Assembly drawing. training sketches of parts of the assembly. Examples of drawings of typical assembly units Detailing of an angle shut-off valve

Many elements of the part have standard sizes. Therefore, when indicating their numerical values \u200b\u200bin the drawing of the part, the obtained actual dimensions are rounded to the nearest standard, using the normal range of linear dimensions and diameters (GOST 6636-69 *), the standard dimensions of the radii of fillets and chamfers (GOST 10948-64 *), tapers and slopes ( GOST 8593-81), normal angles (GOST 8908-81), "turnkey" (GOST 642473 *), threads, keyways, grooves for the exit of the threading tool, etc.

On the detailed POS, some elements of the parts are shown in a simplified way, conditionally or do not show at all, which does not allow identifying their design. Usually this is expressed in the absence of casting and stamping slopes, chamfers, undercut threads when cutting it at the stop, a simplified showing of blind holes with threads, grooves and grooves for the exit of a threading or grinding tool, etc. on the FHO.On the working drawing, such elements should be depicted without simplifications completely, unless specifically stipulated in the standards. At the same time, most of these structural elements in their shapes and sizes are determined by the corresponding GOSTs, which should be used for detailing.

14.4. An example of detailing the general view drawing of the assembly unit "Valve"

To execute the example, a detailed drawing is given - the FOC of the valve (see Fig. 14.1), its specification (Fig. 13.10) and the description of the item being detailed, given below.

A valve is a type of valve designed to regulate the flow of liquid (usually water) in a pipeline and to shut off pipelines.

The liquid is supplied to the valve through the left threaded hole in the housing 1, and the outlet is through the right one. The shut-off device of the valve consists of a valve 4 and a stem 3, connected with the possibility of free rotation of them relative to each other. In the drawing, the valve is shown closed: valve 4 closes the through hole in the body 1 with a diameter of 40 mm, connecting the inlet and outlet. The valve is opened by moving the valve with the stem upward when the latter rotates in the threaded part of the cover 2 using a flywheel 6, fixed on the stem with a screw 8. Raising the stem with the valve higher and lower, change the cross-section of the bore and the flow rate of the liquid through the valve.



	Details of pos. 6 and 7 not shown


	Code 27




	Squeeze at

Á children. position 4


B (2: 1) children pos. 3
	All sizes are for reference.
	All sizes are for reference.
		40.02.013.000 ÂÎ

ÌÀÄÈ(ÃÒÓ) ãð. ...

To eliminate leaks between the body and the cover, a gasket 7 is used, and a gland seal consisting of a packing 9 and a threaded bushing 5 is used between the stem and the cover.

Materials of parts pos. 1, 2, 5 - bronze BrOCS3-12-5 ÃÎÑÒ 613-79, details of pos. 3, 4 - brass Ë62 ÃÎÑÒ 15527-70 *, details pos. 6 - aluminum alloy АË2 ÃÎÑÒ 2685-75, details pos. 7 - Cardboard A GOST 9347-74.

The results of the first stage of reading the POC are as follows:

1. The FOC, made on a scale of 1: 1, shows a valve - a product related to the valve of pipelines (see the main inscription of the drawing).

2. According to the specification, the valve consists of seven parts (body, bonnet, stem, valve, bushing, flywheel and gasket), one standard piece (screw) and material (hemp fiber) for packing the stuffing box.

3. Acquaintance with the FOC and the description of the valve made it possible to understand its purpose (in principle, the purpose of any valve is to hold or pass liquid), the general structure and principle of operation.

4. At FOC, in projection communication with each other, three

valve images: frontal (longitudinal) section (main image), top view and the connection of the halves of the left view and the profile (cross) section. The cuts reveal the internal structure of the entire product and its individual parts. Frontal section, top and left views reflect the external shapes of the valve and most of its component parts. Note that the non-hollow stem 3 is not cut in the sections, and the hole with the thread in it is shown in the local section of the stem.

The shape of the flywheel, in particular, the number of spokes and their cross-section is explained by the view À on the flywheel and the external section of the spoke placed next to it. The shape, location and number of ribs of the valve 4 reveal its appearance Á. The detail Â reveals the custom thread shape and dimensions in parts 2 and 3.

In total, the VAL of the valve is represented by seven images.

5. For CHOV 120, 72, 180 ... 200 - overall dimensions; G1 1/2, 60 (size of a wrench for connecting a valve) - installation and connection dimensions; 40 (diameter of the through hole in the valve), 135 ... 155 (distance from the axis of pipelines to the most

remote valve point), 70 (size of the handwheel that controls the valve), G1 1/2, M52x2, and outrigger B threads are dimensions that cannot be determined from the drawing. There are no mounting and executive dimensions for the PSC.

The drawing contains inscriptions on the shelves of the leader lines: “3 ribs” - indication of the number of valve ribs 4; “Type 27” - the size of the wrench for tightening the sleeve 5; " Crimp when assembling”- an indication of the connection of valve 4 and stem 3 during assembly; “Rub in” - an indication of processing when assembling the adjacent surfaces of valve 4 and body 1.

6. Body 1 is used to place and mount other valve parts in it or on it and connect it to the hydraulic system. The cover 2 provides the translational movement of the rod 3 during its rotation and the placement of the stuffing box in it, which prevents leakage of liquid between the cover and the rod. The stem moves valve 4 slidingly. The valve closes and opens the body bore connecting the subsea and outlet pipelines. Bushing 5 is a push and fix device for the stuffing box seal. Flywheel 6 drives the rod into rotation. Gasket 7 serves to eliminate fluid leaks between the body and the cover. Screw 8 fixes the flywheel to the rod. Gland packing 9 is a gland packing gland.

