Business plan for breeding Romanov sheep. The nuances of leaving and increasing the livestock. Sheep care: some important rules

On our website you will find a wide variety of home business ideas, which will help you navigate what is now popular, in demand and what infusions are needed to engage in this or that type of activity. A business plan for breeding sheep is relevant not only for people with huge capital (buying animals is very expensive), but also for start-up entrepreneurs living in countryside, under such conditions, you can easily buy a couple of dozen sheep, go out and sell them at a higher price, you will only need labor costs and a minimum of money for food and arrangement of the premises, after which you will only receive profit.

As it grows, find required personnel and you can automate the work, getting rid of things yourself, without any problems, but at the initial stage it is worthwhile to do everything personally, or at least take an interest in matters in order to get the work done as efficiently as possible.

Sheep breeding is a very ancient occupation, until today people eat sheep meat, use wool to create fabrics and clothes, and also produce various products from the milk of these animals. All this needs to be grown and supplied by someone, so why not you?

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When drawing up a business plan for sheep breeding, one should also take into account the breed of animals, there are "meat" ones, known for their taste properties and the amount of "valuable substance", and there are also "woolen" ones, but in our case they are useless, in Russia, sheep wool is rarely in demand and is bought up it is very cheap, while in cultivation it is only a little cheaper than meat, we sell it only because it is used as an “additional material”, and money is never superfluous, even if it is small.

Business plan for raising sheep - where to raise and what to feed

Since you start similar business with one goal - to earn more, then you need to build on this. Breeding sheep, with the right approach, can bring great profits, but this requires a responsible approach to this matter. The most expensive in sheep is meat, wool is also valued, but its quantity and cost, in comparison with meat, is ridiculous, so it is better to choose the “meat” breed. One of the most popular are the "Romanov" sheep, first of all - they grow well, and in addition to this, their meat has excellent taste, but this is not the only option, there are also popular breeds, such as the Russian long-haired.

The main place worth buying is a pasture - sheep walk on it, and there should also be a corral / stall in which animals will be in winter or in bad weather, and this, as all residents of the post-Soviet space know, happens quite often here. The ideal option would be to buy a pasture with an already built farm or paddock, even if its condition “wants the best,” which is much more practical than building from scratch, and in the end it turns out cheaper. How much space is needed - it is definitely worth bringing in a business plan for breeding sheep, for each individual with subsequent offspring takes about 1 hectare per year.

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The room itself, thank God, does not have special requirements, the sheep easily tolerate the cold, so it is not worth insulating the corral if it is too cold - you will have to slightly sink the stove-stove, the animals will be more than enough. As you can see, there is nothing "secret" or unusual in keeping and raising sheep.

We move smoothly to nutrition and maintenance - in the summer and in the rest of the "warm" seasons, pastures serve as the main feeding trough, where the sheep walk, eat and generally spend most of the day, they are already sleeping in the pen and recuperating, but in winter there is no grass on the pastures , and they need to eat, so the food should be prepared in advance.

The best solution would be hay, but not rough-stemmed hay, they can't stand it, we need one that is made from legumes and cereals. It is worthwhile to agree in advance with those who have such "wealth", or offer their services in collecting hay in order to minimize the cost. Otherwise, it will be possible to buy food in the winter, when the price for it rises. But hay is not the only option, the diet of animals for better growth should be diversified even in the warm season, when there is a lot of grass, barley, oats and other similar crops will do. As you can see, a business plan for raising sheep is quite simple and understandable even for a beginner, but we have not yet talked about the organization of work.

For feeding, walking and all other procedures, and most importantly - checking the health of animals, personnel are needed, on average, about 3 positions will be enough for such a number of sheep, a shepherd, a milkmaid and a veterinarian - they should always be there and carry out their duties with full responsibility , one more person can be called "from time to time", meaning a haircutter, since there is no permanent job for him, keeping such a position is simply unprofitable.

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Costs and incomes from the implementation of a business plan for sheep breeding

Most people start doing business or some kind of business, because they see money there, of course, there are often situations when a person simply does what he loves, puts his soul into it and is a leader, while making good money on this, but this does not occur everywhere and certainly does not apply to sheep breeding. How would it seem to you, from the consumer's side, this business is super profitable, in fact everything is modest here, the profitability at the level of 15-20% does not look exciting, but there are not so many risks (if there is where to sell the fruits of production), therefore, the income is small, but stable, which will be much more acceptable for many beginners.

If your turnover is large, then the 15-20% that you will receive in the end will turn into a significant amount, of course, without a large start-up capital to start big businessbuying a few hundred sheep will not work, however, over time, when things go up the hill, the sheep breeding business can become very profitable. In principle, this is not even a minus, since a person who has not previously "worked" in this area most likely will not be able to cope with a huge livestock, and some of the nuances are clarified only after direct work. Consider the initial stage, which brings the maximum problems and the minimum profit, as training before the fight, which will not be so difficult, because you will gain experience and will be able to manage the economy as efficiently as possible.

Here is an approximate business plan for breeding sheep, from which you can build on at the start, of course, all prices are approximate and can vary greatly in one direction or the other, depending on your place of residence, selected materials and cost work force... We count on the basis of the "average cost" in the market - this will help determine the order of numbers (how much income, expenses and what they will be spent on).

So, let's say we want to get down to business at once seriously and are ready to purchase about 300 sheep, today the cost of one individual with a wholesale purchase is about 3-4 thousand rubles, in total it comes out about 1,000,000 rubles. To create and decorate the premises, you will need another 100,000 rubles, plus you should not forget about the pasture, where the sheep will "feed" meat and generally stay most of the time (subject to the warm season), it also costs about 80 - 100 thousand rubles (annual rental price). The employees, who will be about 4-5 people, will have to pay another ~ 600,000 rubles per year, the total is 1.8-2 million rubles, which is not so much for such a number of animals and volumes.

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Now let's talk about the most interesting and burning thing - income from the sale of goods. Oddly enough, but wool brings the least amount of money, in a year from 300 sheep it will be possible to "collect" it in the amount of about 100 thousand rubles, most of all it brings sheep meat, which is valued in the market for its beneficial features, as well as the sale of animals in whole - for 100 pieces you will receive (in both cases) about 500,000 rubles, in total from the sale of 200 sheep we will receive a little over a million rubles. If there is an opportunity to negotiate directly with the distributors (there are acquaintances who sell meat, etc.), then the income will be even higher, although the sale period will be delayed, but in some cases it is worth it!

The sales market has now become smaller, but the demand for skins and wool is still there, and it will never disappear, meat is considered the most valuable for these animals, focus on the "growth" thereof, so that the weight of each carcass is maximum, thus it will be possible make good money. Other "by-products" like sheep's milk and cheese made from it are even more difficult to sell, since such dairy products are not suitable for everyone (specific smell, taste) and there are few buyers of such goods even in big cities.

Breeding of small ruminants (SMC) today is gaining more and more popularity. Sheep breeding as a business for a novice farmer deserves special attention, since this market niche is not yet fully occupied. Thus, the demand for mutton remains high to this day. How to start your own business correctly, what is needed for this, and whether it will be profitable, we analyze below.

The Relevance of the Sheep Breeding Business

Raising sheep as a business can become quite profitable if a private entrepreneur finds a point of sale for the livestock. These can be slaughterhouses or private farms. In general, the relevance of sheep breeding is based on the fact that keeping such livestock in Russia is less widespread today than breeding cows and pigs. At the same time, the demand for sheep meat is quite high, especially if we consider restaurants, meat processing plants and chain supermarkets as potential buyers.

