Presentation on the theme of the Vatican. Participation in international organizations
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The smallest state in the world
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Full name State - Vatican City Region Europe Form of government Absolute theocratic monarchy Capital Vatican Area, km 0.44 193 in the world Population, people. 821 193 in the world Population density, people / km 1818.18 3 in the world Official languages \u200b\u200bLatin, Italian Currency Euro Time zone UTC + 1 Borders on land Italy Does not have access to the seas and oceans
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The coat of arms of the Vatican, the state symbol of the Vatican, is a red shield with two crossed keys (from Paradise and Rome). There are apocryphal legends that say that both keys to Paradise: one opens the way to bliss for men, the other - for women. The papal tiara is located above the keys.
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The Vatican flag was adopted on June 7, 1929 by Pope Pius XI, the year of the signing of the Lateran Accords and the creation of an independent state of the Holy See. The flag was modeled on the flag of the Papal States and is a square cloth, consisting of two equal vertical stripes - yellow and white. In the center of the white stripe is the coat of arms
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Although the Vatican is considered an enclave state (a state within another state), in fact, it is just the seat of the Pope's throne (Holy See), the papal court and its attendants. The status of the Vatican in international law is an auxiliary sovereign territory of the Holy See. Diplomats accredited to the Vatican are in the Italian capital Rome, as there is too little space on the territory of the Vatican to accommodate them. Because of this, the Italian diplomatic mission at the Vatican is actually located in Italy itself. The total length of the state border of the Vatican, passing only through the territory of Italy, is only 3.2 kilometers. The Vatican is an absolute theocratic monarchy ruled by the Holy See. The sovereign of the Holy See, in whose hands the absolute legislative, executive and judicial powers are concentrated, is the Pope, who is elected by the cardinals for life.
Interesting Facts
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Francis is the 266th Pope since March 13, 2013. The first ever New World pope and the first non-European pope in over 1200 years. First Jesuit Pope. First Pope Monk since Gregory XVI Born: December 17, 1936 (77 years old), Flores, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Since the Vatican does not produce or sell anything, the main sources of its income are donations from Catholics and tourism. The Vatican has a planned economy, that is, the government completely disposes of state budget, which is $ 310 million. In the Vatican, there are as many as 3 types of armed forces: the Noble Guard, the Palatine Guard and the Swiss Guard, the latter being subject only to the Holy See. There is no Vatican citizenship, so the locals are citizens of the Holy See and have a passport. This passport has the diplomatic status of the Holy See and indicates belonging to the inhabitants of the Apostolic Capital. The entire population of the Vatican is ministers of the Catholic Church. The name “Vatican” comes from the name of the hill Mons Vaticanus, which translates as “place of fortune-telling.” Only in the 4th century AD, the Basilica of Constantine was erected here, and a city had already grown up around it.
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Noble Guardsman in full dress
Noble Guardsman in service attire
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The Honorary Palatine Guard is a papal guard, part of the armed forces of the papal state. In seniority she went after the noble guard. The position and charter of the service inherited from the company of elite grenadiers. The guard was commanded by a lieutenant colonel with the rank of colonel in the Italian army. It was liquidated, like most of the armed forces of the Holy See, in 1970.
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The Swiss Infantry Cohort of the Pope's Holy Guard) is one of the branches of the Vatican's armed forces. It can rightfully be considered the oldest army in the world that has survived to this day. Founded back in 1506, it currently includes only 100 guardsmen who train in the Swiss armed forces and serve in the Vatican. However, she participated in hostilities only once, in 1527.
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The Vatican has no airports. There is one helipad and the 852-meter railway connecting railway station at the Cathedral of St. Peter with the main Italian network. Also, there is no television and own operator cellular communication... The only bank in the Vatican is called the Institute for Religious Affairs. The crime rate in the Vatican is incredibly high. For every resident of the country, there is at least one crime committed on the territory of the Vatican per year. In 2003, this statistics looked like this: 87.2% of the country's population commit civil offenses once a year, and criminal offenses - 133.6%. In fact, these crimes are committed by tourists and hired personnel who work in the Vatican, but live in Italy. There are practically no marriages and no children born in the Vatican. Throughout the history of the Vatican, the number of marriages that took place on its territory is about 150. The only country where not a single birth was registered in 1983 is the Vatican.
