Embroidery technology presentation. Presentation "history of embroidery". Cross stitching technology

The presentation acquaints students with the history of the origin of embroidery, talks about the features of cross stitching.
Using it in embroidery lessons, we develop children's interest in this type of needlework, bring up an aesthetic taste,

a sense of beauty and respect for Russian folk traditions.

Download:

Preview:

To use the preview of presentations, create yourself a Google account (account) and log into it: https://accounts.google.com


Slide captions:

Cross stitch The presentation was prepared by the teacher of technology MBOU Krasnopoimskaya secondary school Poluyanova Irina Vladimirovna

Purpose: To acquaint students with the history of the emergence of embroidery, tell about the features of cross-stitching. Develop interest in this type of needlework. To educate an aesthetic taste, a sense of beauty, respect for Russian folk traditions.

Embroidery is one of the most favorite and widespread types of needlework. The history of its origin goes back centuries. At different times, animal veins, threads of flax, hemp, cotton, wool, silk were used as material for embroidery, and natural hair was also used.

In our country, since ancient times, embroidery has been used to decorate clothes, shoes, horse harness, dwellings, and household items.

The best preserved items of the 19th century. In those days, embroidery was conditionally subdivided into urban and peasant (folk). Urban embroidery was influenced by Western fashion and did not have a strong tradition. Narodnaya was inextricably linked with the ancient customs and rituals of the Russian peasantry.

By the age of 13-15, peasant girls had to prepare a dowry for themselves: embroidered tablecloths, valances, hats, towels. Before the wedding, a public display of the dowry was arranged as a testament to the bride's hard work and skill. The bride presented her products to the groom's relatives.

In peasant families, clothes were made from homespun linen and woolen fabrics. She was decorated not only with embroidery, but also with lace, braid, inserts of colored chintz.

Since pagan times, women embroiderers have created scenes of everyday life in their embroidery paintings. Most often, bed covers (sheets), the ends of which hung from the beds, were decorated with embroidery, as well as towels, tablecloths, curtains, wedding and festive shirts, canvas sundresses, hats, and scarves.

In Christian times, it became customary to decorate icons, mirrors and windows with embroidered towels. At a wedding, carnival, at the birth or death of a person, embroidered towels were a sacred amulet.

Originating in antiquity, the art of embroidery has been constantly improving over the centuries. Over time, individual figures changed, became more complex, combined with other forms, creating patterns-drawings. This is how ornaments arose - the sequential repetition of individual patterns or their groups.

Modern options for the location of ornaments on a particular product depend on its purpose, size and shape.

The cross is one of the easiest types of embroidery to master. Interesting geometric patterns are easily embroidered with a cross. The cross refers to countable types of embroidery. They are embroidered on fabrics on which it is easy to count the threads.

The most common embroidery is a simple cross - when the stitches are located along the diagonal lines of the cell and intersect in the center.

There are many options for cross stitching: Semi-cross Elongated cross Elongated cross with stitching Slavic cross Double cross “Star” cross Leviathan cross (Bulgarian) Rice stitch

Over the centuries, embroiderers have experimented with suitable materials, developing and improving their art, drawing inspiration from the world around them, from art, from ornaments from other times and cultures. Fashion for various types of embroidery appears and disappears, but the main types remain unchanged.

Sources of information: Ivanova A.A .: Manual embroidery: - Moscow, Academy, 2007. Rozman G.I .: I embroider pictures with a cross. - M., 2006. Materials from the site www.vishivka-st.ru Materials from the site ru. wikipedia. org Pictures from the resource www.yandex.ru


