How I opened the solarium. Solarium business plan: the necessary equipment, cost calculation, SES requirements. Is it profitable to open a solarium: an expert opinion. Costs and profits

Here we will look at an article on how to open a solarium, what you need for this, as well as a business plan for opening it.

In all cities of Russia the number of tanning studios is quite large, but despite this, the market continues to recruit new people into this business. The solarium is profitable all year round, as in any season there are clients who want to get a beautiful tan.

The first step is to determine the clientele, and then draw up a business plan. If you want to start a small business, you should buy several semi-household tanning salons and put them in the nearest salon or sports club. In a couple of months, the devices will reimburse all the money spent.

Business plan

So let's consider for free ready example a solarium business plan that will help you start your own business.

The project of organizing a professional studio is quite costly and requires all the concentration on it. You need at least four different variation and modern devices (8-10 thousand apiece) to attract a more prosperous layer of clientele. You should work on the design of the room, add additional services.

The list of expenses will include the purchase of the solarium itself, newfangled furniture, interior decoration items and other related products. You also need to organize a small phyto-bar inside the salon. In this situation, the organization is already becoming a tanning studio (investments - up to 100 thousand dollars).

Premises

The best place to open a solarium is in the city center or older neighborhoods with more residents. The positive in this option will be a quick promotion of the business, with the help of wealthy residents of the center. On the negative side, there is a lot of competition and the price for renting premises, which is still not easy to find.

It is best to install the unit at a local showroom or sports club.

Benefit from opening a solarium in an extensive regional centerbecause here the labor market is not overcrowded yet.

You should not spare money on the internal atmosphere created primarily due to the well-designed interior design. With a more accurate combination of items and styles, customers will feel more comfortable and the establishment will gain popularity.

Solarium equipment

To get started, you can afford to buy a professional solarium, the price of which is 8-10 thousand dollars. The studio should be equipped with horizontal and vertical solariums from Dutch and German manufacturers (for example: Hapro, Ergoline). Modern tanning salons (which cost anywhere from $ 17,000) have many different functions. The larger the range of equipment, the more popular the solarium will be among the visitors.

There is no need to purchase used solariums, because then you will have to pay extra for maintenance and repairs. When buying three tanning salons, which will cost about 50 thousand dollars, from one seller, then big discounts and installation of the device in the salon are guaranteed.

Additional services

It does not wake up superfluous to install a phyto-bar, which will not only add solidity to the establishment, but also increase income.

For a good salon with a solarium, a wide range of cosmetics is essential. Their purchase should be considered when drawing up a business plan (approximately $ 300 per month).

Staff

It will be great if form style the salon will be complemented by tanned employees in uniforms with the symbols of a solarium, who are versed in matters of tanning and other procedures provided to the institution.

In addition to consultants, the employees must have the positions of an administrator, cleaner and accountant, and also, with an increase in the range of services provided, the positions of a masseur, a manicure and pedicure master, a bartender, etc. will be required. It would be correct to establish a working accounting system for services rendered by employees and income from a solarium.

Advertising

A tanning studio should have a conspicuous backlit sign (starting from 50 thousand rubles). And signs should clearly show the location of your tanning bed.

Many manufacturers offer to use their services in the field of business organization. They have specialists who can help with the founding factors when opening a showroom, drawing up a business plan, training employees and providing printed materials.

Payback period of the project

Expenses - from 50 thousand dollars, which are recouped within a year.

Income - 3-8 thousand dollars per month, if there are at least five devices.

Calculation of costs and payback periods of an economy class solarium

Calculation of two solariums different kind (horizontal cost up to 120 thousand rubles and vertical cost 200 thousand rubles).

Expenses (excluding repair work):

• Rent per room - 20 thousand rubles per month (the price is different in each region).
• Purchase of tanning salons - 320 thousand rubles.
• An employee's salary is 10 thousand rubles.

Total for the start: 350 thousand rubles.

Suppose that 20 people visit the salon per day, their tanning time is 10 minutes, and the cost of a minute is 10 rubles.

Income: 60 thousand rubles.

The payback will be from 6 to 12 months (you need to take into account the cost of changing lamps for a solarium every six months).

The solarium has become quite a popular pleasure, especially among women, so the idea of \u200b\u200bopening a solarium can be safely called successful. And as in any business, this type of service will require certain resources and proper business design.
Where to start preparing for opening a business in this service sector? By calculating the necessary costs.