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The Vatican's economy is dependent on the printing industry, the production of coins, postage stamps, and funding activities. It is a completely non-profit state, and its economy is supported by an annual tax levied on Roman Catholic dioceses around the world. There is no agricultural industry in the state. The Vatican is home to ethnic groups such as Italians, Swiss and other nationalities around the world. The Vatican is not threatened by any natural disasters. The Vatican is an urban area with a population of about 932. The population growth rate is approximately 1.15%. Of course, there are no administrative divisions here. The head of state lives in the Lateran Palace, where the Lateran Agreement was signed. The Vatican has its own radio station, electrical supply, post office, bank, publishing house, railway station. Long before Christianity appeared, this place was considered sacred and people were not allowed to stay here.
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Lateran Palace
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IN modern form The Vatican was founded on February 11, 1929 on the basis of the Lateran agreements concluded by the government of B. Mussolini. The highest advisory bodies are the Ecumenical Council, the College of Cardinals and the Episcopal Synod. ... The Vatican has been a great cultural center since ancient times. Artists such as Michelangelo, Boticelli and Bernini have lived and worked here and have expanded the already rich Vatican culture. There are museums and libraries of great intellectual and historical importance here. The Vatican is home to world famous masterpieces of architecture - St. Peter's Basilica with interior decoration, Vatican museums, the Sistine Chapel, etc., as well as the famous Vatican Library. A total of 78 items are mapped to the Vatican City State. Among them is the "Sports Street", which is actually a path leading to the only sports facility in the state - a tennis court.
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Vatican-dwarf state-enclave within the territory of Rome, associated with Italy. The state got its name from the name of the hill Mons Vaticanus, from the Latin vaticinia - "place of fortune-telling"
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The Vatican is located on the Vatican Hill in the northwestern part of Rome. The area of \u200b\u200bthe Vatican is 0.44 km2. The Vatican is surrounded on all sides by the territory of Italy, the total length of the state border is 3.2 kilometers. The border mostly coincides with a defensive wall built to prevent illegal crossings. In front of St. Peter's Basilica, the border is the edge of an oval-shaped square (indicated by white stones in the paving of the square).
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Until 1871, the Vatican had at its disposal several so-called papal states, which by XIX century had an area of \u200b\u200babout 16,000 km2 with a population of over 3 million. On May 13, 1871, the states were incorporated into the Italian Kingdom. The independent state of the Vatican, within its present-day borders, was officially established on February 11, 1929. A bit of history ...
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The coat of arms of the Vatican, the state symbol, is a red shield, which shows two crossed keys (from Paradise and Rome). The papal tiara is located above the keys.
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The Vatican flag was adopted on June 7, 1929 by Pope Pius XI, the year of the signing of the Lateran Agreements and the creation of the independent state of the Holy See. The flag was modeled on the flag of the Papal States (sample 1808) and is a square panel consisting of two equal vertical stripes - yellow and white. In the center of the white stripe is the coat of arms of the Vatican (two crossed keys under the papal tiara).
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The political system of the Vatican is an absolute theocratic monarchy ruled by the Holy See. The sovereign of the Holy See, in whose hands absolute legislative, executive and judicial powers are concentrated, is the Pope, who is elected by the cardinals for a life term.
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Population Numbers about a thousand people. Ethnic composition: Italians, Swiss (of which, according to tradition, form the Vatican Guard). The official languages \u200b\u200bare Latin and Italian. The Vatican is the international center for Catholicism.
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Approximately 3,000 people work in the Vatican but live outside the country. Vatican citizenship is not inherited. You can get a Vatican passport only for services to the Catholic Church. According to the agreement between the Vatican and Italy, if a person ceases to be a citizen of the Vatican and does not have any other citizenship, then he becomes a citizen of Italy
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The Vatican's economy is based on serving the residence of the Pope and numerous tourists, but nevertheless, incredible amounts from all over the Catholic world flock here. The currency in circulation by the Vatican is the euro. In general, the state feeds on contributions from Catholic churches around the world. Both voluntary donations and tax revenues flock here, mainly from the United States. Also, the Vatican lives on income from tourism and from the sale of all kinds of printed materials. Economy
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A large proportion of the income comes from church tithes, which are levied on rent for land owned by churches in Catholic countries. The Vatican industry is represented by the printing industry, agriculture there is no. The Vatican owns large real estate in various countries of Europe and Latin America. The state cooperates with international banks and monopolies. Huge capital is invested in the industry of the United States of America, France, Switzerland and Great Britain, but the main finances are still concentrated in Italy.
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In addition, the Vatican owns 482 thousand hectares of cultivated area, including land in the area of \u200b\u200bRome. The Vatican also has its own bank, better known as the Institute for Religious Affairs.
