What you need to open your own grocery store. How to open a grocery store from scratch: the most detailed business plan. Grocery store equipment

The food business is relevant anytime, anywhere, because satisfying hunger is the most important need of any person. Is it profitable to open a grocery store, how much money does it take to start a business and how to attract customers? All the information a budding entrepreneur needs is collected here.

IP registration

The first step towards opening a grocery store is registering individual entrepreneur... An independent one costs from 1800 to 6000 rubles. This amount includes the mandatory costs:

state duty - 800 rubles;
making a record about the individual entrepreneur in the USRIP (notary service) - 1000 rubles.

And optional:

- 300-3000 rubles. depending on the type;
opening a bank account - 800 rubles.

Finding a place to shop

The profitability of a grocery store depends on its location:

the most passable places are near train stations, bus stops, metro stations, large business and entertainment centers;
there should be no supermarkets near the store;
in order for the outlet to always be provided with a stable income, try to choose areas with a population of about 1500 people;
it has been observed that if a supermarket is located more than 10 minutes' walk from the house, customers prefer to use the services of small shops around the house. Do not forget about this when choosing a place;
if the assortment consists mainly of inexpensive essential products, it is beneficial to open a store in a residential area.

Rent or buy?

A grocery store can be opened in a rented space, or you can buy a modular building for a retail outlet. The first option is the least expensive, even considering that the store will most likely have to be renovated. The only drawback is the need to pay monthly rent for the premises.

Modular pavilions are expensive, although they have their advantages:

you yourself choose where to locate the store;
there is no need to pay rent every month;
the building is easy to install and dismantle.

Average cost of a modular building depending on the area:

20-30 m 2 - 300-500 thousand rubles;
40-50 m 2 - 560-750 thousand rubles;
60-80 m 2 - 800-1,000 thousand rubles.

Add to the sum the costs of transportation and installation (100 thousand rubles) and summing up communications (100 thousand rubles).

What area should a grocery store have

The size of the outlet is limited only by your financial capabilities and range. For most grocery stores selling over the counter, a room with an area of \u200b\u200b30–50 m 2 is sufficient.

Paperwork

To open a grocery store, you will need the following documents:

iP registration certificate;
lease agreement or document confirming ownership of the premises;
sES conclusion, sanitary passport;
the conclusion of the fire service;
medical books of employees;
garbage collection agreement;
a certificate confirming the entry of the individual entrepreneur into the commercial register;
book of reviews and suggestions;
cashier's book and other documents to the cash register;
quality certificates for products;
information for buyers, in particular the text of the law "On the protection of consumer rights".

In some cases, additional documents are required to open a grocery store. For example, if you plan to hire foreign citizens, you need to issue a special permit. Licenses will also be needed if the store sells tobacco and alcoholic beverages.

Equipment purchase

A significant part of the initial cost is associated with the purchase of commercial equipment, including:

cash machine;
refrigerators and freezers;
showcases;
libra;
racks, food storage containers, knives, cutting boards.

The total cost of new equipment is on average 150 thousand rubles. Buying used equipment allows you to save up to 50% of this amount. Installation of video surveillance will cost an additional 10 thousand rubles, and 50 thousand rubles will have to be spent on equipment for bottling beer. However, the latter is optional.

Do not forget also that at first it is necessary to provide an initial commodity stock, which requires from 300 to 500 thousand rubles. A sign for a store will cost from 3 to 5 thousand rubles.

Recruitment and determination of the payroll

The number of employees in a store depends on its size and working hours. Convenience stores typically require 4 salespeople, two per shift. For a small store that closes for the night, two people are enough, who will work according to the schedule a week in a week, two in two, etc. The salaries of sellers fluctuate between 10-15 thousand rubles.

If you don't have managerial experience, you can't do without a hired director. The salary of a store manager is on average 30 thousand rubles. You will also need a loader and a cleaning lady, each with a salary of 8-12 thousand rubles.

Besides salaries the employer pays an additional 22% of the employee's salary to the FIU on a monthly basis. Income tax individuals (Personal income tax) is also transferred by the business owner, but in fact this amount (13%) is deducted from the employee's salary.

Assortment formation and markup determination

It is impossible to immediately determine the needs of your customers - only experience will help you to form the optimal assortment of the store. The location of the outlet is of great importance: while chocolates, ice cream, pasties and similar products are in demand in the city center, the residents of the dormitory areas buy mainly bread, milk, eggs.

Grocery store assortment

A small store within walking distance must have essential goods: household chemicals, bread, dairy products, personal hygiene items. These are the most demanded products that provide the store with stable revenue. It is also important to consider the needs of your target audience when forming the assortment.

Suppose there are no vegetables in the nearby shops, so customers have to go to the market for them. Use this circumstance to your advantage - offer people what they need. Even if a kilogram of potatoes costs more for you than in the same market, customers will still come to your store. The desire to save time and effort usually outweighs the desire to save money.

Another tip: do not copy the range of competitors, offer people what others do not have, and your store will quickly gain loyal customers.

Markup on goods

The entrepreneur determines the cost of most of the goods independently. The average mark-up on store products over the counter is 30%. However, there are a number of products with state-regulated retail prices: children food, medical preparations, products sold in the Far North regions and equated to them.

Monthly revenue and payback period

Small grocery stores pay off much faster than supermarkets. Whereas for the latter they reach profitability only after 5-6 years, a grocery store with an average monthly revenue of 700-800 thousand rubles and a net profit of 60-70 thousand rubles pays off in a year.

What contracts an entrepreneur needs to conclude

Before opening a grocery store, you must conclude several contracts:

with a bank that will carry out collection and service your current account;
from security companythat will take control of your store;
with wholesale companies supplying products. To provide the most complete assortment, it is worth concluding contracts with several suppliers. These can be wholesale companies offering products of different brands, or representatives of the manufacturer;
one of the mandatory requirements of the SES is the conclusion of a contract for the removal of garbage and solid waste.

Summary

It is impossible to say exactly how much it costs to open a grocery store, but the approximate initial costs are easy to determine:

paperwork - 5-10 thousand rubles;
lease of a sales area - on average 30 thousand rubles (repairs 10-30 thousand rubles) Purchase of a modular pavilion - 300-1 000 thousand rubles (delivery, installation and arrangement - 200 thousand rubles);
purchase of new equipment - 150 thousand rubles; used - from 80 thousand rubles;
initial inventory - 300-500 thousand rubles;
staff salary - 40-120 thousand rubles;
signboard - 3-5 thousand rubles.

