Nursing: what makes this profession special? The role, goals and objectives of the Association of Russian nurses Health sister

In Russia, in most cities, city councils of nurses were traditionally formed, where they discussed and solved the problems of nursing practice, but in most cases they remained only on paper. There was no real support from higher authorities, since the councils of nurses remained a subordinate organization.

The first association, created in Russia on May 20, 1992, is the Moscow Association of Nurses (IALA). The Moscow Association of Nurses is an independent professional organization that is engaged in the training of nursing personnel, the protection of professional rights, the improvement of working conditions, wages etc. This organization does not duplicate the work of the health workers union or other public organizations... Her short-term goals have 3 directions: raising the prestige of the profession nurse, protecting professional rights, improving working conditions and raising wages. And the third direction is the education of nurses, including the advanced training of practicing nurses.

Among the long-term goals, the most important are research and development in the field of nursing, the creation of practical standards.

Under the auspices of the association, Russian-American seminars were held on the problems of financing publishing activities and attracting new members.

Nursing associations in developed countries have achieved many privileges for their members since they have existed for several decades.

In the West, a nurse acts within the law in parallel with a doctor, without replacing him and working with him in one team. Our nurse has no legal rights for independence. The definition of today's categories is rather arbitrary.

Thus, taking into account the present situation of nurses, in 1994 the Interregional Association of Nurses in Russia was created. The most important document initiated by this association is the Code of Ethics for Nurses in Russia, adopted in 1997. Currently in Russia there are about 50 - and regional nursing associations, uniting about 42 thousand members of the associations.

In 1998, the participants (nurses and midwives) at the Munich Conference were asked to sign the Health 21 Commitment and disseminate it in their country.

Thus, ensuring high Quality nursing requires from the leaders and organizers of nursing a set of organizational, regulating educational activities, training, control, sufficient equipping of workplaces, drug provision, etc.

The formation of a domestic scientific base for research in the field of nursing, the creation of new technologies is the most important task of the industry program for the development of nursing. Functions change significantly medical staff when introducing into activities modern technologies, new medical and diagnostic technologies. Nursing patients is ensured by both the skill and patience of medical personnel, especially nurses and midwives.

IN modern conditions new approaches and content require functional responsibilities nurses, midwives. The provisions that define the duties, rights, responsibilities of specialists with secondary vocational education are currently being revised. Development of clinical standards of practical skills and abilities of nurses and midwives is promising and relevant in this regard.

A feature of modern requirements for the profession of a medical assistant, nurse, midwife, along with therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations, is the possession of communication skills, knowledge of the basics of psychology, respect for the rights and dignity of the patient. The activities of a nurse, paramedic, midwife are aimed at maintaining the health of the population, ensuring high quality nursing care.

An important event in the history of nursing was the creation in 1992 of the Association of Russian Nurses. It was organized at the initiative of nurses as a non-governmental professional organization. In the "Development Project of the Association of Nurses of Russia" the following directions of the Association's work were named: increasing the role of a nurse in the health care system, increasing the prestige of the profession; quality improvement medical care; dissemination of advanced experience and scientific achievements in the field of nursing; revival of the traditions of nursing mercy; protecting the interests of nurses in legislative, administrative and other bodies; organizing the collection of information on nursing, its analysis and dissemination; cooperation with international organizations and government agencies. The immediate tasks of the Association are:

Development of professional standards;

Implementation of control over the quality of a nurse's work;

Organization of continuous training for nurses in the system of advanced training and additional postgraduate education;

Participation in the development of certification and certification programs for nurses;

Involvement of members of the Association in scientific research in the field of nursing;

Legal protection of the interests and rights of nurses;

Participation in the work of the expert and problem commissions of the Ministry of Health Russian Federation.

"Prospects for the development of nursing."

Qualitative transformations in nursing in Russia have been planned since the end of the 80s of the last century, but the level of organization of nursing practice lags significantly behind the development of science, the ability to effectively manage nursing.

By the beginning of the 90s, in most European countries there was higher nursing education, which allowed International Organizations and Councils - WHO (World Health Organization), the International Council of Nursing, to positively influence development scientific methods organization of nursing in Russia.

Since 1966, the idea has been expressed, which is described in the WHO Report Series, No. 347, p. 13, that “nurses should be able to develop and improve their abilities in order to provide the most qualified assistance to the population, as well as develop professional thinking for making independent decisions based on scientific, clinical and organizational evidence. "

Markets are forming today medical services, medical and prophylactic institutions with various forms of ownership are being created, one-day hospitals, hospices - institutions of palliative medicine, i.e. such institutions where drugs cannot help, where help is provided to the hopelessly sick and dying. Such assistance can be provided by a nurse who knows how to think analytically, skillfully prepare for various studies, scientifically substantiate her actions when performing procedures, nursing care plans, perform manipulations in strict accordance with the protocol and standard.