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International relationships The Vatican itself does not establish diplomatic relations, does not participate in international organizations and does not conclude international treaties, since it is the sovereign territory of the Holy See. The Holy See maintains diplomatic relations with 174 countries of the world, in which it is represented by papal ambassadors (nuncios). The Vatican also maintains diplomatic relations with the EU and is a member of 15 international organizations.
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The Vatican has its own radio station, electrical supply, post office, publishing house, Few facts ... The semi-official Vatican newspaper - "L'Osservatore Romano" is published daily in Italian, weekly in English, Spanish, Portuguese, German and French and monthly in Polish. railway station, mints coins and issues stamps.
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There are no airports in the Vatican, but there is one heliport - the Vatican Heliport. It was opened in 1976 and is used to connect the Vatican with the international Rome airports of Fiumicino and Ciampino. There is a railway line with a length of 700 meters and a train station, built in 1932 from the south-west of St. Peter's Cathedral. The Vatican Railway is connected to a network of Italian railways
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Attractions The city is surrounded by medieval walls, the entrance to the Vatican is St. Peter's Square (XVIII century). The colonnade leads to the huge Cathedral of St. Peter. The Papal Palace includes over 1000 rooms, chapels, museums, and a library. Famous Sistine Chapel chapel with frescoes by Michelangelo, Museum of Egyptian Art, Etruscan Museum, Museum of Pio Clementino. There is a Vatican Pinakothek of Italian painting of the XIV-XVII centuries.
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St. Peter's Basilica This is the second largest Catholic church in the world. The cathedral stands on the square of the same name, and its dome is visible from a distance of several kilometers. The dimensions of the basilica are simply amazing - the length of the cathedral is 211.6 meters, the width is 150 m, the height of the dome inside is 119 meters, and maximum height Cathedral with a domed superstructure - 138 meters The interior of the cathedral is striking not only in size, but also in the richness of decoration. Numerous chapels house real works of art by such masters as Michelangelo, Bernini, Antonio Pollaiolo and many others. The chapels contain the tombs of many popes.
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The head of the Vatican - the Pope The head of the Vatican - the Pope - is elected for life by secret ballot at the college of cardinals (conclave), has supreme legislative, executive and judicial powers. The supreme legislative body of the Vatican is the unicameral Pontifical Council. On October 16, 1978, a Pole, Karol Wojtyla, was elected to the papal throne - the first Slavic pope in history and the first non-Italian pope in 455 years (John Paul II). After his death in 2005, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, who took the name Benedict XVI, ascended the papal throne.
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Geographical position The miniature state of the Vatican is located in the western part of the capital of Italy - Rome, on the hill of Monte Vatican. The territory of the Vatican, almost around the entire perimeter, surrounded by medieval walls, includes cult and palace complexes, gardens, museums, art galleries and administrative buildings. Formally, the Italian-Vatican border runs through St. Peter's Square, but it is not marked in any way on the ground. Based on the principles of extraterritoriality, the Vatican owns a number of objects and institutions located outside its borders, incl. the Basilica of San Giovanni in Laterano in Rome other famous churches of Rome, the radio station in Santa Maria di Galeria, the summer residence of the Pope in Castel Gandolfo. Educational institutions have the same status: Pontifical Gregorian University "Gregorianum" (founded in 1553), Pope Urban University (founded in 1627), Pontifical Lateran University (founded in 1824), Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas "Angelicum" (founded in 1909) and the Pontifical Salesian University (founded in 1940). In addition, the Vatican has land holdings in Italy and Spain.
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Features of the life of the Vatican Traffic in the narrow streets of the Vatican is not significant. Only the cars of the pope himself, cardinals, high secular dignitaries of the Roman curia, as well as personal transport of the citizens of the Vatican have Vatican numbers. The private cars of spiritual and secular employees have Roman numbers.
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Attractions of the Vatican The attractions of the Vatican are so famous and attractive from an educational point of view that every year pilgrims and tourists come to the Vatican from all over the world to admire the unique monuments. In the center of the largest Roman square of St. Peter (340 x 240 m), there is an Egyptian obelisk 25 m high. The most valuable monument of the Italian Renaissance and the Baroque era is St. Peter's Cathedral. The temple was built according to the project of Donato Bramante, and the colonnade of 284 columns framing the square is the creation of Lorenzo Bernini. The monumental facade was designed by Carlo Maderno, and the name of the customer, Pope Paul V Borghese, is engraved above its columns in Latin letters. The bulk of the cathedral is crowned with a huge dome - the creation of Michelangelo. St. Peter's Cathedral is rightfully recognized as one of the greatest masterpieces of world architecture. The Vatican palaces and museums are one of the largest complexes the world. The countless halls, galleries, libraries, lobbies, courtyards and gardens contain precious works of art collected by Roman pontiffs over the centuries. The Vatican Library has one of the richest collections of books and ancient manuscripts in the world. A fourth-century handwritten Bible is on display in the spacious Sistine Hall. The Sistine Chapel was built in 1471-81. by the architect Giovanni Dolci, commissioned by Pope Sixtus IV. In 1535-41. the famous Michelangelo painted its walls and plafond with frescoes - today it is one of the main attractions of the Vatican.
