When buying, you need to carefully check that nothing remains in the pockets from the old owners and that all things are clean enough. Substitution of defective goods - legal advice The purchased items were carefully

Water fun

If you have summer ahead, a bucket of toys for playing in the water can be a wonderful gift for your child. All you need for these kids' fun is a sandbox and a hose. Don't be stupid, don't buy baby buckets with flimsy handles. Go to the hardware store and purchase a regular plastic bucket. In it you need to put more shatterproof bottles, plastic cups, some plastic syringes for cream or sprinkling sauce, a strainer, and maybe even a water gun and the like. Tie a large red bow to the handle of the bucket, and now you are ready to please your little one. (And when winter comes and the snow falls, many of these toys will be useful again.) Add a watering can, a small plastic pool, a plastic ball, goggles, fins, and outdoor games to your list of water fun gifts.

Sandbox in an instant

If you have a hose but no sand, you might consider a baby gift like a sandbox. Four smooth wooden planks, a few bags of coarse sand - and your sandbox is ready. Put your bucket with a bow on the handle in the middle of the sand heap, and on your child's birthday you can surprise and delight him. Add a few more "toys" to the gift. a metal kitchen spatula - for smoothing sand, a ladle - for digging and a round spoon - for wet sand, this is a very convenient thing.

Serious business

We ourselves may get tired of all this daily routine, but many children find pleasure in this ordinary clerical work and its accessories. When Sharla's children were young, they really liked to set up a "warehouse" for toys in the locker, and they spent whole days preparing their toys for "sale" and then "selling" them to each other and their friends. All that was required for the game was a supply of paper "money", a bunch of tags, a date stamp, and a stamp pad. Walk through a good stationery store and you will find a lot of things that can arouse the interest of a child: bundles of colored rubber bands, magnets, stamps and stamp pads, ledgers very useful for children who want to calculate their savings, reams of paper for notes.

Put a name

Personal printing is a wonderful gift. Stamps come in all sizes and styles and can be ordered from the workshop or purchased from office supply or stationery stores. It would be nice to add three different colors of ink stamp pads to this gift. And then on some rainy day, you can put the child to work - have him put his name on all the children's books. Personalization has become a big business these days, and if you feel like it, you can arrange to have your child's name on notepads, wood carvings, stickers, or pencils.

Stationery

You can give your child a paper with his name. (Of course, this should be planned in advance.) When people of all ages see their name in print, they are delighted. You could probably observe how your colleagues rejoice if they have paper for notes or letters with their name at the top of the sheet, in the same way children rejoice and feel like important persons when they see their name printed. You can order postcards, notebooks, business Cards, which are usually invested in gifts, and even "business cards" on which the name of your son or daughter, a phone number, and maybe a small picture or bookplate drawn by a child will be written. Your daughter, for example, could give such cards to her new acquaintances if she really wants to be called.

Detokograms

If your child is sincerely glad to see his name printed, keep in mind that this can be done on towels, sheets, toothbrushes, berets. You can buy permanent paint or markers that also last forever, and have your child write their name on sheets, shirts, and towels.

Real technique

In our experience, children love real things; in addition, they last much longer than toy imitations. Even a four-year-old will be happy if he is presented with a real player and a set of films with fairy tales and music. But remember that by placing a young head between two headphones, you cut off the path to communication with the child and he loses the sound connection with the world. For a child going to school for the first time, a clock or an alarm clock will be a wonderful gift. Having a watch of their own makes your child feel like an adult, and you can teach him how important it is to be everywhere on time.

Sporting goods

You can also find a gift for your child in a sports store: both you and your child will like such a gift. If you forcibly pull your child into a sport, most likely it will end not with the triumphant wires of your offspring to the Olympic Games, but with the fact that he will hate this sport. However, if entertainment is more important to you than sports victories, then both you and your children will find pleasure in sports.

Teach your kid the simplest fishing techniques, and let this be an excuse for you to go on a "distant" fishing. It is worth thinking about different balls - basketball, football, tennis, plastic and tennis rackets - these are all traditionally welcome gifts for both girls and boys. But it's also worth considering badminton and volleyball, which can be easily played in the yard.

Children school age will be delighted with such a gift as binoculars. To this gift you can add a book about birds or a sports bag; it is worth adding a lock that opens by a combination of numbers, which you can install yourself. One of our lucky gifts from the sports bag range was a small, stable bag that also provided self-protection.