The fixed plug connections of the valve are the threaded connection of the body 1 with the cover 2 and the connection of the stem 3 with the flywheel 6 with the screw 8.

The head of the stem 3 is fixed in the bore of the valve 4 by crimping the edges of the bore (one-piece connection). In this case, the stem head is located in the valve bore with a gap that allows the valve to be centered relative to the body opening to be blocked and rotate freely relative to the stem.

The rod 3 is screwed into the cover 2 by means of a thread and can, when turned, move in the axial direction relative to it (movable detachable connection). In the fully screwed-in position of the stem, the associated valve abuts against the body and closes the valve.

The bushing 5 is screwed into the threaded hole of the cover 2 and has the ability to turn into it as the stuffing box packing wears out.

into the hole in the cover 2; a gasket 7 is put on the threaded outer part of the lid and the lid is screwed into the housing 1 with a wrench; fill with stuffing box packing (item 9) the stuffing box of the cover between the latter and the stem; bushing 5 is put on the stem and screwed into the cover, pressing the gland packing; a flywheel 6 is pushed onto the upper part of the stem and attached to the stem with a screw 8.

Recall that the amount of stuffing box packing in the stuffing box should be such that, during assembly, the bushing 5 is wrapped into the cover 2 by 2 - 3 turns, tightly squeezing the stuffing box packing.

When disassembling, unscrew the screw 8 and separate the flywheel 6 from the rod 3; unscrew the sleeve 5 from the cover 2 and remove the sleeve from the stem; use a wrench to unscrew the cover from the housing 1; turn the stem out of the cover. The valve 4 is not separated from the stem during disassembly.

Having received a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe valve device and the shapes of its constituent parts, at the 2nd stage of reading the FOC, the shapes of all elements of the valve parts are determined in detail and thoroughly. Consider the process of such identification of the shapes of parts using the example of a stock.

According to the specification, the stem is assigned position 3, by the number of which the image of the stem is found on the main image of the valve. To do this, find the number 3 above the shelf near this image. The leader line extending from this shelf ends with a point on the desired stock image.

Using the relationship of the images, other stock images are found on the POS. In total, it has 4 images of the stem: on the main image of the valve, the shapes of all the stem elements are basically revealed; the top view and the image on the profile plane of the projections reveal the shapes of the rod elements on which the flywheel is put on; Remote B specifies the shapes and sizes of non-standard threaded rod elements.

The stem material is brass grade L62, from which a stem blank is obtained by injection molding, then subjected to mechanical processing.

Analysis and comparison of all images of the stock on the ODS, taking into account its purpose and connections with other parts, established at the 1st step of reading the ODS, showed that the stock is an axisymmetric part, all elements of which, except for one,

formed by outer surfaces and located along a common axis in the following sequence:

- a stem head formed by the compartments of the sphere, cylindrical and conical surfaces of rotation and serving to connect the stem to the valve;

- an element with a non-standard external cylindrical thread connecting the stem with the cover and providing a reciprocating movement of the stem;

- cylindrical element connecting rod head and element

threaded;

- a cylindrical element extending from the threaded element, protruding from the cover and allowing the rod to be acted upon from the outside by means of a flywheel;

- a member for fitting onto a flywheel rod formed by four flats formed at the end of the previous cylindrical member;

- a blind hole with a standard metric thread for securing the flywheel to the stem with a screw, which is the only internal element of the stem.

Rod mating surfaces are both threaded surfaces, flats and rod heads. Free surfaces of the rod are the surfaces of its cylindrical elements.

A blind hole with a thread in the stem is shown on the FOC in a simplified way without a tapered chamfer at the beginning of the threaded hole and without taking into account the thread stock in the hole and its undercut, which should be taken into account when making the working drawing of the stem.

Similarly, the shapes of other valve parts were studied and understood.

After completing the reading of the POC (preparatory stage), they proceed to the execution and execution of working drawings of parts in the manner described, as already noted, in section 12.

The analysis of the design, shapes and sizes of parts, carried out when reading the valve's POC, showed that it is advisable to carry out working drawings of the body and cover on A3 formats, and the rest of the parts on A4 formats.

The design of the body, made by casting with subsequent machining of parts of its surfaces, is shown in the working drawing (Fig. 14.2, scale 1: 1) a frontal longitudinal section, the connection of the halves of the top view and the horizontal longitudinal section and the connection of the halves of the left and transverse view

section (Fig.14.2). In educational settings, a horizontal longitudinal section is often not performed, limited to a top view. The main image of the body is positioned so that the axis of its inlet (inlet) and outlet (outlet) holes is horizontal, and the axis of the hole for the cover is vertical, and the inlet hole should be on the left, the outlet on the right, and the hole for the cover is directed upwards. This hole in the working drawing shows a chamfer that is not visible on the FOC.

