Development of new standards revision of existing standards. Basic requirements and procedure for developing standards. The procedure for the development of state standards
The development of a standard begins with development applications. The following subjects can apply for the development of a standard in accordance with their subordinate standardization objects: State bodies and organizations; scientific and technical, engineering and other public associations and various enterprises.
In order for Gosstandart of the Russian Federation to take into account the application when drawing up a plan for annual standardization, it is necessary that the application clearly justifies the relevance of establishing such a standard. Moreover, applicants have the opportunity to offer their own version of this standard.
Then, an agreement is concluded between the applicant and the developer, regulating the development of the standard in the following stages: writing a technical task; work on the draft standard; sending the developed version of the standard for consideration to the State Standard; changing the standard if necessary; revision and cancellation of the standard.
The Terms of Reference is the basis for all further work on the standard. It sets the deadlines for each stage of development, draws up an outline of the standard being developed, forms a complete set of requirements, rules and norms for the standard, indicates the intended scope of the standard. When developing a standard, feedback on the standard of subjects from the field of its application can be taken into account.
The development of the project includes two stages.
1. First edition. At this stage, it should be checked whether the project does not contradict the current laws of the Russian Federation and whether it complies with International standards... At this stage, the project is discussed by a special group, which must decide whether it satisfies the terms of the contract, the drawn up technical task and the provisions of the State Standardization System. Applicants and subjects from the scope of the standard should then review the first edition.
2. Second, or final, revision. At this stage, the feedback received is collected, corrections are made on their basis, and the final version of the document is prepared. In order for a document to be recommended for adoption, it is necessary that at least two-thirds of the technical committee for standardization that developed it be positively assessed. The final version of the document is sent to the State Standard of the Russian Federation and its customer.
The adoption of the standard occurs only after its obligatory verification, which should determine whether it contains this project contradictions with the current laws of the Russian Federation, established rules and regulations and general requirements for the design of standards. After that, the standard can be adopted by the Gosstandart of the Russian Federation indicating the date of its entry into force and, possibly (optional), the validity period. The adopted standard must be registered and published in the Information Index.
GOST R 1.2-92
STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
State system of standardization
Russian Federation
The procedure for the development of state standards
GOSSTANDARD OF RUSSIA
Moscow
Foreword
1 DEVELOPED by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Standardization (VNIIstandart) of the Gosstandart of Russia, revised with the participation of working group specialists of the national economy INTRODUCED by the Main Directorate of Technical Policy in the Field of Standardization of the Gosstandart of Russia 2 ACCEPTED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by the Resolution of the Gosstandart of Russia dated July 1, 1992 No. 7 3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME 4 REPUBLICATION (May 1999) with Amendment No. 1, adopted by the Resolution of the Gosstandart Russia dated December 15, 1993 No. 21
GOST R 1.2-92
STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
State system of standardization of the Russian Federation
The procedure for the development of state standards
State System for Standardization of Russian Federation.
Procedure for developing state standards
Date of introduction 1993-01-01
1 area of \u200b\u200buse
This standard establishes the requirements for the development, approval, acceptance, state registration, publication, updating (change, revision) and cancellation of state standards of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as standards). The provisions of this standard are subject to application by technical committees for standardization, government bodies, enterprises, entrepreneurs, scientific and technical, engineering societies and other public associations.2 Normative references
This standard uses a reference to the following standard: GOST R 1.5-92 State Standardization System of the Russian Federation. General requirements for the construction, presentation, design and content of standards3 Development of a standard
3.1 General
3.1.1 The development of state standards of the Russian Federation is carried out by technical committees for standardization (TC), as well as enterprises, public associations in accordance with the assignments of plans for state standardization of the Russian Federation, programs (plans) of TC work and contracts for the development of standards or on an initiative basis. 3.1.2 When developing standards, one should be guided by the legislation of the Russian Federation, state standards of the state standardization system of the Russian Federation and other normative documents on standardization. When developing standards, they use scientific and technical results of scientific research, experimental design, experimental technological, design work, results of patent research, international, regional standards, rules, norms and recommendations for standardization, progressive national standards of other countries and other information about modern achievements of domestic and foreign science, technology and technology. 3.1.3 In order to ensure organizational unity and create conditions for timely preparation for the use of standards, as a rule, the following procedure for developing a standard is envisaged: 1st stage - organizing the development of a standard; 2nd stage - development of the draft standard (first edition); 3rd stage - development of the draft standard (final version) and its submission for adoption; 4th stage - adoption and state registration of the standard; 5th stage - edition of the standard. Note - It is allowed to combine the stages of standard development, which is reflected in the contract for its development. 3.1.4 Construction, presentation, design, content and designation of standards - according to GOST R 1.5.3.2 Organization of standard development