Bottom line: opening a retail outlet requires from 500 thousand rubles to 2 million rubles.

At first, you may be faced with an excess of goods. Nothing wrong with that. Before making the next purchase, analyze what products are used in great demand, and buy only the demanded items.

Open direct access to the most popular and inexpensive products. Place the least popular and expensive ones behind the counter. This will speed up service and simplify the seller's work.

If you plan to sell cigarettes and alcohol in the future, choose the place with great care. In accordance with the law, a store located less than 100 meters from a school or kindergarten, has no right to trade in tobacco and alcoholic products.

A small grocery store is unable to compete with a large supermarket chain. It is a fact: in a store within walking distance, prices are usually higher, and the range is much smaller. How to open a grocery store and not be left without customers? Examine your competitor's weak points. For example, if the supermarket is open from 8:00 to 23:00, move your store to work around the clock, but do not forget to calculate in advance the financial feasibility of such a regime.

There is no shortage of retail grocery outlets today. In any city, regardless of size, there is a serious struggle for the consumer. Moreover, the crisis buyer is no longer a cake. Is it a good idea for a small business to open a grocery store during a crisis? Will a lone retailer be able to withstand the networkers?

The situation in retail, including grocery, is not rosy: the crisis has affected all federal and regional chains, autonomous stores and markets. To successfully start in this area, you need to take into account a lot: the directions of retail development during the crisis, changing customer behavior, the prospects of niches, new legislation ... Let's try to figure out how to open a grocery store from scratch in 2016 so as not to burn out.

Product market - 2016

Situation and trends

Retail is storming. According to the report of the Ministry of Economic Development "On the results of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation in 2015" turnover retail in January-December 2015 amounted to 27,575.7 billion rubles, i.e. 90% of the previous year. The fall was recorded in all federal districts, the saddest situation was in Sevastopol (-23.0%), Samara region (-19.1%), Karachay-Cherkess Republic (-18.1%), Chelyabinsk region (-17.3%). Ministry of Economic Development analysts consider the retail indicators to be the worst since 1970.

Food products in 2015 occupied in the structure retail turnover 48.6%. Conclusion - grocery retail is experiencing the same difficulties as other segments of the industry. In some regions, grocery retail “got” even more. So, in Bashkortostan, food retail fell by 14.6% over the year, the industry as a whole - by 12%.

* - with extracts, only indicators affecting the retail market are presented

Source: MED report for 2015

The product market is forced to change, while trends are being traced:

points of the "Hard discounter" format are multiplying;
large chains are actively experimenting with formats, occupying traditional niches of small businesses: the U House, Semeiny, etc .;
more and more specialized stores are in demand: butchers and fish shops, eco-products, etc .;
optimization of retailers' costs leads to an increase in the local assortment;
retailers are introducing online trading as one of the sales channels.

The middle class crisis: customer evolution

Following the situation in the country, the buyer himself, his mood and behavior in stores are changing. Yes, there are consumer groups that were not affected by the crisis. However, grocery trade is on a different whale - the mass segment, represented by the middle class (and it suffered significantly during this crisis).

In 2015, not only did consumer demand fall, the dynamics and structure of consumption changed. The "middle" people began to visit grocery stores less often, but to buy more, choosing products carefully. Consumer trend - buying more needed and cheaper. Another trend is an increase in promotional activity of buyers: most are ready to move around the city in search of profitable purchases.

However, cheapness is not the main criterion for Russians when choosing products. According to a survey conducted by the Romir research holding, more than half of the population appreciates the freshness and quality of food, and people are willing to pay more for this. Three last years a group of “food patriots” appeared, preferring domestic products. There are fewer and fewer people willing to pay for brand awareness.

Networks versus singles: standalone stores stand a chance

Creature large networks small business is beyond the power of small businesses: at best, "kids" manage to promote several geographically close shops, usually of the "At Home" format or a minimarket. In the worst situation today, autonomous establishments with wine and vodka departments, the costs of which have increased following the change in the rules of alcohol trade: you have to buy jobs in the EGAIS system.

Networkers and singles are in different weight classes. It is easier for federal and large regional networks to survive during a protracted crisis. They have reserves, a better developed logistics system, more favorable terms of supply. Large retailers can afford attractive promotions and low prices by investing in “price marketing”. In addition, many chains have been developing all possible formats for a long time, displacing small businesses from their traditional territories. As a result, large retailers "kill" offline stores, enticing buyers with low prices, close location, rich assortment, more comfortable shopping conditions.

Small businesses have little chance of competing with networkers. But they are. The retail giants have a vulnerability: they are inert in terms of assortment, they are in no hurry to change large suppliers and squeeze unclaimed low-quality goods from the shelves. At the same time, more and more consumers of the mass segment prefer fresh and organic products, value freshness and quality. Small businesses can take advantage of this.

SMEs in grocery retail: components of success

In the current realities, a combination of factors brings success to a startup:

geographic proximity to the customer and simultaneous remoteness from network points;
high-quality and popular assortment;
perfect service, customer-facing service.

In terms of assortment, this is the cornerstone of success. Depending on the location of the store and its competing neighbors, you can choose a wide assortment with the presence of the “fresh” and “take-away” categories, and specialization in one product group. Sometimes combination works well: a wide selection of products with an emphasis on a specific category. For example, “only we have farm dairy products” (meat or poultry of farms, organic vegetables, “healthy baked goods”, etc.).

Despite the crisis and tough competition with networkers, small shops with a bakery, cookery, coffee shop, etc. are also promising. The main thing is the convenience and relevance of the concept.

The question "I want to open a grocery store, where to start" can be answered with advice:

first assess the viability and relevance of the business idea, analyze how it covers the needs of buyers;
think about whether you can provide quality service and original assortment, how;
choose a format suitable for the concept.

If everything fits together, then go ahead.