The shape of the cover, also made by casting, is reflected (Fig. 14.3, scale 2: 1) the main image - the connection of the halves of the front view, which shows three faces of the outer prismatic surface, and the front longitudinal section, which shows a through hole with smooth and threaded surfaces, and See also left view to clarify the shape of the prismatic surface and set the turnkey size. In addition to these two images, for convenience on the remote elements, the shape of the groove for the exit of the thread-cutting tool and the shape and dimensions of the non-standard thread are specified. Note that the groove is shown in a simplified manner on the FOC, and there are no chamfers in the threaded holes at all. The axis of symmetry in the main image of the cover may be lit

13 18 Á

umbrella, as in fig. 14.3, or vertical. In the first case, for the working drawing, the A3 format of the horizontal arrangement is used, and in the second - the vertical arrangement, on

which instead of the left view is the top view.
	Reveals the shape of the stock (fig.14.4,
	scale 1: 1) its main view from the
	cut to display a deaf

	threaded holes and top view for
	turnkey size setting, additional
	for convenience, part of the view
	wa, which shows two flats for
	landing of the flywheel, and a remote element
		fragment	non-standard

	threads. Blind hole with thread on
	working drawing is shown without simplified
	niy. The main stock image can
	be located horizontally (Fig.

		since the stock is mainly
	formed by coaxial		surfaces

	rotation. It is also allowed verti-
		location	main view
	stem (Fig.14.4), which is due to
	more rational		using

	drawing fields and wide use

	we have machines with vertical processing
	surfaces of revolution.
	In the drawing of the valve (fig.14.5,
	scale 1: 1) two of his
	images: top view with local

a cutaway to show the valve bore and a left view to reveal the shape and location of the ribs. In the main view, the valve is in a horizontal position with the ribs directed to the left so that the maximum number of ribs is visible (two for this valve). The valve in the working drawing is shown in the state in which it enters the assembly - before its compression on the stem head.

* Size for reference.

and the dimensions of the groove for the exit of the threading tool, shown in the FOC in a simplified manner. The gasket in the working drawing can be shown with the horizontal position of the axis as a part formed by the surfaces of revolution, or with the vertical position of the axis, which it occupies when punching holes in it in the mold.

1. Drawing design 1. 1. Main inscriptions. The form of the main inscriptions The main inscriptions are determined by GOST 2. 104 68, which establishes their shapes, sizes, the procedure for filling in the main and additional columns. Title blocks are located in the lower right corner of the drawing. On sheets of A4 format, the main inscriptions are located only along the short side 1. 2. Procedure for filling in the main inscriptions In the columns (column numbers are indicated in brackets), the main inscription indicates: in column 1 - the name of the product and the name of the design document, if it is assigned a code; in column 2 - designation of the document; in column 3 - the designation of the material (the column is filled in only on the drawings of the parts); in column 4 - the letter assigned to this document (for educational drawings, the letter "U");

O-rings The fastening of the soft O-rings to the shut-off valve is carried out by means of a nut with a washer. At constant temperatures, the metal ring can be pressed into the body of the body by pressing (a). With frequent temperature changes, in order to ensure a long service life of the valve, the sprinkling of rings made of copper alloys is carried out by deformation of the body or a ring made in the form of a double-sided or one-sided dovetail (b). Fastening of sealing rings on the thread (a) is used for increased or high hardness of the metals of the rings that cannot be expanded. In these cases, the ring is also fastened by deforming the metal of the body itself or the shutter (b).

Valve. The valve attachment to the spindle head must allow free rotation of the valve. For valves with small passages (up to 50 mm in diameter), a spindle crimp can be used. wire clip wire ring fastening the spindle head in the valve slot

Valve mounting options for large bore valves are shown in the figure below. The direction of movement of the valve in the body and the elimination of its displacement or misalignment is achieved using three or four upper or lower guide ribs.

The stuffing box seals in the fittings between the stem and the bonnet are made with soft packing. The packing is compressed by a union nut, a threaded bushing (Fig. A, b) or a stuffing box cover (Fig. C, d). The stuffing box cover is fastened with studs, T-head locking bolts (Fig. C) or hinged bolts (Fig. D). In fig. a is shown packing from a hemp or linen cord, in fig. b - packing from separate rings (asbestos plate, leather, rubber, etc.). The union nut and stuffing box are shown in the assembly drawings in the raised position. a c b d

Flywheels. The methods for attaching the handwheels to the spindle are shown in the figure below. For fittings of small passages, riveting is allowed instead of fastening the nut.

Grinding wheel exit grooves. Grinding allows you to get precise surfaces of parts. The edges of the grinding wheel are always slightly rounded, therefore, the groove for the grinding wheel exit is made in the place of the part where the presence of a shoulder remaining from the edge of the grinding wheel is undesirable. Such a groove in the drawing of the part is depicted in a simplified manner, and the drawing is supplemented with a remote element showing the profile of the groove. The types, shape and dimensions of the grooves are set by GOST 8820-69. The defining dimension for grooves on the surfaces of revolution is the surface diameter d. The dimensions of the grooves are not included in the dimensional chains of parts.

Grinding along the outer cylinder (A) Grinding along the inner cylinder (B) db External grinding d 1 Internal grinding d 2 RR 1 Up to 10 1 1, 6 d - 0.3 d + 0, 3 0, 5 0, 2 Up to 10 Sv .10 to 50 2 3 d - 0.5 d + 0.5 1 .0 0, 3 0.5

Grooves for metric threads. A groove is made at the end of the thread to exit the tool and obtain a full profile thread along the entire length of the rod or hole. In the drawings of the details, the groove is shown in a simplified manner and the drawing is supplemented with a remote element on an enlarged scale.