Do not ignore the possibility of the subsequent sale of sheep wool. It is well bought by enterprises engaged in the manufacture of products from sheep's wool. And although the demand for this type of product is not particularly great, the sale of wool remains relevant when breeding sheep.

Large financial investments at the initial stage of business development are not required. So, if the livestock will be bred in order to obtain a tribe and its further sale, then the costs are generally minimal. Sheep are pasture animals, and if they require investments in the purchase of feed, then only in the winter. As for the breeding of sheep for meat, here the relevance of the business is high, and the costs will be only for the purchase of slaughter equipment and the livestock itself.

Important: starting a sheep breeding business, you should immediately decide on its purpose - the sale of meat or the breeding of young animals.

The benefits of sheep breeding

Raising sheep for meat as a business has many advantages. The most basic:

• High demand for mutton, especially in big cities. At the same time, there is no seasonality.
• Ease of keeping sheep. Here we are talking about the unpretentiousness of animals to food and living conditions.
• Minimum start-up investment in business development.
• Low costs in the process of keeping animals.
• Low competition in this niche of private business.
• Possibility to participate in a credit program for the development of agriculture.

Business plan composition

Before starting your own agricultural business, in order to avoid flaws and miscalculations, it is worth drawing up a business plan for raising sheep. The estimate should include the following columns of expenses:

• execution of all necessary documents;
• purchase or lease of a land plot for keeping sheep and pasture;
• purchase of livestock;
• purchase of the necessary equipment;
• workers' wages.

In addition, the business plan must necessarily contain information about the expected distribution channels of products and the estimated income of the enterprise.

Financial plan

About financial plan for the content of 200 heads of sheep will look like this:

• lease of pasture and land for livestock maintenance - 100-120 thousand rubles.;
• purchase of livestock - 400 thousand rubles;
• construction of a house for livestock - 55 thousand rubles.;
• purchase of feed for the winter - 35-40 thousand rubles.;
• staff salary per year - 200 thousand rubles (provided that all types of activities are performed on their own, this column is halved);
• unexpected expenses - 55 thousand rubles.

Total: 870 thousand rubles.

The expected profit from agricultural activities will look something like this:

• income from the sale of mutton - 300-350 thousand rubles.;
• income from the sale of young animals - 200 thousand rubles (4–5 thousand rubles per head);
• income from the sale of sheep wool - 50 thousand rubles.

Important: when breeding beef sheep, taking into account the competent management of the economy, the initial investment in the business will pay off in 2-3 years.

Business registration

When breeding sheep, it is imperative to register a private business. You can register both individual entrepreneurs and peasant farms. To register, you need to prepare the following documents:

• power of attorney for the MFC;
• application for registration of individual entrepreneurs or households;
• enterprise owner's passport (copy and original);
• document on registration of the place of residence of the owner of the enterprise;
• permission from SES;
• receipt of payment of the required state duty.

Search and rent of land for farm and pasture

The optimal regions for breeding and keeping sheep in Russia are the Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories, as well as the Caucasus and Kalmykia. Moderately hot and sunny climate with moderate cold creates ideal conditions for keeping a sheepfold. It should be emphasized that in these regions pastures have a long season of flowering and grass growth, which allows you to easily harvest animal feed for the winter. In other regions, preparing food for the winter and grazing sheep in the cold season can become problematic.

When choosing a pasture area, it is worth considering that one sheep with its offspring requires about 1 hectare of land per year. It is important to take into account that the further north the acquired or leased plot is located, the more expensive the maintenance and breeding of livestock will be.

Important: finance for rent or purchase of land for maintenance farms you can get one of the convenient lending programs that are offered today at low interest rates by many banks in Russia.

Equipment for clipping, milking, slaughtering

In addition to a corral for livestock, which may not be too warm, but must be protected from drafts and predators, you will have to purchase special equipment for further harvesting of products. So, depending on the purpose of the enterprise (if it is planned to slaughter a sheep), you will need to purchase the following:

1. Potbelly stove for heating a corral in severe frosts.
2. Ear tags for marking livestock.
3. Milking equipment of manual or automatic type, depending on the number of livestock.
4. Devices for the correct assessment of the quality and quantity of sheep's milk.
5. Bowls for solutions for washing sheep's udders.
6. Tanks and teats for feeding young animals.
7. Special manual or automatic equipment for shearing cattle (clippers or scissors).
8. Brushes and scrapers for the care of animal hair.
9. A device for stunning livestock before slaughter or a stunning block.
10. Centrifugal cleaner for processing wool / slimy offal.
11. Slitter machine for crushing mucous membranes.
12. Special knives for carcass cutting.
13. Equipment for storage of finished carcasses and meat.
14. Auto for transportation of finished meat products.

Important: all equipment is purchased according to the needs of the farm and can be purchased over time as the livestock grows.

Selection of workers

Depending on the number of sheep in the flock, it is necessary to hire additional workers... Although with livestock 100-150 sheep one person can handle it. In general for the flock of 250 heads such workers will be required:

• shepherd / sheep breeder (if necessary, and an assistant for him);
• milkmaid or milkmaid;
• veterinarian;
• sheep shearing worker;
• butcher.

Important: an experienced worker can handle grazing, shearing and dressing livestock alone. In this case, the costs of payment wages will be significantly reduced.

What breed of sheep to choose?

The choice of sheep breed should be approached very competently. The fact is that some of them are especially good for breeding livestock for meat, and some are suitable only for obtaining milk and wool. Experienced farmers recommend paying attention to the following sheep breeds:

• Romanovskaya. Due to the very thick coat, the breed can be kept at low temperatures in an unheated room. At the same time, the increase in meat in such sheep is significant even with a modest diet. In 4 months, on average, a young lamb gains 50 % from the original mass. In addition, Romanov sheep are highly fertile. Also, the meat breeds of sheep include the Barbados black-bellied, zwartbles, texel and suffolk.
• A fat tail sheep. These animals are especially good for the rapid growth of livestock, since females are well-developed fertility. Rams are often used for meat. The percentage of meat in this breed of sheep is 60 –65 % .
• Edilbaevskaya sheep. The breed is classified as meat-greasy. The sheep is characterized by fast growth and good milk production. In about three months, a young ram can reach weight 190 kg.
• Hissar sheep. Brought from Uzbekistan. Such an Uzbek sheep is meat and greasy. Breeding of the Uzbek sheep is popular in Russia today.
• Katum sheep. It has a smooth coat and is bred solely for the purpose of obtaining meat.

Selecting and buying animals

The purchase of livestock is an important point in organizing a business. You only need to buy animals from a trusted supplier with a good reputation in the market. You can rely on both personal recommendations from already experienced farmers and reviews on the network. They mainly buy sheep from private farms in regions close to the future farm. This will reduce the cost of transporting livestock.

When buying a livestock, it is important to pay attention to the quality of the animal's coat, its behavior and age. Healthy and active young animals, as a rule, have a thick coat of even color, are mobile and active.

Tip: when buying livestock, you can use the service of your own veterinarian who will assess the condition of the animals.

As for the maintenance and feeding of livestock from scratch, everything should be built according to the following principles:

• The livestock room should be fairly spacious and light. It is advisable to set up a corral for livestock based on 3 m 2on one head. At the same time, it is not at all necessary to intensively insulate the room. It is enough to keep it dry and free of drafts. In severe frosts, you can lay a bed of straw on the floor.
• It is important that the floor surface in the sheepfold is raised above the soil layer by at least by 30 cm.
• The temperature regime in the pen can be no higher +5 degrees... This is enough for a comfortable stay of livestock indoors. For the breeding season, the temperature should be slightly higher: +15 ... +18 degrees.
• It is important to provide artificial lighting for the comfortable stay of livestock in the sheepfold at night.
• It is necessary to have stall partitions that can be installed in pens if necessary.
• Feeders and drinkers must be installed in each pen.