3.2.1 Development of standards is preceded, as a rule, by the preparation and submission of applications for the development of standards in the TC for the objects of standardization assigned to them. The application provides a justification for the need to develop a standard. A draft standard prepared by the applicant may be attached to the application as a source material. Applications can be submitted by TC, scientific and technical, engineering societies and other public associations, state bodies management of the Russian Federation, enterprises and entrepreneurs. The preparation and consideration of applications, the formation of an annual plan for state standardization of the Russian Federation, the conclusion of an agreement for the development of a standard is carried out in the manner established by the Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia). In this case, it can be developed as an appendix to the contract for the development of a standard or as an independent document a technical task, which, for example, sets: - the stages of development and the timing of their implementation; - sections of the standard and an approximate nomenclature of the basic requirements established by the standard; - a list of documents to be submitted with the standard; - a list of government authorities and (or) enterprises to which the draft standard should be sent for consideration or approval; - additional requirements of the customer. 3.2.2 TC organizes the development of the draft standard: - determines the subcommittee (PC) in which the standard will be developed; - determines the working group or enterprise for the development of the draft standard; - sets the deadlines for the execution of work by stages of development of the standard in accordance with the deadlines established by the contract. The TC sends information about the beginning of the development of the standard (with a brief annotation) for publication in a specialized publication of the Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia) to receive applications from interested enterprises to send them to withdraw the draft standard (first edition).3.3 Development of the draft standard (first edition)
3.3.1 The working group (enterprise) prepares a draft standard and an explanatory note to it. The title of the explanatory note contains the name of the draft standard and the name of the stage of development of the standard. In the explanatory note to the draft standard, in the general case, the following is given: - the basis for the development of the standard, indicating the corresponding document; - a brief description of the object of standardization; - information on the compliance of the draft standard with the legislation of the Russian Federation, international, regional standards, rules, norms and recommendations for standardization (their drafts), as well as progressive national standards of other countries; - information about the patent purity of the draft standard; - information on the relationship of the draft standard with other normative documents on standardization and proposals for their revision, amendment or cancellation; - information on mailing for review and publication of the annotation on the draft standard, as well as a brief generalized description of fundamental comments and proposals (for the final version); - information about the approval, if it was carried out; - sources of information. 3.3.2 TC (PC) checks the draft standard for compliance with the terms of the contract for the development of the standard, the requirements of legislation and standards of the state standardization system of the Russian Federation and sends it with an explanatory note to the members of the TC (PC). 3.3.3 Members of the TC (SC) consider the draft standard (at a meeting, by correspondence, negotiations) and prepare their proposals on it in the manner determined by the TC (SC). 3.3.4 TC (PC), taking into account the proposals received, prepares the draft standard as the first edition. Note - The nomenclature and level of requirements included in draft standards, TC (PC) determines in accordance with 3.1.2. 3.3.5 TC (PC) sends the draft standard (first edition) with an explanatory note to the customer for the development of the standard and to the corresponding research organization of the Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia), if it is not a member of the TC (hereinafter - the research organization). TC (PC), taking into account the received applications for the draft standard, sends it for revocation. 3.3.6 After receiving the draft standard for revocation, interested enterprises and specialists draw up responses to the draft standard and send them to the TC (PC) in duplicate no later than 2 months from the date of receipt of the draft standard. Comments and proposals on the draft standard are stated in sequence: - for the project as a whole; - by sections, subsections, clauses, subclauses, enumerations, applications in the order of the standard presentation. Proposals for the introduction of new, deletion or change of the requirements provided for in the draft standard must be justified.3.4 Development of the draft standard (final version) and submission for adoption