Choosing a grocery store format

Trading establishments selling food products, according to GOST R 51773-2009, differ:

by the form of ownership (private, municipal, unitary, etc.);
service format (full or partial self-service, through the counter, etc.);
the way of organizing trade (network, branded, autonomous);
by specialization (universal, specialized, with a combined or mixed assortment);
by type (hyper-, super- or minimarket, grocery store, supermarket, Cash & Carry store, pavilion or store "Products", "Discounter", stores "Fish", "Vegetables-Fruits", etc.);
types of retail facilities (stationary and non-stationary);
under the terms of implementation (from trading floor or without).

Not all formats can be opened by small businesses. Among these, for example, hypermarkets with an area of \u200b\u200bover 4,000 square meters. m and supermarkets (600 - 5,000 sq. m.), ie shops with a wide range and a large share of non-food products (30-40%). Consider available for SMEs modern formats.

1 "Convenient store" (convenience store), aka "Around the corner", "Next door" and "Near the house"

This format assumes a low share of sales through the counter. Store area - 50-400 sq. The assortment includes 1,500 - 3,000 items, up to 60% of which are consumer goods, that is, products of the weekly consumer basket. The share of non-food products is up to 15%.

There is an opinion that such points should offer both goods and service of average quality. However, following such a tradition in a crisis is a guaranteed failure. For U Doma stores, it is important to arrange the equipment correctly, to ensure a neat layout and high-quality service, and to avoid delays in goods. The best location is residential areas and areas of new buildings.

"Convenient" are developing today in the direction of increasing the range of food to go and the category "fresh" (fresh, not frozen food and products own production). Here you can install coffee machines, equip service areas for selling tickets, paying for services, issuing online orders, and arranging eating areas. An entrepreneur who has chosen this format, depending on the city, will compete with the network projects "Kopeyka", "Crossroads Express", "Dixie", "Every day", etc.

2 Health food store (organic products)

Refers to specialized stores with a narrow assortment, but with great depth. Trade in one group of goods is possible: dairy products, meat, honey. Trading area - 18-200 sq. m. The margin, as a rule, is higher than for analogues in non-specialized stores. The rest of the parameters (location, obligatory traffic, the share of trade through the counter) are not decisive, but are determined only by the characteristics of the profile product.

By the way, about a unique product. If the store also sells everyday products, then when laying out and placing the emphasis should be on core products: give them central racks, display them at eye level, etc.

A few figures for the well-known chain of farm dairy products Izbenka in Moscow. For trade in 70 items, 15-20 sq. m area. Opening one point requires 150,000 - 200,000 rubles. attachments. The main problem of the business is to find several reliable suppliers to ensure the stability of the price and quality of products in retail outlets.

Eco-food stores are relevant in large cities where the economically active population is not burdened with their own gardening and vegetable gardening. In settlements up to 100 thousand people, the prefix "eco" is perceived as self-indulgence. People in these cities have a lot to invest in besides organic carrots.

3 Score with mini-bakery (cooking)

In fact, this is the format “Near the house” or “Traffic” stores located at traffic intersections, but with its own bakery production. The assortment may be limited to baked goods themselves, or may include consumer goods. It is important to remember that in addition to administrative, warehouse and retail premises, you will need production area (by law, they cannot be placed everywhere).

How to choose a room, equipment and arrange all the documents for a bakery.

What is the advantage of the U Doma bakery? Bread, rolls, pies are baked in small batches. You can quickly change the assortment, respond to customer requests, focus on “healthy bread” and interesting additives. This format of the store involves the sale of drinks, the organization of places for the use of pastries, the installation of a coffee machine.

How to open a grocery store

Brainstorm

The competition in retail is enormous, and competent business planning is half the battle. Decide on the format and location of the store, find several suitable options for premises, start negotiations for rent. Make a business plan, make several options: optimistic, realistic and pessimistic.

check in

It is better to register a grocery store in the form of an individual entrepreneur or LLC. Please note that individual entrepreneurs cannot trade strong alcohol (only beer and beer drinks). Therefore, LLC is the choice of those who plan to organize a wine and vodka department at a retail outlet. Please select oKVED codes, provided for retail trade in food products, from groups 52.1 - 52.27.

Decide on the taxation system, for retail trade are optimal:

patent - only for individual entrepreneurs with a sales area of \u200b\u200bno more than 50 sq. m;
UTII - for LLC and individual entrepreneurs, if the area of \u200b\u200bthe trading floor of the pavilion / store is up to 150 sq. m;
STS “income minus expenses” - can be applied by LLC and individual entrepreneur without restrictions on retail space.

The first two systems are introduced in the regions by the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, therefore they are not available throughout the territory of the Russian Federation. The simplified tax system applies throughout the country without restrictions.

Room selection and renovation

When looking for premises for a store, you should focus on the area and location required for the selected format. In addition, grocery retail outlets must comply with the rules of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and SES, this must be taken into account.

For example, fish and vegetable stores cannot be placed in residential buildings, as well as attached / built-in premises. There are requirements for the organization of an additional exit for evacuation in case of fire, the inadmissibility of counter flows of buyers and personnel, etc. All these points are easier to take into account at the stage of selection of premises, its redevelopment and repair.

Obtaining permits and approvals

Entrepreneurs today are legally protected from excessive control of supervisory authorities, spared from many approvals and permits. A clear knowledge of their rights and responsibilities comes in handy in the event of bureaucratic "excesses in the field."

Law N294-ФЗ dated 26.12.08 "On the protection of the rights of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs in the exercise of state control (supervision) and municipal control." Let's go through the key points.
Entrepreneurs for some types of activities must notify the supervisory authorities when they start their work. Conclusions from the control authorities for starting activities (SES, Ministry of Emergencies, etc.) are the licensing requirements established for specific types business. If the activity does not involve obtaining a license, then conclusions are not needed. Conducting planned and unscheduled inspections strictly regulated, for the period 2016-2018. installed supervision holidays for small businesses (Art.26.1.).
Resolution No. 584 of 16.07.09 "On the notification procedure for the commencement of certain types of entrepreneurial activity." The document lists the types of activities for which notifications must be submitted, the procedure for filing a notification is established.

It follows from the above normative acts that retail trade in food does not belong to licensed types of activity (except for alcohol trade), therefore the store owner:

after registration with the Federal Tax Service Inspectorate, but before starting the activity, notifies Rospotrebnadzor (you need to send a form of the established form);
should not receive conclusions from the SES and the Ministry of Emergencies.