A tanning bed is actually much more than just offering people a tan. It is a beauty industry business that must meet all the needs of the customer with this in mind.

You must purchase equipment and supplies for your tanning bed that are safe and effective. Your tanning studio should look stylish, but at the same time, comply with all sanitary rules.

The solarium caters to those who wish to get a tan in the safest possible way. Now the ozone layer is thinning, the sun's rays are becoming more and more dangerous.

In addition, many people are too busy to lie on the beach in sun loungers or do not live in climates that favor sunburn, except in summer. However, many people want to sunbathe all year roundand that means your business can be successful.

This business requires significant start-up capital to buy the necessary equipment. You can, of course, buy used equipment, but you still need to purchase new ones for tanning beds.

In addition, it is necessary to invest in advertising for your business from the very beginning, until residents find out that your tanning studio is open and ready to help everyone interested in getting a beautiful tan.

Before opening a tanning bed, you need to assess your capabilities and think about which version of the tanning studio suits you best.

There are two main options for opening a tanning bed:

1. Simplified version

If it so happens that the start-up capital is very limited, then you can open the budget version. The purchase of a simple tanning bed will cost approximately $ 3,600, while the monthly profit is approximately $ 600. That is, in the first six months of activity, you can fully return the money invested in the equipment.

2. A complete solarium.

Significantly higher costs are already implied here than in the first option, however, the expected profit will be much higher. A solarium of this level will require a fairly large room, since a wide range of services will be presented: vertical and horizontal solariums, devices for tanning individual parts of the body.

Professional grade solarium equipment will require an investment of approximately $ 8,000.

The tasks you have to solve

• Helping clients prepare for tanning sessions
• After-tanning advice for clients
• Solarium services
• Purchase of equipment and components for tanning

Opening hours

Finding a place for a solarium

In order not to experience a crisis with the number of visitors, it is best to open a solarium either on the territory of health centers, pools, spa-salons, fitness centers, or in the immediate vicinity of them.

It makes sense to provide solarium services in remote areas of the city only if the proud person is large and has large sleeping quarters on the outskirts. In this case, residents of the area will be happy to go to the solarium, to which you do not need to travel far. If the population of the city is small, then the distant quarters of the city are extremely undesirable for opening this business.

Staff recruitment

Here it is worth knowing the fact that solarium workers have the name of their profession - solar consultants. The essence of the work of solar consultants is not only to meet clients with a pleasant smile and put them on the equipment, but also to assess the condition and type of skin, select an individual tanning program and consult on what cosmetics to use after the tanning bed.

Of course, the staff of the tanning salon must have a sense of tact and ethics of communication with the client. Simply put - you need high level service and service in general. The client should have positive emotions after visiting the salon, then he will definitely come again. In the service sector, the emotions that the client receives is the main component of success.

Necessary equipment

The more equipment there is in the tanning studio, the better. Of course, if the budget is limited, purchase the full range necessary equipment will not work, but the fact remains - the wider the range of services, the more clients.
What equipment is needed for a full range of solarium services?

1. Vertical solarium

This equipment is in the greatest demand among visitors. The vast majority of clients want to sunbathe while standing. The advantages of a vertical solarium are that it does not require much space for placement in the salon, but the obvious disadvantage is the high price - from 5 to 11 thousand dollars.

2. Horizontal solarium

This type of solarium is much more affordable than the vertical one (from $ 2.5 thousand), but also less popular. In any case, there are customers who prefer a horizontal tan. Although there will be fewer such people.

3. Solariums for tanning individual areas of the body

The cost of such equipment can range from $ 150 or more. You can, of course, purchase used equipment, but if you want to positively recommend yourself, then it is better not to save on the quality of services.

The opening of the solarium is quite profitable businessthat pays off, on average, within a year. Plus, if there are free meters, you can allocate a place for phyto-cafes and make money selling teas, fresh juices and other similar goods.

The main thing is not to forget that in our time of severe competition, the leaders in the service market are determined by service. Give people a high level of service and they will become your regular customers.