3.4.1 TC (PC), taking into account the received feedback, prepares the final version of the draft standard. 3.4.2 The draft standard (final version) with an explanatory note by TC (PC) is sent to: - TC members (PC); - bodies of state control and supervision, if they are not members of the TC (PC), and if necessary; - to a research organization (in duplicate). TC (PC) members consider the draft standard in the manner and within the timeframe established by the TC (PC). Bodies of state control and supervision, which are not members of the TC (PC), within a month from the date of receipt of the draft standard, agree on this draft or give an opinion on it with substantiated proposals on the requirements of the draft standard related to their competence. The research organization prepares an opinion on the draft standard, ensures its editorial editing, sends to the TC (PC) the opinion and a copy of the draft standard that has been edited by the publisher, within a period not exceeding a month from the date of receipt of the draft. 3.4.3 TC (PC), taking into account the proposals of the TC (PC) members, coordination with the state control and supervision authorities, the conclusion of the research organization and the results of editorial editing, finalizes the draft standard. If there are disagreements on the draft standard, TC (PC) organizes the consideration and removal of these disagreements. 3.4.4 TC (PC) at the meeting considers the draft standard and votes on it. The decision of the meeting is drawn up in minutes. The minutes must indicate the results of voting of each enterprise (organization) - a member of the TC (PC). Confirmation of agreement with the draft standard of enterprises (organizations) - members of the TC (PC) by letter, telegram, fax, teletypegram signed by the head (deputy head) of the enterprise (organization) - a member of the TC (PC), or the signature of the head (deputy head) of the enterprise ( organizations) on the draft standard, if the permanent authorized representative of the enterprise (organization) - a member of the TC (PC) was not able to attend the meeting. If all TC (SC) members agree with the draft standard, it is allowed not to hold a TC (SC) meeting. The entry "Agreed with comments" is not allowed. 3.4.5 TC (PC) approves the draft standard, recommends it for adoption by the Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia) and sends it to the Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia), if at least two thirds of enterprises (organizations) - members of the TC (PC) agree with this draft ... At the same time, the draft standard cannot be sent for adoption in the following cases: - if the TC (PC) members, who are authorized representatives of the state control and supervision bodies, have not voted for it; - if it has not been approved by the state control and supervision bodies that are not members of the TC (PC). 3.4.6 TC sends for adoption to Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia) the draft standard (final version) in triplicate, one of which should be the first, with cover letter, signed by the chairman of the TC, and the following documentation in one copy: - an explanatory note to the draft standard (in accordance with 3.3.1); - minutes of the TC (PC) meeting to consider the final version of the draft standard; - authentic documents confirming the approval of the final version of the draft standard, if any; - a copy of the draft standard that has been edited by the publisher. At the same time, the draft standard (final version) with the attachment of an explanatory note and minutes of the TC (PC) meeting or documents confirming the approval of the draft standard with the TC (PC) members are sent to the customer of the standard. 3.4.7 If a standard is developed outside the scope of the enterprise's TC, public associations develop a draft standard taking into account the procedure provided for in subsections 3.2- 3.4. If there is a TC for a given standardization object, the enterprise (organization)-developer sends it a draft standard for revocation, and by decision of the Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia) and for approval. Note - The approval of the draft standard in the TC (PC) is carried out in accordance with 3.4.4.3.5 Acceptance and state registration of the standard
3.5.1 Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia) reviews the draft standard, adopts it and puts it into effect by the Resolution of Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia). Before the adoption of the standard, the Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia) checks it for compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the requirements of state standards, metrological rules and norms, the terminology used, the rules for the construction, presentation and design of standards. When a standard is adopted, the date of its entry into force is set, taking into account the measures necessary to implement the standard. The validity period of the standard is usually not set. 3.5.2 State registration of the standard is carried out by Gosstandart of Russia in the manner prescribed by it.3.6 Edition of the standard
3.6.1 Gosstandart of Russia publishes information on the adopted standards in the monthly information index "State Standards of the Russian Federation". Gosstandart of Russia and Gosstroy of Russia publish and distribute standards in the manner established by them.4 Update, cancellation of the standard
4.1 General
4.1.1 Updating the standard is carried out to maintain its compliance with the needs of the population, economy and defense of the country. TC (PC) analyzes and summarizes proposals for updating the standard received from enterprises - members of the TC, other enterprises, entrepreneurs, scientific and technical, engineering societies and other public associations, government authorities, including from state control and supervision bodies. A draft amendment or a draft revised standard may be submitted as a proposal. 4.1.2 Taking into account the proposals received, the TC develops and sends to the Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia) a draft amendment to the standard (proposals for revising the standard) or a proposal to abolish the standard, the decision on which is made by Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia). 4.1.3 Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia) decides to cancel the standard: - in connection with the termination of production or work (rendering of services) carried out in accordance with this standard; - when developing another regulatory document instead of this standard; - in other justified cases.4.2 Development of a change to the standard