Retail trade in alcohol under the law No. 171-FZ of 22.11.95 is possible only for legal entities and only on the basis of a license. The list of licensing requirements is impressive, from the amount of the authorized capital to 1 million rubles. (established by regional authorities) until there is technical means on the transfer of information to EGAIS. But conclusions from the SES and the Ministry of Emergency Situations are not required to obtain a license for an alcohol shop. Individual entrepreneurs can only sell beer and beer drinks, but without a license.

Despite the fact that it is not necessary to obtain conclusions for a grocery store, the outlet must comply with fire safety and sanitary standards.

At the time of opening, the store must be equipped with a fire alarm and fire extinguishers, have separate emergency exits, and meet other requirements. Check out the fire safety regulations and the Emergencies Ministry's requirements for retail facilities.

On the issue of SES requirements. You need to focus on SP 2.3.6.1066-01 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for trade organizations and the turnover of food raw materials and food products in them." The main provisions of the document relate to the location and arrangement of retail outlets, their water supply, ventilation and heating, issues of receiving, storing and selling products, sanitary and hygienic rules for personnel, etc.

There are many rules and requirements, but the vast majority of them are based on common sense and is aimed at protecting the life and health of customers and store employees.

Assortment formation, selection of suppliers

Find out exactly who your client is:

people who purchase goods for immediate consumption (students, schoolchildren, young people who prefer prepared food);
purchasing groceries once a week in hypermarkets and coming to the “At Home” store for perishable goods (fruits, milk, bread);
shoppers making all purchases close to home, having no car or time for long shopping trips.

Form an assortment based on the share of which customers will prevail among buyers. Do not overload shelves with goods, do not compete in the breadth of the range with hypermarkets. Be flexible, analyze sales, survey buyers, replace poorly selling positions. Find your unique product category.

The main thing when choosing suppliers is that you must get a product that meets quality, price and range. Interact not only with wholesalers and small wholesale organizations (read: intermediaries), go to direct suppliers and manufacturers. This way you can get a big markup and choose what you really need for your store concept.

Selection of commercial equipment

A grocery store will need universal trading equipment: cash register machines, lighting, ventilation, air conditioning and heating systems, scales, card payment terminals.

In addition, you need to select equipment that depends on the range, size and layout of the room:

racks for a sales area and a warehouse;
packaging equipment, refrigeration and freezing (showcases, chests, chambers).

The refrigeration system in a grocery store is the main consumer of electricity and a significant cost item. Therefore, when choosing, pay attention not only to ergonomics, functionality and price, but also to energy efficiency.

Hiring staff. Advertising and promotion

At the final stage, it is necessary to hire employees: salespeople, administrators, accountants - everyone who is necessary for the effective functioning of the chosen concept. The main thing to remember is that sellers are persons who are in direct contact with buyers. Their task is an attentive and friendly attitude towards the client, fast and high-quality service.

If you approach the question of how to open a retail outlet correctly, over time you can develop your own big business... But for this it is necessary to carefully select the assortment of goods, constantly study the moods and preferences of buyers, and also solve all possible organizational issues in time and with the least loss.

Activity registration

First of all, the business plan of the outlet must provide legal registration your activity. As an officially registered entrepreneur, it will be easier for you to interact with the market administration. You can register as LLC, or as an individual entrepreneur.

The latter is more convenient, since the registration procedure is as simple as possible, takes a minimum of time and costs only 800 rubles. state fees. For registration you only need an application, an identification code and a passport. Also, you can choose a simplified taxation system and independently maintain all financial statements.

Product selection

An important stage in the start this business - decide on the product that you will actually trade. There are two ways - to make money on turnover or value. In the first case, your product will be products, most often seasonal vegetables and fruits. They are sold with a small margin and generate income through large sales volumes. In the second case, these are clothes and other things, the profit from which is obtained due to the high margin. In the latter case, it is necessary to expand the assortment with related products, which reduces risks. Their implementation can be up to 30% of the total turnover.

However, in both cases, you will have to face high competition in the market. Most often it is recommended to stop at the sale of household chemicals. The advice is based on the following considerations:

household chemicals have a long shelf life;
it is always in demand;
most units do not need certification;
implementation does not require the purchase of special equipment.

Features of assortment formation

But, even having decided on the direction of business, you still need to find out what exactly the proposed range should cover. Unfortunately, it will not be possible to find out in advance. To find the exact answer to this question, you need to actively work at the point for about three months. Then you can tell exactly who your customer is and what their needs are.

Therefore, first you need to purchase the most diverse product, but in small quantities. Having decided what exactly your customers need, you can increase the volume of its purchases, reducing the amount of unpopular goods.

To reduce the initial risks, one must understand that exclusive and expensive things are sold extremely slowly, and the point on the market is focused primarily on high turnover.

Product markup

The main income from a point of sale on the market will come from the mark-up on products. It is different for all products. For example, for fruits, vegetables and food, it is 15-30%, depending on the season. At the same time, for clothes and other things, it is about 100-200%. Usually the highest mark-up is on the underwear. If we talk about small goods, then the selling price can increase up to 300%.

Accordingly, the profitability from the points of different goods will be unequal. So, from the sale of vegetables per day, you can get about 6 thousand rubles, and for things - more than 20 thousand rubles. But even with a 25% markup, the investment pays off pretty quickly.

Suppliers

How to open a sales outlet on the market without suppliers of goods? Almost unrealistic. But this issue must be approached very carefully. On the one hand, the cheaper the product, the greater your revenue can be. But on the other hand, a good product will not be sold cheaply, and a low-quality product will undermine the credibility of your outlet. It is important to find the optimal balance in this matter.

To increase the profitability of your trade, try to negotiate the most favorable terms with suppliers. For example, purchase of goods by installments or for sale. With long-term cooperation, you can raise the issue of discounts.

Many suppliers are ready to deliver goods free of charge. Please check this question as it will save you money on the driver and loader.

Seat selection

A lot depends on the location of your point. It is necessary to choose the most passable place. Pay attention to what is being traded in neighboring points. It is clear that it will not be possible to exclude competition, but it is advisable to choose in advance the place where a similar product is least found. To increase the profitability of the business, it is worth opening several points in the market. This will help you test different locations and find the best one.

If the item is oversized or small, you can store it in your garage or at home. In other cases, it makes sense to sign an agreement with the market administration for the use of local warehouses.

