elements for audio and video systems, additives to fertilizers, feed, magnetic fluids and paints;
O organic nanomaterials with many properties inaccessible to inorganic substances. Organic nanotechnology based on self-organization makes it possible to create layered organic nanostructures, which are the basis of organic nanoelectronics and construct models of biomembranes of cells of living organisms for fundamental research of their functioning processes (molecular architecture); o polymer nanocomposite and film materials for nonlinear optical and magnetic systems, gas sensors, biosensors, multilayer composite membranes; o coating polymers for protective passivating, antifriction, selective, antireflection coatings; o polymer nanostructures for flexible screens; o two-dimensional ferroelectric films for non-volatile storage devices; o liquid crystal nanomaterials for highly informative and ergonomic types of displays, new types of liquid crystal displays (electronic paper).
Many properties of substances (melting point, gap width in semiconductors, residual magnetism) are mainly determined by the size of crystals in the nanometer range. This opens up the possibility of transition to a new generation of materials, the properties of which are changed not by changing the chemical composition of the components, but by regulating their size and shape.
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What is Nanotechnology? These are several competing technologies for the production of radio electronics products with sizes of functional elements of the order of nanometers (10 to the minus ninth power, i.e. in fractions of a millimeter). The introduction of these technologies into military electronics will make it possible to obtain super-small samples of weapons (for example, homing bullets), or to dramatically increase the "intellectual" capabilities of guided weapons by giving them autonomous detection and recognition functions and, as a result, guaranteed hitting any targets. The introduction of nanotechnology into other types of military equipment will significantly increase their efficiency and expand the range of applications.
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There is another version of Nanotechnology - this is a technology for working with matter at the level of individual atoms. Traditional production methods work with batches of a substance containing billions or more of atoms. This means that even the most accurate instruments made by man so far, at the atomic level, look like a jumbled mess. Moving from manipulating matter to manipulating individual atoms is a quantum leap that delivers unprecedented precision and efficiency.
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Medicine and Nanotechnology In medicine, the problem of using nanotechnology is the need to change the structure of the cell at the molecular level, i.e. to carry out "molecular surgery" using nanobots. It is expected to create molecular robotic doctors that can "live" inside the human body, eliminating all damage that occurs, or preventing the occurrence of such. In reality, nanomedicine does not yet exist, there are only nanoprojects, the implementation of which in medicine, ultimately, will allow to reverse aging. Despite the current state of affairs, nanotechnology as a cardinal solution to the aging problem is more than promising
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Slide Description:
Medicine and Nanotechnology To achieve these goals, humanity needs to solve three main issues: 1. Design and create molecular robots that can repair molecules. 2. Design and create nanocomputers that will control nanomachines. 3. Create a complete description of all molecules in the human body, in other words, create a map of the human body at the atomic level. The main difficulty with nanotechnology is the problem of creating the first nanobot. There are several promising destinations
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Slide Description:
The State and Nanotechnology The STATE has allocated 180 billion rubles for the "support of nanotechnology". These funds are managed by the state corporation "Rosnanotech". It is controlled by the government. In this case, the profit from the activities of the State Corporation "Rosnanotech" is not subject to seizure and distribution by the government. In addition, Rosnanotech has been removed from the bankruptcy law. In the message of the President of the Russian Federation at the beginning of the economic crisis, it was said that the state would not spare funds for the development of nanotechnology, which shows the importance of this industry for the state.
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Slide Description:
Government and Nanotechnology Corporation is allowed to spend any funds on the purchase of securities (in support of nanotechnology projects). She also has the right to invest free funds in any financial instruments. The size of such investments is approved by the supervisory board of Rosnanotech once a year. The supervisory board of the corporation (15 people: 5 deputies or senators, 5 members of the government or the presidential administration, 5 representatives of science, business, or the Public Chamber) is appointed by the government and, in turn, appoints the general director of Rosnanotech for a five-year term. He, on the recommendation of the general director, approves the board of the corporation.