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Vatican
In the middle of Rome, surrounded by a stone wall on the hill of Monte Vaticano, is the Vatican city-state. This is the seat of the head of Christian Catholics - the Pope. The main institutions of the Roman Catholic Church operate in the Vatican, priceless works of art and countless treasures of world culture are collected.
Flag and coat of arms of the Vatican.
History of the Vatican In antiquity, the territory of the Vatican was not inhabited, since in Ancient Rome this place was considered sacred. In 326, after the arrival of Christianity, the Basilica of Constantine was erected over the supposed tomb of St. Peter and since then this place has been inhabited.
Political System and Government The Vatican is an absolute theocratic monarchy ruled by the Holy See. The sovereign of the Holy See, in whose hands the absolute legislative, executive and judicial powers are concentrated, is the Pope, who is elected by the cardinals for a life term. After the death of the Pope and during the conclave until the inauguration of the new Pope, his duties are performed by the Camelengo. Head executive power is the Secretary of State. The Vatican is governed by an administrative body - the Pontifical Commission appointed by the Holy See, headed by the Governor (the commission is appointed for a 5-year term).
Geography The Vatican is located on the Vatican Hill in the northwestern part of Rome, a few hundred meters from the Tiber. The total length of the state border, passing only through the territory of Italy, is 3.2 kilometers, although the Lateran Agreements gave the Vatican some extra-territoriality (some basilicas, curial and diocese offices and Castel Gandolfo). The border mostly coincides with a defensive wall built to prevent illegal crossings. In front of St. Peter's Basilica, the border is the edge of an oval-shaped square (indicated by white stones in the paving of the square).
Economy The Vatican City has a non-profit planned economy. The sources of income are primarily donations from Catholics around the world. Profits in 2003 amounted to $ 252 million, expenses - 264. In addition, tourism brings large revenues (sale of postage stamps, Vatican euro coins, souvenirs, fees for visiting museums). Most work force (museum attendants, gardeners, janitors and so on) are Italian citizens. The Vatican's budget is $ 310 million. The Vatican has its own bank, better known as the Institute for Religious Affairs. The Vatican has a backup power plant. Since 2008, a solar power plant with a design capacity of 100 megawatts has been under construction.
Armed Forces Until 1970, there were 4 types of armed forces: Noble Guard; Palatine (palace) guard; Papal Gendarmerie Swiss Guard. In 1970, Pope Paul VI reformed military establishment, having eliminated the first 3 types of troops and leaving the Swiss Guard, founded in 1506, to protect the state. In 2002, John Paul II restored the gendarmerie. The Swiss Guard reports directly to the Holy See.
Population Almost the entire population of the Vatican is citizens of the Holy See (there is no Vatican citizenship), who have a passport (this passport has the diplomatic status of the Holy See, indicates belonging to the inhabitants of the Apostolic Capital (Vatican) and is issued by the State Secretariat) and are ministers of the Catholic Church. As of December 31, 2005, out of 557 subjects of the Holy See, 58 are cardinals, 293 people have clergy status and are members of pontifical missions, 62 people are other clergy, 101 are members of the Swiss Guard, and the remaining 43 are laity.
St. Peter's Square and Cathedral. The Sistine Chapel.
The expanding universe at the entrance to the Vatican libraries. This is how the ancient Romans imagined the structure of the World.
Infrastructure Transport: There are no airports in the Vatican, but there is one helipad - the Vatican heliport. It was opened in 1976 and is used to connect the Vatican with the international Rome airports of Fiumicino and Ciampino. There is a railway line with a length of 700 meters and a train station, built in 1932 from the south-west of St. Peter's Cathedral. The Vatican Railway is connected to the Italian rail network. Communications: The Vatican has a radio station built in 1931. Vatican Radio broadcasts in 47 languages. Since 1949, the CTV television center has been operating in the Vatican, which prepares television programs, but does not broadcast directly.