Necessary Start-Up Equipment and Materials:

• Computer
• Printer
• Cell Phones
• Web site
• Solarium
• Washer and dryer
• Towels
• Sunscreen
• After sun care
• Protective glasses
• Stationery
• Office equipment
• Accounting software

Additional equipment: - equipment that you can purchase as soon as your business starts working steadily:

• Additional and new tanning products
• Stereo systems for every room
• Cold and hot drinks
• Tanning oils, creams, lotions, etc.

Monthly expenses:

• Wage
• Telephone / cell phone
• Access to the Internet
• Advertising / Marketing
• Electricity (high consumption)
• Communal payments
• Rent of premises

• Learn as much as you can about industry trends. Study your competitors, in particular their strengths and weaknesses. This will help you determine your competitive advantage. In other words, it helps you understand what you can give your customers that they don't get from other businesses.
• Visit several local tanning salons and see how they work. Write down what you liked or disliked about their business.

The pros and cons of opening a tanning bed

• It is affordable for many people and therefore in demand
• This business can be easily expanded to include beauty and health products, professional cosmetics

Minuses :

• Some clients may get side effects from UV rays
• This business needs to work more hours than most other companies to be successful.

How to attract customers

Finding clients for your tanning salon requires ongoing advertising costs. You can buy expensive TV advertisements in trade magazines if you can afford it.

But you can also try cheaper advertisements elsewhere, including advertisements, flyers informing people about your new tanning bed by offering special offers to attract new customers.

You should hand out flyers in locations where there are target customers for your business. These include beauty salons, fitness clubs and retail Stores cosmetics and perfumery.

Although there are already many tanning salons out there, more and more people find that they don't have the time to get a tan outdoors, so there are still many opportunities for this business.

In this material:

If a person is constantly at work in the summer, how can he get a tan? It is for these reasons that tanning salons were created. A solarium business plan will help a budding entrepreneur to implement an idea.

Any organization that provides services to the public must be properly registered. A beauty salon can be registered as an LLC.

Now you need to figure out what kind of salon you will open: it will be a large center providing a wide range of services, or a small salon with a solarium and massage room. Consider how to open a small establishment designed for people who need to renew their tan several times a year, and they have no opportunity or desire to buy annual subscriptions.

A tanning studio should have several machines, a massage room and a small herbal bar. All this, of course, should be located indoors. It is good if a novice businessman owns non-residential premises. However, most often they rent a studio.

How to choose a room for a solarium?

It should be remembered that sanitary standards prohibit organizing such establishments on the basement floors of residential buildings and office centers. The room must be connected to the cold and hot water supply, heating and sewerage systems. Ideally, a separate room should be allocated for each solarium apparatus, if this is not possible, it must be fenced off from the common space. This is primarily necessary to ensure the comfort of clients who do not want to feel uncomfortable under the gaze of strangers.

This means that you will have to rent a room that consists of several rooms or provides an opportunity to build additional walls. The device must be placed in a room that is large enough to leave a free space of at least 2 sq. M. It is necessary to provide supply and exhaust ventilation in the room and install a shower cabin. The floor must be covered with hard material. Part of the area should be allocated for a herbal bar and massage room. The phytobar can be combined with the administrator's workplace.

Thus, the business plan of a solarium implies the acquisition of ownership or lease of premises with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 50 sq. M. The cost of long-term rent depends on the region of residence and the area of \u200b\u200bthe city and varies between 500-3000 rubles. for 1 sq.m. The first thing to do after the lease is to prepare the area for placing the equipment and receiving the first visitors. Studio design development, repairs and replacement of outdated electrical wiring will cost you 100-200 thousand rubles.

Choosing equipment for the salon

So, the renovation is complete, it's time to think about what equipment and furniture to choose for the studio. Furniture should be comfortable, functional and appropriate to the general style of the room. But with the choice of equipment for a person who has insufficient experience in this area, difficulties may arise. There are many types of devices - horizontal, vertical, turbo solariums. The turbo solarium should be discarded immediately, as the tanning obtained in it can harm the skin. Most clients prefer to visit vertical solariums, as there is no contact with the work surface.

However, there are those who, for health reasons, cannot defend the entire procedure, so your studio should have one horizontal apparatus. Let's decide on the financial resources that will have to be spent on the purchase of equipment. The most high-quality device that meets all the standards and requirements will cost you 500-600 thousand rubles, which means that the purchase of 3-4 solariums will require at least 2 million rubles. It is possible to bring a massage parlor to a state of readiness to receive clients for 30-40 thousand rubles. The same amount will be required to organize a phytobar.

