Presentation of the project “Creation of an enterprise for the development and processing of chalk and lime on the basis of the depressive site of Todisa LLC on the territory of Shebekino. Calculation of the cost of food for workers in the quarry. Preparation of technical specifications for the development of a quarry

Types of jobs: Technical documentation; project documentation; working documentation; career development business plan; detailed design of open pit reclamation.

Design object: Open pit of widespread minerals, open pit for ore extraction, nonmetallic open pit, soil open pit, gravel open pit, open pit mine, construction open pits, crushed stone open pit.

Stage: New construction; reconstruction; technical re-equipment; equipment modernization; justification of construction; pre-design study

Possible agreement: State construction expertise; industrial safety expertise; environmental assessment; examination of the RCC (Rosnedra). A license to develop the project is required.

Building permit - required, with the exception of enterprises for the extraction of common minerals (ORMPI) performed without the use of drilling and blasting operations. Quarry construction may commence prior to the issuance of a quarry permit. In this case, they usually make a pilot production project for a small production volume and prepare a site for a quarry.

Design time - from one to eight months from the date of receipt of the survey.

Pit Design Information:

Quarry - a set of mine workings formed during the extraction of a mineral by an open way. Read more at Wikipedia.

According to the chemical composition of the extracted raw materials, the quarries are divided into three groups: quarries for the extraction of metallic minerals, quarries for the extraction of non-metallic minerals, and quarries for the extraction of fossil fuels.

Nonmetallic careers

1.Non-explosive construction material quarries - quarries of clay, loam, cement raw materials, block stone.

Building rocks are all types of mined rocks, which in the form of processed and unprocessed blocks, pieces, crushed, sorted, washed or enriched material are used for construction purposes;

Sands quarry.

The sand quarry is one of the most demanded quarries near metropolitan areas. Construction sites in large cities need a lot of sand and gravel. Sands are a product of natural physical destruction of rocks or their artificial crushing.

Sand quarries used in industry are divided into:

Quarries producing sand-screening for mass use, which are used in industrial, civil and road construction for the manufacture of concrete, in the production of Portland cement, building and sand-lime bricks, roofing products. The largest number of licenses falls on this type of building materials quarry, crushed stone quarries. Construction consumes about 80% of the total amount of mined sand.

Quarries for the extraction of natural sand for highly specialized purposes, used for the production of masonry and plaster mortars, special types of concrete. These sands are not allowed to contain loam, clay lumps and clogging impurities.

The depth of a quarry usually does not exceed 15 meters. The pit bottom is usually uneven and requires additional grading to collect water. Sand quarries are often watered. Sand mining in a quarry can be dry or wet. Sand loading in the quarry is carried out by loaders or construction hydraulic excavators, as they have less impact on the ground and have the necessary mobility. On a flooded open pit, various open pit development schemes can be applied. Hydromechanized or dredged mining can be used.

In the development of sand quarries, surface deposits are often used. Opening a quarry usually involves removing the soil-fertile layer.

Clay quarry.

Clays themselves are clay minerals of a certain granulometric composition, forming a plastic dough with water, and after firing they acquire the hardness of a stone. The main characteristics for clays are:

Chemical and mineralogical composition. Depending on the amount of the composition of clay-forming minerals, monomineral and polymineral clay rocks are distinguished. Monomineral clays include kaolin and montmorillonite clays, polymineral clays - most clays consisting of a mixture of clay minerals.

Refractoriness of clays

Adsorption properties

Saponifying properties - the ability to absorb petroleum products and oils and saponify them. Because of this property, the development of clay pits is carried out with low-tonnage equipment.

Clay deposits are usually shallow. The depth of the quarry is shallow and does not exceed 20-30 meters. Much attention is paid to water inflows into the quarry and its drainage. Protection of the quarry from floods and rainstorms is envisaged. Development usually takes place in several steps. The open pit ledge is 5-10 meters.

Soil quarry (quarry PGS, PRG).

Sands often contain coarse material (boulders, gravel) that can also be used in production (sand and gravel quarry). Gravel pits are mainly used for construction purposes. In this case, the depth of the quarry can be up to 20-30 meters.

One of the features of the development of open pit mines is the removal of the surface layer and the preparation of reserves for production in winter in a warm period.

The development of the open pit mine and the open pit of the soil is carried out by excavators or loaders with preliminary loosening of the rock with a bulldozer. Also, by loosening in warm weather to a depth of at least 0.35 meters, the soil in the quarry is protected from freezing in winter.

Often, open-pit mine and soil open-pit mines are not hazardous
production facilities.

The pit depth usually does not exceed the first tens of meters.

Quarries also produce rubble stone. Rubble stone - large fragments of rocks with a diameter of 150 to 500 mm. Rubble stone is used for laying foundations, in the construction of hydraulic, transport and other structures. It should not have visible delamination and contain inclusions of clay and marl.

Depending on the compressive strength of the original rock in the saturated state, rubble stone is subdivided into grades 1400, 1200, 1000, 800, 600, 400, 300, 200 and 100. The production of quarries of rubble stone from metamorphic rocks must have a grade of at least 400, and of the erupted at least 600.

Refers to natural stone quarries. Marble is a metamorphic variety of carbonate rocks - limestones and dolomites, differing from them in their granular-crystalline structure and high density. Low porosity makes it a highly polished material. The products of marble quarries are stone blocks (the development of marble deposits is carried out without the use of blasting operations), which are relatively easy to saw into thin slabs. They are used to make slabs for interior decoration of buildings, stair steps, floor tiles.

Fine grained varieties of marbles are used to create sculptures.

Blasting open pit mines
– quarries of building stone, limestone. The development of such pits is carried out only with the use of blasting operations. These careers can be of great depth. Usually they produce several types of products: crushed stone, screenings, flagstone, rubble stone. The development of stone quarries takes a longer time due to a more developed structure and a larger number of technological processes.

Limestone quarry.

Limestone is a sedimentary carbonate rock consisting mainly of calcite (CaCO 3). The main characteristics of the limestone quarry fossils are:

Chemical composition of limestones;

Strength and hardness;

Fluxability;

Astringent properties;

Fracturing.

The use of a limestone quarry for the production of building stone is determined by such indicators as compressive strength, water absorption, frost resistance and fracturing. Also, a limestone quarry can be used for the production of rubble stone. Often, in terms of chemical composition, limestones with a crystalline structure are high-quality rubble stones. Limestone can also be used to make wall stone.

Limestone is often used in the construction of highways. Another area of \u200b\u200blimestone use is the production of binders. The main binders obtained from limestones are building limes and Portland cements.

Sand quarry, quartzite quarry.

Sandstones are the products of the destruction of igneous rocks of quartz-bearing rocks (quartz sands) that have undergone compaction and cementation. The main characteristics of the sand pit fossils are:

Chemical composition (SiO2 content is the main component that determines the industrial value of a sand pit, and together with the composition and amount of impurities affects technological properties quartzite)

Refractoriness

Macro and microstructure of rocks

Physical and mechanical properties after firing at a temperature of 1460 degrees with exposure for one hour

Physical and mechanical properties after firing at 1600 degrees with holding for four hours.

Also, on a sandy deposit, it is possible to organize a quarry for the extraction of piece stone, used as sub-truss stones for bridges, external facing of increased resistance, etc.