Slide No. 9
Slide Description:
Fantastic Prospects Prospects for the development of nanotechnology in various industries. According to forecasts of the American Association National Science Foundation, the volume of the market for goods and services using nanotechnology may grow to $ 1 trillion. in the next 10-15 years: in the industry, materials with high specified characteristics, which cannot be created in the traditional way, can occupy a $ 340 billion market in the next 10 years. in the semiconductor industry, the market for nanotechnology products may reach $ 300 billion in the next 10-15 years. in health care, the use of nanotechnology can help increase life expectancy, improve its quality and enhance human physical capabilities. in the pharmaceutical industry, about half of all production will depend on nanotechnology. The volume of products using nanotechnology will amount to more than $ 180 billion in the next 10-15 years.
Slide No. 10
Slide Description:
Fantastic Prospects And also ... in the chemical industry, nanostructured catalysts are used in the production of gasoline and in other chemical processes, with an approximate market growth of up to $ 100 billion. According to experts, the market for such goods is growing by 10% per year. in transport, the use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials will make it possible to create lighter, faster, more reliable and safer cars. The market for aerospace products alone could reach $ 70 billion by 2010. in agriculture and the environment, the use of nanotechnology can increase crop yields, provide more economic ways to filter water and accelerate the development of renewable energy sources such as high efficiency solar energy conversion. This will reduce environmental pollution and save significant funds. So, according to scientists' forecasts, the use of nanotechnology in the use of light energy in 10-15 years can reduce energy consumption in the world by 10%, provide a total savings of $ 100 billion and, accordingly, reduce harmful carbon dioxide emissions in the amount of 200 million tons.
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Pupil 1 1 -B class
OSH / - /// steps No. 41
Kolosova Nikita Supervisor: physics teacher Minaeva I.A.
Nanotechnology: a place among other sciences
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Chemistry, atomic and nuclear physics
Astronomy
hair
dust mite
cell
continent
planets
Land
atoms
person
Social sciencies
Geology
Biology
You can make the nanoworld work for us !!!
Why is “nanotechnology” interesting?
bacteriophage
bacteriophage
Particle Au surrounded by smaller
Particle Au surrounded by smaller
Flu virus
Flu virus
Nanomir lives within us and works for us !!!
Mosaic from 1 nm C 60
The main stages in the development of nanotechnology:
1959 Nobel laureate Richard Feynman declares that in the future, having learned to manipulate individual atoms, mankind will be able to synthesize anything. 1981 Creation of a scanning tunneling microscope by Binig and Rohrer, a device that allows one to influence matter at the atomic level. 1982-85 Achieve atomic resolution. 1986 Creation of an atomic force microscope, which, unlike a tunnel microscope, allows interaction with any materials, not just conductive ones. 1990 Manipulation of single atoms. 1994 The beginning of the application of nanotechnological methods in industry.
Medicine .
Creation of molecular robotic doctors that would "live" inside the human body, eliminating or preventing all damage that occurs, including genetic damage. The implementation period is the first half of the XXI century.
Erythrocytes and bacteria - carriers of nanocapsules with drugs
A method of delivering nanoparticles with drugs or DNA fragments (genes) for the treatment of cells
Erythrocytes with nanocapsules glued to them, capable of adhering only to certain types of cells (sick), will deliver these capsules to the target cells.
Gerontology.
Achieving personal immortality of people by introducing molecular robots into the body that prevent cell aging, as well as restructuring and improving the tissues of the human body. Revitalization and healing of those hopelessly sick people who have been frozen at present by cryonics methods. Implementation period: third - fourth quarter of the XXI century.
Industry.
Replacing traditional manufacturing methods with molecular robots assembling commodities directly from atoms and molecules. Implementation period - the beginning of the XXI century
Nanotubes make polymer materials more durable
- The prospects for the use of nanotechnology in the automotive industry today are not entirely clear. However, it is encouraging that nanomaterials are already used in the automotive industry, although most of them are still in the design stage. Car manufacturers have already accumulated sufficient experience in this area.