In any case, the market administrator is the person with whom you should always have a good relationship. Then most of the organizational issues will be resolved quickly and painlessly.

Staff

A significant share of the success of your business depends on the seller, so you should not save on it. It is desirable that the seller has some work experience. But it is equally important that he be courteous with buyers, know how to find out what they need and sell the product beautifully. Please note that he must have a health book.

You should not count on the fact that you yourself will be able to sell the product and at the same time do business. For a point to generate income, it must be open at least 8 hours a day. If you trade yourself, you will not have time to resolve flow issues and develop your business.

Basic calculations

It is difficult to outline more or less clear investment volumes. They depend on what specific product you decide to trade, how many points you plan to open on the market, etc. But if we talk about the average, when you rent 10 sq. M. m. have one seller and accountant, then the expenditure part will look something like this:

lease of the point per year will cost about 192 thousand rubles.
purchase of goods - 1 million rubles. in year;
salary - 190 thousand rubles. in year;
other expenses - 50 thousand rubles. in year.

In total - about 1 million 232 thousand rubles. in year. But the amount can vary greatly depending on the region.

If you want to have an additional source of income and are thinking about where to start a business, opening a store will surely be one of the first ideas that come to mind. New outlets are opening in every city and many of them are really profitable. Learn how to open your store from scratch. step-by-step instruction will help you avoid many newbie mistakes. You can find out more important and relevant information about what you need to open a store and develop your business from the book "Retail: How to Open Your Business from Scratch".

Where to open a store

Marketers believe that two factors are most important for successful trading: the location of the store and the product in demand. Moreover, some experts assure that there are three such circumstances: place, place and place. This is, of course, a joke, but like every joke, there is a significant amount of truth in it.

Indeed, if the location of two stores (each of which sells approximately the same product) is very different, then the buyer will come where it is much closer and more convenient to get to. There is even such a concept - a zone of attraction, i.e. that territory, the inhabitants of which the store can consider as its potential customers.

IN large cities shops' attraction zones do not exceed 10 minutes (no more than 1 km) for walking and 15 minutes by transport. In residential areas of cities, 30% of residents living in this 10-minute zone consider as possible buyers. The smaller the settlement or retail outlets, the larger the store's zone of attraction. Now, when large chain supermarkets have penetrated almost all cities, outlets "near home" manage to compete with them precisely due to their proximity to customers.

Before you open your business from scratch in a room where there has not yet been a retail outlet, check with the local offices of the SES and the Ministry of Emergency Situations about whether it meets sanitary and hygienic and fire safety requirements (especially tough for grocery stores). In addition, opening a sales outlet requires approval from the local administration. It makes no sense to resolve the issue with the owner of the property or buy a premise if it turns out that it cannot be created the necessary conditions or get permission to open.

If you are thinking about how to start your business from scratch, but at the same time you do not have enough funds to rent a detached building, study the options for premises that offer shopping centers... As a rule, shopping centers are opened in places of congestion of buyers, in addition, many issues with government agencies have already been resolved, so the administrative barriers are lower here.

What to sell

Unfortunately, choosing which product will be guaranteed to sell and bring good profits is quite difficult. Even experienced sellers can make the wrong choice, and yet, certain patterns exist here. Here is a list of categories of goods in descending order of the level of consumer demand:

Products and essential items (household chemicals, office supplies, hosiery, inexpensive cosmetics, pet food);
Children's products;
Clothes and footwear;
Home goods, electronics and appliances;
Furniture, repair goods, sporting goods, watches, gifts and decorations.

Sometimes the choice of goods for sale is made by analogy with already operating stores that sell well furniture, clothes, goods for repairs, etc. However, you shouldn't just copy their assortment, offer your customers something new and on more favorable terms. In addition, the local market may be on the verge of oversaturation with goods of a certain category, and when a new outlet is opened, trade will decrease for all sellers.

By the way, find out what is the revenue of a competing store, if it is entity, can be completely legal. Request the data of the organization's annual financial statements (individual entrepreneurs do not keep accounting, therefore this method is not suitable for them) at the regional branch of Rosstat. The regulations of this public service approved by the Order of Rosstat dated May 20, 2013 No. 183.

When choosing a category of goods for sale, one must take into account not only its demand among buyers, but also the possible margin, i.e. trade margin. On average, the margin for product groups is:

Furniture and household appliances - 20-25%
Products and essentials - 30-35%;
Products for children - 40-50%;
Clothes and footwear - about 50%;
Books, accessories, jewelry - 70-80%.

Study the offers of wholesale suppliers on the Internet, there is a high probability that you will be able to find a product that is different high quality, at a low price and at the same time not represented on the local market.

How much does it cost to open a store

Bringing business ideas to life from scratch is not easy in any direction, but the field of trade is more expensive than, for example, providing services. To create a store, you need to resolve the issue with the premises, trade equipment, purchase a sufficient amount of in-demand goods, hire qualified personnel.

For each outlet, the amount of costs will be different. For example, consider how to open your business from scratch, if this is a variant of a store located a few steps from high-rise buildings. To attract buyers, in addition to the usual product range, the seller offers hot baked goods, grilled chicken of his own production, draft beer.

Let's calculate how much costs will be required for the purchase of trade and special equipment for a store with an area of \u200b\u200b50 sq. M. We will also take into account the costs of purchasing the first batch of goods and a sign.

EQUIPMENT	COST, RUBLES
Trade and cash counter
Refrigeration showcase (2 pieces)
Freezer showcase
Refrigerated confectionery showcase
Chicken grill
Heat showcase for grilled chickens
Refrigerator cabinet (2 pieces)
Bread rack (2 pieces)
Freezer chest (2 pieces)
Convection 4-deck oven
Equipment for draft beer
Trade racks (6 pieces)
Electronic trade scales
Other trade inventory
Cash register with internet connection
Purchase of goods
Light sign

To the costs of opening a store, conditionally fixed costs must be added, such as rent, utilities and security services, staff salaries, taxes and fees. This amount will be about 150,000 rubles per month. Don't forget about free working capital to replenish the assortment - 200,000 rubles. In total, if you want to open such a store near your home, you need to have an amount of 1.5 million rubles.

When can such an investment in a store pay off, and it will become profitable? Suppose that 8 people enter the store per hour, the average check is 250 rubles. With a 12-hour mode of operation, the average revenue will be 24,000 rubles per day or 720,000 rubles per month. With such indicators, the store has every chance of paying off within one year.

