This is a knot weaving, one of the most ancient and amazing types of needlework. History. ". Download for free and without registration. Presentation on" macrame "Presentation on weaving macrame
Theme. Types of reps nodes. Weaving horizontal and diagonal brides
- To acquaint with the organization of the workplace, the types of rep nodes, their designation on the diagrams;
- To teach how to weave horizontal and diagonal braces from rep knots;
- Form attention, logical thinking;
- Develop interest;
- Foster accuracy, work culture
Materials for weaving macrame
Materials for weaving macrame must be strong, twisted and pliable.
Threads can be thick or thin
Threads use cotton, linen, synthetic, silk, hemp, hemp cords, ribbons, ropes, twines
Tools for weaving macrame
For weaving macrame use:
a pillow filled with sawdust or sand;
styrofoam;
pins, scissors, tape measure, glue, crochet hooks
Weaving reps knots
Rep knots are widely used to form a dense fabric or an openwork pattern.
They are right-handed and left-handed.
Horizontal bridging
Rows of turnip knots form braids. There are horizontal braids
Diagonal bridging
If the rep knots are woven at an angle of 45 degrees,
diagonal braces are formed.
Reps knot weaving technique
Right loop knot (rep)
With your left hand, pull the thread guide on the left side vertically.
Take the working thread in your right hand, wrap the guide thread with it, pull the end of the working thread into the loop that has formed and tighten the knot. In the mirror image, the left loop knot is made.
Pattern formation
Diagonal brid pattern
Zigzag pattern from diagonal brides
Pattern formation
Rhombus pattern from diagonal brides
Braided vertical brid keychains
Tying knots on a rope for its practical use is one of the oldest inventions of mankind. It can be assumed that primitive man invented a dozen or two knots and learned to weave webs before he learned how to make fire. Apparently, he started using the knot long before he invented the share, wheel, needle, ax, bow and arrow. The existence of primitive man, his life cannot be imagined without a rope made of vines, plant fibers, strips of skin or animal tendons.
The ability to knot knots and weave nets in ancient times was highly valued and was considered a patrimonial heritage. It was jealously guarded from strangers and passed on from father to son, from generation to generation.
However, sailors turned out to be the inventors of the most ingenious and practical knots. The sailing ship that appeared more than five thousand years ago was unthinkable without ropes that fastened the masts and supported the sails.
By the time the sailing fleet flourished, there were about 500 knots in the maritime business. In addition to knots, sailors of the past used in their work many different, practically necessary weaves. However, sailors invented most of the various kinds of weaving and ornaments made of rope ... out of boredom. Let us remember that in the old days sailing ships often lasted for years. To while away their free time from the watch, the sailors did needlework. Their materials were old manila, hemp and sisal cables.
Amazing in design and magnificent in execution, weaving items were presented by sailors to their wives and loved ones upon returning to the shore after a long separation. Over time, women adopted the art of turning a simple rope into an elegant and necessary thing from sailors.
Macrame is a type of handicraft, the basis of which is a knot, which originally came from a simple functional need to connect two threads, but, gradually becoming more complex, acquired a decorative value.
There are different interpretations of the word "macrame". In Europe, for the first time this word begins to be used in the XIX century in the meaning of "knotted weaving". Older is the Arabic word "migramah", meaning "scarf" or "shawl", and the Turkish word "macramah", meaning "smart scarf" or "shawl with a fringe". Apparently, the word has undergone a historical change while traveling across countries.
The history of knot weaving is the same age as the history of mankind. It is believed that the origins of the decorative art of weaving should be sought in ancient China and Japan. But archaeological finds in other countries confirm the spread of knot weaving in other parts of the world, for example, samples of knot weaving were found in Egyptian tombs, which are more than 4 thousand years old.
In the history of mankind, differently tied knots played another important role, they were a way of accumulating and transmitting information from generation to generation. In the ancient culture of the Incas, there was a developed system nodular writing, and in archaeological excavations, a rosary in the form of a necklace made of knots was also found. The writing system could be deciphered by shape, size, color and by the mutual combination of nodes. A similar application of this technique is found in ancient China and the Indians of North America. To this day, the custom has been preserved: in order not to forget, to tie a knot as a keepsake.