For a quick increase in livestock and in order to quickly grow young animals for meat, it is important to adhere to the correct feeding diet. It looks something like this:

• 7:00 ... Feeding young animals with fodder.
• 7:30 ... Feeding adults with silage.
• 10:30 ... Otara must go to the watering hole.
• 13:00 ... Feeding livestock with silage.
• 18:00 ... Feeding the flock with roughage.

This feeding schedule is for winter. In the spring-autumn period, the flock grazes in the pasture. Only at night, the sheep are given hay and some concentrates in a ratio of 1 kg per 200 g. In late autumn, when the grass is no longer so juicy, the cattle are fed with silage, root crops and hay.

In winter, you need to stock up on feed in sufficient quantities. On average, one head in the winter has the following feed rate:

• hay - 200 kg.;
• silo - 300 kg.;
• concentrated feed - 25 kg.

Important: If there are signs of mold in the feed, they must be disposed of without hesitation. Otherwise, feeding animals with them will lead to the poisoning of the livestock.

How to save on feed?

The main part of the money can be saved on preparing your own compound feed. It can be purchased, but many farmers prefer to prepare their feed based on grain. For cooking you need to take:

• barley - 3 parts;
• oats - 2 parts;
• wheat - 2 parts;
• sunflower cake - 1 part;
• salt - handful;
• calcium dressing - handful.

All components must be mixed and carefully detailed. The food is ready to be dispensed to the animals.

In addition, if the area of \u200b\u200bthe land permits, you can plant fodder beets for winter feed.

Slaughter

The slaughter of sheep and butchering of carcasses should be done by a professional. An experienced foreman handles livestock quickly and with minimal waste. In general, from livestock in 100 pcs you can get about 500 thousand rubles just for the meat. Additional profit will be income in 200 thousand from the sale of wool and about 200 thousand from the sale of milk, if the livestock is kept for breeding purposes.

Important: according to sanitary standards, all fresh meat should be stored only in refrigerators or freezers in a special container.

Lamb can be marketed in several ways:

1. Individual sale of products on the market for cash and at a higher price. It is more profitable, but at the same time long and troublesome.
2. Wholesale of mutton in restaurants or large retail chains. Among other things, lamb can be sold in the shops for the production of semi-finished products.
3. Wholesale of meat at meat processing plants. But this usually requires large consignments of goods, which is not always within the power of a private farmer. In addition, large meat processing plants often ask for a deferred payment or spend money by bank transfer.
4. Selling meat in large quantities using our own retail outlets throughout the city / region.

It is important to understand that the cost of sheep's wool and milk today is much lower than it was 50 years ago. Therefore, income from the sale of this type of product can be considered only auxiliary. In addition, you can additionally sell lamb skins and manure if there is a demand and a buyer for them. Or you can process all secondary products yourself, making lamb cheese, woolen products, etc.

Tip: If the sheep are kept in good conditions, they can be kept until winter or even early spring and then slaughtered. During this period, the cost of mutton is much higher. Such business planning will be much more profitable.

The pitfalls of the sheep farm

Every novice farmer should understand that any business involves a share of risk. In the case of a sheep farm, these can be the following pitfalls:

• Weather. The unpredictability of the weather can lead the farmer to a standstill. For example, summer can be cold and not at all sunny. In this case, the growth of the grass and its quality will be reduced. Accordingly, grazing will be less productive. In addition, in bad weather, it is more difficult to harvest hay and other feed for the winter.
• The death of the livestock. If the farmer is inexperienced, diseases can begin in the flock, as a result of which most of the sheep die. The work of a competent veterinarian is very important here.
• Difficulty in selling secondary products. We are talking about wool, skins and milk. The demand for them is low today. Therefore, you will have to try to find a buyer.
• Inconsistency of the breed with the declared characteristics. For example, it can be low fertility or a small increase in the weight of each unit of livestock.

In any case, a novice farmer should be aware of possible difficulties in doing business.

Profitability

The profitability of the enterprise will be the higher, the less costs will be spent on payments to workers. That is, the more work the farmer and his family members perform, the higher the profitability of the enterprise will be. It is also important to prepare the ground in advance for marketing the product. It is very good if there are buyers for secondary products - wool, milk and skins. In this case, production will be practically waste-free.

Today the cost of mutton and the demand for it remain stable. Therefore, with the competent organization and conduct of a sheep-breeding business, from the provided idea, it is possible to realize profitable production and get quite good profit, over time increasing the number of flocks.

For newcomers to the business, sheep farming becomes a very tempting start business activities... This occupation is one of the most profitable and promising in the agricultural sector in our country, it allows you to quickly reach good profits and profitability, and at the same time does not require large labor costs. In this article, we will take a closer look at sheep farming as a business for a budding farmer and showcase a detailed business plan.

Sheep have a fairly strong immune system, which significantly reduces the risk of death of the livestock and relieves the cost of veterinarian services. Sheep breeding is the most traditional branch of animal husbandry in Russia and today it demonstrates a fairly good perspective of the direction.

Sheep breeding has a number of advantages over other areas in the agricultural sector:

• the process can hardly be called laborious;
• small costs for the purchase of feed;
• high early maturity;
• unpretentious content;
• lack of seasonality indicators, which leads to a constant demand for products;
• rapid increase in livestock;
• small investment;
• high demand for meat with low competition in the market;
• the opportunity to participate in preferential programs from the state for the development of agriculture.

This list of advantages makes sheep breeding a great business idea, which, with a small initial investment, will allow you to quickly get a good income.

But, as with any business, there are also weaknesses that a novice farmer should be aware of.

A significant disadvantage is the low profitability. Even with development successful business, large labor costs and favorable conditions, the maximum level of profitability will be no more than 15-20%. In addition, in the first years, the profit received must be directed to the development of the livestock in order to build a truly reliable and stable business.

The growing demand for meat, milk and wool should also be noted. At the same time, the demand for farm products significantly exceeds the production demand, which determines the general trend towards healthy image life and proper nutrition among the population.

Statistics show that the annual consumption of mutton in Russia is about 2-2.5 tons, which indicates a high demand.

Despite the disadvantage in the form of low profitability, sheep breeding is ideal option to enter the farming business. Small investments, stable demand and unpretentiousness of livestock will help to start correctly, gradually increasing volumes.

The main risk in this area is mortality. This can be significantly affected by natural disasters and epidemics.

How to start a sheep breeding business?

The early maturity of this cattle is an undeniable advantage for businessmen. At the age of 5-6 months, puberty sets in, which makes it possible to effectively breed livestock.

Fertility depends on the breed. On average, it is 120-140%, some breeds, such as Romanov sheep, are distinguished by a high degree of fertility - about 300%. At the same time, the young growth reaches the full weight of an adult by the 10th month of life. The increase per day is about 300 grams.

Those who decide to enter such a business are interested in where to start raising sheep?

First of all, it is necessary to draw up a competent business plan, which will allow you to correctly calculate costs and draw up a phased implementation of all parts of production.

For breeding, it is necessary to organize a pasture, the size of which will depend on the livestock. It is advisable to immediately focus on the future and choose a pasture with the possibility of expanding the livestock.

