Works of arts and crafts and design presentation. Decorative and applied arts and its types - presentation to the lesson on technology (grade 5) on the topic. The history of the development of applied arts
Decorative and applied arts (from lat.deco
- decorate) - a wide section of fine art
art that covers various industries
creative activityaimed at
creature art products with utilitarian
and artistic functions. Collective
term conventionally combines two broad genus
arts: decorative and applied. Unlike
from works of fine art,
intended for aesthetic enjoyment and
related to pure art,
numerous manifestations of decorative and applied creativity can have a practical
use in everyday life.
The history of the development of applied arts
Decorative and applied arts already existed inearly stage of development human society and throughout
for many centuries was the most important, and for a number of tribes and
nationalities main area artistic creation.
The oldest works of arts and crafts
are characterized by exceptional content of images, attention
to the aesthetics of the material, to the rational construction of form,
highlighted by the decor. In traditional folk art, this
the trend has continued to this day.
With the beginning of the class stratification of society, more and more
interest in the richness of material and decor, in their
rarity and sophistication. Products that serve
purposes of representativeness (items for cult rituals or
court ceremonies, for the decoration of the houses of the nobility), in which
for the sake of increasing their emotional sound, the master often
sacrifice the practicality of building a form.
Characteristics of arts and crafts:
have aesthetic quality;designed for artistic
the effect;
serve to decorate everyday life and
interior.
Classification of branches of arts and crafts:
by material (metal, ceramics,textiles, wood);
according to the technique of execution (carving,
painting, embroidery, printing, casting,
chasing, intarsia, etc.);
by functional characteristics
use of the item (furniture,
toys).
Sewing - creating stitches and seams on the material
using a needle and thread, fishing line, etc. Sewing one
from the oldest production technologies,
originated in the Stone Age.
Floristry - production of women
fabric jewelry in the form of flowers
Patchwork (patchwork sewing), patchwork
quilt - patchwork technique, patchwork
mosaic, textile mosaic - kind
needlework, in which, according to the principle
mosaics are sewn into one piece from
pieces of fabric.
Quilted products, quilting -
stitched through two pieces of fabric and
a layer of batting placed between them, or
cotton wool.
Types of arts and crafts:
Embroidery is an artdecorate with a variety of patterns
all kinds of fabrics and materials,
from the roughest and densest, like,
eg: broadcloth, canvas, leather, up
the finest fabrics - cambric,
muslin, gas, tulle, etc.
Tools and materials for
embroidery: needles, threads, hoops,
scissors.
Types of arts and crafts:
Knitting - processmanufacture of products from
continuous threads by
bending them into loops and
connecting the hinges with each other
friend with the help
uncomplicated tools
manually or on
special car.
Types of arts and crafts:
Artistic processingleather - made from leather
various items like
household and decorative and artistic purposes.
Types of arts and crafts:
Weaving - production of fabric onlooms, one of
the most ancient human crafts.
Types of arts and crafts:
Carpet weaving - productioncarpets.
Types of arts and crafts:
Burning out - to the surface of anyorganic material with a red-hot
a drawing is applied to the needle.
Woodburning
Burnout on fabric
(guilloche) - technique
handicrafts, implying finishing
products with openwork lace and
making applications by burning
using a special apparatus.
Other materials
Hot stamping - technology
artistic product labeling
by hot stamping.
Wood treatment with acids
Types of arts and crafts:
Artistic carving is one ofmost ancient and widespread
types of materials processing.
Stone carving - process
forming the desired shape,
which is carried out
by drilling,
polishing, grinding,
sawing, engraving, etc.
Bone carving - view
arts and crafts
art.
Wood carving
Types of arts and crafts:
Painting on porcelain, glassTypes of arts and crafts:
Mosaic - shapingimages through
layout, set and
anchoring to
multicolored surface
stones, smalt,
ceramic tiles and
other materials.
Types of arts and crafts:
Stained glass - artworkdecorative arts
fine or
ornamental character from
colored glass, designed for
through lighting and
to be filled
opening, most often a window, in
any architectural
construction.