Embroidery history

  • Embroidery is one of the most popular and popular types of needlework.
  • In the old days in Russia, all women owned this art.
  • A girl of seven or eight years old began to prepare a dowry for herself, and by the age of fifteen or sixteen she should have had festive and everyday clothes, tablecloths, valances, towels, which should have been enough for several years.
  • Particular attention in Russian embroidery was paid to geometric patterns, plants, animals
  • The sun was depicted in the form of a rhombus, circle, rosette - a symbol of warmth, life; a female figure and a flowering tree personified fertility, a bird symbolized the arrival of spring
  • Our Russia is great, And our people are talented, About artisans - craftsmen For the whole world
  • word of mouth goes.
The embroidery was performed
  • linen threads
  • woolen threads
  • silk threads
  • metal (gold
  • and silver) threads
  • hair
  • beads
  • pearls
  • sequins, sometimes in combination with sewn precious stones, coins
Tools and materials
  • Cloth, floss, needles, thimble, scissors, hoops, pencil, tape measure, carbon paper
Occupational Safety and Health
  • Labor is very important
  • Sometimes unsafe.
  • You must know the rules
  • Safety to observe.
  • In order for the embroidered pattern to be neat from the front and back, the work should be done without knots.
  • The beginning of the working thread can be secured in different ways.
Attaching the thread to the fabric
  • fold the ends of the thread together
  • thread the needle with folded ends
  • sew a small stitch at the beginning
  • work so that the tip is in the form of a loop
  • remained on the right side of the fabric
  • thread the needle through the loop and tighten
Forward seam
  • A forward seam is made in a straight or curved line by moving the needle from right to left.
  • A seam is a series of stitches of the same size, with intervals of the same size.
Lace seam
  • The seam is performed in two steps:
  • a) put the seam stitches forward to the needle.
  • b) a needle with thread (usually of a different color) is brought under each stitch from top to bottom, without piercing the fabric.
Depending on how the needle and thread are inserted under the stitches, different types of seams are obtained. Back stitch seam
  • A "back to the needle" or "by the needle" stitch is a continuous row of equal-sized stitches from right to left.
  • The needle is inserted at the end of the previous stitch, and brought out to the front side to the left of the second stitch at the same distance. Thus, the purl stitch is 2 times longer than the front stitch.
Stalk seam
  • This is a continuous row of oblique stitches that fit tightly together.
  • Runs from left to right
Stitch embroidery
  • The thread is directed downward and pressed with the thumb of the left hand
  • Skip 2 mm and insert the needle into the fabric
  • Bring out at the end of the previous stitch
Tambour seam
  • It is possible that the name "chain stitch" came from the method of embroidery on fabric stretched over a hoop, like a tambourine on a tambourine. And they were embroidering with a hook, placing a skein of yarn under the hoop and pulling the loops of the thread with the crochet from the inside out onto the face. On the surface of the fabric, patterns of a row of loops formed - what we now call a chain stitch. Subsequently, they learned how to perform this seam with a needle
  • A tambour stitch is a continuous row of loops extending from one another.
  • Performed from top to bottom (on oneself)
Tambour
  • The thread is directed downwards and forms a loop
  • Insert the needle into the loop
  • Withdraw the needle through
Securing the last chain stitch
  • The needle is inserted into the fabric behind the loop (under the loop)
  • Label - designation of belonging of a given item or clothing to a specific person, for example, the initials or name of the owner of the item.
  • A monogram is a ligature of the initial letters of the first and last name. These are not only tags, but also the decoration of the product.
We embroider ourselves







MATERIALS AND DEVICES. What you need for embroidery: a hoop for stretching the fabric: the tighter the fabric is stretched, the easier it is to embroider on it. There are specialized rectangular embroidery frames and traditional round hoops in various sizes; fabric: a special fabric for embroidery is best suited - canvas or any fabric with an even weave of threads;


Materials and accessories special twisted cotton threads for cross stitching are called floss. You can use woolen or silk threads. Before starting work, prepare all the colors you need for the motif, so as not to waste time searching while embroidering. Usually they embroider with a thread folded in half, but for especially thin fabrics (for example, for handkerchiefs) it is better to take a single thread; any needle for embroidery is suitable: if you are embroidering on the canvas, it is better to use a needle with a blunt point, then the threads will not split; scissors. Cross-stitch motifs are always supplied with patterns. In this scheme, each color is assigned a number or badge. If a large area is embroidered with one color, then it is simply painted over in the corresponding color. Each square on the diagram represents one cross. Before starting work, you need to find the middle of the fabric and mark it with a cross.


Preparation for work. Preparing the floss From the entire collection of embroidery threads, separate those that will be used in this work. Put them in envelopes or bags with a floss-pak lock, sign the thread number and the corresponding symbol. In the process of cutting the threads, put in the appropriate bags. Graders and floss holders can be of great help in the work. Preparing the scheme If possible, remove a copy from the scheme, the embroidery process is quite long and during this time the scheme can be torn, dirty, lost, at last, and so you will always have a backup copy. If you cannot make a copy of the diagram (there is no color copier or it is copy-protected), then put it in a transparent file, and glue the folds with transparent tape to avoid rubbing.




A bit of history. Cross-stitching is a simple science, you just need to be patient and time consuming. Embroidery has been known in Russia from time immemorial; curtains, tablecloths, towels, shirts, sundresses, etc. were decorated with cross-stitch embroidery. modern technologies greatly facilitate the work, and the variety of shades and schemes allows you to create vivid and original pictures. Christmas motifs offer hundreds of cross stitch ideas: tablecloths and napkins for the festive table, pillows, framed pictures, socks for gifts, and so on.