For a correct calculation, be guided by the average indicators: 1 hectare of land is needed for 1 individual and growing offspring. With simple calculations, we get the following figures: to breed 200 sheep, you will need about 200 hectares of land. As for the premises in which the livestock will be kept, there are no clear requirements, therefore it will be enough to build a simple barn that shelters the animals from rain, wind and cold.

For those who are engaged in cattle breeding in the eastern and northern parts of the country, it is necessary to consider a system for heating the barn. However, a small potbelly stove will be enough for a farm.

The most favorable regions for this industry are Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories. The Republic of Kalmykia and the Caucasus are not inferior in popularity to the content of sheepfolds. For sheep breeding in other areas, forage can be a major problem. Efficiency largely depends on the quality of the feed this business... It will not work to feed livestock with grass alone, especially when it comes to northern latitudes. It will be necessary to purchase feed, which will have an impact on costs and will greatly affect profitability.

In order to implement entrepreneurial activity in this direction, first of all, it is necessary to find an appropriate pasture. This will be the first step in farming.

To minimize costs, you can build on an existing empty farm. Today you can find hundreds of similar objects, in which dilapidated stalls and corrals remain.

Of course, setting up a farm with this option will require significant effort, but it is much easier than starting from scratch.

Choosing a format

Starting to engage in this type of business, it is important to immediately determine the format for yourself. It can be of two types: farming or private household. What is the difference between them and how to choose the best option?

The conditions for business processes are regulated by legislative regulations. A non-entrepreneurial form is recognized by law as a private subsidiary farm. That is, the owner of such a farm breeds livestock to meet his own needs and on his personal land plot.

Farming involves leasing a land plot and raising livestock for business purposes. In order to choose your option, you need to clearly understand distinctive features given two types of activities.

Arranging your personal subsidiary farm, the owner does not need to register a business and obtain a Certificate. With a plot at your disposal, you can begin to create a sheepfold. At the same time, there is no need to submit reports to the tax authorities and off-budget funds.

But this type of activity has a serious limitation - land allotment up to 2.5 hectares. That is, if the owner of the land plans to breed livestock of a larger volume, then it is necessary to switch to the second option.

For the implementation of a farm, it is necessary to register an individual entrepreneur, issue a lease of land and an appropriate permit that allows you to operate on this land.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe land plot is not limited by law for farming. Another advantage of farming is the opportunity for an entrepreneur to participate in all kinds of government grants and programs that are aimed at developing the agricultural sector.

Such assistance from the state to private households is not provided.

Therefore, if an entrepreneur does not have an initial investment, then it is better to pay attention to farming activities. This is a more serious object of economic relations that gets the opportunity to participate in all kinds of subsidy programs.

Sheep breeding: advantages, technology

Sheep raising has a number of advantages as a business idea. These animals are very unpretentious, have good health, do not require special food and easily endure frosts.

The average duration of a sheep is 20-25 years. The ability to reproduce is preserved in an adult for 8-10 years.

In addition to organizing the pasture, it is necessary to think over the diet of animals. Given their unpretentiousness in content and food, this will not be difficult.

Sheep are grazing livestock, so there is no specific time limit for feeding, they are constantly eating. To this end, it is necessary to organize feeders in the corral, where food and water will always be in the drinkers.

The diet must necessarily contain rock salt, which is involved in digestion, so pieces of salt should be added to the feeders. If the pastures are fertile, then additional food is not required in the summer. But in autumn-winter period they need to be fed with oats, hay and barley.

The winter period of time requires careful preparation. The required amount of feed should be calculated in advance so that the main part of it is made in the form of cut grass.

The most suitable grasses for sheep are clover and bluegrass, which must be cut before flowering.

If the purpose of the sheepfold, in addition to selling meat and milk, is wool, then a more balanced diet should be considered. The quality and growth rate of wool is greatly influenced by vitamins and minerals, therefore it is necessary to purchase concentrated feed. Of course, this will increase the item of expenses, but income from the sale of sheep wool will cover these expenses and give a good profit.

When calculating the required amount of feed, we focus on the standard diet of one individual. In a year she needs:

• 100 kg of concentrated feed or grain;
• 100 kg of straw;
• 250 kg of green grass;
• 150 kg of hay.

With simple math calculations, you can calculate the required amount of feed based on the size of your sheepfold.

Development of pedigree sheep breeding

For breeding strong offspring, it is better to buy livestock from different farms, which will avoid crossing of closely related individuals.

Given the high popularity of three breeds of sheep in Russia, we will focus on the features of the development of pedigree sheep breeding of them.

Drawing up a business plan: what is it for?

The implementation of any business activity is preceded by the stage of drawing up a business plan. Many novice businessmen lose sight of this point and immediately start implementing the project. At the same time, the lack of a clear plan, miscalculation of payback, profitability, analysis of the competitive environment puts the entire business at risk.

Why is it necessary to write a business plan, and what issues should it cover first of all? The document helps to realistically assess your capabilities as an entrepreneur, correctly predict expenses and income, minimize financial risks.

A business plan is an entrepreneur's handbook and a valuable guide to launching and developing a project.

The standard document consists of the following sections:

1. Resume (relevance of the idea).
2. General Provisions.
3. Analysis of the environment (level of competition, market demand).
4. Description of the activity.
5. Marketing section (formation and search for sales channels).
6. Organizational (staff recruitment, premises, equipment purchase, etc.).
7. Financial (forecast of expenses, income, calculation of profitability).

All these points need to be worked out regardless of the format of the activity and the volume of production. Novice farmers who are unfamiliar with this industry are better off seeking help from professionals in developing a plan and analyzing the environment, and selecting a breed.

Market and industry analysis

If we talk about the prospects of this direction in the market, then experts assess this economic periodhow very favorable.

Today there is little competition in this segment, which significantly reduces financial risks and allows you to establish sufficient good price for products. High demand and little competition have resulted from the large decline in livestock in recent years.

According to statistics, today about 10 million head of livestock belong to private farms, which indicates that this direction is very promising. The largest increase in livestock is observed in the southern and central parts of the country. Despite the unpretentiousness of livestock in keeping, not the entire territory Russian Federation suitable for successful implementation project.

The basis for sheep breeding is large fertile pastures. It is difficult to carry out a successful project by providing in advance to feed the animals with purchased food. The most abundant regions in terms of sheep breeding are the Caucasus, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, the Volga region and Southern regions Ural. Moreover, each region is famous for its specialization.

Natural conditions and climate determine the choice of a particular type of livestock. For example, in the North Caucasus, the most popular are coarse wool sheep. But the central part of the country is famous for the abundance of semi-fine wool type.

Cold regions and mountains are the best place to breed meat-feeding sheep. The largest farms can be found in the Caucasus, as the region has an optimal climate, huge fertile pastures and a small percentage of the urban population.

Organizational part

This section will become a real handbook. It gradually reveals such issues as paperwork, search for premises and land, recruitment, purchase of equipment and livestock.

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The decision to formalize agricultural activities as a farm and obtain the status of an individual entrepreneur directly depends on the scale. If 2.5 hectares of land is enough for the owner to breed a sheepfold, then this can be done without appropriate registration. This will release from extra costs, loss of time and payment of taxes.

The temptation of this idea is offset by the fact that it is unlikely that business partners will consider the owner of a private farm to sell products that does not provide documents.

As a standard, farmers register the PF form.

Therefore, for more serious actions, one cannot do without registering an individual entrepreneur. Only in this case it is possible to work with shops, restaurants and factories as sales of products.

In addition to processing documents for an individual entrepreneur, you will need to obtain permission from the sanitary and epidemiological service. This is necessary for the legal sale of milk, meat and wool to wholesale buyers.