The state organizational structure dealing with nursing issues is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. By 1994, a multilevel system of nursing education was formed in Russia. Each level has its own State educational standard.

The nineties marked the beginning of the healthcare reform in the Russian Federation, the core of which was the transition to the compulsory health insurance model. The ongoing socio-economic and political transformations have put forward new requirements for personnel policy in branch.

Reforming the health care system is a priority in many WHO Member States, driven by low levels of care, the financial crisis, dissatisfaction with consumer demand, negative attitudes towards centrally controlled structures and a number of ideological motives. Countries face the difficult task of creating new systems that could more effectively solve pressing problems at a time when there is a shortage of human resources and financial resources, and when the transition from a planned centralized economy to a mixed or market economy has already reached the stage at which the old system is not applicable, and the new one does not work yet.

As noted in the report of the former Minister of Health of the Russian Federation Yu.L. Shevchenko, "in the most difficult socio-economic conditions of the past decade, the health care system as a whole fulfilled the tasks assigned to it and ... thereby ensured the implementation of the constitutional right of Russian citizens to health care." State policy in the field russian healthcare is focused on getting the maximum effect from available resources and, in particular, nursing staffwhose work is seen as the most valuable health care resource for meeting the needs of the population for affordable, acceptable and cost-effective health care.

However, the lack of a legal basis for the activities of nursing specialists, mechanisms for its regulation, means and methods of social protection and motivation of qualified personnel leave the need for practical health care in using the existing nursing potential declared, but so far has not been realized.

In the words of European nursing researcher and advocate, Dorothy Hall, “Many of the challenges facing national health services today could have been avoided if nursing had developed at the same pace over the past forty years. medical science“The reluctance to admit,” she writes, “that the nurse occupies an equal position with respect to the doctor, has led to the fact that nursing care has not received the same development as medical practice, which deprived both sick and healthy people of the opportunity to use a variety of affordable, cost-effective nursing services. "

IN last years Ministry of Health of Russia together with territorial bodies in the management of health care, significant work is being done, contributing to the revival, increasing the social significance and prestige of the nursing profession. Confirmation of this is the implementation of the state program "Development of nursing", the implementation of decisions of the collegiums of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 04.20.94 "On the state and prospects of nursing in the Russian Federation", dated 04.06.97 "On the development of medical and pharmaceutical education in the Russian Federation", a number of international seminars "New sisters for a new Russia".

The resolution of the 1st All-Russian Congress of Paramedical Workers, which considered the draft state program for the development of nursing in the Russian Federation, is especially noted. A key concept focusing on improving nursing is to define the role of a nurse to be more responsive to the health needs of the people than to the health system. This means a fundamental restructuring of the concept of the traditional role of the nurse as the service provider and the "errand girl".

The nurse must be a well-educated professional in order for a unique and significant contribution to health care to be welcomed by all colleagues and considered an equal partner in the medical team. The basis of its practical activities is directly work with a patient or a population group, namely work aimed at improving people's health. Thus, reforming health care, bringing it organizational structure in line with modern requirements impossible without improving and changing the existing approaches to organizing the work of a nurse.

Nursing is a specialty that cannot be overestimated. In fact, no doctor can cope with his duties if he does not have such an assistant. With this in mind, we can safely say that a nurse is indispensable in any clinic or hospital.

However, how much do we know about the responsibilities of this employee? What kind of difficulties do they sometimes have to face? And also what are the prospects for a girl who has chosen the path of a nurse?

General information about the profession

The nurse is primarily the doctor's right hand. Its main task is to fulfill the instructions of the doctor to whom it is assigned. This can be the collection of tests, the installation of a dropper, the provision of bed linen to the patient, and so on. That is, by and large, the role of a nurse is auxiliary.

But, despite this, she is an important member of the staff of any medical institution. After all, a nurse takes on the lion's share of the work, thereby relieving doctors. And those, in turn, will be able to devote more time to more important tasks: diagnosing diseases, prescribing a course of treatment, therapy, and so on.

How to become a nurse?

The duties of a nurse require an appropriate education. You can get it from a medical college or college. The training takes from 3 to 4 years, depending on the chosen institution.

During this time, students will learn all the skills that are necessary to work in this specialty. In particular, they will learn Latin (which is indispensable when writing prescriptions), methods of first aid, the basics of therapy, rules for using medications, and so on.

Statutory classification of nurses

When discussing this profession, one cannot ignore the fact that there is a classification of nurses. And despite the fact that education is required the same, the range of responsibilities is different for everyone.

So what are the different types of nurses?