What to register: individual entrepreneur or LLC

How to open your business from scratch in trade - in the format of IP and LLC? It is necessary to know about the characteristics of these organizational and legal forms, because they differ significantly from each other.


IE is registered only for one person	An LLC can have from 1 to 50 members
The state duty for registration is 800 rubles, the authorized capital is not required.	The state duty for registration is 4,000 rubles, minimum size authorized capital 10,000 rubles
From the moment of registration, the entrepreneur is obliged to pay insurance premiums for a future pension, even if it does not operate or has no profit. In 2017, the minimum amount of contributions is 27,990 rubles.	There is no need to pay insurance premiums for a founder who is not registered with the state, but he does not receive a retirement record either.
For business debts, the individual entrepreneur pays all personal property (except for the only housing). Deregistering an individual entrepreneur does not stop his debt to partners and the budget.	The founder is responsible for the debts of the LLC within the limits of the share in the authorized capital. Creditors can bring the founder to subsidiary liability at the expense of personal property, if they prove that the actions of the owner led to the insolvency of the company. After the liquidation of the LLC, no claims against the founder are possible.
An individual entrepreneur does not need to maintain accounting and corporate documentation, therefore, for business beginners, this format is much easier than an LLC.	The organization has more reporting, it is necessary to keep accounting, draw up decisions and protocols of the founders.
The amount of most administrative fines for individual entrepreneurs is significantly less than for LLCs.	Fines are imposed not only on the LLC, but also on the manager. The size of the sanctions can reach a million rubles.
Business income can be generated at any time. The individual entrepreneur has the right to withdraw money from the account or cash desk without restrictions for personal needs. There is no additional tax for this.	Making a profit from a business is possible no more than once a quarter. Upon receipt of dividends, the founder is obliged to pay 13% of personal income tax.
There are restrictions on the types of activities, for example, you cannot sell strong alcohol and wine.	LLC is not limited in the types of activities, some clients choose cooperation with an organization as a more prestigious form of business.
Removal from tax accounting takes only 5 business days. You can close an individual entrepreneur with debts that you still have to repay.	The formal liquidation of an LLC without debt takes about two months, but the founder can sell the stake or leave the company. If there are debts, then in the process of liquidation, creditors have the right to file a claim for bankruptcy, during which the founder may be brought to subsidiary liability.

What conclusion can be drawn? If you are thinking about how to start your business from scratch in the field of retail and do not have experience of running your own business, then choose the registration of an individual entrepreneur. If you want to expand your business, you can quickly deregister an individual entrepreneur and register an LLC.

Tax system for the store

Even before opening a store, you need to calculate on which taxation system you will have the minimum tax burden. If you do not make such a calculation in advance and do not switch to one of the preferential regimes that you are entitled to use, then you will work for common system taxation (OSNO). In this mode, small businesses pay the highest taxes.

You must submit a notification of the transition to the simplified tax system no later than 30 days after the registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC, next time such a right will be presented only from next year... If you have chosen UTII, then you must submit a notification to the inspection at the place of activity within 5 days after state registration.

An application for a patent can be submitted simultaneously with the documents for registration of an individual entrepreneur, but it will be accepted only if the place of registration of the entrepreneur and the territory of the patent are the same. If you register an individual entrepreneur in one city, and you plan to open a store in another, then an application to the Federal Tax Service Inspectorate at the place of business must be submitted 10 days before the patent begins.

Make a preliminary calculation of the tax burden for different modes any competent accountant can. The solution to this issue will legally reduce the amount of taxes several times, so do not postpone it.

Cash register for trade

Since 2017, the application requirements have become more stringent cash register... New online cash registers are being introduced everywhere. For those sellers who have chosen the simplified tax system or stayed on the OSNO, a new type of cash register is required from July 1, 2017.

Entrepreneurs at UTII and PSN can still work without the use of KKT, but this period for them has been extended by only a year - until July 1, 2018. If you sell beer, then the online cash register will have to be installed earlier - from March 31, 2017, regardless of the mode.

The cost of a new CCP will not be limited only to the purchase of the device itself. It is necessary to conclude an agreement with the operator of fiscal data, which will transmit information on sales to the tax office in real time. That is, sellers are required to provide a stable Internet connection in their store and pay annually for the services of a fiscal data operator.

A phased plan for opening a store

Here is a step-by-step plan on how to open your store, where to start implementing a business idea from scratch:

Choose several options for the premises for the store and find out how it fits sES requirements, Rospozhnadzor and local administration.
Decide with the owner about the long-term (more than a year) right to use the premises.
If you have such an opportunity, then before starting your business from scratch, order marketing research... It is important to know which circle of buyers, taking into account the level of demand and the presence of competitors, you can count on.
Order from an accountant or calculate your own tax burden in different modes. Choose the option that works best for you.
Study the offers of several suppliers offering the goods you need, find out the conditions for working with them (the minimum purchase amount, the possibility of obtaining a commodity credit and the percentage of return of unsold goods, etc.).
Calculate what investments are needed to open a retail outlet.
Make a preliminary calculation of the return on costs for the store, if this period does not exceed two years, then this is a good indicator.
Decide in what organizational and legal form (individual entrepreneur or LLC) to start implementing a business idea from scratch in trade.

How to open a grocery store: profitability of the business + opening instructions + options for placing equipment in the trading floor + financial plan + 5 tips.

Capital investments: from 890,000 rubles
Payback period: up to 6 months

Food trade is relevant at any time, because food is the most demanded and consumed category of goods.

In any locality, be it a metropolis or a small town, the number of those who think about how to open a grocery store.

At the same time, most of them rely on the fact that the entire population of the planet eats, and after starting a business they do not understand why they did not succeed as intended.

But a grocery store is a business that requires not only material investments, but also a lot of work, from choosing a suitable premises to high-quality advertising.

If you are interested in implementing such an idea, then continue reading our article, where we will acquaint you with the main nuances of the case.

Is it profitable to open grocery stores?

Opening your own grocery store is quite a profitable and in-demand business.

First of all, this is due to the fact that eating is a natural human need, so people will always buy food products.

Opening a grocery store, like any other business, has its pros and cons.