Types of arts and crafts:
Decoupage - decorativeequipment for fabrics, dishes,
furniture, etc.,
consisting in
scrupulous cutting
images from paper,
which are then pasted
or attached otherwise
way to different
surfaces for
decorating.
Types of arts and crafts:
Modeling, sculpture,ceramic
floristry - giving
forms plastic
material with hands
and subsidiary
tools.
Types of arts and crafts:
Weaving is a way of making more rigidstructures and materials made of less durable
materials: threads, plant stems, fibers,
bark, twigs, roots and other similar soft
raw materials.
Bamboo - bamboo weaving.
Birch bark - weaving from the upper bark of a birch.
Beads, beading - creating jewelry,
artistic products made of beads, in which, in
unlike other techniques where it is applied,
beads are not only decorative
element, but also constructive and technological.
Basket
Lace - decorative elements made of fabric and
thread.
Macrame - technique knotted weave. Vine - the craft of making wicker
vines: household utensils and containers of various
destination.
Mat - weaving flooring flooring from any
rough material, mat, matting.
-Painting:
Gorodets painting - Russian folk
artistic craft. Bright, laconic
painting (genre scenes, figurines of horses, roosters,
floral patterns), made with a free stroke with
white and black graphic outline, decorated
spinning wheels, furniture, shutters, doors.
Polkhov-Maidan painting - production
painted lathe products - matryoshka dolls,
Easter eggs, mushrooms, salt shakers, cups, supplies -
lavishly decorated with luscious ornamental and
plot painting. Among the picturesque motives
the most common are flowers, birds, animals,
rural and urban landscapes.
Mezen wood painting - type of painting
household utensils - spinning wheels, ladles, boxes, brothers.
Zhostovo painting - folk craft
artistic painting of metal trays. Semyonovskaya painting - production
wooden toys with painting.
Khokhloma - old Russian folk
craft, born in the XVII century in the district
Nizhny Novgorod
Stained glass painting - hand-painted by
glass, imitation of stained glass.
Batik - hand-painted on fabric with
using reserve trains.
Cold batik - Technics
painting on fabric uses
special reserve
composition cold.
Hot batik - the pattern is created with
with melted wax or
other similar substances.
Types of arts and crafts:
Scrapbooking - designphoto albums.
Types of arts and crafts:
Clay molding to create shapes andobjects made of clay.
Can be sculpted with
potter's wheel or
hands.
Among the objects that surround us in everyday life, there are amazingly beautiful, created by the hands of artists. They belong to the field of arts and crafts, covering the creation of artistic products that have a utilitarian (useful, practical) purpose.
Pattern WeavingEmbroideryLace weavingKnittingWood paintingFabric paintingKing weavingPatchwork
In the old days, fabric was made at home on weaving looms with simple plain weave. Hence the name of the fabric - homespun cloth. The edges of towels, belts, ribbons, braid, paths, elements of clothing were woven with a more complex small-patterned weave using colored threads. This weaving was called patterned.
Embroidery is the brightest, most diverse and fascinating kind of artistic creation. In the old days, they embroidered on a homespun cloth with counting (by counting the threads of the fabric) and through (along a sparse cloth) seams.
Lace is amazingly beautiful, woven from thin threads on bobbins (wooden sticks). All the main images are made with a dense continuous, uniform in width, linen braid "vilyushka". Products are weaved for home interior decoration - lace tablecloths, napkins, runners, as well as for women of fashion - unique lace capes, vests, jackets, blouses, tunics, headscarves and scarves.
You can knit and crochet from yarn of various thicknesses and fibrous composition. Knit products such as scarves, hats, scarves, sweaters, mittens, socks.
Khokhloma (wooden dishes and furniture, black and red paint with the addition of green and yellow). Gorodets painting (done with a free stroke with white and black outlines on a clean wooden background).
The technique is based on the use of a wax-based reserving compound. This composition, applied to the fabric, does not let the paint pass through, so that certain areas of the fabric are not stained. The material for batik is silk, cotton, woolen and synthetic fabrics stretched over a stretcher. With special tools (glass tubes and brushes), a reserve is applied, and then the paint corresponding to the fabric.