How to embroider correctly. If a colored pattern has already been applied to the fabric, then you just have to sew up the multi-colored squares with a thread of the appropriate color. Embroidery according to the symbolic scheme is somewhat more complicated: for each scheme there is a decoding of which thread color corresponds to each symbol, now look at the canvas, it is all divided into cells (for a canvas like Aida) or there is a clear uniform interlacing of threads, which can also be represented as squares, in each of which should "insert" only one cross. Thus, you need to select a symbol on the diagram, insert the corresponding thread color into the needle and embroider in one color, moving from one cross to another. Often, embroiderers cross out already embroidered places on the diagram with a pencil or felt-tip pen, which helps them to better navigate the diagram. Working with perforated paper requires special care: since this paper (although thick) cannot be washed or wrinkled, the coating of metallized paper can begin to peel off if handled carelessly. A thread of floss is a skein (usually its length is 8 m, but it can vary depending on the manufacturer and type), consisting of 6 separate threads. Crosses are embroidered in several threads, the number of folds may be different.


Thread Fasteners Never make knots when embroidering. When starting to embroider, the thread can be secured in 2 ways: The thread is fastened under the stitches, both at the beginning of embroidery and at the end to hide the tip. Used when embroidering with an even number of threads. The thread is folded in half, the ends folded together are threaded into the eye of the needles and the first stitch is made without pulling the thread from the fabric to the end, the working thread is passed into the resulting loop and tightened, driving the needle into the fabric. The attachment point remains completely invisible. Other needlewomen, who take their work very seriously, start and finish the threads under the crosses. This turns out to be a very neat wrong side, but, alas, it will take much more time. Cotton thread for work is usually taken elbow length, metal is shorter because of their constant tangling.

Description of the presentation for individual slides:

1 slide

Slide Description:

2 slide

Slide Description:

Introduction Cross stitch is one of the oldest types of needlework, which is carried away by many men and women around the world. And this is not surprising, because all that is needed for embroidery is patience, patience and more patience. Embroidery is a kind of needlework that is created for many years, making your home warm and cozy, delighting and attracting the interest of others.

3 slide

Slide Description:

From the history of cross-stitching The history of cross-stitching goes back far into the depths of the centuries, when the first stitch appeared, made by primitive people when fastening the skin of a dead mammoth. The material for cross stitching was: animal veins, threads of flax, cotton, hemp, silk, wool, and natural hair was also used. The most ancient embroideries that have survived to this day are dated by scientists to the 6th-5th centuries BC. In Russia, embroidery was used to decorate shoes, clothes, dwellings, horse harness, and household items.

4 slide

Slide Description:

Project idea Embroidered paintings are one of those interior decor elements that will never go out of fashion. Embroidered paintings are valuable also because they bring not only external beauty, but much more - the warmth of skilled hands, love, positive warm energy. You can decorate any room in the apartment with embroidered paintings - kitchen, living room, bedroom and even nursery. The main thing is that the picture (both the frame and the drawing) harmoniously fit into the style of the interior both in color and in subject matter

5 slide

Slide Description:

Cross stitching technology Cross stitching is embroidered on fabrics on which the warp threads are clearly visible. One cross stitch should completely fill one small square of fabric. Linen and cotton mercerized threads and floss of different colors are used for embroidery. Neat and secure thread fastening is the basis of embroidery. There are simple requirements for this important aspect of embroidery:  no knots,  at the end of embroidery with thread, fasten it at least under 4-5 stitches on the wrong side,  cut the already fixed end of the thread close to the fabric. It will be easier to achieve perfect crosses if you adhere to some rules:  do not use too long thread,  make sure that the top stitches are always directed in one direction ("/" is the bottom stitch, "\\" is the top stitch).

6 slide

Slide Description:

Materials and tools To carry out manual embroidery, very simple tools are needed: needles, a thimble, scissors, a measuring tape, a hoop, and fabric. For cross stitching, it is most convenient to use a canvas. They are embroidered with different threads: iris, floss, staple, silk, woolen, reel.

7 slide

Slide Description:

Safety instructions It is very important to pay attention to the workplace when embroidering. It is best to equip it by the window, because you need good lighting during work, this will allow you to preserve your vision. In the dark, be sure to use a desk lamp. Safety rules when working with piercing and cutting tools: 1) do not stick the needle into clothes during work or do not leave it at the workplace; 2) the needle should always be with a thread, if you lose it, you should immediately look for it; 3) do not bite off the thread with your teeth, but cut it off with scissors; 4) do not sew with a rusty needle; 5) pass the scissors rings forward; 6) do not put needles in your mouth; 7) store the scissors in stacks, and the needles in the needle bar.