4.2.1 A change to the standard is developed when replacing, adding or excluding individual requirements of the standard. A change to a product standard is developed when new, more progressive requirements are introduced into it, which do not entail a violation of interchangeability and compatibility new products with products manufactured according to the current standard. A change to the standard only of an editorial and (or) reference nature in the form of an independent document is not developed. A change of this nature is included in a change due to the replacement (addition, exclusion) of requirements for the quality of products (services), as well as in a change associated with the application of international (regional) standards, rules, norms and recommendations for standardization or progressive national standards of other countries. 4.2.2 Development of an amendment to the standard is carried out in the manner prescribed in section 3 for standards, and taking into account the requirements of this section. 4.2.3 When developing an amendment to the standard, simultaneously prepare proposals for changing the interrelated normative documents on standardization. 4.2.4 The draft amendment to the standard may not be coordinated with the state control and supervision bodies that are not members of the TC (PC), if the change does not affect the requirements related to their competence. 4.2.5 A draft amendment to the standard is sent for adoption to the Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia), as a rule, no later than 9 months before the expected date of introduction of the amendment. 4.2.6 Each amendment made to the standard is assigned by the State Standard of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia) a serial number and the date on which the amendment becomes effective (as a rule, not less than 6 months from the date of adoption of the amendment). 4.2.7 Information about the amendment to the standard and the text of this amendment are published in the information index "State Standards of the Russian Federation", published monthly by the Gosstandart of Russia. The publication in the information index of information on the replacement (cancellation) of the standard is the official basis for replacing the reference to it in the normative documents on standardization.4.3 Revision of the standard
4.3.1 When revising a standard, a new standard is developed to replace the current one. In this case, the current standard is canceled, and in the new standard it is indicated which standard it was developed instead of. The new standard is assigned the designation of the old standard, with the last two digits of the year of adoption replaced. The revision of the product standard is carried out when new, more progressive requirements are established, if they lead to a violation of the interchangeability of new products with products manufactured according to the current standard, and (or) a change in the main indicators of product quality. 4.3.2 When revising a standard for a specific product (not interchangeable according to new and current standards), if it is necessary to manufacture spare parts and repair previously released products in operation, the current standard is not canceled. In this case, the developer prepares a draft amendment to the current standard, in which he specifies the scope of its application: "This standard shall be used only for the manufacture of spare parts and repair of products in service." At the same time, the registration number of the standard to which such a change was developed is retained. 4.3.3 When revising a standard, simultaneously prepare proposals for updating or canceling related normative documents on standardization.4.4 Withdrawal of the standard
4.4.1 If it agrees with the proposal to cancel the standard, the TC sends to Gosstandart of Russia (Gosstroy of Russia) with a cover letter signed by the chairman of the TC, the following documentation in one copy: - Minutes of the TC (PC) meeting containing a proposal to cancel the standard, as well as information about which document will act instead, or information about the cancellation of the standard without replacement; - authentic documents confirming the coordination of the possibility of canceling the standard with the state control and supervision bodies that previously agreed on the standard, if they are not members of the TC (PC). 4.4.2 Gosstandart of Russia registers a document on the cancellation of the standard and publishes this information in the information index of state standards of the Russian Federation, as a rule, no later than 3 months before the date of cancellation of the standard. Keywords: state standards of the Russian Federation; procedure for development, approval, acceptance, state registration, renewal, cancellationTypes of standards.
There are the following types of standards:
Product standards;
Work and process standards;
Standards for test methods, control, analysis;
The fundamental standards, in turn, are divided into:
General technical standards;
Organizational and methodological standards.
General technical standards governing the terms of definition, designation, nomenclature of quality indicators perform the function of ensuring information compatibility and unambiguous understanding of the object of standardization. General technical standards regulating general requirements and (or) norms perform the function of ensuring technical unity and interrelation of standardization objects. The standards governing methods establish general methods design preparation of production, testing, storage, transportation, operation and repair of products.
Organizational and methodological standards that regulate the basic (general) provisions establish general requirements that ensure the organizational and technical unity of standardization objects. The standards governing the order (rules) ensure the unity and interconnection of management processes in various areas of activity. The standards governing the construction (presentation, design, content) ensure information compatibility of the documentation. Product standards regulate product requirements and divide
General standards technical requirements;
General technical specifications;
Specifications standards.