A permit obtained from the fire department is responsible for the technical part of keeping the sheepfold.

To save time and nerves, you can use the services of professionals and entrust the registration of the sheepfold to them. The costs of these services, in this case, must also be included in the costs.

Search and rent of land for farm and pasture

After obtaining permits, it is time to select a pasture. For many novice entrepreneurs, the question arises of buying their own land plot or lease.

An easier option is to rent land. This will reduce financial risks and will not require large capital investments.

To graze one sheep requires 1 hectare of land

Given the good adaptation of the sheep to weather conditions, open pastures can be used for the summer period. For the winter period, you can use closed corrals, in which it will be enough to install a small potbelly stove for heating.

Finding personnel to work on the farm

After you have found a pasture for a sheepfold, the next point is the selection of workers who will take care of the maintenance and health of the animals.

To organize a small farm for 200 heads, you will need the following composition:

• shepherd;
• haircut specialist;
• veterinarian;
• milkmaid;
• a worker who feeds livestock and keeps the sheepfold clean.

To organize a small farm and minimize costs, you can invite a veterinarian and a shear from outside, if necessary. For a larger scale business, you will need to keep these specialists on a permanent basis.

With a small farm, it is advisable to find a versatile specialist who can combine several functions at once: shearing sheep, grazing, feeding.

To calculate such specialists, be guided by the fact that there should be no more than 50 heads per person. Shepherds (shepherds) and milkmaids should be permanent in the state. The rest can be attracted from outside as needed.

In order to avoid staff turnover and really provide the farm with good specialists, analyze the average wages in the nearby villages and establish a good income.

Selecting and buying animals

For the industry, breed selection is a key factor in business success. It is necessary to carefully analyze the market, take into account the region of operation and study in detail the characteristics of each type in order to choose the right cattle.

If the entrepreneur does not have experience in this industry, then you can attract an outside expert who will demonstrate in detail the characteristics of livestock, choosing the best option for the activity.

For Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, meat type sheep will be the most optimal choice. For northern latitudes, you can pick up animals with abundant wool.

Experts classify animals into the following types:

• semi-coarse-haired;
• semi-fine wool;
• fine-wool.

Fat-tailed, Georgian, Kazakh, Vyatka breeds belong to fine-woolen breeds.

The long-haired ones include Kuibyshev, Gorky, Lithuanian. Sheep of the Saraja breed belongs to the semi-coarse-wool breed. Coarse-haired animals include Kuchugorovskaya, Romanovskaya and Hissar.

We bring comparative characteristics the most popular breeds, which will help you make your choice.

Species name	A type	Breeds	Description
Rough-haired look. Romanov breed of sheep	fur coat and meat; zmushkovy; meat-bearing; meat-wool and dairy.	Romanovskaya, Sokolskaya, Karakulskaya, Gissar, Kuchugorovskaya.	Animals are distinguished by their high endurance and adaptability to the environment. They are suitable for year-round keeping, tolerate low temperatures well.
Fine-wooled look. Askanian breed	woolen; meat and wool; wool and meat.	Dagestan, Askanian, Grozny, fat-tail, Georgian, Kazakh, Vyatka.	This breed is mainly used to supply wool and meat. The animal has a crimped coat, they are mainly raised for meat.
Semi-fine wool look. Lincoln sheep	meat-wool long-haired; meat-wool short-haired.	Lincoln, Lithuanian, Tsigai, Gorky.	Animals of this species are distinguished by a strong constitution, have thick skin and uniform white wool. Excellent for wool production.

Important! Breed selection is highly competitive and demand driven, so check this data before purchasing an animal.

Where to buy sheep and rams?

The purchase of animals is one of the most important stages in the implementation of a sheepfold. Having analyzed the competition in the region and the characteristics of different breeds, one should focus on one or two types of sheep.

The search for suppliers for the purchase of animals should be carried out according to two criteria:

• supplier reliability;
• his experience in the market.

Romanov sheep are the best option for a novice farmer. They are distinguished by their unpretentious content and high fertility.

If the sale of meat is chosen as the main line of sheep breeding, then you should pay attention to the following varieties:

• Edilbaevskaya;
• Gorkovskaya;
• Hissar;
• Romney March;
• North Caucasian;
• Tien Shan;
• Romanovskaya;
• Fat tail.

Romney March

One of the most common and profitable is the Romanov sheep. The advantage is the quick weight gain of the animal. For 3.5-4 months, a young lamb gains 50% in weight, and by the end of the first year it already reaches 90-95% of the weight of an adult ram.

The weight of an adult male reaches 50 kg, that of a female - 35 kg. Also, Romanov rams are distinguished by high fertility and early puberty. The simplicity of keeping and resistance to frost makes these sheep one of the most popular species in farms in central and northern Russia.

Marketing part

This chapter of the document is responsible for product marketing and pricing. To do this, you need to carefully study the competitive environment and research the market in order to competently perform pricing. Considering that the business can be implemented in several directions (sale of meat, milk, wool, livestock), it is necessary to analyze the market in all segments.

When forming the price, consider the following nuances:

• calculate the cost of goods before setting the price;
• focus on supply and demand in the market;
• the maximum profit margin depends not only on the price, but also on the costs.

Receiving and marketing of products

Sheep breeding allows for marketing activities in three areas: milk, meat and wool. In order to ensure the continuity of the process, it is necessary to establish distribution channels at the stage of purchasing animals.

It is better to sell meat and milk on a contractual basis with large suppliers. These can be supermarkets, shops, businesses catering.

The existence of a contract imposes obligations on both parties. On your part, you will have to ensure the supply of fresh meat in accordance with established health standards. The buyer undertakes to pay in full for the ordered goods.

Another marketing option is to sell meat and milk to resellers, but this will significantly reduce income and affect profitability.

A sales option can be implemented in two ways:

• marketing of live products;
• sale of already cut meat.

The first option is easier to organize, but the buyer purchases the entire batch from you at the wholesale price.

The second option requires hiring additional personnel, but in this case the profit will be higher. It will be necessary to additionally organize a slaughter and hire a butcher. In addition to selling meat, wool sales can be an additional source of income.

Breeding and processing sheep wool on an industrial scale is considered a profitable direction for farmers. In our article you will find detailed information on the types of wool raw materials, process features, and how to start a wool processing business.

You can negotiate with factories and private enterprises that will buy wool in bulk during the shearing. Thus, you completely sell the product. In addition to wool, you can also hand over the dressed skins of slaughtered sheep, which today are used in great demand... For the delivery of this product, study the demand among the enterprises of footwear, leather haberdashery, conclude a contract for the supply of products.

Just betting on the sale of wool is not worth it. The price of wool is not high and in order to achieve a good profitability, you need to have a farm for 1,000 heads and more.

Another direction of sales can be the sale of milk and dairy products. But, unlike cow's milk, sheep's milk is not so popular in the market. Therefore, if you sell it privately at retail, it will take a long time. In addition, it will be necessary to include in the financial section and transportation costs.

The optimal solution would be to conclude a contract with a milk processing plant or a public catering facility that needs these products.

As an expansion of production, we can further consider the opening of our own workshop for the dressing of skins, the production of sheep cheese, and the sewing of leather goods from sheep skin.

Finance

This chapter is one of the most difficult and important. Try to make financial forecasts for at least three years in order to see development prospects.

You should also establish a short-term and long-term goal of generating income from the sheepfold. This will allow you to clearly navigate and make adjustments if you suddenly deviate from the vector.

The main costs of organizing a sheep farm

In order to make the correct calculations, we take into account the production of 300 heads.