BATIK Ancient view arts and crafts. From multi-colored patches you can get: vests, skirts, bags, blankets, pillows, bedspreads. To create a patchwork product, you need to learn how to sew separate patterns (for example, "spiral", "hut").
RIPPED CARPET Weaving Quilling salt dough sculpting is the art of twisting long and narrow paper strips into a spiral, modifying their shape and composing various compositions from the resulting parts, both voluminous and flat. BEAD WEAVING Macrame is a type of needlework based on weaving knots. PAINTING ON GLASS Mosaic, represents a special kind visual arts, in which the pattern is reproduced when the pieces of any solid material are arranged, fastened together and with the base by one or another binder. EGG SHELL MOSAIC AUTHOR'S DOLL CARVING AND WEAVING ON BIRCH TYPES TraditionalKnittingKnittingPaintingCarvingCeramicWeaving ModernBeadingQuillingBatic
On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Social adaptation of children from educational institutions of type VII in the classroom of decorative and applied arts
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Methodical development of the lesson "Chuvash national costume, as one of the types of arts and crafts."
the lesson is devoted to acquaintance with the Chuvash national costume, the history of the appearance of a rag doll ...
Natalia Orekhova
Presentation of arts and crafts
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution kindergarten № 8 "The Scarlet Flower"Project «»
Educator:
Orekhova Natalia Mikhailovna
2015-2016 y.
"The most high view arts, the most talented, the most ingenious is the folk art, that is, what is captured by the people is preserved, that the people have carried through the centuries. " M. I. Kalinin.
Relevance of the project
Work on the upbringing and development of national feelings in children, a sense of pride in their ancestors, respect for the history and traditions of their native land, a sense of national identity.
Characteristics of the project
Cognitive - creative
Long term (November - March)
Group
Participants: educator, children, parents
goal:
Summarize children's knowledge about arts and crafts.
To develop in children a cognitive interest in Russian folk art. Summarize the results of the collective creative activity of children and parents. Teachers during the project
Tasks:
Educational: To educate children to love Russian applied arts... To cultivate love for folk art. To foster respect for the work of folk craftsmen. Foster aesthetic and ethical feelings. Foster curiosity; teach to work independently and creatively; Encourage parents to work actively, to the problem of the formation of aesthetic and moral qualities in children.
Developing: Development of cognitive activity of children. Develop a sense of color, compositional skills. Develop attention, thinking, creative imagination, visual memory, the ability to analyze.
Educational: To acquaint children with folk crafts. Introduce children to decorative and applied arts - Dymkovo, Khokhloma, Gorodets, Gzhel painting. Arouse children's interest in folk art. Strengthen the ability to expressively read poetry, perform songs. Learn to understand the figurative meaning of riddles. Strengthen the ability to combine movement and speech. To teach to see the beauty and originality of Dymkovo, Khokhloma, Gorodets, Gzhel painting. Teach children to make original patterns based on folk paintings. Learn to use plant elements. Teach children to navigate different types painting. Learn to observe wildlife.
Planned project results
Knowledge of folk crafts by children, the ability to distinguish between their types;
positive dynamics of the formation of moral qualities, aesthetic perception, the degree of mastery of children decorative painting;
enrichment of the subject-developing environment;
replenishment didactic material by section « Decorative and applied arts» ;
increasing the interest of parents in solving problems of aesthetic and moral education children
Stages of project implementation:
Stage 1. Preparatory. Teacher activities
Introduce into the game situation.
Form a problem.
Define tasks. Define a product the project: Children's activities
Get used to the game situation.
Realize the problem.
Accept project tasks.
Stage 2. Organization of work on the project.
Teacher activities:
Helps in solving problems.
Helps to plan activities.
Organizes activities.
Consultation for parents (folder - move) on theme: "The influence of folk crafts on the aesthetic education of children preschool age»; "Artistic and aesthetic education of children in the family".
Children's activities:
Unification into working groups.
Distribution of roles.
Stage 3. Practical activities.
Teacher activities:
Practical help.