The standards of general technical requirements and general technical conditions establish comprehensive requirements for a group of homogeneous products for their development, production, circulation and consumption (operation). The standards governing the parameters and (or) sizes, types, brands, assortment, design establish requirements for the standard size and parametric series, ensuring the unification and interchangeability of products. The standards governing the rules of acceptance, control methods, labeling, packaging, transportation, storage, operation and repair of these products perform the function of ensuring the specified quality of products during their production, maintaining quality during transportation and storage, full use of products during consumption, product restoration. Technical specification standards regulate the requirements not for a group of homogeneous products, but for specific products. Work and process standards establish rules for carrying out various types of work and processes. Their main requirement is to ensure the safety of life, health and property during these works (processes). Standards for test methods, control, analysis regulate the requirements for test methods, research and development, testing for product certification. Technical conditions are a normative document that is subject to industry subordination, and is of temporary importance until the introduction of GOST for this product.
4. Bodies and services for standardization.State Committee for Standardization. According to ISO / IEC Guide 2, standardization activities are carried out by the relevant bodies and organizations. The body is considered as a legal or administrative unit with specific tasks and structure. The main function of such a body is the development and approval of standard documents available to a wide range of consumers. The national standardization body in Russia is the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization and Metrology (Gosstandart of Russia). Gosstandart of Russia performs the following functions: coordinates the activities of state governing bodies related to issues of standardization, certification, metrology; interacts with the authorities of the republics within the Russian Federation and other constituent entities of the Federation in the field of standardization, certification, metrology; directs the activities of technical committees and subjects economic activity on the development, application of standards, other problems in accordance with its competence; prepares draft laws and other legal acts within its competence; establishes the procedure and rules for carrying out work on standardization, metrology, certification; accepts most of the state standards, all-Russian classifiers technical and economic information.; carries out state registration norms, documents, as well as standard samples of substances and materials; manages the accreditation of testing laboratories and certification bodies; exercises state supervision over compliance with the mandatory requirements of standards, metrology rules and mandatory certification; represents Russia in international organizationsdealing with the issues of standardization, certification, metrology and in the interstate council of the CIS; cooperates with the relevant national bodies foreign countries; directs the work of research institutes and territorial bodiesperforming the functions of Gosstandart in the regions; monitors and supervises compliance with the mandatory requirements of GOSTs, the rules of mandatory certification; participates in work on international, regional and interstate (within the CIS) standardization; establishes the rules for the application in Russia of international, regional and interstate standards, norms and recommendations; in the development of GOSTs, determines the organizational and technical rules, forms and methods of interaction between business entities, both among themselves and with government authorities, which will be included in regulatory documents; organizes the training and advanced training of specialists in the field of standardization.
Gosstandart determines strategic directions for standardization, analyzes all orders, work plans of technical committees, proposals of business entities and develops annual plans by standards. Technical committees for standardization. The permanent working bodies for standardization are technical committees (TC). They specialize depending on the object of standardization. The scientific and technical basis for the creation of TC are enterprises or organizations, the profile of which corresponds to the specialization of TC. Other standardization services. Other business entities that develop regulatory documents (standards for industries and enterprises) create in their organizational structure special services that coordinate the creation of standards.
The procedure for developing standards.
The work of a technical committee for standardization begins with collecting applications for the development of a standard. Applicants can be government agencies and organizations, public associations, scientific and technical societies, enterprises, firms, entrepreneurs who send applications to the technical committee. On the basis of applications, Gosstandart of the Russian Federation forms an annual plan for state standardization of Russia. The development of the draft standard is preceded by organizational work technical committee for standardization. At this stage, the technical committee seeks to more clearly identify the organizations from which it is advisable to obtain feedback on the draft standard. The development of the project goes through two stages. First, the first edition is created. The main requirements for the first edition relate to the compliance of the project with the legislation of Russia, international rules and norms, national standards of foreign countries, subject to the progressiveness of these documents and a higher scientific and technical level. The standard is adopted by the State Standard of the Russian Federation. The acceptance procedure includes a mandatory analysis of the project content for compliance with Russian legislation, metrological rules and regulations, terminological standards, as well as GOST R 1.5-2001 “GSS. General requirements to the construction, presentation, design and content of standards ". The standard is adopted by consensus, after which the date of its implementation is set. The validity period of the standard is usually not specified. Further, the standard is subject to registration, information about it is published in the annual Information Index. Revision of the state standard is essentially the development of a new one to replace the current one. The need for revision arises in the event that the changes introduced are associated with a significant adjustment of the main indicators of product quality and affect its compatibility and interchangeability. The cancellation of the standard can be carried out either with its replacement with a new one, or without replacement. Decision-making on amendments, revisions, cancellation of the standard, as well as the corresponding publication in the Information Index under the jurisdiction of the State Standard of the Russian Federation. The renewal or cancellation of the enterprise standard is carried out by decision of the management of the business entity that adopted the standard.