Gabbro is a basic abyssal rock containing 40 to 52% of silica SiO 2 and consists of feldspars, augite and olivine. A variety of gabbro, consisting of almost one labrador plagioclase (more than 85%), is called labradorite and is a valuable decorative and facing material. The labrodiorite quarries are mined in a non-explosive manner. The rest of the quarries are crushed stone quarries. Crushed stone gabbro quarries have a large slope of the quarry side (up to 40-50 degrees), and a mining depth of up to 150 meters.

Gabbro rocks have high compressive strength (200-280 MPa) and an average density of 3100 kg / m³.

The granite quarry is the most common construction quarry in the world. Granite is the most widespread Casla rock in nature, containing 65-75% of silica SiO 2.
It contains feldspar, plagioclase, quartz and hornblende. The compressive strength ranges from 100 to 250 MPa and above. The density of granites is 2600-2800 kg / m³. Crushed granite quarry is obtained by crushing rocks. A characteristic feature of crushed stone is the sharpness of the edges and the roughness of the edges of the pieces. The crushed stone of a granite quarry is not fire resistant enough. Therefore, when drilling wells for blasting, fire drilling machines can be used. The development of a granite quarry necessarily includes the development of a drilling and blasting project. The depth of the granite quarry can be up to 200 meters. In addition to the production of crushed stone during crushing, a related product appears - screening. Depending on the size, crushed stone is divided into the following main fractions: from 5 (3) to 10mm; over 10 to 20mm; over 20 to 40 mm; over 40 to 80 (70) mm; and mixtures of fraction from 5 (3) mm to 20 mm. The overburden of the open pit is also processed.

When developing a granite quarry, launch sites can be allocated to reduce the tax burden on the enterprise.

The value and cost of a quarry is determined depending on the grade of crushed stone. The quarry products are divided into the main grades of crushed stone - 1200, 100, 800, 600, 400, 300 and 200, which are determined depending on the losses of crushed stone when tested in dry and water-saturated state.

The protection of the quarry from water is minimal, since the rocks are often not watered or the water inflow is insignificant. The bottom of the quarry is flat.

The technology for the development of a granite quarry is of the same type: with the use of blasting operations, mining is carried out by excavators with loading on vehicles, then crushing and sorting of the rock on a mobile or stationary crushing plant and storage.

Quarries of nonmetallic materials

- quarries of non-metallic materials for the metallurgical industry - quarries of dolomite, magnesite, fluorite, graphite, refractory clays, molding materials;

Dolomite quarry.

Dolomite is a rock consisting of the mineral dolomite 2 and calcite or clay impurities. The main characteristics of the fossilized dolomite quarry are:

Uniformity of the material;

Textural and structural features;

Mechanical strength;

Sintering degree.

Dolomite quarry products are used for the production of caustic dolomite and building lime. Construction lime is obtained by firing pure and marly dolomites at a temperature of 1000-1100 degrees. As a result of firing dolomites, lumpy quicklime is obtained; when it is quenched with water, hydrated lime is formed - fluff.

If a dolomite quarry works for the production of building stone, then the requirements are similar to those for limestone quarries.

Other nonmetallic careers

- industrial raw materials quarries - asbestos, talc, mica, diamonds, etc.

Asbestos quarry.

Asbestos is used in the production of asbestos textile and asbestos-cement materials, for the production of acid-resistant and heat-resistant plastics, in the production of rubber, thermal insulation products. Asbestos is a mineral that is chemically hydrous silicates of magnesium, iron, sodium and calcium. The largest quarry is in Sverdlovsk region near the city of Asbestos.

Raw material quarries for chemical industry - phosphorites, apatites, sulfur, arsenic, salt

Quarries for the extraction of combustible materials

Quarries for the extraction of combustible materials are divided into open-pit mines (open-pit mines), peat quarries and oil shale quarries

Coal pit (open pit).

Fossil coal is a hard combustible sedimentary rock that is a product of changes in plant sediments and microorganisms. The quality and type of coal are determined by the nature and petrographic composition, the degree of metamorphization and the composition of mineral impurities. Depending on the degree of metamorphization, brown, stone and anthracite coals are distinguished. Coals are used in three main directions: as energy, technological and chemical fuel. Currently, about 80% of mined coals are used as fuel, the remaining 20% \u200b\u200bin the production of coke, gas and synthetic products. The main characteristics of the clay pit fossil are:

Ash content;

Humidity;

Volatile compounds yield;

Calorific value;

Caking capacity of coal;

Ash fusibility

The depth of powerful sections can be up to 500m.

Cutting capacity is determined by the amount of marketable coal. The choice of technology for the development of a pit (section) is made on the basis of an enlarged technical and economic comparison of possible options. For stripping operations in quarries, powerful equipment is accepted:

Multi-bucket excavators with a productivity from 2500 m3 / hour;

Shovel excavators with bucket from 5 m³;

Dragline excavators with bucket capacity of 10 m³ and above.

The overburden can be moved by conveyor transport or bucket wheel excavators. Opening of coal cuts is carried out according to standard technological schemes of conducting mining operations in coal mines.

Coal transportation can be carried out both by traditional railway and road transport, as well as by conveyor, cable-suspended, pipeline and hydraulic. In coal mines, an internal dumping method is often used (typical for extended Kuzbass deposits).

Protection of the quarry from flooding should ensure safe and favorable conditions for mining operations; the stability of the sides and ledges of the section, the stability of the internal dumps due to the lowering of groundwater; reduction of coal moisture. During the development of the open-pit, the screening of the coal seams should be provided. In connection with the use of large equipment, the power supply scheme for the quarry (open pit) is carried out from power lines.

Peat quarry.

Peat is used as a fuel, as a raw material for the chemical industry, as an insulating material and as a fertilizer for agriculture... Peat quarries are not widespread. Peat extraction occurs mainly when swamps are drained, and it is economically less profitable to extract peat in a quarry.

Ore quarries

Ore quarries are divided into:

Quarries of ferrous metal ores (iron ore, manganese, chrome, titanium, nickel, cobalt, tungsten);

Quarries of non-ferrous metal ores (copper-zinc, aluminum, tin, mercury);

Quarries of precious metals (gold, silver and platinum);

Quarries of radioactive metals (uranium and thorium);

Quarries of rare metals (zirconium, beryllium, lithium, cadmium, etc.). Ore quarries have a depth of development of up to 500 meters, and in some cases, after reaching the limiting contour, the deposit is reworked by the mine. Powerful machines are usually used for ore quarries.

Quite often a mining and processing plant is built on the board of a quarry. Quarrying methods necessarily include exploding quarries. Explosions in ore quarries can occur up to several times a month.

The main consumer of iron ores is metallurgy (over 90% of all production). Ores are divided into hematite, magnetite, titanium-magnesite, brown-iron ore, siderite and silicate. The open pit ore is the raw material for the production of pig iron in blast furnaces, steel in open-hearth furnaces and electric furnaces and Bessemer
converters. Rail transport is most often used as the main one. If the iron ore quarry has a great depth, then at the bottom of the quarry, mining by road can be organized with the subsequent transshipment of ore to rail transport. All mined iron ore is pretreated, including crushing and screening, chemical blending, roasting, beneficiation, fluxing and agglomeration. Watered quarries are often found due to their great depth and large size. In such quarries, large dewatering systems are provided.The water flow in such quarries can reach several thousand cubic meters per hour. Stripping ratios at which it is advisable to develop a deposit with an open pit is 20-30.