Directs and monitors the implementation of the project. Activities children:
Use illustrations.
Work on crafts.
In the process of work, they share their impressions, help each other.
Stage 4. Presentation.
Teacher activities:
Preparing for project presentation"Russia is my homeland!".
Exhibition of children's works on the topic « Arts and crafts» .
Musical entertainment "Pancake week".Activities children:
Costumes are being prepared.
They talk about folk crafts.
Read poetry.
They make and guess riddles.
They perform songs, ditties, dances.
They lead round dances.
They play folk music games.
Stage 5. The role of parents in the implementation of the project.
Reading and memorizing poetry.
Examining illustrations.
Selection of illustrations, information for the design of the album on arts and crafts.
Making crafts.
Help of parents in making attributes for the holiday.
Ways of realization Artistic - aesthetic development Artistic creativity
Coloring planar silhouettes paints: "Magic horses", "Fairy Birds".
Drawing elements of Khokhloma painting, Gorodets, Gzhel, Dymkovo.
Chastushki.
Cognitive development. FEMP.
Orientation on a sheet of paper (drawing, applique).
Orientation in space.
The ability to add a whole from parts, didactic game "Assemble the whole".
Cognitive development. FTSKM.
Targeted excursion into nature (consider the grass, compare with the grass in the Khokhloma painting).
Conversations: "On a visit to Gorodets craftsmen", "Khokhloma", "Gzhel", "Dymkovsky"
Fiction.
Reading poetry: P. Sinyavsky "Khokhloma painting", V. Nabokov Khokhloma.
Memorizing poetry.
Making riddles.
Basics of folk and decorative - applied arts L... V. Orlova "Khokhloma painting".
Basics of folk and decorative - applied arts Yu... G. Dorozhin "Gorodets painting".
Basics of folk and decorative - applied arts Yu... A. Mezhueva "Fabulous gzhel".
Speech development. Development of speech.
Activate dictionary: floral ornament, curl, droplet, grass, element, leaves, points, lines, kupavka, bud, rose, chamomile, "Golden Khokhloma", gzhel, Gorodets painting.
Social and communicative development. Didactic games:
"Circle an element", "Circle and color", "Assemble the whole", "Circle the picture", "Continue drawing", "Find a Pair".
Physical development. Physical education.
Without children's knowledge of the culture of the Motherland, the history of the development of folk crafts, a full moral and patriotic education child. People's art promotes the development of creativity, imagination, thinking in children.
The culture of Russia cannot be imagined without folk arts, which reveals the original sources of the spiritual life of the Russian people, clearly demonstrates its moral, aesthetic values, artistic tastes and is a part of its history.
Related publications:
"Decorative and applied art as a means of introducing children to folk culture" Introduction Folk culture is one of the important elements of any nation, since it carries the experience of past generations, which took shape.
At the thematic week on the topic "Acquaintance of children with folk crafts". Conducted productive activities
Antonina Nikolaevna Lysenko
Presentation "Decorative and Applied Art of Russia"
Slide 1: "Decorative and Applied Art of Russia".
Slide 2:
Dymkovo painting.
From the high bank of the Vyatka River, on which the city of Kirov stands, one can see the Dymkovo settlement beyond the river. In winter, when the stoves are heated, in summer, on cloudy days, when the fog, the whole settlement is as if in smoke, in a haze. This toy was born here in ancient times.
Toys are molded from clay. Then chalk is diluted in milk and toys are whitened. And then it's time to paint them. The pattern is unusually simple: circles, straight and wavy stripes, cells, spots, dots. But the colors are bright, bright: crimson, red, green, yellow, orange, blue.
In the beginning there were whistles. Craftswomen sculpted them for the fair. From a small clay ball with holes, the whistle turned into a duck, then into a cock, then into a ridge. Many years have passed and now they came up with the idea of \u200b\u200bsculpting other toys out of clay: clay bunks, turkeys, rams in pants, young ladies and gentlemen, outlandish deer, etc.
Slide 3:
Gzhel.
Gzhel is the most famous Russian folk ceramic craft.