In order for your salon to start functioning, you will have to take care of the selection of personnel. Of course, tanning employees should have an even, attractive tan. You will need an administrator, bartender, massage therapist, service staff. It is best to hire experienced staff. A person who, at least once in his life, has faced the incompetence of the salon workers, will not dare to visit it again.

How to attract your first customers?

A newly opened establishment cannot do without advertising. This is not a media announcement.

You will need 5-10 thousand rubles for printing and distribution of sheets. So, you have decided to open a salon and have sufficient funds. At this stage, a budding entrepreneur may have doubts about whether the business will bring the desired income. A solarium business plan with calculations will help you figure it out.

In the first month, the following financial investments will be required: registration of an enterprise - 10 thousand rubles; rental of premises - 30-50 thousand rubles; repairs - 100 thousand rubles; purchase of furniture and equipment - 2 million rubles; cosmetical tools - 50 thousand rubles; advertising - 5 thousand rubles. Do not forget about the remuneration of employees, this will require about 100 thousand rubles. Thus, the financial costs for the project will amount to about 2.5 million rubles.

With an optimal location and correctly conducted advertising campaign your salon will be visited by at least 20 clients a day. 1 minute of solarium costs an average of 20 rubles. We will include in the general receipt the purchase of cosmetics, drinks in the herbal bar and a short massage session. Thus, 1 client can order services for the amount of 500-1000 rubles. Your daily income will be 10-20 thousand rubles. The average monthly income, net of all taxes and expenses, will amount to 100 thousand rubles. Financial investments will pay off in 2-3 years. This means that the risks of opening a tanning studio are assessed as moderate.

Order a business plan

	Investments: Investments from 2,900,000 rubles. City of Beauty is one of the largest beauty salon chains in Europe. Today, 26 full-service hairdressing salons operate under our brand, and we are not going to stop there. City of Beauty is a dynamically developing company, one of the best in its segment, which supports the existing trends in the beauty industry and creates ...
	Investments: Investments 2,500,000 - 3,000,000 rubles. St. Petersburg School of Beauty is a federal network of educational projects that specialize in training professionals in the field of fashion and beauty. We help to acquire the practical skills necessary for a successful career or for professional development in the beauty industry. Our teaching principles are based on five basic rules: 1. 80% practice and 20% theory. We focus on the practical part of our ...
	Investments: 1,000,000 - 1,800,000 rubles. In a crisis, people are used to saving money, and just at this time Federal Network "Point of Beauty" feels stable as never before. In order to receive a high-quality service from professionals, it is not necessary to overpay and go to premium salons, it is enough to pay attention to the atmosphere that prevails in each of the Tochka salons, and a high level of quality is ensured by its own ...
	The brand "LEFT Men's Haircuts" is part of the BEAUTEAM group of companies founded by Konstantin Suntsov in 2007. At the moment in our Beauty-Holding: 6 brands, more than 120 open salons of which 30% are own. The largest brand in the network is the largest chain of economy hairdressing salons in Russia and the CIS "Pryadki v Poryadok" (50 cities and more than 85 salons). How was created ...
	Investments: Investments 14 400 000 - 18 000 000 ₽ Guinot is the recognized leader of the French salon business and the # 1 brand of selective professional cosmetics worldwide. The Guinot brand is one of the few representatives of the industry that has its own factory for the production of cosmetic products and a powerful scientific and technical base - the Laboratory, which allows you to constantly improve the quality of products and develop methods of conducting procedures. The Guinot Factory operates according to ...
	Investments: Investments 690,000 - 1,000,000 rubles In 2016, the first TNB-TiFFANYNAiLBuRO was opened in Pskov - with the desire to create a small atmospheric place of the “beauty sphere”, with a combination of the best: important professional quality in the "manicure" and ... .. the decisive details that form the impression and determine the "pleasant aftertaste" of the service received. Because the difference, indeed, is "known in the little things", especially today, in the era of great proposals and choice in the field ...
	Investments: Investments 4 500 000 - 6 000 000 ₽ PERSONA is the most conceptual brand russian industry beauty and one of the largest network of beauty salons in the CIS. Having opened more than 25 years ago, PERSONA invented the very fact of beauty salons in modern Russia and created dozens of fashion trends. We show warmth and care for each Person! Thanks to the first Russian School of Stylists, founded in 1996 ...
	Investments: Investments 1,300,000 rubles OWN BUSINESS ON A UNIQUE PROCEDURE IN THE SPA SPHERE Open a float studio under the Grand Float franchise We offer the franchise of the largest network of float studios in Russia -38 partners in Russia and Europe -from 1,300,000 rubles. investments - from 350,000 rubles / month. profit - from 11 months. payback 5 ADVANTAGES OF BUSINESS IN FLOATING: 1. Unique business idea Many guests visit a float studio, ... Investments: Investments 650,000 - 850,000 rubles “The ability to make informed choices transforms people. And we are participating in this transformation. " (c) Valentin Sherstobit (founder of a chain of stores healthy eating "SOLNTSEMARKET"). Welcome! SOLNTSEMARKET is a concept store for healthy way life. How often we do not have enough time to take care of our own health and the well-being of our loved ones. You can preserve health and beauty for many years. Need to…