The overburden of the quarry can be used for the production of crushed stone. For iron ore quarries, overburden with a higher composition is preferableCaO and MgO , since these rocks are the most economical for smelting due to the reduction in limestone consumption.

Copper-zinc and copper quarries.

Open pit ore is used as raw material for the production of:

Pure copper for electrical engineering and instrument making

Copper alloys for the production of various parts

Zinc

Explosions in quarries occur more often than in iron ore quarries, since higher requirements are imposed on the quality of non-ferrous ores, and in copper quarries, mining of a given grade of ore, quality control is more developed, and technologies are used to reduce dilution and losses. In copper pits, there are rich ores with a copper content of more than 2%, medium-quality ores - 1%, poor ores 0.7-1% and very poor ores - less than 1%.

The structure of the quarry, as in the iron ore quarries, is quite complex. Copper pits are smaller along strike, but rather deep. Therefore, slightly different pit development technologies are used. In the quarries, railway transport is almost not used or there are reloading points on the surface.

The overburden ratios at which it is advisable to develop a deposit in an open pit reach 10-20 m³ / t. Overburden can be used for the production of crushed stone only if it does not contain sulfur.

Main stages of field development

Site selection.

The quarry site must satisfy many factors. There should be no residential buildings, protected areas near the site, the side of the quarry should be located outside the protected zones of other enterprises.

Career appraisal.

A career assessment or determination of prospects occurs at the pre-project stage with the aim of obtaining investment from banks or investors. For this, a business plan for the development of a quarry is being developed. The business plan confirms the economic feasibility and economic need for the construction of a new or reconstruction of an old quarry.

Selection of equipment and technology for quarry development

At the pre-investment stage, the customer analyzes the necessary equipment suitable for the required characteristics of the open pit. A preliminary transport structure of the quarry is drawn up, which includes the main technological equipment, the main machines for the quarries are selected (mining dump trucks, drilling rigs, vehicles, excavators and bulldozers). Meetings are held with representatives of manufacturing firms. At this stage, preliminary agreements on prinvention, delivery, installation and adjustment of equipment.

Turnkey equipment installation takes from three months to a year. The need for explosive work in quarries, the electricity needs for electricity supply and lighting of the quarry are calculated.

Development of a feasibility study.

In many ways, this work is similar to a career development business plan, and is often performed in conjunction with a career business plan. The main task of the feasibility study is to determine technical capabilities and the economic feasibility of development and obtaining a single, technically sound and most economical field development plan for the next 15-20 years, interconnected in all parts.

At this design stage, the following are considered:

Long-term demand for products;

Field technical capabilities, selection of development sequence;

The volumes and rates of production development to meet the future demand;

Additional volumes of infrastructure, the necessary development of transport, energy supply, water supply and sewerage is determined, housing construction, repair base;

Capital investments, the full cost of the quarry, the number of workers, operating costs and the cost of marketable products are determined

Preliminary master plan.

Preparation of technical specifications for the development of a quarry.

The design assignment specifies:

Business name;

Basis for design;

District and construction site;

Quarry performance;

Business hours;

The main sources of providing the enterprise with raw materials, water, heat and electricity during the periods of operation and construction;

The main technological processes and objects;

The need to develop automated systems;

Terms of construction and commissioning of facilities;

Basic technical and economic indicators;

Requirements for the development of project options;

Staged design.

Conducting a tender for design and survey work.

A design tender is required if the design work is financed by the state or their cost exceeds 5 million rubles. At this stage, the final cost of design and survey work is approved.

Surveys.

Pit design is based on the following surveys:

Geological surveys

Geodetic surveys

Hydrometeorological surveys

Environmental surveys.

When drawing up a contract for conducting surveys, technical characteristics of design objects are drawn up, on the basis of which the degree of detailing of surveys is calculated. The engineering survey report is obliged to undergo state examination before the execution of the open pit project or simultaneously with it.

Obtaining an act of choosing a land plot.

Required to issue a permit to develop a quarry. To obtain an act of choosing a land plot for the construction of a quarry, you must do the following:

Prepare and approve the Decision on the preliminary selection of a land plot

Obtain the right to use a land plot (purchase and sale agreement, lease agreement)

Prepare engineering and geodetic surveys (Plan)

Coordinate the location of the quarry with the municipalities. The preliminary approval of the location is valid for three years.

Make a layout diagram of the land plot on the cadastral map of the territory.

Get a city plan.

Land lease.

Required to issue a permit to develop a quarry.

The lessee of the land plot assumes the obligation upon the end of the lease to bring the land plot into a condition suitable for its further use. Carry out reclamation work on the leased area.

Land tenants must perform the following functions

Use land plots only in accordance with their purpose.

Save survey points and signs

Comply with the requirements of urban planning and other regulations

Prevent pollution, degradation and deterioration of soil fertility

Design work

Project development.

Open pit design begins on the basis of an assignment for the development of design documentation.

Then, after receiving geological materials, engineering surveys, site selection act and other necessary initial data, design begins. The content and composition are determined by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 16.02.2008 No. 87 "On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content."

The quarry project includes:

Quarry description

Determining the boundaries of opencast mining

Determination of the boundary stripping ratio

Calculation of quarries for the stability of the sides of quarries, benches and dumps

Building a geological computer model

Open pit scheme

Open pit development scheme

Selection of equipment for quarrying

Calculation of drilling, blasting and excavation.

In-house transport

Development of technological schemes (opening a pit, stripping works in open pits, mining works in open pits)

Dumping

Power supply for the quarry

Career lighting

Quarry safety

Construction management project (POS quarry)

Open pit reclamation project

Open pit liquidation project

Construction estimate

Presentation of a career for protection in the RCC Nedra

Initial data for design:

Open pit development contract;

A permit for the construction of a quarry (if a technical re-equipment project is being carried out);

Solution for the development of documentation;

Title documents for the object capital construction;

Land plot documentation;

Urban plan of the land plot;

Initial subsoil data (approved reserves of PI);

Initial permitting documentation stipulated by technical and town planning regulations;

Engineering survey documentation;

Engineering and geodetic surveys;

Engineering and geological surveys;

Engineering and environmental surveys;

Engineering and hydrometeorological surveys;

Technical conditions for power supply;

Outlet specifications;

Technical conditions for automobile abutments;

Technical conditions for sewerage sewage;

Technical conditions for civil defense and emergency situations;

Reclamation specifications;

Technical conditions for the treatment of storm water;

Solid waste management contracts;

Coordination of the SES of the place of waste discharge;

Special technical conditions (STU) for the design of highly hazardous, technically complex and unique facilities;

Coordination of deviations from the provisions of technical conditions;

Owner's decision on decommissioning (in case of conservation);

Purchased equipment (customer's proposal);

Equipment certificates;

Technical characteristics of the purchased equipment;

Workforce

Solutions for ABK, service and accommodation for workers

Data on the population of nearby villages for the estimated part

Costs of registration of land allocation documents for the estimate part

Proposal for% of the cost of temporary buildings and structures for the estimated part

Offer for a% winter rise in price, insurance of construction risks and property of builders, commissioning works for the estimated part

Proposal for% of the content of the management staff for the estimated part

Proposal for% of the reserve funds for unforeseen work and costs for the estimated part

Territorial price tags for the estimated part

For each object, the list of initial data is compiled individually.

Designer functions:

Drawing up estimates for design work

List of source data

Preparation of contracts

List of required technical conditions

Development of optimal solutions for given conditions

Development of preliminary decisions and agreement of the main provisions

Development of documentation (quarry calculation)

Participation in the coordination and obtaining conclusions.