Be economical

Children often want to have the same sports equipment as their older siblings, even though they are too young to know how to use and care for expensive items. Until the guys grow up, it is quite possible to meet their needs by buying sports equipment from second-hand stores. We remember with affection our two-year-old neighbor who dragged a squeezed racket with him everywhere, asking "Who wants to play tennis?"

Hobbies are serious

It is difficult to foresee which gift will especially attract a child's attention and, possibly, become the beginning of a long and serious hobby. However, when this happens - when the child cannot tear himself away from the gift, and he has a passion for drawing, kites or puzzles, to stamps, knitting or building models, to embossing leather or beekeeping - such a gift can be estimated, as they say, worth its weight in gold. We know children who are madly passionate about working with colored glass, decorating vests, embroidering belts and stringing beads, and we know others who spend whole hours modeling submarines or building doll houses. However, we have met such children who have no interest in all this - they only need blue skies and open fields.

Look for gifts that can help your child get carried away. In this case, the characteristics of the temperament of each child must be taken into account. Think about whether this child loves to play in the house or in the air, he is mobile or not, whether he can patiently understand some details, or he needs to get the result as soon as possible. If you and your child are doing his favorite thing, a special contact is established between you. And if you have a favorite activity and the child wants to share it with you, this is an amazing opportunity to have fun and usefully spend time with the child. We may be tempted to involve children in an activity just because we want to show them something new or we are attracted by the idea of \u200b\u200bworking together; at the same time, sometimes we are not even embarrassed that children are not yet fully prepared for this kind of work. If your gift is not to your taste and the child does not show any interest in it, hide it somewhere in the closet and let it lie there for a year or two. What fails at five can be accepted at seven. Of course, there is no ready-made formula for finding out if a child is “ready”, but try to observe other children who are enjoying the very “hobby” you mean. Look what kind of children they are, ask at what age they got this hobby. You need to be sure if your child can maintain attention long enough, if he has enough energy for the activity that you have in mind.

Set of tools

For quite a long time, the favorite toy of young children is the "work bench" with a wooden hammer and "nails", which the baby hammers into the holes on the bench and knocks them out. However, as the child grows up, you can think about real tools. Buy him the simplest tools for novice craftsmen and put them in a box. Our own experience shows that store-bought tools last longer than those made specifically for children. Start with a light hammer, tape measure, and screwdriver. Add a set of large nails and a few pieces of wood. You can also add a leveler, a clamp, pliers and, of course, a working apron with pockets. Then draw up a simple drawing and work with your child. For starters, you can try making small bookshelves, toy boxes, and a simple bathroom hanger.

Flashlights

Bring light to the life of the younger generation - with one flashlight or a collection. The magic of flashlights is especially effective for very young children.

Flashlights come in all sizes, shapes and, of course, different prices. You can buy a bigger flashlight - it will be "dad", a smaller flashlight - "mom" and a very small one - "baby flashlight". Wrap each one in brightly colored paper and when the excitement of the gift subsides, try to take the time to tell your child how batteries work and that if you leave the flashlight on under the bed, it won't last long.

Personal Computer

The computer can be a good source of fun for children. Many of the new programs, even for very young children, develop critical thinking and imagination. Children find these programs fun, but adults also fall for this hook. If you have a computer at home, familiarize yourself with some commercially available programs by reading or asking about them. Just try to make the time spent at the computer a pleasure for the child, and not a compulsory activity. After all, you want him to see a friend and a useful tool on the computer, not a forced occupation.

Old fun

We are already so involved in all sorts of innovations, such as video and electronic entertainment, that we forget about traditional gifts that have served many generations with faith and truth. After all, children can play with a deck of cards for a long time, the same can be said about puzzles, about a book with good illustrations or about a kitchen rolling pin. What child does not like an old game tried by many generations, or when an interesting fairy tale is read aloud to him? A deck of cards, a tin box with stickers, small cars or a jar of soap bubbles - all gifts are a snap for any of you. Children value them not by value, but by the pleasure that these things give them. And if you and your child can use them with benefit, it will be a good foundation for the future.

Finally

Remember

Remember your childhood - how you had fun then, how you had fun and what you laughed most of all.

The main goal of this book is precisely to teach adults to usefully and have fun spending time with children so that they will remember it with pleasure in the future. Rhythm modern life constantly causes stress or irritation in people, which has already become the most familiar emotion. But stress and irritation are not at all what a child can be happy about. But only happy children can make the world a better place.