External thread (B) Internal thread (D) Thread pitch brr 1 D 1 Thread pitch b RR 1 d 2 0, 5 1, 6 0, 5 0, 3 d - 0, 8 0, 5 2, 0 0, 5 0 , 3 d + 0, 3 0, 6 1, 6 0, 5 0, 3 d - 0, 9 0, 6 0, 7 2, 0 0, 5 0, 3 d - 1, 0 0, 7 0.75 2, 0 0, 5 0, 3 d - 1, 2 0, 75 3, 0 1, 0 0, 5 d + 0, 4 0, 8 3, 0 1, 0 0, 5 d - 1, 2 0, 8 1, 0 3, 0 1, 0 0, 5 d - 1, 5 1, 0 4, 0 1, 0 0, 5 d + 0, 5 1, 25 4, 0 1, 0 0, 5 d - 1 , 8 1, 25 5, 0 1, 6 0, 5 d + 0, 5 1, 5 4, 0 1, 0 0, 5 d - 2, 2 1, 5 6, 0 1, 6 1, 0 d + 0, 7 1, 75 4, 0 1, 0 0, 5 d - 2, 5 1, 75 7, 0 1, 6 1, 0 d + 0, 7 2, 0 5, 0 1, 6 0, 5 d - 3, 0 2, 0 8, 0 2, 0 1, 0 d + 1, 0 2, 5 6, 0 1, 6 1, 0 d - 3, 5 2, 5 10, 0 2, 5 1, 0 d + 1, 0 3, 0 6, 0 1, 6 1, 0 d - 4, 5 3, 0 10, 0 3, 0 1, 0 d + 1, 2

Part Measurement A wide variety of measuring instruments are used to measure parts. Consider the techniques for measuring parts using the simplest tools such as a steel ruler, vernier caliper, caliper and internal gauge.

Measuring with a vernier caliper A caliper is the most common measuring tool that allows measurements with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. They can measure the diameters of the rollers, the diameters of the holes, the width of the grooves and slots, the depth of the holes and various recesses, etc. The barbell compass consists of two main parts (Fig. 18): a ruler (bar) and a frame covering the ruler. The ruler has a millimeter scale. The frame has a scale called vernier. This scale has 10 divisions. A narrow depth gauge ruler is rigidly attached to the frame. The frame with the depth gauge can move freely relative to the rod, and can also be fixed in any position with a clamping screw. Both the rod and the frame have two jaws each, allowing external (lower jaws) and internal (upper jaws) measurements to be made (Fig. 19). In any position of the frame relative to the rod, the distance between the working upper and lower jaws is equal to the length of the extended part of the depth gauge. To establish the size measured with a caliper, you need to read along the ruler the number of whole millimeters that fit to the left extreme division of the vernier (zero stroke of the vernier). Then determine which order of the vernier stroke coincides with the stroke of the ruler, which corresponds to the number of tenths of a millimeter. In our example, the relative position of the ruler and vernier scales highlighted in Fig. 18, corresponds to the size 22.7 mm.

Measurements with a caliper and caliper The diameter of the hole located deep inside the part is measured with an internal caliper with an accuracy of 0.5 mm. The distance between the feet of the inside gauge is determined using a steel ruler. In cases where it is impossible to remove the calipers without knocking down its installation, the wall thickness flew (with an accuracy of 0.5 mm) can be measured as shown on the right. In this case, the legs of the calipers move apart slightly more than the thickness of the measured wall, for example, by 25 mm. Having now measured the distance between the legs of the calipers, "subtract from the obtained value added to the wall thickness of 25 mm, ie a \u003d 37 25 \u003d 12 mm. To measure the center-to-center distance of holes of the same diameter, use a caliper or an internal gauge, applying them to the walls of the holes. The required distance will be equal to the sum of the measured distance and the diameter of one of the holes. If the diameters of the holes are different, then the half-sum of the diameters must be added to the distance between the nearest walls of the holes. The height of a part can be measured using two rulers.

To determine the radii of the curvature of the protrusions and depressions of the part, use the templates of the radius gauges (Figure 22, a). The set of radius templates is enclosed in a metal casing. On the one side of the casing, templates with rounded protrusions are fixed, intended for determining the radii of the valleys, and on the other side, templates with the same valleys for determining the radii of the protrusions. The size of the radius is indicated on each template. Larger rounds, as well as flat rounds, can be made using a print on the paper, by overlaying it on the rounded part of the part and crimping or outlining the rounding contour with a finely sharpened pencil. Using a compass, determine the radius of the rounding. The resulting size is rounded to the nearest normal radius in accordance with GOST 6636 69. Elements with threads are often found in details, for the measurement of which special templates are used, called thread gauges. They are a set of metal plates with projections that match the thread profile. On the casing of the thread gauge for metric threads M 60 ° is indicated (Fig. 22 b), and for pipe D 55 °. Measuring the thread pitch consists in selecting a template, the teeth of which completely enter the troughs between the threads. Then, using a vernier caliper, the outer diameter of the thread of the rod (nominal thread diameter d) or the diameter of the cut from the hole along the protrusions (the inner diameter of the thread –d 1. , 75. According to the tables of ST SEV IBI 75, we determine the thread: M 22 x0, 75. In the absence of a thread gauge, the technique shown in Fig. 23 is applied. The thread is painted with a soft pencil lead and rolled on paper. A / n, where A. is an arbitrary distance between several strokes; n is the number of distances between strokes in size A, and n is less by one number of strokes.