Nanowires keep the surface clean.
Left - the drop does not wet the surface consisting of nanofibers and therefore does not spread over it. On the right is a schematic representation of a surface similar to a massage brush; theta is the contact angle, the value of which indicates the wettability of the surface: the more theta, the less wettability.
Agriculture.
Replacement of natural food producers (plants and animals) with similar functional complexes of molecular robots. They will reproduce the same chemical processes that occur in a living organism, but in a shorter and more efficient way.
For example, from the chain "soil - carbon dioxide - photosynthesis - grass - cow - milk" will remove all unnecessary links. Remains "soil - carbon dioxide - milk (cottage cheese, butter, meat). "Such" agriculture "will not depend on weather conditions and will not need hard physical labor. And its productivity will be enough to solve the food problem once and for all.
The implementation period is the second - fourth quarter of the 21st century.
Biology
It will become possible to introduce nanoelements into a living organism at the atomic level. The consequences can be very different - from the "restoration" of extinct species to the creation of new types of living things, biorobots. Implementation period: mid-XXI century.
Nanotechnology in Forensic Science.
Fingerprint on paper and the same after contrasting with gold nanoparticles adhered to greasy groove marks left on the paper.
Ecology
Complete elimination of the harmful effects of human activities on the environment.
- Firstly, due to the saturation of the ecosphere with molecular robotic nurses, which turn the waste of human activity into raw materials;
- And secondly, by transferring industry and agriculture to waste-free nanotechnological methods. Implementation period: mid-XXI century.
Space exploration
Apparently, the exploration of space by the "usual" order will be preceded by the exploration of it by nanorobots.
A huge army of robotic molecules will be released into near-earth space and prepare it for human settlement - make the Moon, asteroids, nearby planets habitable, and build space stations from "improvised materials" (meteorites, comets).
It will be much cheaper and safer than existing methods.
Cybernetics
There will be a transition from the currently existing planar structures to bulk microcircuits, the sizes of active elements will decrease to the size of molecules. The operating frequencies of computers will reach terahertz values. Circuit solutions based on neuron-like elements will become widespread. A high-speed long-term memory on protein molecules will appear, the capacity of which will be measured in terabytes. It will become possible "resettlement" of human intelligence into a computer. Implementation period: first - second quarter of the XXI century.
Flexible Nanotube Display.
flexible display matrix based on nanotubes;
flexible display featuring Leonardo de Vinci.
Safety of nanotechnology?
At least 300 types of consumer products, including sunscreens, toothpastes and shampoos, are made using nanotechnology. The FDA still allows them to be sold without a special “Contains nanoparticles” label. At the same time, many researchers argue that penetrating inside such nanoparticles can cause inflammatory or immunological reactions. Therefore, to some extent, as we enter the era of nanotechnology, we are putting ourselves in the shoes of guinea pigs.
Nanotechnology has long been around us
Antimicrobial coating of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles
Sheets with Ag nanoparticles for bactericidal and antifungal effects
Antimicrobial wound dressings with Ag nanoparticles with bactericidal action
Sunscreen with ZnO nanoparticles - non-sticky and transparent
Spray can of sterilizing suspension of Ag nanoparticles
Nanotechnology is the science and technology of creation,
manufacture, characterization and sale
materials and functional structures and
devices on atomic, molecular and
nanometer levels.
Nanomaterials - Materials created with
using nanoparticles or by
nanotechnology with any
unique properties due to
the presence of these particles in the material.