8 slide

Slide Description:

Calculation of the cost of the product No. Used materials Price (rubles) Consumption Costs (rubles) 1 "Aida" canvas No. 16, white 50 1pc 50 2 Wooden hoops, diameter 20cm 165 1pc 165 3 Tapestry needles No. 22 (set of 5pcs) 35 1pc 7 4 Thimble 40 1 pc 40 5 Measuring tape 15 1 pc 15 6 Embroidery pattern 30 1 pc 30

9 slide

Slide Description:

Environmental Expertise Let's list the components required for work. These include: threads, canvas, hoops and needles for work. In this work, I use Russian-made threads from the "Gamma" company. This beautiful beech wood hoop is made in India. Needles - made of high-alloy steel - Russian-made, for long-term use. From the above, it follows that the main components for embroidery do not harm nature, neither during production, nor during operation. They do not cause allergies, do not irritate human eyesight and hearing.

Cross-stitch

Completed by a student of grade 7 "B"

Klimentova Viana


1. Make an embroidery "Horse"

1. Learn the history of embroidery;

2. To study the types of embroidery;

3. Describe in detail the embroidery process;


Introduction

Embroidery is one of the most widespread types of folk art.

Embroidery technique, individual for each nationality.



The history of the emergence of embroidery, the origins of which date back to more than 3 thousand years BC, and like many other branches of art and science, the East was its cradle. ... In the East, embroideries were traditionally used to decorate household utensils, carpets, capes. A feature of oriental embroidery is the variety of colors used and the complexity of the ornament. The Great Silk Road contributed to the spread of embroidery in Europe



Stitch embroidery

Stitch embroidery is a type of embroidery in which stitches are applied to the fabric, completely filling the surface of the fabric. This technique uses various types of seams and techniques.

Stalk seam

Narrow satin stitch seam

Chain seam


Beadwork

Bead embroidery is a kind of needlework, it has been known since ancient times.

Securing a single bead

Seam "Forward the needle"

Lowercase seam

Stalk seam

Arched seam ("Back to the needle")


Cross-stitch

Cross stitch is a method of embroidering a pattern on a canvas using a needle and colored floss threads or other embroidery threads, including woolen threads, using a full cross or half cross technique.

Simple cross

Elongated cross with stitching

Asterisk seam

Seam leviathan


Richelieu embroidery

Richelieu embroidery is the most famous type of openwork embroidery, which is distinguished by its beauty and sophistication. This embroidery is used to create gorgeous napkins, tablecloths, bed linen and garment trimmings.

Ironing roller

Buttonhole seam



Embroidery technology

Scheme of my work


Materials and tools

I bought a ready-made embroidery. Which already includes: threads, canvas and diagram. Separately, I purchased a special needle: it is blunt, with a large eye and also a hoop. The hoop is much easier to work with because the fabric is taut.


Safety regulations

When working, you should follow several safety rules:

  • use tools carefully;
  • do not stick a needle into clothing during work or leave it in the workplace;
  • the needle should always be with a thread, if you lose it, you must immediately look for it (for this it is useful to have a magnet, with its help you can easily find a fallen needle);
  • do not sew with a rusty needle;
  • store needles in a needle bed;
  • do not put the needle in the mouth;
  • do not bite off the thread with your teeth, but cut it off with scissors;

Embroidery technique

Step 1. Lay out the canvas, hoop, needle, thread that you will need in the near future on the table.

Step 2. Find the center of the canvas, also find the center of the drawing


Tip: you can start from the sides, from the bottom, from the top, where there are many of the same color.

Tip: Woolen threads are very torn! Don't pull them too hard!

Step 3: You need to embroider in one direction (it looks more beautiful this way)

Step 4. Embroider according to the scheme







Cost calculation

Material

Ready embroidery

Hoop (small)


From this work, I learned a lot about embroidery: about its types, history, etc.

I really liked to embroider, for this you need patience, patience and again patience, and of course, you need perseverance. Children from 7 years old, women and even men can learn embroidery. There are a lot of people all over the world who love to embroider. These beautiful works are not that expensive.



  • http: // vilushka.ru/krestik.html
  • http: // www.liveinternet.ru/users/nadyamaryashina/post218377441
  • Cross-stitch
  • http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretch_Embroidery
  • http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Beadwork
  • http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape_Embroidery