The Moscow region of 30 villages, which is located 60 kilometers from Moscow, has been famous for its pottery since the 16th century.
The first documentary mentions of a settlement on the banks of the Gzhelka River were found among the letters of Ivan Kalita. The word "Gzhel" came from the hoary antiquity, when a whole area with numerous villages of different names was called Ognel, Akzhel, Zhgel - putting a certain meaning in the names "Burn", "Burn".
Gzhel porcelain is vases, tableware in sets, serving items, table and interior decorations, sets, as well as a variety of souvenirs.
The main elements of the Gzhel painting are “wide and narrow stripe”, “point”, “wave”, “bush”, “petal”, “grid”, “leaf”.
Slide 4:
Gorodets painting.
On the banks of the Volga stands a glorious and ancient city Gorodets.
The inhabitants of Gorodets and the surrounding villages were famous for their skillful carpenters and woodcarvers. Forests provided the material from which everything was made: from children's toys and cradles to ships.
Over time, craftsmen began to paint boxes, toys, dishes, furniture and even parts of the house - shutters, doors, gates.
Gorodets painting - how can we not know it.
There are hot horses here, brave to become.
There are such bouquets that cannot be described.
There are such plots here that nothing can be said in a fairy tale.
Slide 5:
Khokhloma painting.
Once upon a time he lived in the Nizhny Novgorod forests a miracle - a master. He built a house on the banks of the river and began to make and paint wooden dishes. Its patterned cups and spoons looked like gold. The fame of this tableware reached Moscow and went further all over the world. And then the master passed on the secret of the "golden dish" to the inhabitants of the village of Khokhloma, and he himself disappeared ...
In the old days, people ate from wooden dishes. In the village of Khokhloma, skilled craftsmen made wooden dishes and painted them with beautiful paintings, sent them to other cities. People liked these dishes for their brightness, festivity, patterns. Cups, spoons, ladles were very successful. Later, they began to make children's furniture.
Like a sorceress Firebird
Doesn't go out of my mind
Sorceress-craftswoman,
Golden Khokhloma!
Slide 6:
Vologda lace.
The ancient Russian city of Vologda, whose history began in the 12th century, can rightfully be considered the keeper of the ancient traditions of the culture of the North. Vologda lace has earned well-deserved fame and wide recognition for its high artistry, decorative wealth, and perfection of the execution technique.
Vologda lace consists of a large, expressive pattern, executed with a dense, continuous, smooth cloth of the same width, clearly visible against the background of patterned lattices. The fabric is thick, often colored. In addition to motifs of flowers and leaves, motives of horseshoes, combs, and fans are often found in the ornament.
Vologda is covered with white snow,
The blizzard lays the lace right under your feet.
Northern paints scatter sparks
Snowy tales - lace fairy tales.
Slide 7:
Filimonovskaya toy.
This toy was born in the Odoevsky district of the Tula region. And it got its name from the village of Filimonovo.
One of the legends says that the potter Filimon came to these places, discovered deposits of excellent clay and began to sculpt pots and toys from it. The place where he settled was nicknamed Filimonovo.
There is even a fairy tale about Philemon's grandfather: the grandfather was walking along the road. He climbed from mountain to mountain, from hill to hill. He walked, he walked through dense forests, the sun was shining brightly. It became hot, and then a trickle. He sat down on a pebble, and then clay. He turned it over - in his hands - it turned out to be a bird, poked holes - the bird sang. So since then, the "clay business" has become a tradition.
As a rule, men only made dishes, while women sculpted and painted toys. Toys or "amusements" cost a penny at the market, so a lot of them had to be made. Women were helped in their work by girls who were taught to craft from 7-8 years old. We worked in the winter free from rural labor time.
Slide 8:
Polkhovsky Maidan.
POLKHOV-MAIDANSKAYA ROSPIS - production of painted lathe products in the village of Polkhovsky Maidan, the village of Krutets and the village of Voznesenskoye, Nizhny Novgorod Region.