Road spoon to dinner

The purpose of this book is to help parents, grandparents, and all people involved in raising children, make the most of the time spent with their children. And this “as useful as possible” does not at all mean improving the educational process. Many of the activities listed here are educational in nature and beneficial to child development, but the trick is not to make kids smarter, smarter, or to make them geeks. We wanted to help you organize a pleasant time with your child in situations that can seem dull and annoying, such as traffic jams, trips to the store, rainy days and days when the child is sick. Currently, few of the parents of preschoolers or younger students are constantly at home. And that's why they never have enough time. Fatigue builds up. It seems that our children only see us in the car, in the store, in the office or in the railway waiting room. We urge to become aware of these realities and turn them to the benefit of the child.

Give yourself to children

This world is hectic and hectic, but stop for a moment and breathe in the scent of roses. Give yourself to your children. They will be grateful to you for this all their lives. Use every free minute to be with your child. And it doesn't matter if there is some kind of entertainment for the baby or not, try to make the time spent with him as good as possible. Childhood flies by very quickly, even when weeks sometimes drag on indefinitely. We hope that when you have to remember this time, you can look back and say, "I did my best."

Most of the games in this book require only the parents' willingness and willingness to play and interact with their children. The main goal the book is to provide "recipes" for all occasions: wherever and when there is a need to occupy a child, you can always find a suitable game. Many of the things used for practice can be easily found among household belongings - pillows, sponges, children's toys, etc. But on the very day when you need something like drinking straws or cereals, they can not to be at hand. Therefore, we offer you a list of similar items used in games. They can be purchased or prepared in advance and stored in a separate box.

Watercolor paints

Linen elastic

English pins

Sticky note paper

Household paper

Kites

Paper plates and cups

Paper napkins

Water gun

Air balloons

Children's rake

Sponges, thin foam

Whiteboard

Thin-eye embroidery and sewing needles

with wide ears

Playing cards for children

Map of Russia

Cassette recorder

Painting brushes of various sizes

White liquid glue

Magnets

Tape cassettes

Small pasta of various shapes, including

alphabet letters

Color markers and felt-tip pens

Terry towels

Colored crayons of various thicknesses

Mini marshmallows

Hoop (hula hoop)

Bags and paper bags

Lollipop sticks

Wigs and hats

Food colorings

Plastic bottles and bowls of various shapes

Plastic tubes for condiments

Food tray, plastic

Round rubber bands

Washing rubber bands (erasers)

Drinking straws, plastic

Breakfast cereals of various shapes and sizes

Dry peas or beans

Tennis balls

Flashlights and batteries

Cookie cutters

Colored paper and cardboard

Colored peas or other similar candy

Stamps and stamp pads

The times of high-quality and reliable goods have sunk into oblivion. This is the sad conclusion that market analysts and sociologists come to almost all over the world. Plastics are replacing metal parts everywhere, and electrical and electronic components are becoming less durable. And here's the result: grandma's refrigerators, vacuum cleaners and washing machines worked for decades, while the current ones have a standard service life of 10 years. But very often the devices do not stand up to this either. And it becomes especially offensive when the device breaks down in the first days or months after purchase.

Nikolay Makarov, a lawyer of the Consumer Rights Protection Society, told us about all the intricacies of warranty obligations:

- If the device breaks down soon after purchase, no later than 15 days, then it can be exchanged or returned to the seller. This rule applies to technically complex products. The list of these goods is indicated in the list 575, approved by the government decree. The list includes, for example, cars, household appliances.

All other items can be exchanged or returned during the warranty period. If the warranty period has not been established, then the consumer must prove that the cause of the defects is a factory defect.

Here's what the Consumer Protection Law, Article 18 says about it:

“The consumer, in case of finding defects in the product, if they were not agreed by the seller, at his choice has the right:
demand replacement for goods of the same brand (of the same model and (or) article);
demand replacement for the same product of another brand (model, article) with a corresponding recalculation of the purchase price;
demand a commensurate reduction in the purchase price; demand immediate gratuitous elimination of defects in the goods or reimbursement of expenses for their correction by the consumer or a third party;
refuse to execute the contract of sale and demand the return of the amount paid for the goods. At the request of the seller and at his expense, the consumer must return the product with defects.
At the same time, the consumer has the right to demand also full compensation for losses caused to him as a result of the sale of goods of inadequate quality.
Losses are reimbursed within the time frame established by this Law to satisfy relevant requirements consumer ... "

But recently, some amendments were made to this law: if earlier the exchange of technically complex goods or a refund could only be required if there were significant deficiencies, now the buyer has the right to exchange the goods in case of any, even minor flaws. Complex goods can be exchanged within 15 days, the rest - during the entire warranty period.