Throughout its history, macrame has repeatedly undergone oblivion, but has invariably been revived, introducing new techniques, new materials and methods of application.
As in antiquity, the use of decorative knotted weaving for decorating clothes has survived to this day. The macrame technique was used to create a variety of wardrobe items: capes, hoods, elegant lace and fringe. Especially exquisite lace was woven from golden threads and was used to decorate the clothes of noble nobles.
In the XIII century nodular technique from the countries of the East penetrated through Spain to Europe. This process was actively promoted by sailors, who applied the knowledge of tying knots not only in their direct work, but also to create household items, which then spread throughout different countries.
In the 15th century, after the Crusades, weaving as decorative arts begins to develop in Italy, and in Western Europe reaches particular popularity in the 18th century. The Victorian era in England is considered the "golden age" of macrame. The use of this technique was especially popular for creating interior components - tablecloths, bedspreads, lampshades, for finishing curtains and chair surfaces.
Presentation on the topic: “Macrame. History of origin. Their types, materials, devices. Requirements for the material for weaving macrame. »Completed by: Mubarakshin B. N. Gr. 10 -21321
History The technique of this knot weaving has been known since antiquity, since the first knotting on a stone ax and the first mat. Macrame came to Europe in the VIII-IX centuries from the East. This technique was known in Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Iran, Peru, China, Ancient Greece. Nowadays, there are 6 types of knot weaving, and hundreds of all kinds of knots.
The development of macrame was greatly helped by the sailing fleet. Since ancient times, sailors have woven nets, spliced \u200b\u200bcables using knots, braided various structures, decorated steering wheels with braided tires. About four thousand knots are known. The knot combinations were very often extremely complex. Many sea knots, due to their beauty and originality, moved to artistic craft - macrame. The resulting patterns are distinguished not only by their beauty, but also by their durability.
Types of macrame: Herculean knot Right flat knot Left flat knot Square flat knot Common square knot Gourmet knot Horizontal knot Triple horizontal knot
Hercules knot The first and therefore basic macrame knot. It is performed in this way: we place 2 threads vertically, attaching with a pin. Draw the right thread under the left, then the left one from bottom to top, forming a loop. Next, we draw the right one over the left thread and again make a loop with the left one. Now we tighten the knot.
Right flat knot This knot is made as follows: bend 2 cuts of the thread in half and fasten. We distribute their 4 ends from right to left: 1 and 4 are working, and 2 and 3 are the basis for tightening the knots. We take working thread No. 4 (on the right side) and draw it under the adjacent warp and from below into the loop that has formed between them.
Left flat knot We fasten the 2 strands again. Take the extreme working thread on the right side and draw it under the warp, and then put it on the working thread on the left side. We take the working thread on the left, put it on the base and draw it from above into a loop between the base and the working thread on the right side.
Square flat knot This knot is created by combining a right flat knot with a left knot. To finish the square knot, make a lock on the right. But if you place first the left flat knot, and then the right one, then the lock will be on the left.
General square knot This type of macrame knot differs from the previous one in the number of threads used, which depends on the pattern. If we use 5 or more threads, then this is already a common square knot. That is, this kind of knot is used in each case individually, distributing the working and warp threads in different ways.
Horizontal knot It can be performed from left to right and from right to left. We strengthen 2 strands so that we get 4 ends. We distribute them: the first thread on the left is the warp, and all the rest are workers. We put the first thread on the workers from left to right, and mark the turn of this thread with a pin. The base must be kept in a horizontal position and pulled slightly. We throw the second working thread over the base to the left. We lay the thread, not forgetting to pull the base. Next, we bring this thread forward, put it on the base, and then down into the loop. We tighten the threads and thereby put the made loops together.
Then we weave threads 3-4 in the same way and get a whole row of horizontal knots. We reproduce the horizontal nodes from right to left. We take the third thread, we pass it over the base to the right side, bring it forward, then onto the base and down into the loop. Next, we knit the 2nd and 1st threads. Do not forget to hold the base and stretch it a little. Knot "gourmet" This kind of knots is performed on the basis of the right and left flat knots, applying them in the established sequence.