Design cost

The cost of designing according to the collection of basic prices:SBC Mining industry

Factors affecting the cost:

Coefficients affecting the cost:

Shock wave action from massive explosions

Aggressiveness of water towards metal and concrete

The presence of confined aquifers

Foothill and mountainous terrain

Stripping ratio

Ore and overburden delivery in several separate streams

The complexity of the geological structure of the field

Field water cut

District coefficient

Development of working documentation.

Working drawings are the final design stage. On their basis, all work is carried out on the construction of internal communications (water conduits, pit drainage, power supply and lighting, transport).

Annual plans for the development of mining operations are prepared separately

Changes to the design documentation for the development of a quarry.

If in the course of construction and operation you are forced to make changes regarding changes in the pit side (expansion, cutting off reserves, increasing the slope angle), then you will have to re-pass the state examination and obtain a new permit for building a pit. Otherwise it will be considered illegal quarrying. Which will entail administrative penalties and fines up to closure.

The decision to send additions and adjustments to the design documentation for state expertise is made by the customer (developer) in accordance with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation (part 15 of article 48; parts 1, 2, 3, 4 of article 49).

Additions to the Design Documentation for the expansion and technical re-equipment of especially dangerous and technically complex capital construction projects (mines, mines, open-pit mines, open pits), which have previously received a positive conclusion of the state examination, are subject to examination for federal level, in case of changing the following basic design solutionsconcerning the reliability and safety of capital construction facilities:

Carrying out new opening capital mine workings (shafts, pits, adits, ramps, cross-holes, etc.), not previously provided for by the project, to develop the underlying horizons in order to maintain the production capacity of the enterprise or increase it;

Application of new development systems, mining complexes (loading and delivery equipment) of higher productivity, previously not provided for by the project;

Development of new sections (sidetracks, wings) with the carrying out of new opening capital mine workings that were not previously provided for by the project;

Changing the order (sequence) of mining a deposit, if it entails a change in the initial design decisions on ventilation, transport, power supply, drainage and other sections of the design documentation.

In other cases, the examination of design documentation related to the expansion and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises is carried out in accordance with the requirements Federal law "On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities" No. 116-FZ

Organization of mine surveying service.

To obtain permission to develop a quarry, an enterprise must have a license to perform mine surveying. Mine surveying is carried out by the mine surveying service, which is part of the mining enterprise conducting exploration and construction of the mining enterprise. The main tasks of the mine surveying service:

Building a backbone

Ground survey

Transferring exploration workings to nature

Removal of exploration and working workings

Drawing up drawings of mining graphic documentation with the volume of work performed

Development of measures for the safe conduct of mining operations near hazardous areas

Observation of rock displacement

Accounting for the movement of industrial stocks, losses and dilution.

The boundaries of the mining lease.

To obtain a license for a quarry, it is necessary to obtain the preliminary boundaries of a mining allotment in agreement with territorial bodies Rostekhnadzor. The preliminary boundaries of a mining allotment may include specific subsoil areas for exploration and geological study of subsoil with associated mining.

Obtaining the right to use subsoil plots for open pit development.

The right to use is granted in the following cases:

Based on the results of the auction for geological exploration

When establishing the fact of the discovery of a mineral deposit, with the exception of exploration work under a state contract

For disposal of radioactive, toxic and other hazardous waste

In order to grant the right to short-term (up to one year) use of a subsoil plot for the implementation of legal entity activities on a subsoil plot, the right to use which has been terminated ahead of schedule

For the purpose of geological study of subsoil

For the extraction of groundwater

For the formation of specially protected geological objects.

The provision of subsoil for use is formalized with a special state permit in the form of a license for the development of a quarry. The license for the development of a quarry is issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment in accordance with the order dated September 29, 2009 No. 315 “On approval of the Administrative Regulations of the Federal Agency for Subsoil Use for the execution state function on the issuance, registration and registration of licenses for the use of subsoil plots ”. Typically, a quarry license is put up for open auction. The winner of the auction receives a license for a period of at least 5 years with the possibility of renewal. The extension is possible if the organization fulfills all the requirements and conditions prescribed in the quarry license.

List of documents required to obtain a license for the development of a quarry:

1. Application for the use of subsoil, which contains the following data

Applicant details;

Copies of constituent and registration documents;

Copies of the certificate of registration with the tax authority;

The name of a mineral resource, deposit or a separate section of the deposit, proposed for development;

Purpose of the use of subsoil: exploration and production of minerals, including the processing of mining waste, the resumption of the old quarry;

Justified need for a mineral for the future;

Quarry performance;

Information about the head of the enterprise;

Information about the previous activities of the enterprise;

Information on the availability of other licenses for the use of subsoil plots.

2. Information about the technical and technological capabilities of the applicant:

Availability technological equipment for the development of quarries, carrying out mining and preparatory work, the production of building materials, the execution of a quarry, etc. In the case of using leased earthmoving equipment for open pit development, the applicant is obliged to provide contracts for the performance of work by a contractor

Availability of qualified workers and specialists entitled to conduct mining operations

3. Data on the financial capabilities of the applicant enterprise

Data on the availability of borrowed funds (loan agreements, loans)

For operating enterprises - a certificate from the tax authorities on the presence (absence) of the applicant's debt on payment of tax payments for the use of subsurface resources (MET);

For operating enterprises - a copy of the balance sheet (forms No. 1 and No. 2 containing information on profits and losses)

4. Copies of documents confirming the ownership of the land plot.

The act of choosing a land plot for subsoil use

Resolution on the approval of the preliminary boundaries of the mining allotment and the provision of land for use

Land ownership certificate

Land lease agreement or other documents certifying the right to use the land

5. Availability of a mine surveying service at the enterprise, a contract for the performance of work by a contractor

6. Topographic plan of the deposit or site provided for use

7. A project for the development of a deposit or subsoil plot, or an agreement for the implementation of design work.

8. Procedure and terms of preparation of projects for liquidation or conservation of mine workings and land reclamation

Issuance of quarry development permits.

After obtaining a license for the development of a quarry, it is necessary to register a quarry under construction with the following authorities:

1. Expertise of the RCC (Rosnedra) - The final stage is obtaining an agreement on the development of the field and accounting for losses of the expertise of the RCC (Rosnedra) and

presentation of the career to the commission;

2. Registration of a quarry as a hazardous production facility in - Rostekhnadzor - annual protection annual plans mining as well as annual defense of a permit for the development of a quarry.

Obtaining a building permit.

The quarry belongs to hazardous production facilities and therefore the project for the construction of a quarry must pass the state construction expertise, with the exception of enterprises for the extraction of common minerals (ORMPI) performed without the use of drilling and blasting operations.

A building permit is obtained after receiving a positive conclusion of the state examination on the developed project documentation.

Reconstruction, modernization and technical re-equipment are also subject to state expertise. For quarries for the development of ORMPI, an industrial safety examination is required. If the quarry is located in a specially protected natural area, then it is required to undergo an environmental examination of Rosprirodnadzor.

Open pit reclamation project

The lands of the worked-out quarries are subject to reclamation in order to lease the leased lands and reduce the impact on the environment.