dramatic increase in productivity
computing systems
dramatic increase in bandwidth
communication channels
a sharp increase in information capacity and
quality of information display systems with
simultaneous reduction of energy consumption Nanotechnology and nanomaterials are designed to
solve the following problems in electronics:
a sharp increase in the sensitivity of sensory
devices and a significant expansion of the spectrum
measured values
creating highly economical
solid state lighting
significant increase in the specific gravity
use of electronic and optoelectronic
components in various technologies Nanotechnology
require a small amount
costs of energy, materials,
production and
warehouse premises. FROM
on the other hand, development
nanotechnology requires
high level of training
scientists, engineers and
technical workers and
also organizations
production. Key in the development of nanotechnology
the opening of the last half of XX
centuries associated with quantum
properties of micro- and nano-objects,
development of semiconductor
transistors and lasers, creating
diagnostic methods with atomic
resolution, the discovery of fullerenes,
the development of genomics and biotechnology. Modern applications
nanotechnology include:
creation of high-strength
nanocrystalline and
amorphous materials,
non-combustible
nanocomposites on
polymer base
nanoelectronic elements
and nanophotonics,
semiconductor,
transistors and lasers,
photodetectors, solar
elements, sensors, etc.
ultra-dense devices
recording information;
telecommunication,
information and
computing technologies,
supercomputers
molecular
electronic devices,
including
switches and
electronic circuits on
molecular level nanolithography and
nanoimprinting
devices micro and
nanomechanics, actuators
and transducers,
molecular motors and
nanomotors, nanorobots
nanochemistry and catalysis
(catalysts,
adsorbents,
molecular
filters and separators)
fuel cells,
electrical
batteries, etc.
converters
energy, devices for
energy storage
pharmaceuticals, biopolymers
and healing biological
tissues, clinical and
medical diagnostics,
creation of artificial
muscles, bones,
live organ implantation Quantum
supercomputer Hewlett-Packard recently officially announced
the existence of a strategy for the development of the nanoelectronic base, which
will form the basis of the future electronic computing
industry - production of computer chips based on
molecular nanoelectronics. Scientists from the Hewlett Packard company patented the production technology
microprocessors, which are based on non-silicon
crystals, as in modern processors, and molecular
chains. New technologies can fundamentally change:
Medicine
Energy
Biotechnology
Electronics
and other industries. In medicine, “golden
nanoparticles "- small
silicon particles coated
gold, or gold particles,
introduced into a cancerous tumor,
- when exposed to them
laser or microwave
radiation can find and
destroy cancer cells.
Successful
breast cancer tests
human. The shells of these particles
absorb energy
radiation and then
transform it into
thermal energy.
Energy
radiation
Thermal
energy Problems hindering development
nanotechnology:
Lack of demand
High cost
Disadvantage
qualifier
oval
personnel Scientists note:
“When will we learn
grow
human organs,
then probably
it will be possible to say
that we are far
advanced " Concept of development and mastering of nanotechnology
and nanomaterials in the Republic of Belarus
includes the following main tasks:
Create an interdepartmental
state body,
coordinating the development and development
nanotechnology and nanomaterials in
The Republic of Belarus and the network of national
nanotechnology platforms
Systematic training of engineering and
scientific personnel
Modernization of existing production facilities Development of nanotechnology
is carried out in the following areas:
Production
and repair
machines
agroindustrial
ennogo
complex
creation
textile,
sewing and
knitted
products
Agroindustries
shy
complex
Biotechnology Currently applied
the following forms of commercialization
nanotechnology:
the use of nanotechnology in production and
sale of the final;
creation of start-up companies;
sale of start-up companies to large
corporations;
conclusion of license agreements on
using the results of research and development work;
customized R&D. Analysis of the scientific and technical potential of the Republic
Belarus makes it possible to highlight the following
promising directions in the development and
commercialization of nanotechnology and production
nanotechnological products:
pharmaceuticals
nanomaterials
instrumentation
nanoelectronics and
Solar cells
sensorics and diagnostics
filters and
membranes In the structure of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, the active development and
sale of nanotechnological products,
belonging primarily to the category of scientific and
scientific and technical, carry out 7 scientific
organizations:
1) state scientific institutions "Physical and technical
Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus "
2) "B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy
Sciences of Belarus "
3) "Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences
Belarus "
4) "Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry of the National Academy
Sciences of Belarus "
5) "A. V. Lykov Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer
Of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus "
6) State Research and Production Association
powder metallurgy
7) GNPO "Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences
Belarus on Materials Science "