A beautiful tan is always in fashion - in winter and summer. The profitability of beauty salons is based on this. How to open your solarium from scratch? Business plan with calculations capital investments, income and expenses help when starting a business from scratch.

It is not difficult to open a salon that provides only tanning services - all you need to do is rent a room and purchase equipment. The difficulty lies in attracting customers in a highly competitive environment. Therefore, you need to start a business with the development of an interesting concept and an advertising campaign.

Business plan

The first thing you need to open is to draw up a business plan for a solarium with calculations of the required investments and profitability:

1. Choice of concept.
2. Premises for rent.
3. Business registration.
4. Purchase of equipment and materials.
5. Advertising campaign.
6. Selection of employees.
7. The economic part.

You also need to assess the risks and identify the points that will have to be paid special attention to when conducting business.

Concept

The services of a tanning studio are used by a small contingent - young women and men, for whom it is important to look good. In order to expand the audience, in the institution, along with a solarium, it is beneficial to provide a variety of related services. Complex procedures are cheaper for clients, which is a competitive advantage among the mass of similar salons.

Another option for starting a solarium from scratch is to rent a room at a popular sports club, pool or beauty salon and install tanning equipment in it.

Such a startup will require a little money, no need to spend money on advertising, the investment will pay off quickly, and the landlord will supply clients. On the other hand, the owner of a solarium becomes dependent on a partner, and in the worst case scenario, you can lose the business along with the equipment.

If you have a large start-up capital, it is possible to open a solarium with professional expensive devices. However, you need to soberly assess the circle of potential customers, because the prices for services will be high. It makes sense to launch such a project in a metropolis as a separate institution or on the basis of a health complex.

The most attractive option for a novice businessman is the first option, which includes additional services:

• and pedicure;
• cosmetology procedures and consultations;
• sale of tanning products, creams, cosmetics, cocktails.

The solarium studio, which is not limited to a narrow specialization, covers a wide audience and does not depend on the season.

Premises

To open a tanning studio, they choose areas located near the city center or in large residential areas. Suitable for both a detached building and non-residential premises on the ground floor apartment building... If there is an opportunity to inexpensively rent a point in a shopping and entertainment center, then this is the best option.

Basic requirements for the premises:

1. Ceiling height 2.6 m.
2. The voltage in the mains is 380 V.
3. Powerful ventilation system.
4. The presence of water supply and sewerage.

To accommodate two tanning machines, a reception and a change house, 35-40 sq.m. is enough, other services are provided in separate rooms. Based on the range of treatments, a suitable location is selected for opening the solarium.

The salon needs to be renovated and create a cozy atmosphere with lighting, music and interior items. In the room where the equipment is located, the standards provide for a tile flooring.

registration

A solarium as a business is subject to registration with the tax office, for which the entrepreneur formalizes an individual entrepreneur or a limited liability company.

To conduct business, the following documents will be required:

• admissions from SES and fire inspection;
• contracts for disinfection, deratization, garbage removal and lamp disposal;
• sanitary books of employees;
• confirmation of compliance of equipment and materials with regulatory requirements.

The work of the solarium is classified as fitness and health, so the staff must be an employee with a medical education.