The open pit reclamation project includes the following tasks:

Economic assessment of the alienated territories

List of works and calculation of volumes and equipment

Organization of the removal and storage of the fertile vegetation layer (PRS)

Determination of the priority of reclamation

Mining and technical reclamation of open pits - flattening of the upper benches of a quarry, leveling the bottom, creating screening layers, applying a fertile soil layer. The open pit reclamation project provides for a fire-prevention passage along the side of the open pit.

Biological reclamation of quarries - bringing vegetation cover. in a state suitable for subsequent use in the national economy.

Open pit liquidation project

In accordance with Articles 20 and 26 of the Law Russian Federation "On Subsoil", enterprises for the extraction of minerals and underground structures not related to production are subject to liquidation or conservation after the expiration of the license for the use of subsoil, in case of early termination of the use of subsoil, as well as on the initiative of the user of the subsoil.

In accordance with Article 26 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil", in the event of complete or partial liquidation or conservation of an enterprise or an underground structure, mine workings and boreholes must be brought into a state that ensures the safety of life and health of the population, protection of the environment, buildings and structures.

A pit liquidation project is carried out after the disposal or conservation of mineral reserves in accordance with the established procedure.

The project defines the terms, methods and sequence of work related to the liquidation of the open pit, and develops technical measures for:

Ensuring the stability of mine workings or their artificial collapse in order to prevent the formation of sinkholes and unacceptable deformations of the earth's surface;

Prevention of pollution of subsoil and water bodies;

Elimination of failures, cracks, fencing of hazardous areas;

Reclamation of disturbed lands;

Prevention of flooding, waterlogging of the earth's surface, violation of the hydrogeological regime of groundwater;

Preventing people and animals from getting into mine workings, sinkholes;

Prevention of damage to buildings, structures, underground and aboveground communications located in the zone of harmful influence of the quarry;

Preservation of geodetic and mine surveying support network;

Prevention of the activation of dangerous geomechanical processes (landslides, landslides, etc.);

Ensuring the safety of work during the abandonment of a quarry.

Together with this work also viewed:

Quarry and trench drainage

Mining and biological reclamation

Security environment

Crushing and screening complexes

Reclamation

Mining allotment

Annual work development plan

Extract

from the conclusion of the state ecological expertise of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus on the architectural project "Expansion of the sand and chalk quarry of the Khotislavskoe deposit in the Malorita district of the Brest region"

The project was developed on the basis of the following documents:

Decisions of the Malorita District Executive Committee "On permission to carry out design and survey work";

The area of \u200b\u200bthe quarry field at the top is 95.4 hectares. The length of the quarry is 1230 m, the width is 835 m. The depth of the quarry along the side ranges from 42.4 to 44.4 m.

It is also planned to use four wells simultaneously as observation points for regional and experimental monitoring networks.

Waste generated during work at the quarry is provided for:

Broken concrete products (0.88 t) - dismantle and reuse;

Other solid mineral waste (20.7 tons) - to be used when constructing a road;

Scrap iron (0.728 tons) - to hand over for processing to enterprises of GO Belvtormet;

Lump waste of clean wood (2271.2 tons) - to sell to interested parties;

Waste from the removal of stumps (76.4 t) - to transfer to special enterprises for processing;

Waste (2.4 tons / year) - take to the existing solid waste landfill;

Overburden and enclosing rocks (2.37 million tons) - to be stored in the places of former peat extraction.

Calculation of dispersion of emissions of pollutants into the air showed that after commissioning of the projected production the level of maximum surface concentrations of pollutants will be: 0.01-0.90 MPC at the border of the sanitary protection zone (the standard size is 100 m); 0.01- 0.78 MPC at the border of the residential zone - during the extraction and transportation of sand and 0.18- 0.86 MPC at the border of the sanitary protection zone; 0.15 - 0.75 MPC at the border of the residential area - during the extraction and transportation of chalk, which corresponds to sanitary standards.

The reclamation of disturbed lands during the development of a quarry is planned to be carried out in two stages:

Technical;

Biological.

The technical stage of reclamation includes a set of works on the preparation of disturbed lands for their subsequent targeted use in the national economy as a reservoir.

The biological stage of reclamation includes a set of agrotechnical measures to strengthen the slopes of the reservoir by sowing grasses.

Having considered the submitted materials, the state ecological expertise of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection agrees architectural project “Expansion of a sand and chalk pit at the Khotislavskoye deposit in the Malorita district of the Brest region in terms of environmental protection.

PRESENTATION OF THE PROJECT "ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ENTERPRISE FOR DEVELOPMENT AND PROCESSING OF CHALK AND LIME ON THE BASIS OF THE DEPRESSIVE SITE OF" TODISA "LLC ON THE TERRITORY OF SHEBEKINSKY DISTRICT" Administration of the Shebekinsky district "In Ex Business Group LLC General director LLC Churaevskoye and K Manaev Vladimir Alekseevich Belgorod, 2014

INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT AREA (DESCRIPTION OF THE SITUATION "AS IS") 2 Volume and dynamics of the lime market Demand for lime by industry

INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT AREA (DESCRIPTION OF THE SITUATION "AS IS") 3 Volume and dynamics of the chalk market Demand for chalk by industry thousand tons (thousand tons)

INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT AREA (DESCRIPTION OF THE SITUATION "AS IS") 4 Existing opportunities: Main characteristics: Total area of \u200b\u200bthe deposit: 12.036 ha Existing infrastructure: road in the open pit (crushed stone cover, length m); connection to a high-voltage line (power 250 kW) Main characteristics: Total area of \u200b\u200badministrative buildings: 875 m 2: laboratory building - 130.8 m 2; warehouse m 2; production building m 2; Total area: 1.5 hectares; Free land area: 300 m 2; Existing infrastructure: connection to a high-voltage line (2 electrical substations with a capacity of 800 kW). Chalk deposit near the village. Churaevo Depressive area in the village. Rzhevka Shebekinsky district (LLC "TODISA")

PURPOSE AND RESULT OF THE PROJECT Purpose of the project: To organize the production of lime and hydrophobic finely dispersed chalk in the amount of at least 100 thousand tons per year in the Shebekinsky region by the beginning of 2016 Way to achieve the goal: Reconstruction of the depressive site of LLC "TODISA" in the village. Rzhevka and integrated development of the chalk deposit in the village. Churaevo, Shebekinsky district Project result: The work of an enterprise for the production of lime and hydrophobic fine chalk with a design capacity of at least 100 thousand tons per year was organized in the village of Rzhevka Shebekinsky district Result requirements: total area industrial premises not less than 875 sq. m: warehouse for finished products with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 300 sq. m; laboratory building with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 130 sq. m; production building with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 340 m 2 put into operation: technological line for preliminary coarse crushing of chalk with a capacity of 60 tons per hour; chalk drying section with a capacity of 100 thousand tons per year; receiving bunker with a capacity of 100 thousand tons per year; range of products: the volume of lime production (slaked, quicklime, ground with mineral additives) - 100 thousand tons per year; chalk production volume (grade M5, M60, M90, M90T, MTD-1, MTD-2) - 100 thousand tons per year. production 5

INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT AREA (DESCRIPTION OF THE SITUATION “HOW IT WILL BE”) The range of products Lime: quicklime lump; ground with mineral additives; extinguished. Available in 30 kg paper and plastic bags. and 2 - 5 kg. Chalk: M5; M 60; M 90; Available in 25 kg paper and polyethylene bags. M90T; MTD-2; MTD-1 6

INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT AREA (DESCRIPTION OF THE SITUATION "HOW IT WILL BE") 8 Forecast of lime consumption in the territory of the Russian Federation by 2016 the amount of lime consumed russian production, will amount to about 13.1 million tons. the volume of lime produced by the enterprise will amount to 100 thousand tons per year. Main competitors: CJSC Eletskiy Lime Plant, thousand tons per year; JSC "Uglovsky lime plant" thousand tons per year; CJSC "Klintsovsky Silicate Plant" - 84 thousand tons per year

INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT AREA (DESCRIPTION OF THE SITUATION "HOW IT WILL BE") 9 Forecast of consumption of finely dispersed chalk on the territory of the Russian Federation by 2016 The volume of consumption of fine chalk in Russia on the commodity market will amount to 551 thousand tons; the volume of chalk produced by the enterprise will amount to 100 thousand tons per year the share of the segment of hydrophobic finely dispersed chalk on the product market will remain at the level of 8.5 - 10%. Main competitors: CJSC Ruslaym, thousand tons per year; OJSC Melstrom thousand tons per year; LLC Polygonservice - 62 thousand tons per year; OJSC "Shebekinsky chalk plant" - 62 thousand tons per year

INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT AREA (DESCRIPTION OF THE SITUATION "HOW IT WILL BE") 10 Production of chalk and lime in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2014 Production of chalk and lime in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2016 Belgorod region: JSC Mel Strom JSC Polygon Service JSC Shebekinsky chalk plant "CJSC" Ruslaym "OJSC" Stroimaterialy "Main manufacturers in the Russian Federation: Ulyanovsk region: LLC" Silicat "CJSC" Silicatech "LLC" Shilovsky " Voronezh region: CJSC "Kopanischensky Combine of Building Materials"

MAIN UNITS OF PROJECT WORKS Name D-th, days. Beginning Opening IIIIXIIIIIIIX 1 Extension of the license for the extraction of chalk Prolongation of the lease agreement for the land plot Obtaining certificates of ownership of the production complex Development and examination of design and estimate documentation Development of the technological line project and preparation of estimate documentation Construction and installation work: installation of utilities at the site renovation of the administrative building cap. repair of the laboratory building cap. repair of a finished product warehouse construction of a chalk and lime processing workshop Construction of an access road Construction and installation of engineering communications power supply water supply (restoration of an existing water conduit) gas supply Purchase and installation of equipment Improvement performance Commissioning and personnel training Production and delivery of the first batch of products in the amount of 30 thousand rubles tons Organization and testing of finished products (chalk, lime) Certification of finished products (chalk, lime) TOTAL

PROJECT BUDGET Name Project budget, thousand rubles Budgetary sources Extra-budgetary sources Fet.obl.places. household funds. subject etc. 1 Registration of a license for the development of a chalk deposit Prolongation of a lease agreement for a land plot 0 3 Obtaining certificates of ownership of an industrial complex Development and examination of design and estimate documentation Implementation of construction and installation work: Construction and installation of utilities power supply water supply (restoration of an existing water pipeline) gas supply Construction of an access road Implementation of improvement Project development technological line and preparation of cost estimates Purchase and installation of equipment Commissioning and recruitment and training of personnel Release and supply of the first batch of products in the amount of 30 thousand tons Organization and testing Certification of finished products 600 TOTAL

PARTICIPATION OF BUDGETS IN THE PROJECT 13 Form of participation Amount of budget participation, thousand rubles. Federal Regional Local Direct budgetary financing - Infrastructure: Roads State program “Improvement and development transport system and the road network of the Belgorod region for years ”m Electricity - Gas supply - Water supply - Subsidies Security Guarantees Pledges Other forms of participation TOTAL: Land plot: Shebekinsky district, chalk quarry near the village. Churaevo, area 12.036 hectares

INDICATORS OF SOCIAL, BUDGETARY AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE PROJECT 1Social efficiency 1.1 Coverage of the population with social benefits for the period of the project Thous. people 1.2 New jobs Unit Average salary Thous. rub Monthly FOT mln. rub. 3.37 1.5 Annual pay mln. rub. 40.47 2 Budgetary efficiency 2.1 Participation of budgetary sources in the project mln. rubles - 2.2 Taxes to the consolidated budget of the region Mln. rub. 40.73 2.3Tax per employee to the consolidated budget of the region Mln. rub. 0.55 2.4 Target output per employee mln. rubles 7.11 2.5 Payback period of budget investments Years - 2.6 Reduction of possible damage Mln. rubles - 2.7 Budget savings Mln. rubles - 3 Economic efficiency 3.1 Annual revenue * mln. rub. 641.9 3.2 Annual profit * mln. rubles Profitability *% Payback period of the project Years 1 3.5 The volume of investments in fixed assets within the project Mln. rub. 90.5 3.6Volume of investments in the region Mln. rub. 81.2 * after an economic entity reaches its design capacity

PROJECT TEAM FULL NAME Position and main place of work Work performed in the project 1. Galich Vyacheslav Viktorovich First Deputy Head of the Shebekinsky District Administration Project curator 2. Manaev Vladimir Alekseevich General Director of Churaevskoye and K LLC Project manager, responsible for the preparation of the contract and tender documents, responsible for preparation of the technological line project, supply and commissioning of equipment, testing and certification of finished products 3. Makarenko Marina Aleksandrovna Chairman of the Economic Development Committee of the Shebekinsky District Administration Project Administrator 4. Kurilova Anna Vyacheslavovna Senior Project Management Administrator of the Organization Department project management Committee for Economic Development of the Shebekinsky District Administration Project monitoring operator 5. Vacancy Responsible for organizing the construction of access roads to the industrial site 6. Kalashnikov Aleksandr Nikolaevich Foreman of Churaevskoye and K LLC Responsible for construction and installation works, power supply, water supply and gasification of the production site, extension of the land lease agreement plot 15

CONTACT DETAILS: 16 Project manager: Manaev Vladimir Alekseevich telephone: 8 (47248), Project administrator Makarenko Marina Aleksandrovna telephone: 8 (47248),

The Elite Stroy-VNV company has many years of experience, occupies a leading position in the mining market, implements projects of any complexity, is a multifunctional company and a reliable partner for your business. The main activity of our company is the development of quarries for the extraction of clay and sand.

Open pit mining of minerals and nonmetallic materials is by far the most common for a number of reasons. The main one is the low cost of the open-pit mining method. Quarrying is a complex process that requires the contractor to have extensive experience in carrying out such work, to have its own fleet of trucks and special equipment, qualified personnel, both workers and engineering specialties. We fully comply with all these requirements.

Open pit development begins with a set of preparatory work. At this stage, it is necessary to collect and analyze information about geological characteristics object: properties of the base rock, location of aquifers, etc. Based on the collected data, a pit design is being developed, which includes information about its maximum design depth, the angles of the side slopes, the height of the benches and many other nuances. The quarry plan is approved by Gosgortekhnadzor. After the plan is drawn up and all the necessary permits have been obtained, work begins on the ground.

Clay quarrying

Clay is usually mined from the ground in places where rivers once passed. It is a product of the earth's crust and sedimentary rock washed out and formed due to the destruction of rocks during the process of weathering. Clay occurrence is monotonous and selective.

Before the extraction of clay, a survey is carried out both of the quarry itself and the foundation of clay warehouses. Mine surveyors also mark the boundaries of land and mining allotments, where mining will take place and access roads will be formed in the future.