To organize a farm you will need:

• purchase of sheep (3,000 * 300 pieces) - 900,000 rubles;
• land plot - 100,000 rubles;
• repair / restoration (construction of a stall) - 100,000 rubles;
• salary (based on 5 units) - 600,000 rubles;
• business registration and payment of taxes per year - 150,000 rubles.

In total, 1,850,000 rubles will be required to organize a sheepfold.

It should be noted that the amount for the purchase of livestock, plot, repair should be immediately available. At the start, the income will be minimal, so you cannot count on the investment of the earned funds.

Income part

To calculate the income for the year, we take the profit from the sale of all products.

• delivery of live individuals (100 pieces * 3 thousand) - 300,000 rubles;
• sale of wool - about 200,000 rubles;
• meat - 500,000 rubles;
• milk - 200,000 rubles.

The average expected income from keeping a sheepfold will be 1,200,000 rubles.

Thus, the payback period of the sheepfold is 16-24 months.

The profitability of sheep breeding

Considering the benefits of this idea and the profitability, it should be said that the standard organization of a sheepfold pays off within two years.

Much depends on the climatic zone and the entrepreneurial spirit of the farmer. If the labor of hired workers is fully included in the item of expenditure, then this will significantly reduce income and affect profitability. If the main work is carried out on its own, then in this case we can already talk about good profitability. You can start farming even with minimal investment, gradually increasing the livestock and developing production.

Video - Breeding sheep

Sheep breeding on a home farm as an entrepreneurial business is a profitable event. These animals are easy to keep, they graze well in summer and feed on hay in winter. The benefits of breeding are obvious, sheep give: wool, meat, valuable fat, milk. For novice entrepreneurs, future farmers, it will not be difficult to breed them when the conditions and rules for caring for them are observed.

By their nature, they are mobile animals that can graze on foothill meadows, on the slopes of a ravine, on a semi-desert pasture. In other words, they feed in places where cattle will not be able to graze, which makes feeding the sheep easier. A small herd does not require a lot of investment. Consider where to start farm sheep breeding.

The employment of the population today for Russia is in the first place, for this reason there are many government programs to support start-up entrepreneurs and farmers. Sheep breeding ─ great business for novice farmers, since it is this animal that has versatility in usefulness and productivity.

Experts explain to young farmers that the productivity of a sheep is divided into groups, this is:

Fine-wooled animals, breeding of this breed will bring excellent coat: uniform and downy.

Sheep are semi-fine wool, which give a uniform wool, have a good weight and grow quickly, and in addition have a high meat productivity.

Rough-haired sheep, this species gives a sheepskin and good meat production.

The Romanov breed is considered the best among the sheepskin type of sheep. It is good to breed in Russia in the middle latitudes, it tolerates cold well and breeds in the north of the country. The purchase cost of this breed of sheepskin is very high, for this reason many farmers start sheep breeding with this breed.

If you look at the flock of sheep from the side, you can see that these are animals that require supervision, one wolf can tear the entire flock. Modern science explains this with poor eyesight in sheep, for this reason they are not able to defend themselves in a group, but herd structure is highly developed.

Sheep breeding at home for beginners cannot start without knowing how to care for them and how to keep them. Sheep are herd behavior animals that easily graze in a group and do not run away. It is the crowding of animals that allows the farmer to breed many animal heads in a small room (sheepfold). The main advantage in breeding sheep livestock is their impartiality to the feed base. When the herd is on the run The main thing is to have grass, but it is not worth grazing them near wetlands, in lowlands with high humidity, they can get sick.

Sheep breeding is divided into three types, these are:

warm climatic conditions, walking all year round;

breeding in a sheepfold, when there are no conditions for walking in the pasture;

combined breeding method: in summer - pasture, in winter - sheepfold.

Experts recommend a novice farmer to breed sheep with 20-25 heads, choose a breed that is gaining weight quickly, so that females have fertility. Wool is easily sold at the sheepskin processing plants. All contacts must be established before starting the organization of the farm.

When climatic conditions allow breeding with constant walking of sheep, the question of pasture arises, the requirement for it is: not in the lowlands and not in wetlands. If the grass is not enough, you can add additives (top dressing) to the feed.

If the herd is 20 heads, then up to 60 kilograms of silage will be needed per day. The process of harvesting the fodder base is also important, you must adhere to the recommendations, this:

about six centners of silage (grass with corn);

about five centners of roughage;

about two centners of hay.

It is recommended to give concentrated feed to breeders and queens feeding lamb. A young individual can be fed with leguminous silage mass and a small amount of hay. Feeders must be equipped for attaching lick salt.

As a mineral supplement, you can use:

defluorinated phosphate;

feed chalk;

bone meal.

If there is not enough mineral supplement, then a novice farmer will notice this immediately, all parameters of herd productivity decrease.

The consumption of water by sheep is insignificant in comparison with other livestock farms, it is necessary to water it 2 times a day, this is in the summer, and once in the winter. Standing water is not suitable for an animal's thirst.

Features of sheep breeding

Breeding sheep at home, due to minor requirements for the premises (sheepfold).

A novice farmer can easily cope with such requirements, this:

ventilated room;

dry room, without free movement of air (drafts);

it is necessary to make a bed of sand and straw;

the sheepfold may not be heated, but it is reliably protected from wind and rain.

In summer, the coolness in the room increases the growth of the sheep's wool. The required area of \u200b\u200bthe premises for one sheep (having offspring) is two square meters.

When, in mixed sheep breeding, the herd from the sheepfold is taken to pasture, this is done gradually with an increase in the time spent on the walk. Succulent herbs in large quantities can lead to intestinal upset in animals. Experts recommend starting to graze the flock when the grass has reached 50 millimeters of growth. When haymaking has passed at this place, the herd is allowed in 25 days. To feed the flock only with green food, it must be grazed for at least 14 hours a day.

It depends on which breed you choose for breeding, sexual maturity also depends, it comes from 4 months to 8 months. Experts recommend that a young (bright) lamb be allowed to mate when she is already a year old. The duration of pregnancy (bearing offspring) is about 140 days. The farmer needs to free the withers of the uterus and the place around the udder from the wool 20-25 days before the offspring. Lambs are almost always born on their own, no veterinarian assistance is required. Experts advise, after 7 days from birth, to transfer them to concentrated feed.

For meat breeding, it is recommended to wean the lambs from the uterus on the third day and then artificially water and feed them, this makes it possible to have a female again after a short time. It has been noticed that lambs weaned from the uterus earlier have the best taste of mutton. It is better to slaughter lamb for meat from 4 to 9 months of age, by cutting the cervical artery.

The trimming of the herd is carried out twice a year, if the breed for breeding is chosen as a uniform coat, the trimming is carried out in the spring, and for other breeds in spring and autumn. The haircut should not be delayed, as there is a risk of losing the sheepskin up to 50% when molting begins, especially with sharp warming.

Sheep breeding, breeds for breeding

Breeding sheep of the Romanov breed at home is considered by experts to be the most profitable business for a novice farmer.

There are good reasons for this, such as:

high productivity for meat;

getting a lot of milk;

fast reproduction;

getting the best sheepskin.

If the direction of your farm is to obtain high-quality wool, you can opt for fine-wool breeds, these are: Altai sheep, Caucasian sheep, merino and Stavropol breed. An adult of the Altai breed gives about 12 kilograms of wool for one haircut.

The choice of a breed for breeding depends on which direction of activity the farmer has chosen, what he prefers to enter the business more efficiently.

The following best breeds of sheep for breeding are popular in Russia, these are:

To get wool:

grozny breed of sheep;

merino Soviet;

stavropol sheep.