Let's start with the positive:

high demand for products

Even in a crisis, people buy essential food: bread, dairy products, cereals, vegetables.

And already from their implementation, you can have good earnings.

choice of any area to be placed under a grocery store

This means that you can open a grocery store both in the city center and in a remote area.

But we will talk about how to choose a place later.

ease of personnel selection

You don't need special education or qualifications to work in a grocery store, this allows you to quickly find the right workers.

Now let's move on to the cons:

large volumes of work

Even opening a small grocery store, you need to understand that there will be a lot of work.

This is not only the purchase and sale of goods, but also its correct arrangement, accounting, control over expiration dates and storage.

problems with shortage of goods

This is the number one problem in this business.

It can be associated with theft, carelessness of staff, as well as weight loss of certain foods.

With regard to theft, even with the installation of video surveillance and a radio frequency system against theft, unfortunately this cannot be avoided.

complexities of business registration and verification of regulatory services

To open a grocery store, you need to obtain many permits.

Then, in the process of work, representatives authorized bodies will pay visits to verify compliance with legal requirements.

Choosing a look for your grocery store

Before proceeding to the analysis of the question of how to open a grocery store, you should talk about its types.

The costs of starting a business, as well as the management strategy, depend on the option chosen.

Convenience store format.

As a rule, they are located in small rooms with a total area of \u200b\u200bup to 25 m². The peculiarity of their location is that they are located in residential areas, where people can look at any time.
The main specialization of this format is the sale of essential foodstuffs, so the assortment will be small, but quite sufficient.
The trade is conducted from behind the counter, so buyers will have to contact the seller.

Minimarket.
- Unlike the first type, goods are located on shelves and in refrigerators, to which customers themselves have access.
- The principle of self-service allows you to remove the responsibilities of selling products from sellers, but only to serve customers at the checkout.
- The range of products is quite wide: bakery products, dairy products, confectionery, cereals, fruits, vegetables, alcoholic and tobacco products.
Convenience store.
- Its feature is the work on time 24/7.
- The area and range are usually small. But everything you need is here.
- They are located near the roadway, residential areas, as well as in crowded places.

How to open a grocery store: a step-by-step process

To open your own grocery store, you need to be ready for multi-stage work.

This includes:

choice of the format of the opened store;
finding a suitable place;
registration procedure;
obtaining permits;
purchase and correct placement of commercial equipment in the store according to a certain scheme;
selection of the target category of goods;
search for reliable suppliers;
recruitment;
holding advertising campaign and opening a store.

Let's take a closer look at each stage.

1. Finding a profitable place to open a grocery store

After the format of the future grocery store has been chosen, it is necessary to rent or purchase premises.

But for this you need to take care of choosing a good place.

To do this, you should do the following:

Take a map of the city and mark for yourself areas of interest - central or sleeping.
In the selected areas, check the availability and number of similar points of sale, including large supermarkets.
This is necessary in order to analyze the competition.
Study the contingent of areas.
Here we mean that young people with an average and high level incomes, in older districts people of different ages and incomes live, and in the private sector, rebuilt in Soviet times, most often pensioners.

Note # 1: when choosing a place, be guided by the fact that the store is located at least 500 meters away from supermarkets. Otherwise, buyers will prefer to go there, and not to you.

Note # 2: the store should be located in such a way that it is convenient to approach and drive up to it, and it should also be clearly visible from the roadway.

Note # 3: When opening a grocery store in a village or small town, it is important to ensure that residents can get to it without obstacles. It is best to choose the center of the settlement or exit from it.

2. Registration and registration of the store

Let's start with the standard one: or LLC.

These are the two most common forms that many entrepreneurs prefer to work in.

To open a small shop where a minimum of products will be sold, opening an individual entrepreneur is suitable, for a larger scale and, if desired, selling alcohol - only LLC.

Registration issues are the easiest stage in business registration, after which you need to start collecting a fairly large list of documents in order to obtain many permits.

When deciding to open a grocery store, you will need:

a document confirming the lease or ownership of the premises;
registration documents;
entering the store in the commercial register (the certificate is issued by local authorities);
permission from SES;
certificates and licenses for the sale of certain categories of goods (for example, alcohol);
conclusion of the Ministry of Emergency Situations that the store premises comply with fire safety standards;
rospotrebnadzor conclusion;
cash register registration card;
certificate of verification of check weights and measuring equipment of a grocery store;
workers' books.

3. Requirements for the premises

In the question: " How to open your grocery store? " an important place is occupied by the premises itself and its equipment.

The area and design will depend on the selected format.

But general requirements are:

when placing a store in a residential building, a separate entrance is required; acceptance and shipment of goods is not allowed from the side of the building, where windows and doors face;
mandatory availability of water supply and sewerage systems;
the presence of supply and exhaust mechanical ventilation;
availability of storage and utility rooms, as well as rooms and a bathroom for employees.

More detailed requirements can be found in the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of November 8, 2001 N 31 "On the introduction of sanitary rules" (https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_4622/).

4. Equipment for the grocery store and its correct placement

Investing in purchasing equipment in order to open a grocery store will be the biggest expense.

But we also suggest that you familiarize yourself with how it should be placed.

Let's consider two systems as an example: counter and self-service.

a) Counter system

This system involves placing equipment along the perimeter of the store in two tiers: wall and counter.

Thus, the seller-cashier will have a complete overview of the trading floor.

From the equipment you will need to purchase the following:

Name of equipment	Number of units		Total cost, rub.
Total:			RUB 596,000
Wall tier
Single sided shelving	3	5 000	15 000
Corner shelving	1	4 000	4 000
Bread showcase	1	12 000	12 000
Refrigerated slide	1	120 000	120 000
Refrigerated cabinet	2	100 000	200 000
Counter tier
Checkout counter	2	16 000	32 000
Demonstration counter	2	6 000	12 000
Freezer chest	2	30 000	60 000
Refrigeration showcase	2	60 000	120 000
Cash register machine	2	10 000	20 000
Libra	2	6 500	13 000

When choosing such a store format, the equipment will form a vicious circle, which may look like this:

Placing equipment on such a system is much more complicated and expensive than in the first case. b) Self-service system

Here you need to know the principles of merchandising, namely the concept of the "golden triangle".

Its essence is to arrange equipment in such a way that visitors can visit three points:

input;
showcase with the best selling products;
cashier.