Clay is mined using excavators. To extract clay, it is necessary to remove the PRS (soil-vegetation layer) with excavators or bulldozers, fold it into a separate herd for subsequent reclamation of the worked-out area in the quarry.

The next stage of work is stripping - removal of sand, gravel and other impurities. The overburden is removed to keep the mineral (clay) cleaner.

The overburden by dump trucks is taken to the dumps or also rolled up for subsequent reclamation.

After the overburden and preparatory work has been carried out, namely, the access roads to the deposit, the roads for the transportation of clay and overburden, as well as the preparation of sites for clay storage (cone), the mining process begins. Excavators remove the clay layer by layer so that it can be rolled on a cone, and load it into dump trucks for further transportation to the warehouse. At the warehouse, it is taken by a bulldozer or vibratory roller and then rolled into a cone.

The extraction of clay in the mining area ends when sand or gravel begins to appear under the clay. After that, the complex moves to another prepared site. In this sequence, clay is mined.

It is important to know that in unlit quarries, as well as in clay warehouses, work at night is prohibited!

Clay quarries, as a rule, are flooded, therefore it is necessary to use motor pumps for pumping water, as well as to ditch the quarry with drainage ditches, otherwise the flooding of the mineral and the loss of significant amounts of clay may follow!

Production does not stop in winter. To prevent freezing of the soil, the quarries are insulated with sawdust, peat and other materials with a low level of thermal conductivity. Sometimes the thickness of the insulation reaches 70 cm. The transported clay is covered with a tarpaulin so that it does not freeze during delivery to the place of production. In the closed quarries of the northern regions, where the land is seriously frozen in winter, greenhouses are equipped - closed-type structures with equipped heating devices.

As an example, we can consider the equipment involved for the development of a 6 hectare site with a capacity of 90,000 m3 of clay and 200,000 m3 of overburden for a period of 7 months of open pit operation.

The process included the following pieces of equipment: 2 excavators with a bucket volume of 1.8 m3, 4 articulated dump trucks with a lifting capacity of 30 tons, as well as 2 bulldozers weighing 25 tons each on a shoulder up to 400 m.

At the end of mining operations, reclamation is carried out in the quarry, which includes backfilling of the worked-out areas with overburden and spreading of the soil-vegetation layer. Reclamation can be done both with bulldozers and excavators, if your shoulders allow.

Sand quarrying

Sand is one of the most demanded materials in any construction, and the most common way to extract it is by quarrying. Excavators, scrapers, aerial ropeways and other equipment are used to develop sand pits.

The first stage in the development of a sand pit is stripping operations, during which various impurities are prevented from entering the sand. Further, trenches for working benches are laid and transport routes are organized. To effectively carry out these works, we have an extensive own fleet of bulldozers Komatsu, CAT, ChTZ, Shantui and other brands. After all the preparatory work is completed, you can start mining and transporting sand.

We use our own caterpillar and wheeled excavators of the brands CAT, JCV, Hitachi, John Deere and Hyunday to carry out work on the direct development of the quarry. The models presented in our fleet show excellent performance and are able to perform a large amount of work in a short time. Any necessary attachments are also owned by the company.

Limestone quarrying

Limestone is a rock-sedimentary rock of organic or chemogenic origin. Limestone is one of the most popular building materials and is widely used for the production of quicklime and crushed limestone.

Limestone is usually mined by quarrying. Along the strike of carbonate strata, benches with a height of 10 - 15 m are cut and drilling and blasting operations are performed. The extraction of raw materials, as well as the removal of the upper sediment rocks (stripping operations), are carried out by excavators. The resulting mass is removed from the quarry by trucks.

Front-end and telescopic loaders of JCB, XCMG and other brands are used for loading soil and mined rock. All models available in the fleet of Elite Stroy-VNV are distinguished by their maneuverability, high speed of movement, large bucket capacity and have repeatedly proved their effectiveness in quarrying conditions. For the transportation of soil and mined rock the company "Elite Stroy-VNV" has its own fleet of dump trucks of large capacity and increased cross-country ability.

Development of peat quarries

Peat quarries are shallow and shallow open-pit mines. Preparation for the development of the deposit consists in the removal of the surface vegetation layer with uprooting of stumps, drainage of the site, preparation of fields for drying peat, construction of roads and bridges through drainage canals. When working on swampy soil, special all-terrain machines with low specific ground pressure are used.

Peat excavators excavate peat to a depth of 5 meters. After that, the peat goes to the press for processing, pressed in the form of a tape and must be dried naturally (the cut belts are laid out on the fields for drying). The width of the development depends on the size of the bog where peat is mined.

Diorite quarrying

Diorites are igneous rocks. As building material diorite is widely used for making crushed stone, as well as facing buildings, making pedestals, vases, countertops, etc. Diorite is a durable and heavy material and by its own mechanical properties close to granite.

Quarrying for the extraction of fluorite

Fluorite is a mineral found mainly in hydrothermal ore veins, dolomites and limestones. This material is widely used in metallurgy (as flux), in the chemical industry and ceramic production. It is mined, among other things, by open-pit mining in the composition of fluorite and complex ores.

"Elite Stroy-VNV" is your reliable partner

In the company "Elite Stroy-VNV" you can order a complex of services for the development of a turnkey quarry. All equipment is supplied with experienced and highly qualified machinists trained and instructed in safety. We have our own service base for prompt repair of special equipment and trucks.

Our experience and material and technical base allow us to successfully cope with work on the development of quarries of any size and complexity.

In this article:

Sand is one of the most demanded building materials. Since people use it in economic and construction activities. But, despite the fact that the sand literally lies under our feet, the extraction of this mineral in industrial volumes is not an easy task that requires knowledge of technology and enormous financial investments... Therefore, next we will consider how to organize an enterprise for the extraction and production of sand?

How to arrange sand mining?

For sand extraction activities to be legal, it is necessary to open a quarry and register an enterprise.

It is better to register an enterprise as an LLC on a simplified taxation system. Next, you need to obtain the right to use the quarry and issue a license.

Such a license is valid for 5 years, but then it can be renewed.

In the process of legalizing a business, you may need the following oKVED codes and regulatory documents:

• 14.21 - "Development of sand and gravel quarries";
• 14.22 - "Extraction of kaolin and clay".
• GOST 8736-93 - “Building sand. TU ";
• GOST 4417-75 - "Quartz sand for welding".

Sand extraction technology

The choice of sand extraction technology depends on the origin of the building material - quarry, sea or river. Sand extraction can be carried out by the following methods:

• open,
• closed.

Open pit sand mining

Open pit mining of sand is more common. This technology uses scrapers, dump trucks, excavators, overhead cable cars and other equipment. Deposits of nonmetallic minerals are usually hidden under layers of soil and clayey rocks. They are called overburden.

Before mining the sand, scrapers and bulldozers perform stripping operations. This prevents various impurities from entering the sand. The ratio of the volume of the rock layer to the total volume of minerals is called the stripping ratio. The next operation is trenching for working benches and transport routes. The height of the ledge is determined technical characteristics excavator.

Usually, a single bucket or multi-bucket excavator is used for sand extraction. The bucket volume of this special equipment varies from 0.25 to 15 m 3.

The sand that is mined by this method is usually yellow-orange and not the best in its properties. Therefore, in the future, it is cleaned, after which the material can be used in the preparation of plaster and masonry mortars, in the production of bricks.

