Presentation of the story of a New Year's toy. The presentation is the history of Soviet New Year's toys. How did Christmas tree decorations come about?

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Presentation work prepared by a primary school teacher based on the results of an excursion to a factory for the manufacture of Christmas tree decorations. Illustrating his story with photographs from the scene, the teacher talks about the production and history of Christmas tree decorations.

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pptx (powerpoint)

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Abarkina E.V.

The audience

The words

Abstract

Present

Purpose

To teach a lesson by a teacher

Slide 1

Christmas decorations are made by hand at the Iney factory. It is very time consuming and hard work, but at the same time it is extremely exciting. Even creating a simple Christmas ball or figurine requires a lot of effort. But first things first.

Slide 2

Let's walk through the workshops of the Christmas tree decorations factory and observe how ordinary glass tubes ...

Slide 3

... turns into multi-colored toys - an indispensable attribute of the New Year's holiday.

Slide 4

Blowing

The hardest work for glass blowers. They sit all day near the burner, melt glass tubes, and blow balls out of them. It is very hot in the workshop and there is unbearable noise from the working hood.

Slide 5

The glass tube must be melted as best as possible on the burner flame. Strange, but somehow glassblowers don't use gloves. Although the glass gets very hot

Slide 6

Then you need to quickly blow out the ball.

Slide 7

Then by eye to evaluate the received copy. If it turns out to be crooked - again into the fire, and again to blow. If everything is ok, put the balloon in the box.

Slide 8

To make a figurine, a hot ball is placed in pincers and inflated directly into them.

Slide 9

As a result of the work of glassblowers, transparent Christmas-tree figures are obtained, which are funny called - naked.

Slide 10

Metallization

And we move on to the next workshop, where the toys acquire a metallic sheen.

Slide 12

Glass blanks are inserted with tails into special tubes.

Slide 13

Then these tubes are put into the plating machine.

Why do you think there are cups in the car?

Slide 14

These cups are needed so that the Christmas balls acquire only half a metallic shine, and on the other side remain transparent. From such blanks, you can make, for example, a ball-aquarium: inside the ball there are algae from green rain and shiny fish.

Slide 15

The metalizing machine is very ancient, but it is protected in every possible way, since it was left alone at the enterprise. The second one broke.

And new equipment is very expensive.

How does it work?

Slide 16

Aluminum springs are attached to the top of the car. Inside, the temperature reaches 700 degrees. Steam is generated. The aluminum springs melt and the aluminum vapor settles on the Christmas tree decorations. The machine closes for an hour and a half and the drum rotates for an hour and a half so that the toys are evenly covered with a mirror-like metallic shine.

Slide 17

Painting

In this workshop, workers dip already metallized Christmas tree decorations into buckets of paint. And this is what happens:

Slide 18

If the ball on one side should remain transparent, then it is not completely dipped into a bucket of paint, but only from the opaque side.

Then the balls dry for a while.

Slide 19

Then a stencil with a pattern is taken.

A ball is laid there and with the help of a spray can of paint the stencil is transferred to the Christmas tree toy. On the ball, not a finished drawing is obtained, but only a layout, which the artists then paint.

Slide 21

That is why, after a walk through the factory in a toy store, customers have been picking out their balls and figurines for so long and meticulously. And one kid shouted: "Mom, I have chosen, I want this Santa Claus." “What is there to choose, they are all the same,” the mother was angry. "No, look, he winks at me, and the others - no."

Slide 22

The artists' hall is somewhat similar to a modern office. But instead of computers - boxes with toys, and instead of stationery - paints and brushes.

Slide 23

On the tables - gouache, acrylic paints, small beads, silver and golden powder.

Slide 24

The result is this beauty.

Slide 25

60s - 70s toys

Slide 26

70s toys

Slide 27

80s toys

Slide 28

Modern toy

Slide 29

Modern toy with rural landscape

Slide 30

Secrets of the production of Christmas decorations

The assortment is updated by 80% every year. And at number 5 there is always a toy with the symbol of the year. All this year, a ball was produced with the symbol of the next 2009 - a bull. Despite the fact that the year of the bull is just approaching, his kingdom ends at the factory of Christmas tree decorations. Immediately after the New Year - in January - a ball with a tiger will be launched into production, since 2010 is the year of the tiger. And the factory for the production of Christmas decorations has been working for the whole year only for the sake of one holiday.

Slide 31

GLASS - Handmade

Such an inscription with a hologram is on every toy, which is produced at the Pavlo-Posad factory of Christmas-tree decorations "Frost". But even without an inscription, any toy made here can be easily distinguished from the plastic Chinese balls with which all our stores are littered. It is strange, judging by how people are sweeping Chinese consumer goods off the shelves with excitement, there is still a demand for New Year's toys. The only pity is that large stores offer us something that costs them less and have little interest in quality.

The hand-made glass toy is different. She is very beautiful and original.

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Abstract

"New Year's toy"

The tale of how the Christmas tree toy appeared.