Triple horizontal knot In this kind of macrame knot, the extended fastening method is applied. Again we prepare 4 ends, the first thread will be the basis, on it we knit a horizontal knot with the second thread. Next, we put the second thread on the base again and insert it down into the loop. Having mastered the basic knots in practice, you can proceed to more complex macrame techniques: patterns and chains.
Weaving materials can be very different: hemp or linen rope, paper rope, cord or silk line, linen, cotton, silk or synthetic threads, flat braid, sisal. The main thing is to choose the right nodes.
Accessories: Small clamps, for attaching to a table Foam cushion or a piece of foam (for weaving irregularly shaped products), attached to a table or chair back Metal rings for making planters and lampshades
Requirements for the material for weaving macrame: The material for weaving macrame must be strong, moderately twisted and pliable. If you want to get a clear embossed pattern, then the material for weaving macrame needs to be twisted tightly. The threads can be lengthened while weaving macrame. After all, it is not always possible to cut the required length of the thread. You can act differently. You need to swap the positions of the long and short threads. But it's best to attach one end of the thread to the other with knots. In this case, the excess ends of the thread can be easily cut off. It is very easy to connect the nylon threads, as they melt.
The history of macrame. "Macrame" is a knot weaving, one of the most ancient and amazing views needlework. The history of "macrame" goes back centuries, a person may have tied the first knot when he needed to make a trapping net to get his own food. IN different times humanity has treated knots differently. Many signs and superstitions were associated with knots in people's lives. Sailors were the inventors of the most ingenious and practical knots. Translated from Arabic means - lace, braid, fringe, the basis of which is a knot.
Macrame is one of the types of decorative - applied arts... The basis of macrame is weaving (tying) knots. The macrame technique was known in Ancient Greece, Ancient Egypt, Iraq, Assyria, China, Peru. Macrame was periodically forgotten, and then revived again. Interest in macrame is also due to the fact that everyone can master the techniques of nodular weaving, the possibilities of macrame are endless.
Weaving materials. Weaving materials can be very different: - hemp or linen rope, - paper rope, - cord or silk line, - linen, cotton, silk or synthetic threads, - flat braid, sisal. The main thing is to choose the right nodes.
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Slide captions:
M akram e Completed by the teacher of technology MOU-SOSH s. Ozernoe Atkarsky District, Saratov Region Stikhina Elena Ivanovna
From the history of macrame Macrame is a type of handicraft, the basis of which is a knot, originally derived from a simple functional need to connect two threads, but, gradually becoming more complex, acquired a decorative value. The history of knot weaving is the same age as the history of mankind. It began from the time when a man needed to connect the two ends of the thread and he tied the first knot. Later, primitive hunters made nets from animal wool and marsh grasses. Throughout its development path, humanity has treated the nodes in different ways. There were periods when nodes were simply banned. Among the many taboos the Roman senators had to observe, there was a ban on wearing at least one knot on clothing. In Russia, knitting knots - "nauzit" meant "conjure, witchcraft, bewitching." Christianity in Russia condemned the wearing of knots. But this attitude towards the node was short-lived and not ubiquitous. In the east, in ancient times, there was a knot letter, thanks to which people collected and saved information. The heyday of macrame dates back to the 9th century BC. Sailors are considered the ancestors of macrame. In the 14th century, sailors introduced the art of weaving to the inhabitants of Spain, India, and China. Then macrame became known in Italy. In the 17th century, macrame from Italy spread to Northern Europe and North America, and became very popular in England. At different times the art of weaving was called: square weaving, knotted lace, and only in the 19th century this type of needlework began to be called "MAKRAME". Translated from Turkish "macrame" is a fringed scarf. A new wave of macrame revival began in the 19th century. Since the twenties of the XX century, macrame has been revived again and comes into fashion. Macrame has a wide range of possibilities for creative expression of personality. You take an ordinary rope in your hands, tie knots and ... create a miracle.