goals The purpose of standardization is to identify the most correct and economical option. The objectives of standardization can be divided into general and narrower ones related to ensuring compliance. Common goals follow, first of all, from the content of the concept. The specification of general goals for Russian standardization is associated with the fulfillment of those requirements of the standards that are mandatory. These include the development of norms, requirements, rules ensuring: safety of products, works, services for the life and health of people, environment and property; compatibility and interchangeability of products; the quality of products, works and services in accordance with the level of development of scientific and technological progress; uniformity of measurements; saving all types of resources; safety of economic facilities associated with the possibility of various disasters and emergencies; defense capability and mobilization readiness of the country.
Tasks
The main tasks of standardization are: the establishment of requirements for the technical level and quality of products, as well as norms, requirements and methods in the field of design and production of products, allowing to accelerate the implementation of progressive methods of production high Quality and eliminate the irrational variety of types, brands and sizes; development of industrial products as essential condition specialization of production; ensuring the unity and reliability of measurements in the country, creation and improvement of state standards of units of physical quantities, as well as methods and measuring instruments of the highest accuracy; formation of a system of labor safety standards and improving the use of natural resources;
Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation
Department of Science and Technology Policy and Education
Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education
"Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University"
Institute of Land Management, Cadastres and Environmental Management
Department of Environmental Engineering
abstract
on metrology, standardization and certification
The procedure for the development of state standards
Completed by: student of group 54-C Kolmakova O.G.
Accepted by: Ph.D. Associate professor Vinogradova L.I.
Krasnoyarsk 2011
INTRODUCTION 3
1. PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING STATE STANDARDS 5
CONCLUSION 11
LIST OF REFERENCES 13
INTRODUCTION
The legal basis for standardization in the Russian Federation is established by the law "On standardization". The provisions of the law are binding on all government bodies of management of business entities, regardless of the form of ownership of public associations. The law defines the measures of state protection of the interests of the consumer and the state through the requirements, rules and norms introduced into the state standards during their development and state control over the fulfillment of the mandatory requirements of the standards when they are applied. The essence of standardization in the Russian Federation is interpreted by the law as an activity aimed at determining the norms, rules, requirements, characteristics that must ensure the safety of products, works and services, their technical and information compatibility, interchangeability, the quality of products (services) in accordance with scientific and technical achievements ...
Norms and requirements of standards can also relate to the safety of households. actors in emergency situations, to the defense and mobilization capabilities of the country.
Based on the legal norms of the law, the principles and tasks of standardization in the Russian Federation are determined:
1. The feasibility of developing a standard is determined by analyzing its need in social, economic and technical aspects.
2. The priority area of \u200b\u200bstandardization is the safety of the object of standardization for humans and the environment, as well as ensuring compatibility and interchangeability of products.
Standardization work in the Russian Federation is organized and carried out by a system of standardization bodies and services, which consists of:
Gosstandart of Russia - the national body for standardization of the Russian Federation;
Department of technical regulation, standardization and certification of the Gosstroy of Russia;
divisions of standardization, certification, metrology of federal ministries and departments of the Russian Federation;
technical committees (TC) for standardization, created on a voluntary basis by interested parties (enterprises and organizations);
divisions of standardization (departments, bureaus, groups), created by economic entities (enterprises and organizations).
The procedure for the development, adoption, registration of national standards is established by the standards of the State Standardization System (SSS).
Government standards are not subject to copyright. They are developed collectively in accordance with GOST R 1.2-92. The developers of GOST R are technical committees for standardization under the State Standard of Russia, assigned to the objects of standardization. They include on a voluntary basis: authorized representatives of all enterprises and organizations interested in developing standards (developers, manufacturers, consumers of products); leading scientists and specialists specializing in certain types of products or technologies; representatives of public organizations.
1. PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING STATE STANDARDS
Technical committees under the Gosstandart of Russia operate in accordance with the annual standardization plan. The plan is drawn up on the basis of applications that can be submitted to the TC by enterprises, citizens engaged in self-employment, and management bodies. The applications must justify the need to work with the standard. As a result, a complete work order for a year is formed from the proposals received.