An old production - a Christmas tree decorations factory is located in the village of Danilovo, south of Pavlovsky Posad on the road to Kurovskoye. Once the village belonged to the Samarin landowners of Novaya Zagarsk, who, however, came here only in summer. All affairs were supervised by the manager. The peasants lived on their own economy, and also collected cranberries in the surrounding swamps, in the forests - mushrooms in huge baskets. They drove all this on carts to sell it to the bazaars in Pavlovo and Zagarye.

The artistic skills of the local population contributed to the fact that from the middle of the 19th century the craft began to develop in the village - the manufacture and painting of Christmas tree toys. The tree was set up for Christmas preceding the New Year. For the majority of the population of Russia, the New Year was a time of merry winter Christmas and children's holidays, so the Christmas tree toy had a “Christmastide” character. Christmas tree decorations were made picturesquely, brightly and decoratively. Decorating the tree itself became a family tradition, in which both children and adults took part. Gifts were collected for the Christmas tree, Christmas decorations were a welcome gift. Glass Christmas tree decorations have come into fashion since the middle of the 10th century. The peasants worked at home and used simple burners for blowing out, into which the wick was tightly packed. Kerosene was fed through it from the lower tank. To create a high-temperature flame from homemade leather furs, compressed air was pumped using the legs. The toys were blown out of glass tubes of various lengths and diameters. Before work, the dart was sorted and cut by hand using a knife or stone by the glassblower himself.

Often, the whole family was engaged in the manufacture of glass Christmas tree decorations, the art of glass blower and painter was inherited. The growing demand increased the number of individual handicraftsmen making glass Christmas tree decorations. Owners appeared who set up small industries in their homes, where hired workers worked, who blew and painted glass Christmas tree decorations.

Glassblowers and painters began to unite in artels and small factories. The crewmen copied pre-revolutionary toys, created new ones. In the 60s - 70s on toys, in addition to the usual plots, they depicted the Moscow Kremlin, space ships, Kremlin stars.

The current enterprise "Iney" is a specialized production of Christmas tree decorations. The company preserves and develops the unique traditions of the craft, which was formed in pre-revolutionary times; the tradition of hand-made Christmas tree toys by blowing and hand painting is preserved here.

The profession of a glassblower is original, training takes place only at the enterprise, mastering this work requires time and certain abilities. The work of the glass blower behind the burner is the miraculous transformation of a glass tube into a ball, figurine, top, bell, etc. Currently, the plant employs over a dozen glass blowers. Over the years, whole dynasties have formed in this profession: the Knyazevs, Buzins, Zhuravlevs, Frolovs and others.

About thirty painters are engaged in artistic painting of toys. Kuzmins, Rumyantsevs, Demidkins and others have been working for generations. When painting glass Christmas-tree balls, various figures, multicolor brush brushstroke painting is used, with decorative trim in various materials. Snowflakes, Santa Claus and Snow Maiden are now depicted on the balls as before; rural landscapes are very popular - trees, a church, houses, smoke over the chimney. Also, many toys are produced with the symbols of the year according to the eastern horoscope: depending on the year, funny goat, rooster, monkey, pig, bull are depicted on the balls.

The enterprise keeps samples of products manufactured in previous years, these samples serve as a methodological guide for young painters. Old subjects, traditional ornaments, sculptures of figurines are used by the masters of the plant when creating new products. Master-artists pay great attention to the natural possibilities of glass, various ways of decorating it. Glare play brightly on the smooth shiny surface of glass products, with the help of toys, the fabulousness, mystery of the New Year's holiday is created.

The message was prepared based on the materials of E.V. Zhukova

"New Year's toy"

... (Folk craft of the village of Danilovo)

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Slide captions:

story of Christmas toys

How Christmas tree decorations appeared In the distant past, all Christmas tree decorations were edible - waffle and sugar figures, nuts, fruits and vegetables, sweets.

How Christmas tree decorations came to be. Toys were also made from rags, straw and colored ribbons.

How Christmas tree decorations appeared In the 18th century, colorful paper flowers and angels appeared. They gilded nuts and cones, painted eggshells, wove chains.

How Christmas tree decorations appeared At the beginning of the 20th century, Christmas trees were decorated with cotton toys and paper garlands. Cotton toys were made of twisted pressed cotton, which was wound on skeletal skeletons in the form of animals and people. The painted blanks were covered with starch paste with mica, which made them hard and slightly shiny.

How Christmas tree decorations appeared By the middle of the 20th century, the assortment of Christmas tree decorations had become very rich, although they were made from less efficient materials than today. But a lot of imagination was put into them. Various birds and animals were stamped from silvered cardboard.

How Christmas tree decorations appeared In the second half of the 20th century, the first Christmas balls were made in Russia from transparent or colored glass. Silver and gold dust was used to paint Christmas tree decorations. Each toy is handmade.

How Christmas tree decorations arose The fantasy of glassblowers knew no bounds: they made birds, Santa Clauses, grapes, as well as all sorts of things - whoever comes to mind: jugs, pipes, in which you could even play a pipe. Christmas tree decorations changed according to fashion.

How Christmas tree decorations came into being Produced toys depicting technology

How did Christmas tree decorations appear in the form of fruits and vegetables?

How Christmas tree decorations appeared in the form of space satellites and astronauts

How Christmas tree decorations appeared in the form of Santa Claus and the Snow Maiden

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