Materials and accessories Cord can be cotton, linen, leather, synthetic, mixed - any. The main thing is that it tightens well, does not dissolve at the first opportunity, does not rub your hands, and it is very desirable that it be round in cross section. Sharp scissors; "Centimeter" or tape measure (and most conveniently - meter ruler); Crochet hooks of different thickness for pulling threads in some knots and a knitting needle / needle for unraveling incorrectly tightened knots; Sturdy pins with large plastic heads. Weaving pillow. At first, even a small sofa "dummy" (30x30 cm) filled with such material that will firmly hold the pins, for example, foam rubber, will do. Also useful: Various rings, from small to large (for example, from old hoops) - wooden, plastic, and best of all - metal; Wooden sticks, slats, rulers and pencils; Thick wire for creating frames (although no wire can be compared to what a familiar welder who has one can do :); Beads, other accessories.
Attaching threads to the base. Weaving always starts with attaching the thread. There are several mounting options, and each is suitable for a specific occasion. The first method of attaching the threads 1 Bend the working thread in half and put a loop on the base thread. 2 Bend the loop over the base thread. 3 We pass the ends of the working thread into the loop (the loop is stretched under the base thread). 4 We tighten the ends of the working thread. The second method of attaching the threads 1 Bend the working thread in half and put a loop under the base thread. 2 Bend the loop onto the base thread. 3 Thread the ends of the working thread into the loop (the loop goes over the base thread). 4 We tighten the ends of the working thread.
Fastening the threads to the base Extended method of fastening the threads - The extended method of fastening is quite common, since most products are woven not densely, but with openwork knitting, which is why the usual typesetting row can ugly creep away. The extended knot avoids this, the work looks more neat. Attaching one end of the thread with a rep knot - the photo shows how to attach only one end of the thread (a rep knot is used for this)
Basic knots: flat knot The flat knot is perhaps one of the most common in macrame. This is due to the fact that one node has many variations. Let's get to know some of them in practice. Single flat knot Twisted cord - by making several single knots in a row we get a twisted cord.
Double flat knot (Square knot)
Another name for this knot is the square knot. If you have practiced tying single flat knots, then consider that you already know how to tie a double one :). A double flat knot consists of one left and one right single knot tied one after the other.
"Pea" "Pea" is an excellent decorative element that can also have practical application (for example, it can serve as a "button"). It is very simple and looks impressive. Prepare a crochet hook - it will come in handy.
A chain of square knots with pico Sometimes you need to weave a tight chain, but with an openwork effect. To do this, most often everyone uses either the Tatting knot or a chain of square knots with a picot. Pico are decorative loops on the sides of the chain
Reps knot The reps knot is widely used to create both dense fabrics and openwork patterns. Rows of rep nodes are called breeds. Braces are horizontal, vertical, inclined, curly - depending on the direction of the knotted thread (warp thread). When weaving a brid from left to right, knots are woven with the left hand (Fig. 1), and when weaving from right to left - with the right (Fig. 2). In this case, the free hand pulls the warp thread. The figure shows an extended (or triple) rep node. The difference from the usual reps node is an additional round. It is used when it is necessary to obtain the most dense breeze
The figure shows a horizontal bridle. Vertical and other braids are woven similarly. Only the direction of the warp thread changes. With the help of brid, you can create a variety of patterns: leaves, rhombuses, braids, etc. A common technique is in the photo for this section. Two diagonal braids are weaved from the center, the inner threads are intertwined, and the rhombus is completed with the same diagonal braids - now from both sides to the center. Another useful technique is a double warp thread. To make the horizontal strand even and the same on both sides, connect the leftmost thread with the rightmost one - the right thread is wound to the left, and the left one - to the right. A double base for the knots is formed. After the brid is ready, the threads are taken by the free ends and gently pulled to the sides, aligning the weave. It is important not to overtighten.
Thickened Edge Technique The Thickened Edge is most often used at the end of a job to neatly flatten the threads to one point. For this in the right direction begin to weave a rep brid, while after the first rep knot is completed, the working thread from it is added to the warp thread, and thus the next knot is woven on the basis of two threads, the next after the third knot - on three, etc. It turns out a smoothly expanding rep bridal. Thus, using two braids from different sides of the weaving, you can bring all the threads to the center, and then secure them with a braid.