Thus, the buyer, to go to the checkout, moves around trading floor and makes purchases.

The circuit looks like this:

To equip a grocery mini-market you will need:

Name of equipment	Number of units	Cost of one unit, rub.	Total cost, rub.
Total:			RUB 1,005,000
Checkout box	2	30 000	60 000
Bread showcase	1	12 000	12 000
Wall shelving	4	5 000	20 000
Corner shelving	2	3 000	6 000
Double-sided shelving (island)	2	6 000	12 000
Vegetable rack	1	14 000	14 000
Refrigerated slide	3	120 000	360 000
Refrigerated cabinet	2	100 000	200 000
Freezer chest	2	30 000	60 000
Refrigeration showcase	3	60 000	180 000
Shopping baskets	20	500	10 000
Basket stand	2	2 000	4 000
Passage systems (swing frames)	2	10 000	20 000
Luggage storage	1	14 000	14 000
Cash register machine	2	10 000	20 000
Libra	2	6 500	13 000

Following the principle of the "golden triangle", equipment in the mini-market can be placed in the following way:

5. Assortment definition and supplier search

In the question: "How to open a grocery store?" an important place is occupied by the definition of the range of products.

It is important that buyers can make most of their purchases in one place.

Therefore, even the smallest assortment should consist of the following items:

bakery products;
milk products;
drinks (soda, juices);
cereals;
sugar, salt, flour.

Such an offer of goods will only be suitable for a small shop operating in the “near home” format.

And if it is possible to open a grocery store with a self-service system, then the assortment should be wider:

meat and fish;
confectionery;
sweets, cookies;
cheeses, sausages;
tea coffee.

How to look for suppliers in order to open a grocery store?

It's actually not difficult.

Advertisements, the Internet are two main sources.

Also, the suppliers themselves can go to the newly opened store.

You need to be prepared for the fact that there will be many suppliers, since many wholesale bases specialize in only one direction of products.

During the conclusion of contracts, it is necessary to pay attention to the following points:

purchase price;
payment terms - prepayment or upon delivery;
the possibility of deferred payment;
availability of installments;
terms and conditions of delivery.

In the beginning, you will have to work on a prepaid basis, since suppliers do not particularly prefer to work with “newbies” upon shipment of goods.

6. Recruitment

“The road to success is always renewed. Success is a forward movement, not a point that can be reached. "
Anthony Robbins

Another item of expenses in order to open a grocery store is the search for personnel and their remuneration.

First of all, who needs to be hired is a manager.

His responsibilities will include the purchase and accounting of goods, the conclusion of contracts with suppliers.

But the presence of such a position is only suitable for opening a mini-market.

To open a grocery store, it is better to recruit employees with work experience, and in subsequent work, you can engage in training and internship for those who do not have it.

Note: each employee must have a health record.

As a rule, sellers work in shifts, since the opening hours of a grocery store most often reach a 12-hour working day.

It is also necessary to have the position of an accountant who will deal with accounting for income and expenses, drawing up and filing reports.

Position	Qty	Salary, rub.	FOT, rub.
Regular grocery store
Cashiers	4	12 000	48 000
Accountant	1	18 000	18 000
Cleaning lady	1	10 000	10 000
Total:	6		RUB 76,000
Minimarket
Manager	1	20 000	20 000
Cashiers	6	15 000	90 000
Accountant	1	18 000	18 000
Security guard	2	12 000	12 000
Cleaning lady	2	9 000	18 000
Total:	12		RUB 158,000

7. Advertising of a grocery store

In order for the products to be in demand among buyers, you need to pay special attention to the advertising campaign.

First of all, you need to take care of the sign and an attractive name.

Then you can use these marketing tools:

banners;
distribution of leaflets and brochures;
advertising in local media;
festive opening.

How much does it cost to open your own grocery store?

Those who are interested in the question of how to open their own grocery store want to know the approximate amount of capital investment.

Let's say right away that costs depend on the choice of format.

Therefore, again, consider the size of the investment using two examples:

Cost item	Format of the “near the house” store, rubles.	Mini-market, rub.
Total:	RUB 892,000	RUB 1,635,000
Business registration	10 000	10 000
Indoor repairs and communications (if necessary)	50 000	120 000
Equipment	596 000	1 005 000
Purchase of the first batch of goods	200 000	400 000
Security system installation	10 000	40 000
Advertising	15 000	40 000
Others	11 000	20 000

Monthly costs for both options will look like this:

Most often, the mark-up on goods at points of sale of products is about 35-40%.

For the first format, let's assume that the average check will be about 400 rubles, and the number of visitors - 80 people per day, so you can get more than 800,000 rubles per month.

Regular expenses, as well as the cost of purchasing goods, are deducted from this amount.

When stable work and the constant flow of people, the business can be recouped in six months.

Opening a grocery store using the second format will pay off faster, as people shop on their own.

Let's imagine that the average check is equal to 500 rubles, and the number of customers increases to 120 people.

In this situation, you can have a monthly income of more than 1,500,000 rubles.

The payback period in this case is reduced to 3-4 months.

To open profitable store products, check out this video:

Finally, I would like to give some tips on how to open a grocery store:

Plan your procurement plan wisely

If it immediately became noticeable that some product was not in use, order a smaller quantity next time.

Develop a coupon system

To do this, it is enough to post ready-made coupons in local newspapers or on the Internet, which can be cut or printed.

This will encourage shoppers to go to the store where they have a discount.

In addition, you can set specific conditions for using a coupon: for a specific product or amount.

Develop a bonus program

In order for this to be fixed, you can order plastic cards for regular customers.

Carry out promotions

There are tons of ideas on how to organize them - discounts on certain products, discounts on a certain day of the week, discounts for seniors.

Sell \u200b\u200ba unique product

For these purposes, you will have to find a supplier of interesting goods, or organize your own trademark.

But the last option is more suitable in the perspective of store development.

As a result, we can say the following about how to open a grocery store - in fact, this is a costly business both in terms of finance and organizational issues.

It is important to understand that having a grocery store is not an easy task, it requires a lot of effort, time and attention to purchased goods, equipment operation and serviceability, as well as maintenance service.

But with the right organization and discipline of workers, you can achieve considerable success in this area.

And it already depends on the mood and willingness to work hard.

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