If the type of activity is aimed at obtaining wool and meat from the herd, then it is recommended to choose from these breeds, these are:

caucasian lamb;

the Krasnoyarsk breed of sheep;

altai sheep;

south Ural breed;

georgian and Dagestan sheep;

kazakh sheep;

russian long-haired sheep breed.

When the farmer chooses exclusively meat direction business development it is beneficial for him to make a choice among the following sheep breeds, these are:

hissar sheep;

saraja sheep.

To get more sheepskin and meat, the Romanov breed of sheep is chosen.

The breeds for obtaining meat and wool are distinguished by a semi-thin structure of the wool cover, it is subdivided:

long-haired sheep;

short-haired sheep.

The weight of animals in this breed category is about 80 kilograms. Semi-fine-wool sheep are presented: Russian long-haired sheep, Tien Shan breed, Romney marsh, North Caucasian sheep. Short-haired breeds give in breeding a quick offspring and meat of excellent quality and taste, these include: Estonian sheep, Latvian sheep.

Manufacturers of artificial fur buy wool from the Georgian and Tzigian sheep breeds, their wool is used to create carpets and technical materials.

The Romanov breed is used for the quality of sheepskin in fur coat production.

To obtain felt, fat-tailed sheep breeds are used, the representative of which is the Hissar sheep, it gives good meat and lard, the weight of one individual reaches 200 kilograms.

The following are considered universal breeds: Tushinskaya sheep, Karachaevskaya sheep, Balabas breed.

Competent breeding

Breeding sheep of the Romanov breed for a farmer will not be difficult, but like any business, the organization of a farm needs the necessary approach. We need to make a room where the herd will be. Look after the sufficient grazing area near the chosen place. Then buy the young, and after a short period of time you can do the first mating.

For sheep, feed and supplements will not be expensive, they spend most of the day walking, feeding occurs independently. When it is not possible to breed on grazing, the stalls must be kept clean. The average life cycle of animals is about 25 years, but it is recommended not to keep a fertile female for more than seven years, as the teeth are worn out, and the productivity of feeding the offspring decreases.

Sheep should not be caught by the woolen cover, since it is easily separated from the body along with the skin, they catch their device with a hook by the leg.

How to breed the Romanov breed at home

This breed of sheep appeared on the territory of Russia in the 19th century, and was named after the place of withdrawal: Yaroslavl province, Romanovsky district. Breeding sheep for meat and sheepskin, especially the demand for fur coats, gave impetus to the production of this breed.

The best sheepskin in Russia is obtained from the Romanov breed sheep up to 6 months old. The weight of an adult male can reach 100 kilograms, but on average his weight does not exceed 70 kilograms, and the female of this breed weighs 80 kilograms. For high rates of fertility and excellent quality of wool and meat, this breed has become popular in Russia for home breeding.

The appearance of sheep of this breed is distinguished by: strong limbs, heads of animals elongated with dark wool.

Constant selection of the breed has led to the formation of a skeleton of three types of sheep, this:

strong type, which has a proportionally developed body, thick coat of wool, obtained high quality gray sheepskin;

coarse type, has a heavy bone, the awn of the wool is more fluff, and the fleece from this sheep has a transitional fiber, which lowers its quality, it is preferable to grow it for meat, the sheepskin of them is of low quality;

a gentle type, these are animals with a gentle awn of wool, the fleece from such sheep is snow-white, the males of this breed do not have a mane, are bred only to obtain excellent quality meat, are viable, but require an insulated sheepfold in winter.

How the Romanov breed is divided into classes

Sheep breeding as a business cannot start without knowing which breed to choose, when we choose the universal Romanov breed, we need to know that it is also divided into classes, these are:

Normal sheep with good body composition (proportional size), which have a good coat. The fluff in this class of sheep overlaps the wool spine by more than 15 millimeters, the presence of curls on the wool. A lamb of this class at eight months should weigh about 34-38 kilograms.

Sheep with strong bones, excellent body composition, wool is not worse than first class sheep, and the weight of a lamb at eight months is about 30 kilograms.

The normal development of the body, the hardened fleece, is the mane. The ram's weight is not less than 36 kilograms.

All other animals in the herd do not fit 1-3 classification, in other words, this is a marriage.

Often in home breeding Sheep classification does not apply, but it is necessary for farming.

How to know when sheep can happen

The sheep breeding technique provides for an increase in the herd population. Hunting (the moment when the female is ready for mating), the lamb already giving birth will begin faster when the young are taken from her for independent (artificial) feeding. The correct organization of this process gives from one female to three cases per year.

Mating at home breeding of sheep should be allowed for those individuals that show signs of hunting, this:

nervous behavior of the female, periodic bleating;

running for a walk, collisions with other sheep;

refusals to eat.

It is recommended to mate twice a year at least as often, the first mating at the bright one immediately after the appearance of signs of hunting, and the second can be done after 12 hours with the same ram. According to experts, hunting lasts up to five days, which makes it possible to cover the female with a ram several times.

It's bright for 4 months, according to veterinarians, it is already ready for mating, but experts recommend waiting time and letting her gain weight up to 40 kilograms, so they will better bear the offspring.

It is also necessary to keep a record of incidents and prepare a place for this process. In the corral, part of the place is covered with straw, fenced off from the herd. Before the appearance of offspring, the sheep shows signs, these are: refusal to eat, bleating, desire to lie down. The farmer at this time needs to cut the withers and udders from the female's wool. Romanov sheep give about four kilograms of milk in 24 hours. It is not necessary to give birth, the queens cope with this on their own, usually two to four lambs are born, sometimes there may be more.

After birth, the lambs are fed from the uterus, then they must be separated, this will reduce the preparation time for the female for a new hunt. This method helps to preserve the offspring, lambs drink well from the teat, feeding is carried out every three hours. They should be in a separate enclosure.

How to keep a Romanov sheep

The organization of the farm and the maintenance of the sheep depends on the place of business. Sheep breeding, a business plan of the necessary costs for this will help the farmer in the organization, it depends on following indicators, these are: winter maintenance or summer, as well as distant.

In the temperate climatic zone of Russia, the herd is transferred to the winter maintenance in November, not immediately, but with addiction, when the sheep are driven into the room at night, and with a decrease in temperature, the duration of their stay in the sheepfold increases. First, young livestock with less wool are transferred, then females and then rams.

Sheepfolds can differ in the type of performance, there are no standard solutions, the main thing is compliance with the conditions in them, this:

dry room;

insulated floor (straw with sand);

no draft.

A corral should be organized near the premises, its area depends on the herd population, it should have a canopy.

In winter, sheep can be released into the corral in the daytime, where feeders should be equipped, and at night they can be driven into the sheepfold. One of the factors of winter maintenance is straw bedding, which in turn affects the purity of the wool, for this reason the straw is removed a month before shearing the sheep.

In summer, the flock is kept mainly on grazing, the transition from winter to summer keeping is carried out along an increasing line, not immediately. This is done for the precaution of intestinal diseases. For this reason, hay supplements are introduced into the ration of the livestock after the start of walking. The first grazing lasts a short time, then the time increases. The best walking area is reserved for young stock and breeding animals.

There are times when there is not enough grass in the pasture, then the sheep farmer needs to feed the livestock with dry additives, hay, and silage. Sheep can graze on forty acres for about five years.

Business plan and profitability of sheep breeding

A business plan for breeding sheep must be carefully thought out, it must describe all the stages of the future farm, make all the calculations for costs. A novice entrepreneur always has a question about the benefits of the proposed event, ─ undoubtedly, a profitable business, according to experts, which gives up to 30% profitability, and when conditions do not accompany the farmer's work, it does not fall below 10%.