Reception Cavandoli Reception Cavandoli is named after the inventor of this method of weaving a pattern. It is also called "colored rep knot embroidery". Used for items such as eyeglass cases, wallets, handbags, etc. The method is based on the fact that when weaving the canvas with rep knots, you can alternate horizontal and vertical knots in any order. First, you need to draw the required pattern on a checkered sheet (each box will represent one rep knot). For example, we want to make a black pattern on a white background. For the base, a long black thread is taken (you can weave directly from the ball without cutting the thread), the required number of white threads is hung on it. Horizontal braids are weaving. Weaving is done according to the pattern, and where the pattern requires a black knot, the knotted thread becomes the working thread, and the working thread located in the place of this knot becomes the knotted one. It turns out a black vertical node of a different color among the white horizontal ones.
Pioneer knot
The pioneer knot is the wrong side of the reps knot. It turns out a kind of crosses, and the direction of the upper turn depends on the direction of weaving - from right to left or vice versa. This is a very simple and effective technique, I advise you to master it and use it along with the reps node. I will not describe the process of tying a knot - everything can be seen in the figure :)
Tatting Knot The Tatting Knot is often used for decorative purposes — for example, to decorate the edge of a work or to braid beads. In fig. 3 shows a variety of a knot with pico (loops). By the way, pico can be used with other nodes, for example, with a square one. To make the loops of the same size, use a strap or ruler of a suitable width, nesting it between the nodes. In the figures - the right knot "Tatting" (the loops are on the right).
Capuchin Knot The Capuchin knot is used to create beautiful earrings at the ends of the threads. The more turns you make with the thread, the more complex and beautiful the knot will be. But the more difficult it will be to tighten it correctly. I suspect a long "Capuchin" can only be made from a well-gliding thread. I usually do 4-6 turns.
Chain "Snake" "Snake" is good with low thread consumption. It is made at two ends and is often used as a loop for hanging panels. The peculiarity of the snake that must be taken into account is that it stretches.
Flat pigtail In the photo - a pigtail of 4 red and 2 black threads. A more interesting drawing will turn out if you take three threads of one color and three of another. The threads must be the same in thickness and texture, otherwise it will turn out sloppy. Tie all the threads into a bundle, divide them into a right and left group, according to color. Take the far right thread and move it to the left, joining it to the left group. Now take the strand on the far left and join it to the right group. Continue to weave, alternating the transfer of the outermost threads from one group to another. At the end of the weave, secure the threads with a knot.
Chinese Clover Leaf Knot This knot is tied with one end of the cord and consists of inner loops (center of the knot) and outer loops representing leaves. The number of outer loops can vary from 2 to 5-6. It is for this reason that the knot is also known as the Flower knot. It is often used as part of more complex combined units. The Chinese believe that the four-petaled clover leaf brings great luck.
The Swastika Knot Other names are the Knot of Virtue or the Knot of True Love. This knot is similar to an ancient Buddhist sign, symbolizing the sun, fire, the heart of the Buddha, absolute virtue and power over evil. Brings good luck and prosperity. The weaving pattern is presented below.
Chinese knot ("Cross" knot) - a "Cross" knot is tied on two threads, often of different colors.
Luck Knot Unlike most knots, whose names derive from the names of the decorative elements they represent, this widespread knot was unnamed until Lydia Chen named it, by analogy with similar knots. The weaving pattern is like that of a cord from a Chinese knot, only there they work with separate ends, and here - with loops of double threads. In fact, the Luck node consists of two Chinese nodes.
Knot "Josephine" The knot, known to us as "Josephine", the Chinese call "Double Coin" - Double Coin Knot. In their opinion, this knot symbolizes two connected ancient coins, which in turn means prosperity and longevity. The Double Coin node is often placed above the entrance to shops / offices, which should attract a lot of customers, and therefore bring a good profit. :)
Products made in MACRAME technique