Stage I the required number of species is determined, drawing the contour of the part without observing the scale, but adhering to the proportions

Valve. General view drawing. An example of a general arrangement drawing Dimensioning on a general arrangement drawing On educational drawings, dimensions are put down in font No. 5, and position numbers in fonts No. 7 or No. 10. The main inscription is the same as on sketches 55 x 185 - form No. 1. In educational drawings general types, the following dimensions should be applied: 1. Overall dimensions that determine the largest dimensions of the product in length, width, height. 2. The dimensions of the mating surfaces (along which the parts of the assembly unit are in contact), including the threaded surfaces. 3. Mounting dimensions by which this product is installed on site. 4. Constructive and calculated dimensions due to the peculiarities of the work of the part in the unit. Characteristics of gears, springs, center distances, modulus, etc. and other parameters required by the detailing engineer. Free dimensions in general views are not applied, since these dimensions are taken directly from the drawing, taking into account the scale. General arrangement drawings are not production drawings. 5. Connecting dimensions. Dimensions that determine the elements by which this product is attached to another. These dimensions include: a) diameters of holes for fasteners; b) dimensions of connecting threads, etc.

Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine Sevastopol National Technical University EXPLODED DRAWING. EDUCATIONAL SKETCHES OF THE NODE PARTS Methodical instructions for the implementation of individual tasks in engineering graphics for students of technical specialties of full-time and part-time education Sevastopol 2009 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 2 UDC 744 Assembly drawing ... Tutorial sketches of detail parts. Methodological instructions for the implementation of individual tasks in engineering graphics for students of technical specialties, full-time and part-time forms of study. / Comp. A.F. Medved, V.G. Sereda, A.I. Dubovik. - Sevastopol: Publishing house SevNTU, 2009 .-- 32 p. The methodological instructions contain brief explanations necessary for making sketches of the parts included in the assembly, as well as the assembly drawing of the assembly and drawing up the specification. Methodical instructions are intended for technical specialties of full-time and part-time students. Methodological instructions were approved at a meeting of the Department of Descriptive Geometry and Graphics, minutes No. 6 dated January 16, 2009. Approved by the educational and methodological center of SevNTU as methodological instructions. Reviewer: Smagin V.V., Associate Professor, Cand. tech. Sciences Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION …………………………… ……………………… ... Purpose and content of the assignment ……… ............................... ................ Drawing up a structural diagram of the unit ………………………… ... Sketching the details of the unit ...…. …………………… … .. Execution of the technical drawing of the part …………………… Execution of the assembly drawing of the unit ... .. ………………… ..... Execution of the specification… .. …………………………… … .. Questions for self-control ……………………………………. CONCLUSION ………………………………………………… BIBLIOGRAPHIC LIST ………………………… 3 3 4 5 19 24 27 30 30 31 INTRODUCTION A node is a detachable or one-piece connection component parts of the product. In the educational process for a unit (for example, a crane or a valve), perform: - sketches of unit parts; - assembly drawing of the unit; - specification. An assembly drawing of a subassembly is a document containing an image of an assembly unit and other information necessary for its assembly (manufacturing) and control. Instructional sketches of the assembly are performed in the design (educational general view) or technological (educational assembly drawing) versions. The instructional assembly drawing should give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe location and interconnection of the parts included in the assembly. The assembly drawing of the assembly indicates the position numbers of the parts, overall, mounting and connecting dimensions. 1. PURPOSE AND CONTENT OF THE TASK Purpose: - acquisition and consolidation by students of practical skills in making sketches of parts from nature, measuring parts, setting dimensions on sketches and performing technical drawings; - study of GOSTs: 2.108-68 - Specification, basic requirements for the implementation of assembly drawings and 2.109-73 - Basic requirements for drawings; - acquisition of practical skills in drawing up an assembly drawing of a unit and filling out a specification. Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 4 Contents of the task: - make sketches of the parts included in the assembly (except for standard ones); - draw an assembly drawing of the unit; - draw up a specification in accordance with GOST 2.108-68. 2. DRAFTING A STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM OF A NODE Full-time students receive a node at the department in accordance with an individual option, and correspondence students choose a node on their own and present it together with the work performed. The assembly must include at least four parts, excluding standard parts and materials. To complete the task, you must: - familiarize yourself with the design of the unit, establish the purpose and principle of its operation; - disassemble the unit into its component parts and assemble it in the reverse order; - draw up a scheme for dividing the product into its component parts; - assign a name to the unit and its components; As an example, a straight-through valve diagram with a nominal bore of 15 mm has been drawn up. The general view of the valve and its section are shown in Figures 1a, b. a) b) Figure 1 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 5 We disassemble the valve into its component parts: - unscrew the nut 12, remove the washer 14 and the flywheel 10; - unscrew the union nut 5 and remove the gland sleeve 6; - unscrew the fitting 3 from the body 1 together with the stem 4, the valve 2, the gasket 9, the nut 11 and the washer 13, the gland seal 15 and the support ring 7; - remove the gasket 8 between the fitting and the body; - unscrew the stem with the valve, gasket, nut and washer from the fitting; - remove the stuffing box seal 15 and the support ring 7 from the fitting; - unscrew the nut 11, remove the washer 13 and the gasket 9; - we disconnect the stem 4 and the valve 2. The components of the assembly (parts and material) are shown in Figure 2. The scheme of dividing the product into component parts is shown in Figure 3. The valve includes four standard parts: two nuts and two washers, as well as material - hemp ... Thus, for this valve, you need to sketch ten parts. 