The creation of a standard from planning its development to publication is carried out in a specific sequence, which, as a rule, includes the following stages (GOST R 1.2-92):
1st stage - organization of standard development and preparation of technical specifications for development;
2nd stage - development of a draft standard (first, if necessary, subsequent revisions);
3rd stage - development of the final version of the draft standard and its submission to the State Standard of Russia for the adoption of the standard;
4th stage - adoption and state registration (number assignment) of the standard;
5th stage - edition of the standard.
The state standard, in the process of its application, can be checked, if necessary, changes are made to it, the standard can be revised or canceled, completely canceled.
Interested enterprises and organizations receive information about the current standards, the introduction of new state standards, changes to them through the annual and monthly information signs "State Standards of the Russian Federation", which they receive by subscription.
The work of a technical committee begins with collecting applications for the development of a standard. Applicants can be state bodies and organizations, public associations, scientific and technical societies, enterprises, firms, entrepreneurs who send applications to the TC in accordance with the standardization objects assigned to them.
The application must necessarily justify the need to develop a normative document, it is also possible that a draft standard already developed by the applicant is attached to it.
Based on the applications, Gosstandart RF (Gosstroy RF) draws up an annual plan for state standardization of Russia.
Further work is carried out on the basis of contracts for the development of a standard between the applicant and the corresponding TC and includes the following stages: drawing up a technical assignment (by a developing organization or TC), developing a draft standard, submitting the final version of the project to Gosstandart RF (Gosstroy RF) for adoption, updating the standard , revision and cancellation of the standard.
Consider the content of the stages in the development of a state standard.
IN terms of reference determine: the timing of each stage included in the content of the work as a whole; content and structure of the future standard and a list of requirements for the object of standardization; a list of interested potential consumers of this standard (government agencies, enterprises, firms, etc.). To the organizations selected for the list, the draft standard will probably be sent out for revocation or, if necessary, for approval; special or additional proposals of the customer of the normative document and other information related to the development procedure, the content of the standard, etc.
The development of the draft standard is preceded by the organizational work to be done by the TC. This is due to the clear placement of tasks in subcommittees and working groups in accordance with the objects of standardization. In addition, at this stage, the TC seeks to more definitely designate the organizations from which it is advisable to obtain feedback on the draft standard. To do this, brief information about the regulatory documents being developed is published in a specialized publication of the Gosstandart of the Russian Federation (or the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation), so that interested parties can declare their intentions.
The development of the project goes through two stages. First, the first edition is created. The main requirements for the first edition relate to the compliance of the project with Russian legislation, international rules and norms, as well as national standards of foreign countries, provided that these documents are progressive and have a higher scientific and technical level. An important point at this stage is the determination of the patent purity of the object of standardization, which requires appropriate research and proper information support.
The draft in the first edition, drawn up by the subcommittee and the working group, should be considered by TC members either at a special meeting or by correspondence to ensure that it complies with the terms of the agreement for the development of the standard, the requirements of Russian legislation and the provisions of the State Standardization System. After that, the project is sent for review to the customers of the standard and previously identified interested organizations.
The second stage of development consists in analyzing the feedback received, drawing up the final version of the draft regulatory document and preparing it for adoption. The final version should be reviewed by members of the TC, state control and supervision bodies for compliance with the mandatory requirements of the standard, research institutes of Gosstandart (Gosstroy). If at least two thirds of the TC members agree with the final version of the draft, then the document is considered approved and recommended for adoption. The draft standard must be sent to the State Standard of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation), as well as to the customer of the regulatory document.
The adoption of the standard is carried out by the State Standard of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation). The acceptance procedure includes a mandatory analysis of the content of the project for compliance with Russian legislation, metrological rules and norms, terminological standards, as well as GOST R 1.5-91 "GSS. General requirements for the construction, presentation, design and content of standards." The standard is adopted by consensus, after which the date of its implementation is set. The validity period of the standard is usually not specified.
All of the above functions are performed by the State Standard of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation) in the manner established by it.
The standard should not be a brake on the development of the economy in accordance with the achievements of scientific and technological progress. But since its validity period is not established, constant work of all TC members and interested parties is required, aimed at timely updating the regulatory document. According to the State Security Service of the Russian Federation, the standard is being updated to maintain its compliance with the needs of the population, the economy and the country's defense capability. The analysis of the current standard may result in changes to its content, or revision or cancellation of a normative document.