The head nurse is the only position that requires a higher education... Its main task is control. It is this employee who makes adjustments to the work of the middle and junior medical personnel.
Senior Nurse - a position assigned to each department head. Main function - maintaining order in the territory entrusted to her by managing her own subordinates.
A sentry nurse is a specialist who makes sure that patients strictly follow all the doctor's instructions: take medication, adhere to bed rest or a diet.
Procedural Nurse. It is she who is responsible for the injections and droppers prescribed by the doctor. In addition, she collects analyzes and takes them to the laboratory.
The operating room nurse is the surgeon's right hand. She prepares the operating room before the operation, checks that everything is in place, and brings the entire necessary tool... In the future, she follows all the instructions that the surgeon gives her: submit a scalpel, clamp or, say, a tampon.
A local nurse is a specialist assigned to a specific doctor. Most often, this position is associated with paperwork: filling out cards, working with documents, keeping records, and so on.
The junior nurse is the lowest rung of the hierarchy. Her responsibilities include caring for the sick and following orders from senior colleagues.

Necessary qualities

So, the duties of a nurse are not too complex, especially when compared to the work of doctors. However, they should not be underestimated either, because the health of another person is at stake.

Therefore, a future specialist must have the following personal qualities:

a good memory in order to remember a lot of terms and names of drugs;
responsibility, because, as mentioned earlier, any oversight can cost a person his life;
speed of reaction in order to make the right decision at a critical moment;
compassion, because without it she will not be able to provide patients with the care they need;
strong nerves and psyche, since in medicine you will have to deal with many things, including unpleasant ones.

What do you have to do at work?

In each medical institution there is a nurse's own instruction (job description). This document contains full list all responsibilities of this employee, and when taking office, he must familiarize himself with it. It is simply impossible to describe all the possible requirements specified in this document, since they may vary depending on the institution's policy.

However, we will give a few examples:

First of all, the nurse monitors the condition of the patients. Takes tests, is interested in their well-being and takes them to medical procedures.
Any nurse follows the instructions of doctors, especially when they relate to working with patients.
A number of procedures related to the patient's treatment also fall on the shoulders of this employee. So, nurses put droppers, give injections, carry out physiotherapy and give out dosage rates of drugs.
In addition, nurses often work with hospital records. For example, they fill out patient cards, keep records of hospital inventory, submit documents for discharge, and so on.

Advantages and disadvantages of the profession

If we talk about the advantages, then here, first of all, it is necessary to note the high demand in the labor market. Almost every specialist can count on a free place in his city.

However, there are also downsides. In particular, low wages and lack of career growth. Even with all your desire to rise above the position of a senior nurse, it simply will not work.

Increasing the role of a nurse in the health care system,

· Increasing the prestige of the profession;

· Improving the quality of medical care;

· Dissemination of advanced experience and scientific achievements in the field of nursing;

· Revival of the traditions of nursing mercy;

· Protecting the interests of nurses in legislative, administrative and other bodies;

· Organizing the collection of information on nursing, its analysis and dissemination;

· cooperation with international organizations and government agencies.

The immediate tasks of the Association are:

Development of standards professional activity;

· Introduction of quality control over the work of a nurse;

· Organization of continuous training of nurses in the system of advanced training and additional postgraduate education;

· Participation in the development of certification and certification programs for nurses;

Attracting members of the Association to scientific research in the field of nursing;

· Legal protection of the interests and rights of nurses;

· Participation in the work of the expert and problem commissions of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;

· Strengthening ties between the regional Associations of Russian nurses;

· Publication of the Bulletin of Russian Nursing Associations;

· Maintaining links with national Associations and the International Council of Nurses;

· Development of documents for entry into the International Council of Nurses.

The first president of the Association of Nurses of Russia VA Sarkisova, speaking about its tasks, emphasizes that there are still many unsolved problems. This is also the status of a nurse who must have high professionalism, be an equal partner in the medical team. This is also the issue of insurance of professional risk and the provision of preventive measures against infectious diseases for nurses of intensive care, operating, anesthesiology and hematology departments. This is a revision of work standards, and a significant improvement in the socio-economic situation of nurses, auxiliary and technical personnel.

In June 1996, the All-Russian Conference on Nursing was held in St. Petersburg. The conference was organized by the Association of Nurses of Russia and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. It discussed the pressing problems of nursing practice and nursing education. The Association has gained recognition as a national organization representing and protecting the interests of Russian nurses.

This event went down in the history of the country as a conference at which draft of the first "Code of Ethics for Nurses", developed by the Association of Nurses of Russia. The code reflects the positive and negative results of scientific and technological progress in health care, issues of increasing the risk of developing iatrogenic diseases, especially the nursing reform taking place in the country and other aspects related to the activities of nurses.

The Association of Nurses of Russia was the initiator of the development, hosted active participation in creating and discussing standards of practice for nurses. The creation of these standards marked the beginning of a serious scientific approach to the standardization of the nursing process.

Since 1998, RAMS has been a member of the European Forum of National Nursing and Midwifery Associations and WHO.

Since 2005 The Association of Nurses of Russia is a member of the International Council of Nurses, which unites more than 130 national organizations of nursing specialists.

The 10th anniversary meeting of this organization, dedicated to the issues of providing care to HIV patients, was organized by the Association in 2006 in St. Petersburg.