3. IMPLEMENTATION OF SKETCHES OF THE NODE DETAILS A sketch is a temporary drawing made by hand on an eye scale with respect to proportions. Sketches of parts and technical drawing are made in pencil on paper in A4 or A3 format. The completed sketches and technical drawing are stitched into the album. A sample title page is shown in Figure 4. The following sequence of sketching is recommended: - selection of the main view and the number of part images; –Selection of sheet format and drawing of part images; - drawing extension and dimension lines; - measurement of parts and setting of dimensional numbers; - application of signs and roughness parameters (it is allowed not to put down on educational drawings); - determination of the grade of the material; - filling in the title block; - sketch check. In the title block of the drawing, the name of the product is written in the nominative singular. In a name consisting of several words, a noun is placed in the first place, for example, "Union nut". Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 6 Figure 2 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 7 Valve straight through Nut M6 GOST 5915-70 Flywheel Washer 6 GOST 11371- 78 Fitting Union nut Gland sleeve Gasket Stem Valve Gasket M5 nut GOST 5915-70 Washer 5 GOST 11371- 78 Support ring Hemp PS GOST 5152-66 Housing Figure 3 Examples of execution and design of sketches of parts are given in Figures 5 ... 14. Depending on the design of the connection of the stem and valve parts, their shapes may vary slightly. Figures 15a, b show the types of stem connections with the valve. Figures 15a, b show examples of thread execution on the stem shank with thread runaway and with a groove for the cutter to exit for fastening the flywheel with a nut. The dimensions of the groove are selected according to GOST 10549-80 depending on the thread pitch. Figure 15c illustrates the design of a stem shank designed to secure the flywheel with a screw. Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 8th, 2nd, 2nd, 2nd, 2nd, 3rd, 3rd, 4th, 3rd I start with the geo and the graphs AUGUST AND YOURSELF, "THAT'S ABOUT IT'S GETTING IT'S GOTH. ÈÌ - 21d Swan en ko A. Ï. Checked on é book 070374 Ï on the top of the list: up to cen metren ko a.. January 2009 Figure 4 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 9 Figure 5 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http: //www.novapdf. com) 10 Figure 6 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 11 SNTU.701400.004 9 7 1.6o450 2 chamfers M6 9 M12x1.5 R1 5 0 8 13 42 75 SNTU .701400.004 Liter Rev. Sheet Document No. Signature Date Ivanenko 15.10.08 Developed by Checked by Petrenko T.contr. Mass Mass. Pcs approx Sheet Sheets Caf. NGiG group IM- 21d N.contr. Approved. Figure 7 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 12 Union nut Figure 8 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 13 SNTU.701400.002 Valve Figure 9 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 14 A- AAA SNTU.701400.010 Flywheel AK12 GOST1583-93 Figure 10 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 15 SNTU.701400.009 Gasket Rubber GOST 7338-90 Figure 11 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 16 SNTU.701400.008 Gasket Rubber GOST 7338-90 Figure 12 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 17 SNTU.701400.003 36 15 11 1.6 45 ° 9 10 6 30 ° 25 3 ° M20 1 , 5 14 1.5 14 M12 ° 45 M20 1.5 2 chamfers 1 45 ° 7 24 13 22 SNTU.701400.003 Letter Rev. Sheet Document No. Signature Date Created. 10/15/08 Ivanenko Checked by Petrenko T.contr. N.contr. Approved. Mass Mass. Fitting Sheet Br. OTsS 4-4-4 GOST 5017-74 Sheets Caf. NGiG group IM-21d Figure 13 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) Figure 14 ÑÍ ÒÓ.701400.001 18 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http: / /www.novapdf.com) 19 Valve Stem Valve Stem a) b) Figure 15 a) b) c) Figure 16 4. PERFORMANCE OF THE TECHNICAL DRAWING OF THE DETAIL In the task, students perform a technical drawing of the detail in a rectangular isometric view with one quarter cut. A technical drawing can be performed together with a sketch of a part on a single sheet or in a separate format. In the first case, the arrangement of the axes of the technical drawing must correspond to the arrangement of the axes of the part (Figure 17). If the technical drawing is performed on a separate sheet, then the location of the axes in the technical drawing does not depend on the location of the axes in the sketch (Figure 20). The sequence of construction of the technical drawing of the "Housing" part is shown in Figures 18 ... 20. The construction of isometric projections of parts is carried out in the following sequence: - build axonometric axes in thin lines and all lines of the outer and inner contours lying in the planes parallel to the OXY and OYZ planes (Figure 18); - build the lines of the outer contour of the part and sections of the part with projection planes passing along the axes OX and OY, i.e. cut out the fourth part of the part - (Figure 19); - remove invisible lines and lines of the cut part of the part and perform cross-section hatching (Figure 20). Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) Figure 17 ÑÍ ÒÓ.701400.001 20 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 21 Figure 18 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 22 Figure 19 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 23 SNTU.701400.001 Figure 20 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 24 5. IMPLEMENTATION OF ASSEMBLY DRAWING OF ASSEMBLY An assembly drawing is a drawing containing an image of an assembly unit (assembly) and other data necessary for its assembly and control during assembly (GOST 2.102-68). The assembly drawing is made on a sheet of A2 format according to sketches of parts previously made by the student, checked by the teacher, as well as drawings of standard parts and materials taken from the reference book that are included in this unit. The assembly drawing must contain: - an image of the assembly unit with the necessary views, sections, sections and the main inscription; - instructions on the connection method (if necessary); - position numbers of the component parts of the unit; - dimensions: overall, installation, connecting, controlled and reference. A sample assembly drawing is shown in Figure 21. Consider the sequence of drawing the assembly drawing of a straight through valve. 