Equipment and materials

The equipment you need to open a solarium is divided into:

1. Tanning equipment.
2. Furniture.
3. Office equipment.

The most popular are horizontal and vertical solariums with a minimum set of functions. The vertical technique has several advantages over the horizontal one:

• takes up less space in the room;
• short procedure time - up to 10 minutes;
• no body contact with the equipment surface;
• the tan lies flat and looks natural;
• there is no psychological discomfort in front of a confined space.

On the other hand, horizontal solariums are 2-3 times cheaper. The most inexpensive machines for tanning specific areas of the body are usually made in the form of a chair. The most expensive equipment additionally functions as aromatherapy, massager, music center, sea wave simulator.

To satisfy the needs of all customers, it is better to purchase one of each type. Experts do not recommend using used equipment in the work, as tanning salons require significant maintenance and repair costs over time. With a large flow of visitors, the llamas in the devices must be changed often, otherwise the effectiveness of the procedures decreases.

The salon needs to be furnished with furniture:

1. Reception desk.
2. Chairs, armchairs.
3. Storage lockers.
4. Clothes rack.
5. Shelves and shelves.

If the institution provides additional cosmetology services, then the offices are equipped with appropriate interior items and tools.

For accounting, reporting, customer records, stationery and office equipment are purchased:

• computer;
• printer;
• phone;
• cash machine.

Creams, milk, spray contribute to getting a beautiful tan. The salon may include the cost of these funds in the price of the session, or sell them as a separate item. In addition, it is possible to sell cosmetics, hygiene products, health and dietary products.

To comply with sanitary requirements, you need detergents and disinfectants, disposable slippers, hats, napkins, and towels. To reduce the risk of falling and injuring visitors, a rubber or silicone mat should be placed in the solarium. To protect the eyes, glasses are required, if this is unacceptable, then during the procedure you need to keep your eyes closed.

Promotion of your services to the market is where you need to start opening a solarium after equipping the salon with equipment and materials. Advertising does not work instantly; it takes time to attract customers, during which a few visitors can be served by one employee or the entrepreneur himself.

1. Attractive interior design.
2. A massive attack on the Internet sector: creating a website, groups in social networks, banners, mailings, forums.
3. Video clip on television.
4. Advertisements in newspapers, magazines, on the radio, in transport, on banners and billboards.
5. Distribution of business cards, flyers, booklets.
6. Promotional offers on the eve of the holidays, discounts for regular customers, "package" services.
7. An enticing slogan, for example, in winter: "Start looking stunning now!"

Staff

Until the solarium has gained popularity, an administrator or consultant and cleaner is enough to serve customers. If a businessman has limited funds, then he can perform all functions independently. With a constant flow of visitors, working in shifts 7 days a week will require:

• 2 administrators for recording, accounting and general management of the salon;
• 2 solar consultants for direct communication with clients, determining skin type, conducting tanning sessions, instructing on the use of equipment;
• 2 cleaning ladies.

In the event that the salon provides other services, then you will need to hire specialists in manicure, pedicure, masseur, beautician.

Economic calculations

To find out how much it costs to open a solarium, you need to make an estimate of the initial investment, income and expenses. Investments in a salon project with a minimum set of services and with a wide range will differ several times. For example, calculations are made for a simple solarium with one vertical and one horizontal apparatus.

To launch a project, you need to pay the following costs:

Fixed business expenses per year are:

Annual income planning is based on average market prices and tanning salons:

Additional revenue for the salon comes from the sale of cosmetics and skin care products - another 200,000 rubles. Total earnings are 2,144,000 rubles, after deducting expenses - 874,000 rubles. arrived. Business investment will pay off in 10-12 months of activity.

It makes sense to spend the funds raised in the second year on expanding the project - opening a network of similar tanning salons or higher-level beauty salons.

Video: how to open a solarium - review.

Underwater rocks

Tanning studio owners pay attention to the seasonality of the business. The peak of those wishing to bring themselves into a beautiful shape falls in the spring and early summer - it is at this time that it is most profitable to open a business. Then the natural conditions for the production of melanin compete, and in autumn and winter the vital activity of many people is reduced, which negatively affects the income of tanning salons.

Second important point - the need to carefully observe safety precautions, instruct staff and customers, and change lamps in a timely manner. Many have heard about the dangers of artificial tanning for health, so the more positive and open information will be provided to customers the better. Modern equipment, when used correctly, is harmless, comfortable and efficient.