What you need to consider when planning your farm is:

grazing area from taking into account the needs per individual with offspring - one hectare, which can be rented;

spending on sowing grass, based on summer feeding - one individual eats up to 10 kilograms of grass;

the paddock should provide the sheep with three meters of square space.

To f. \u003d U demand / N * P, where:

To f. - the number of livestock in the herd;

Consumer - grass cover eaten by livestock;

H is the required amount of grass per individual;

P - how long the pasture is used.

Initial parameters:

as real example consider a flock of sheep for 300 individuals;

based on the average cost of land lease, for this livestock we need 100 thousand rubles. Every year;

farm employees, wages - 600 thousand rubles. per year;

other costs for each day - 50 thousand rubles;

total expenses: 850 thousand rubles, for one year.

Calculation of farm profit, sheep breeding:

sale of meat products (50 head of herd, at a cost of 100 rubles per kilogram) - 500 thousand rubles;

taking into account the young animals that have appeared, the sale of meat of the rest of the livestock - 500 thousand rubles;

income from the sale of wool of the Romanov breed of sheep - 100 thousand rubles.

Profit without tax deductions is 1 million 100 thousand rubles per year. The net profit will be equal to 1,100,000 - 165,000 - 850,000 \u003d 85,000 rubles.

From the above calculation it can be seen that already in the first year you can get a positive profit with coverage of all expenses. Profitability up to 25%.

Setting up a sheep farm requires outsourcing, or the entire family will be involved in the business. We must not forget about the involvement of a veterinarian for examination and during the slaughter of livestock for meat. I need to buy equipment for clipping wool. It is also necessary to think over transport for farming needs, preferably a truck, this will be needed for delivery: finished products to points of sale, herd feed, farm tools and equipment. You must also have open business and OKVED code 01.22.1.

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Sheep farming is not the most profitable business. However, you can succeed in it if you correctly calculate your strength and do not expect instant super profits. To make money, you need to choose a suitable breed of sheep, organize good grazing and think over a marketing scheme for products.

Sheep breeding is considered to be quite a difficult business. Absolute beginners with no experience in agriculturerarely take up sheep breeding. However, experienced farmers know that these animals have many positive qualities.

These include:

• growth rate and weight gain;
• pasture maintenance, which allows you to save on the construction of premises for animals;
• ewes of popular breeds bring offspring up to 2 times a year;
• the livestock is resistant to diseases, tolerates temperature changes well;
• sheep give not only tasty meat, but also skins, wool, milk.

Before starting to organize a farm, it is worth weighing its cons. The disadvantages of sheep breeding include:

1. The high cost of breeding stock. The entrepreneur will have to invest a large sum in the formation of the herd.
2. For animals to gain weight well, it is necessary provide them with quality feed, some of which will have to be purchased.
3. For grazing you need spacious pastures with fertile grass.
4. The demand for wool and skins is not high enough today. Many farmers rely only on meat sheep breeding, not paying due attention to wool, milk and other products that a sheep can provide.
5. Only a large herd will provide profitability. To service it, you will need to hire people with the necessary qualifications and provide them with a decent salary.

You can find out about the main advantages and disadvantages of breeding guinea fowls at home, as well as about the peculiarities of doing business in this area.

Sheep farming as a business: where to start and how to succeed?

• Rent land for your future farm. Empty areas of ruined state farms, abandoned farms with ready-made premises for livestock are ideal. It is good if there is a settlement near the pasture where you can hire workers.

The price of land depends on the ecological state of the region, its remoteness, the availability of communications, transport accessibility and other factors.

• Equip pastures. For good fattening, sheep need succulent grasses with a predominance of legumes and succulent grains.

The ideal option is to divide the pastures into plots, alternately sowing grass and transferring the herd from one area to another. Set up pens and sheds for livestock, equip them with feeders. It will require the construction of a house for a shepherd, who must constantly monitor the sheep.

• Sheep breeding at home for beginners is recommended to start with the registration of a farm (peasant) economy. Creature legal entity not necessarily, but many farmers still prefer or will need to obtain a veterinary certificate, without which it will be impossible to sell products.
• Hire staff. To service a herd of 300-500 heads, you will need 1-2 shepherds, as well as a livestock technician with a veterinary education. It will also take several people for the daily care of the livestock. Seasonal workers can be hired to shear the sheep.
• Get the young. The minimum herd is from 200 heads. But for greater profitability, it is better to purchase 300-500 sheep. Provide food to supplement the pasture diet.

Sample veterinary certificate.

Breed selection: which sheep to bet on?

The most promising direction for a farm is raising sheep for meat as a business. The demand for this type of product is great, which will ensure a stable income.

Dairy sheep breeding is possible, however, difficulties may arise with the processing and sale of products. In addition, a dairy farm needs more staff, except for cattlemen and shepherds, it will be necessary to hire milkers.

The selection of meat breeds is great. In the southern regions, preference is given to fat-tailed sheep, whose meat is considered especially tender and tasty. This category includes the Edilbaev and Karachai sheep, which provide delicious meat and fat, as well as an especially large Hissar breed. Hissars grow very quickly, rams gain weight up to 180 kg.

In the regions of the middle zone and in the north, it has proven itself well romanov breed. These sheep are prolific, quickly fatten up meat, and are distinguished by lush, high-quality wool.

The Tekkel breed, bred in Holland, is also highly valued. Sheep give very tasty meat without the characteristic "lamb" smell. "

Farmers who want to get not only meat, but also high-quality wool can be included in the flock of fine-wool breeds. Altai, Caucasian, Stavropol sheep, characterized by resistance to cold weather and multiplicity, are perfect. These breeds give good milk, from which quality cheese is obtained.

Sheep for the flock it is better to buy from different farms, this will help to avoid closely related crossbreeding and guarantee good immunity of the young.

Purchase breeding animals only from certified breeders. You don't have to bet on one breed. Purchase several different ones, later you can make a choice in favor of a more promising one.

Business plan for raising sheep: accounting for expenses and income

For example, take an average farm with a flock of 500 sheep:

1. For such a livestock, 25 hectares of land are needed, which will be divided into plots and sown with herbs during the entire spring-summer season;
2. The price for renting land in the middle lane is from 100,000 rubles per month;
3. Purchase of livestock - from 100,00,000 rubles (from 5,000 rubles for a purebred sheep);
4. Food in winter - from 180,000 rubles.

The expenditure part can be attributed to the construction of a corral and a shed, salaries to employees, the cost of paperwork and additional costs.

In the income column, the main item will be the sale of meat. The price per kilogram starts at 100 rubles. From selling the meat of 100 sheep, you can earn up to 1,000,000 rubles. Thus, the profitability of the business will be 25%. The farm will reach self-sufficiency in 2 years of work.

To increase profitability will help:

• an increase in the number of animals to 1000 or more;
• shifting the slaughter schedule closer to the beginning of spring, when the cost of meat increases significantly;
• meat processing (shop for the production of stewed meat or sausages, smokehouse);
• sale of sheep milk and products made from it (primarily cheese);
• sale of skins and wool to wholesalers. The profit will be small, but stable and not requiring additional financial investments;
• sale of pedigree young animals.

Learn to process meat yourself. Lamb can be smoked, cooked into stew, sausages, snack sets. Processed meat can be stored longer, and its price increases significantly. You can sell products through the Internet, private stores or markets.

Breeding sheep at home for beginners - video with recommendations for care and maintenance