In order to obtain information for updating the standards, technical committees are constantly working to maintain feedback with enterprises and organizations that adopt the standards, and also analyze proposals from TC members on amendments to existing regulatory documents. If it is necessary to update the standard, the TC develops a draft change, a draft of a revised standard or proposals to cancel the current regulatory document and submits a proposal to the State Standard of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation). A change made to a product standard usually concerns more progressive requirements for it. But they should not violate the interchangeability and compatibility of products manufactured according to the updated standard with those produced according to the current one.
Revision of the state standard is essentially the development of a new one to replace the current one. The need for revision arises in the event that the changes introduced are associated with a significant adjustment to the main indicators of product quality and affect its compatibility and interchangeability.
The cancellation of the standard can be carried out either with its replacement with a new one or without replacement. The reason, as a rule, is the termination of the release of products (services), which were produced according to this regulatory document, or the adoption of a new standard.
The adoption of final decisions on amendments, revision and cancellation of state standards, as well as the corresponding publication in the Information Index of Standards are under the jurisdiction of the RF Gosstandart (RF Gosstroy).
The decision to amend, revise or cancel the industry standard is made by the government body that approved this regulatory document. The cancellation of the industry standard is usually associated either with the withdrawal of products from production, or with the introduction of a state standard for the same standardization object with the same or higher requirements and norms.
The renewal or cancellation of the enterprise standard is carried out by the decision of the management of the business entity itself, which has adopted this standard.
The standards of scientific and technical societies, public associations are revised with the aim of introducing new results of scientific research or industrial achievements related to the introduction of inventions and scientific discoveries. The abolition of this category of normative documents is associated with the obsolescence of the object of standardization.
All business entities that have been granted the right to develop, update and cancel standards are obliged to inform the State Standard of the Russian Federation about the work done and its results.
CONCLUSION
So, summing up the above, it can be noted in brief that the work on the development of state standards has the following content:
The organization of standards development involves the definition of specific performers (working group), the timing of work and the publication of information about the beginning of work on the standard in order to have feedback with the customers of the project.
The working group is developing two documents: a draft standard and an explanatory note to the standard. The construction, presentation, design and content of the GOST R draft is carried out in accordance with GOST R 1.5-92. The explanatory note contains the following information: compliance of the draft standard with international and regional standards; information about the patent purity of the object of standardization (lack of a similar standard); sources of information taken into account when developing the draft standard; information about the addressees of the draft standard distribution.
The draft standard and the explanatory note are submitted to the TC for verification of compliance with current legislation. After that, the TC passes the draft standard for revocation to interested enterprises and specialists.
The TC, taking into account the comments and suggestions received, prepares two documents: the final version of the draft standard and an explanatory note, which is supplemented by the characteristics of fundamental comments on the draft standard. The final version, together with an explanatory note, is submitted for consideration to: TC members; organizations of state supervision over standards; a standardization research organization for editorial editing.
- the issue of the adoption of the draft standard is resolved by voting of the TC members and registration of the voting results by the protocol.
The adopted GOST R drafts are submitted for approval to the State Standard of Russia. When the standard is approved, the date of its entry into force is established.
The state registration of approved standards is carried out in the Federal Fund of Standards with the assignment of a registration number in the prescribed manner. The use of GOST R that has not passed state registration is prohibited.
Information about the adoption of the standard is published in the monthly information index "State Standards of the Russian Federation".
LIST OF USED LITERATURE
State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements (1)
Test work \u003e\u003e... state needs; order examination of projects of national standards; order publication of notices of developing national standard ... testing of medical equipment; development state standards, methods and normative ...
Standard organizations of JSC Kuril Fisherman
Coursework \u003e\u003e Industry, ManufacturingAnd health preservation. 1.2. Concepts and order development standards organizations in Federal law "On technical regulation" ... for federal state needs, coordination of the project of this standard from state by a customer approved by ...
Order development strategic plans of the enterprise
Abstract \u003e\u003e ManagementForm, structure and order development intra-company plan. Process development comprehensive social plan ..., technical financial plan, business plan, standard-plan and a number of others, which ... at the level of the entire economy of the country ( state, national), by individual ...
Nikiforov, A.D. Metrology, standardization and certification: Textbook / A.D. Nikiforov, T.A. Bakiev. - 2nd ed. - M .: graduate School, 2005 .-- 422 p.
Industry standards, standards enterprises, standards scientifically ...