Closed (hydromechanized) sand extraction technology

Extraction of sand from the bottom of reservoirs is carried out in a hydro-mechanized way. For the development of underwater fields, dredgers or floating installations are used. They look like a pontoon that is fixed and moved with the help of anchors, cables and piling devices. This equipment houses a dredger - the most powerful pump... A mechanical ripper and a suction dredger are lowered to the bottom of the reservoir. These devices work together, and the loosened sand is sucked into the pipe and then, in the form of a slurry, moves along a floating slurry pipeline, which consists of pipe links and floats.

Finally, the slurry (a mixture of sand and water) is placed in a dump, from where the water flows back into the reservoir. Simultaneously with this operation, the mineral is washed from clay and dust impurities.

Quarry and Sand Mining Business Plan

Objective of the project - extraction of different-grained quartz sand from a deposit (quarry) and its sale on the territory of the Russian Federation.

It is planned that the development of deposits at the enterprise will be carried out in an open way. Favorable mining and geological conditions allow stripping operations to be carried out simultaneously with the extraction of minerals. The average height of the benches for a quartz sand deposit is 5 meters - 1 bench, and the maximum slope angle is 35-40 °.

In quartz sand deposits, water can be cut at a depth of about 8 meters. The flow rate of water is not significant, in which all work can be carried out without pumping. Sand extraction capital costs

Equipment purchase costs

1. Hyundai R220LC-9S excavator (made in Korea).

Specifications:

• power - 194 kW / 263 hp;
• bucket volume - 1.43 m 3;
• digging depth - 6 440 mm.

The price of the excavator is 5,744,681 rubles.

2. Loader "SEM 639 B", 1.7 m 3.

• Bucket volume - 3.0 m 3;
• Engine power - 162/220 kW / h.p .;

The price of the loader is 1,468,085 rubles.

3. Dump truck KrAZ - 6510.

Specifications:

• Carrying capacity - 18,000 kg;
• The volume of the platform is 12 m 3.

The price of a car is 2 648 936 rubles.

4. Insulated trailer. Price - 478,723 rubles.

5. Walkie-talkies. Price - 24 468 rubles.

6. Fire shield. Price - 8 511 rubles.

7. Tanks 200 liters for fuel. Price - 28,723 rubles;

8. Oil tank 200 liters. Price - 9 574 rubles;

9. Heater with diesel fuel. Price - 4,255 rubles;

10. Gas stove. Price - 7 447 rubles;

11. Gas bottle. Price - 3,191 rubles;

12. Drinking tanks. Price - 5,106 rubles;

13. Diesel generator for the trailer. Price - 350,000 rubles;

14. Tables. Price - 4,255 rubles;

15. Chairs. Price - 2,128 rubles;

16. Refrigerator. Price - 5 318 rubles.

Total capital expenditures: - 10,799,401 rubles.

The cost of renting equipment from Europe for the transportation of goods (per year):

• Volvo tractor (7 units). Price - 24 592 340 rubles;
• Tipper semi-trailer "Schwarzmuller" (7 pcs.).

Specifications:

• Payload - 33 tons;
• Own weight - 9.2 tons.

Price - 10 876 882 rubles;

Installation of waterworks (7 pcs.) - 1,000,851 rubles;

Customs operations - 2 861 150 rubles;

Delivery costs - 1,340,425 rubles.

Total: 40 671 648 rubles.

Salary costs for production personnel at a mineral deposit

Foreman (1 person) - monthly salary - 31,915 rubles; per year - 382 980 rubles.

Excavator (2 people) - monthly salary - 80,064 rubles; per year - 960 768 rubles;

Loader driver (1 person) - monthly salary - 30,532 rubles; per year - 366 384 rubles.

KrAZ driver (1 person) - monthly salary - 42 553 rubles; per year - 510 636 rubles.

Meter (1 person) - monthly salary - 20,766 rubles; per year - 249 192 rubles.

Watchman (2 people) - monthly salary - 34,021 rubles; per year - 408,252 rubles.

Cook (1 person) - monthly salary - 20,766 rubles; per year - 249 192 rubles.

Total fund wages per year will be - 3 127 404 rubles

Open pit development costs

Fire extinguisher (3 pcs.) - 4 468 rubles;

Refueling a gas cylinder - 5,957 rubles;

Construction helmets (3 pcs.) - 2,553 rubles;

Golitsy (10 pairs) - 1064 rubles;

Raincoats (3 pcs.) - 2 872 rubles;

Construction shovels (5 pcs.) - 1,277 rubles;

Lantern for a trailer (1 pc.) - 2,128 rubles;

Overalls and footwear for 5 people - 53,191 rubles;

Ax (2 pcs.) - 1 702 rubles;

Hammers (3 pcs.) - 702 rubles;

Sledgehammer (3 pcs.) - 3,191 rubles;

Tongs (3 pcs.) - 638 rubles;

Screwdrivers (3 sets) - 2,128 rubles.

Wrenches (3 sets) - 15,957 rubles;

Pliers (5 pcs.) - 532 rubles;

Carriers (3 pcs.) - 511 rubles;

Dog (2 pcs.) - 6 383 rubles.

Total: 105,254 rubles.

Calculation of the cost of food for workers in the quarry

The cost of 1 lunch is 117 rubles;

Number of workers - 9 workers;

The cost of lunch per month is 22,117 rubles;

The cost of lunch per year is 265,404 rubles.

Other costs

The cost of feeding 2 dogs per year will amount to 61,277 rubles.

Rent costs (per year): a house in a village near a quarry - 76,595 rubles;

Waste disposal machine - 12,766 rubles;

Total: 89 361 rubles.

Advertising costs

• Rent of billboards (3 pcs.) - 38,298 rubles;
• Advertising in the newspaper - 5,106 rubles;
• Radio advertising - 10,638 rubles;

Total costs per month - 54,042 rubles;

Total per year - 108,084 rubles.

Indirect costs

• Diesel fuel consumption for the maintenance of the fleet of special equipment - 17 liters per year. The average cost of diesel fuel is 30 rubles / liter;
• Consumption of lubricants for operation auxiliary equipment - 3 thousand liters per year. The price of lubricants is 22 rubles / liter;
• Equipment utilization rate - 0.2;

Total expenses for fuels and lubricants will be: (17,000 * 30 + 3000 * 22) * 0.2 \u003d 115,200 rubles.

Sand mining tax deduction costs

For the period from 01.01.2013 to 31.12.2013, the rate for sand extraction is 5.5%.

The total cost of paying the tax will be: 0.055 * 77 750 000 \u003d 4 276 250 rubles.

Total costs for the extraction of sand are: 48 819 882 rubles.

Revenue

Annual production of quartz sand:

• Fine-grained sand - 60,000 m 3;
• Medium-grained sand - 70,000 m 3;
• Coarse sand (screening) - 80,000 m 3;
• Sand of increased size - 45,000 m 3.

The revenue for the year will be:

• From the sale of fine-grained sand (Price - 150 rubles / m 3): 60,000 * 150 \u003d 9,000,000 rubles.
• From the sale of medium-grained sand (Price - 300 rubles / m 3): 70,000 * 300 \u003d 21,000,000 rubles;
• From the sale of coarse sand (Price - 400 rubles / m 3): 80,000 * 400 \u003d 32,000,000 rubles;
• From the sale of sand of increased size (Price - 350 rubles / m 3): 45,000 * 350 \u003d 15,750,000 rubles.