1. Set the required number of images (views, sections, sections). For a visual representation of the design of a straight-through valve, it is enough to draw a frontal section along the axis of the stem, a left view and an additional view of the flywheel. In the left view, half of the view is combined with half of the profile section. 2. On a sheet of A2 format, the drawing is broken down using the dimensional rectangles. 3. Draw with thin lines in both views: 3. 1. The main part is the body. Then draw the fitting together with a sealing gasket. 3.2. The component moving parts of the product are drawn - the rod together with the plate, gasket, washer and screw. Products with moving parts are drawn in the closed position, for example, vices, valves, dampers, and plug valves in the open position. 3.3. A stuffing box seal is drawn - a support ring, a stuffing box packing, a stuffing box sleeve and a union nut. Gland packing is used to fill the space between the stem and the union from the support ring to the top of the union. The packing is sealed by means of a gland sleeve and a union nut. The conical surfaces provided on the support ring and the lower part of the stuffing box sleeve, when screwing the union nut, press the stuffing box packing against the stem. 3.4. Draw a flywheel and parts for attaching the flywheel to the stem - a nut and a washer. The flywheel is drawn in the main and top view. Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) Figure 21 25 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 26 4. Stroke contour lines with a thickness of 0.6 ... 0.8 mm and shading in cuts and sections with lines 0.3 ... 0.4 mm thick. Adjacent parts from the same material are hatched in different directions or with a change in the distance between the dashed lines. 5. Provide overall and connecting dimensions. 6. Draw leader lines and place part numbers on the shelves of leader lines. Position numbers are affixed in such a way that they are located on one (or several) verticals, on one (or several) horizontals, or horizontally and vertically. 7. Fill in the main inscription, indicate (if necessary) technical requirements or technical characteristics of the product. 8. On a separate sheet perform the product specification. The assembly drawing is performed with conventions and simplifications: - it is allowed not to indicate such elements of parts as chamfers, fillets, grooves, grooves and other small elements in views and sections; - the heads of bolts and nuts having a hexagonal shape are simplified; - the slots of the heads of screws and screws are shown with one solid thickened line; - projections of lines of intersection of curved surfaces can be drawn in a simplified way, if their exact construction is not required. For example, instead of curved curves, you can draw circular arcs; - a smooth transition from one surface to another is shown conditionally or not shown at all, - solid or standard parts - bolts, screws, studs, nuts, washers, balls, wedges, etc. in longitudinal section, not dissected; - the stiffening ribs of the parts (spokes of flywheels, gear wheels) and thin walls in the longitudinal section are not shaded; - the edges of a square hole or rod are marked with solid thin lines drawn along the diagonals. Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 27 Pos. Zone Format Name Designation Qty. Note 8 15 5 6. FULFILLMENT OF SPECIFICATIONS A specification is a text document that defines the composition of an assembly unit (assembly) required for manufacturing, completing design documents and planning the launch of the specified products. The specification is drawn up for each assembly unit, complex and set on separate A4 sheets in form 1 (cover sheet) and 1a (subsequent sheets). The dimensions of the specification and the title block for form 1 are shown in Figure 22 and for form 1a - in Figure 23. 6 6 8 70 63 10 22 185 5 8x5 \u003d 40 rev. Sheet Developed Check. Document No. 15 10 Signature Date 22.03.03 N.contr. Approved. Designation Name Product code 5 55 Sheet 15 Sheets 20 55 23 15 7 10 Pos. Zone Format Name Designation Qty. Note 8 15 5 Figure 22 6 6 8 70 63 10 22 185 23 15 10 Sheet Change. Sheet no. Document. Signature Date Designation Figure 23 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 8 7 555 7 10 28 The specification contains seven columns: "Format", "Zone", "Pos.", "Designation", "Name", "Quantity" and "Note" and is filled in according to the following sections: - documentation (indicate the assembly drawing); - assembly units (if they are included in the unit); - details (write down all the details of the unit for which the sketches were made, in the nominative case, singular); - standard parts; - materials (enter data on the materials used). The columns of the specification are filled in as follows: - in the column "Format" indicate the format of the documents, the designation of which is recorded in the column "Designation". The column is not filled out for documents recorded in the section "Standard products" and "Materials"; - in the column "Zone" indicate the designation of the zone in which the assembly drawing is located, if the drawing field is divided into zones; - in the column "Pos." indicate the serial numbers of the component parts of the product in accordance with the sequence of their recording in the specification; - in the column "Designation" indicate: in the section "Documentation" - the designation of the recorded documents, for example, SNTU.702700.000SB, and in the sections "Assembly units", "Parts," Kits "- designations of the main design documents for the products recorded in these sections , for example, SNTU. 702,700.001; - in the column "Name" in the section: "Documentation" write down the name of the documents, for example, "Assembly drawing". In the sections "Assembly units", "Parts," Kits, indicate the name of the products in accordance with the main inscription on the main design documents of these products. In the section "Standard products" indicate the names and designations of products in accordance with the standards for these products. In the section "Materials" - designation of materials in accordance with the standards and specifications for these materials. –In the column "Quantity" indicate the number of components included in one specified product. In the "Materials" section, the number of materials per one product is recorded, indicating the unit of measurement. - in the "Note" column write additional information to the component parts of the product. Several free lines and positions are left after each section. An example of a completed specification is shown in Figure 24. Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) Pos. Zone Format 29 Num. Note Name Designation Documentation А2 SNTU.701400.000SB Assembly drawing Details A3 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 1 2 3 4 5 6 SNTU.701400.001 SNTU.701400.002 SNTU.701400.003 SNTU.701400.004 SNTU.701400.005 SNTUNT.701400.006 7 SNTU.701400.008 9 SNTU.701400.009 10 SNTU.701400.010 Body 1 Valve Connecting Rod Collar nut 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Gland bushing Gland ring Gasket Gasket Flywheel 1 Standard products 11 1 Nut М5.5.018 GOST5916- 70 Nut М6.5.018 GOST 5915- 70 12 13 1 1 Washer С.5.01.08kp.018 GOST 11371- 78 Washer С.6.01.08kp.018 14 1 GOST 11371- 78 Materials Hemp PS GOST 5152-66 0.02 kg 15 Mod. Sheet Developed Check. T.contr. N.contr. Approved. Document No. Signature Date 22.10.08 Ivanenko Petrenko SNTU.701400.000 Letter Valve Sheet 1 Dep. NGiG gr.IM-21d Figure 24 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) Sheets 1 30 7. QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CONTROL 1. What should the assembly drawing contain? 2. What is the sequence of the assembly drawing of the product from nature? 3. What simplifications are allowed on assembly drawings? 4. What dimensions are applied on assembly drawings? 5. How are the component parts of the product marked on the assembly drawing? 6. What is specification? 7. For which products is the specification drawn up? 8. List the columns of the specification. CONCLUSION As a result of the assignment, students should know: - GOST 2. 305-68 - Images: views, sections, sections; - GOST 2.307-68 - Dimensioning; - GOST 2.311-68 - Image of the thread; - GOST 2.312-72 - Conventional images and symbols of welded joints; - GOST 2.313-82 - Conventional images and designations of permanent joints; - GOST 2.317-69 - Axonometric projections; - GOST 2.108-68 - Specification; - GOST 2.109-73 - Basic requirements for drawings; be able to: - make sketches and technical drawings of the details of the assembly from nature; - to carry out an assembly drawing and fill out a specification. Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 31 BIBLIOGRAPHIC LIST 1. Geometric drawing with drawing rules: Methodological guidelines for independent work in the discipline "Descriptive geometry, engineering and computer" graphics for full-time and part-time students / Comp. A.F. Medved, V.G. Sereda, N. Ya. Smirinskaya. - Sevastopol: SevNTU Publishing House, 2005 .-- 38 p. 2. Kovtun V.N. Reference materials for the execution of drawings of instrument engineering: Handbook / V.N. Kovtun. - Sevastopol: SevNTU Publishing House, 2002 .-- 132 p. 2. Levitsky V.S. Mechanical engineering drawing and automation of the execution of drawings / V.S. Levitsky. - M .: Higher. shk., 2001 .-- 429 p. 3. Methodical instructions on the rules for applying dimensions for independent work of students when performing individual tasks / Comp. A.F. Medved, L.N. Ivaschenko. - Sevastopol, 1989 .-- 25 p. 4. Mikhailenko V.Є. Engineering and computer graphics: pidruch. for stud. vishykh zakl. ositi / V.Є. Mikhailenko, V.V. Vanin, S.M. Kovalov; for ed. V.Є. Mikhailenka. - K .: Karavela, 2003 .-- 344 p. 5. Descriptive geometry and drawing. Engineering graphics. Methodological instructions for the course and test tasks for students of engineering specialties by correspondence education / Comp. A.M. Preris [et al.]. - Kharkov: UZPI, 1986 .-- 151 p. 6. Popova G.N. Mechanical engineering drawing: Ref. / G.N. Popov. - L .: Mechanical engineering, Leningrad. department, 1986 .-- 447 p. 7. Drawing up a drawing of a product from nature. Methodical instructions for independent work in the discipline "Mechanical engineering drawing" / Comp. M.N. Logunenko, L.V. Galkina, L.I. Maximovsky. - Sevastopol: KMU SPI, 1988 .-- 48 p. 8. Reference manual for drawing / V.А. Bogdanov [and others]. - M .: Mashinostroenie, 1989 .-- 864 p. 9. Instructional sketches and drawings of parts. Methodological instructions for the implementation of individual tasks in engineering graphics for students of technical specialties, full-time and part-time forms of study. / Comp. A.F. Medved, V.G. Sereda. - Sevastopol: Publishing house of SevNTU, 2009. - 40p. 10. Reading and detailing the general arrangement drawing. Methodical instructions for students' independent work. / Comp. L.V. Galkin. - Sevastopol: SevGTU, 1998 .-- 28 p. 11. Sketches and drawings of parts. Methodological instructions for completing the assignment for the course "Descriptive geometry and engineering graphics" / Comp. V.G. Sereda. - Sevastopol: KMU SPI, 1990 .-- 22 p. Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) 32 Order No. _____ from "____" _________________ Circulation _______ copies. SevNTU Publishing House Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)

Figure 1.22 shows an assembly drawing of a valve, the body of which and some parts are made by casting. The valve specification (first sheet and following) is shown in Figures 1.23 and 1.24.

Figure 1.25 shows an assembly drawing of a valve with a welded body; the flywheel of this valve is a reinforced product. The valve specification is shown in Figure 1.26.

Drawings of valves with a conical plug are shown in Figures 1.27 and 1.29, and the specifications for them are respectively in Figures 1.27 and 1.30. In the first case, the sealing force on the plug is created by the gland sleeve using bolts, and in the second case, by the spring.

Figure 1.32 shows a drawing of a valve with a ball plug. Its specification is shown in Figure 1.31.

Figure 1.12 - Drawing of the assembly unit ²Spindle²