Turning products of the masters of this craft - nesting dolls, easter eggs, mushrooms, salt shakers, cups, supplies - are lavishly decorated with juicy ornamental and subject painting. Among the picturesque motives, the most common are flowers, birds, animals.
When painting, pure bright colors are used, for example, blue, red, yellow, which, when mixed and superimposed on each other, give no less bright and beautiful red, green and purple colors. The painting is performed along a pre-made contour, which is applied with ink.
Slide 9:
Bogorodsk toy.
Colorful wooden hens on a stand, figurines of blacksmiths, a man and a bear - pull the bar and they will hammer on a small anvil ... Funny toys, known in Russia since time immemorial, have become the main folk craft for the inhabitants of the village of Bogorodskoye near Moscow.
All toys are made of linden, which takes about four years to dry. The wood is soft and easy to work with. After drying, the tree is sent to the notch.
The blanks are marked according to the patterns and cut out with a Bogorodsky knife and chisel. For an experienced craftsman, it takes about 15 minutes for one piece.
Most of the foremen in the factory are women, although the work is difficult, requiring stamina and constant physical effort. The next step is assembling the toy. The most colorful and final stage is coloring.
The symbol of the trade is a man and a bear.
Slide 10:
Zhostovo painting.
The history of the Zhostovo craft dates back to the beginning of the 19th century, when workshops for the production of painted lacquerware made of papier-mâché arose in a number of villages near Moscow (including Zhostovo). The appearance of the Zhostovo painted tray is associated with the surname of the Vishnyakov brothers. The date of foundation is considered to be 1825. A little later, they painted steel and iron trays. For the production of Zhostovo trays, thin roofing steel is used. After that, the trays are primed, polished and several times covered with oil varnish, usually black, with each layer drying in an oven.
Then the craftsmen paint the trays by hand with oil paints without the use of stencils and samples, relying on their imagination. The main motive of the painting is a floral bouquet of a simple composition, in which large garden flowers and small wildflowers alternate. Painting is usually done on a black background (sometimes on red, blue, green, silver) and the master works on several trays at once. First, a patch is made (the main silhouettes of the bouquet, then the alignment: shadows are superimposed, light places are prescribed, dense strokes are applied, glare, thin lines are veins of leaves, stamens, and then large flowers are connected with smaller elements of the pattern with herbs, stems, etc. , lastly, the ornament located on the sides is applied (ie cleaning) After painting, the Zhostovo items are again covered with colorless varnish three times, dried in an oven and polished with a fine powder by hand to a mirror finish.
Slide 11:
Kargopol toy.
Kargopol is an ancient city in the Arkhangelsk region. Previously, it was a well-known large trade and cultural center of the Russian North. From those times, there are magnificent temples and cathedrals. Now these are reserved places where the original Russian culture, arts and crafts have been preserved to this day.
Most of the toys of the Kargopol craftsmen are single figures, sometimes two or three characters, connected by a single plot and some simple action. They are a little clumsy and heavy: strong peasant women, peasants, birds, horses. Like all peasants, Kargopol potters plowed the land, grew bread on it, kept cattle, and in their free time sat down to potter's wheel... Did the dishes different sizes, and their remains of clay were made toys. One of my favorite figures was the figure of a bear - the owner of the forest, a cheerful joker who knows how to play the accordion.
There are many fairy and mythological images in the Kargopol toy: amazing animals, birds. One of the most interesting images is the half-horse - half-human "Polkana". This is an image of goodness, a hero who helped people grow bread. Polkan's hands are strong, his chest is powerful, the sun is on his chest, his legs are fast, like a horse's.
The "push-pull" figurine consists of two horses - white and black. The horse is one of the most revered domestic animals among the peasants. The white horse is the messenger of light and warmth, the black horse personifies the dark side.
Slide 12:
To the finest shades of nature
To the juiciest colors of the earth
The hands of the people touched
And they found the secret of magic.
All the beauties of native spaces
Miracles of masters are concealing.
In the light music of Russian patterns
National talent is flourishing!
Slide 13:
How much joy for the heart
How much joy for the eyes
Craftswomen are growing up,
Maybe among us.
You play my accordion
You, friend, sing along