If after purchasing the item you simply did not like it, then you still cannot return it. The consumer only has the right to exchange. The exchange of goods of good quality is described in detail in Article 25 of the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights:

"The consumer has the right to exchange non-food item of proper quality for a similar product from the seller from whom this product was purchased, if the specified product did not fit in shape, size, style, color, size or configuration ... "

Good quality non-food items can be changed within fourteen days, excluding the day of purchase. The exchange of a non-food product of good quality is carried out if the specified product was not in use, its presentation, consumer properties, seals, factory labels have been preserved. The exchange is also greatly simplified by the preserved sales receipt or cashier's receipt, or other document confirming payment for the specified product. The consumer has no product or cashier's check or any other document confirming payment for the goods, does not deprive him of the opportunity to refer to the testimony. In the event that the seller does not have such a product, the buyer has every reason to demand a refund.

If the purchase was made in an online store, then it can be returned within 7 days, regardless of the category of the product. This is stated in the first part of Article 26 of the Law.

If appearance the item was damaged when courier delivery from an online store, you should not accept such a product. The thing must be carefully inspected before you put a signature under the carefully printed "I have no complaints about appearance."

Refund practices are normal and should not be resisted by sellers. This is enshrined in the law in the same article 25:

Many sellers, when trying to exchange goods, send them for examination, even if the defect is visible immediately. This is not always legal. It is possible to send the goods for examination only if the goods are of inadequate quality, and a dispute arises as to who caused this defect.

The exchange of goods must occur within 30 days, the money must be returned within 10 days, then penalties in the form of a forfeit come into force - 1% of the price of the goods for each day of delay.

It is most convenient for the seller to declare claims in writing, by registered mail... You can also give it in person, but always on a signed receipt.

The exchange will be made within 30 days from the date of the claim. The seller is obliged to take the equipment out of the apartment and pay the costs of its transportation. But if the examination establishes that the thing broke down through the fault of the consumer, then he will be obliged to pay the seller's expenses for export and examination.

Job catalog.
Training and diagnostic tasks

Sorting Basic Simple first Complex first Most popular New first Old first

Return to the catalog of tasks
Version for printing and copying in MS Word

Subsequently, I found in the closet some unusual (1) manuscripts, bound (2) in volumes and writing (3) in Latin.

Here is the correct spelling.

Subsequently, I found in the closet some extraordinary manuscripts bound into volumes and written in Latin.

extraordinary - adj., traditional spelling

intertwined-communion owls. view;

written (how? with what?) - pr. with a dependent word.

Answer: 123

Relevance: Used since 2015

Difficulty: increased

14.1.1 Two HH in suffixes

If a:

note

Note:

If a:

perfect kind

bought, redeemed;

abandoned-abandoned.

Excited excited than? this message agitated

organized and educated

note

Add more words here:

forged, nibbled, chewed

wounded in battle wounded

That is, it answers the question what did you do with the item? .

stew (it was stewed) meat,

cropped (they were cut) hair,

boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,

broken (it was broken) the line

stained

BUT:

braised in the oven (it was stewed) meat,

recently cropped (they were cut) hair,

steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.

beefy beauty

and) : other.

b): smooth aboutdyed ( aboutpaint), fresh periCE CREAM ( perfreeze), etc.).

Rule:

1) on the issue

2) by value

3) by the presence of a dependent word

Brief participles	Short adjectives

For instance: calmly calm suffix H; slow slow HH; enthusiastically with NN, since in the sacrament enthusiastic NN.

1) on the issue

2) by value

3) by role in the proposal:

NN	H
captive (captive)	oilman (petroleum)
	hotel (living room)
exile (exiled)	windy (windy)
larch (deciduous)	confusion (confused)
pupil (brought up)	spice (spicy)
humanity (humane)	sandstone (sandy)
high ground (sublime)	smoked (smoked)

devotion (devotee)	peat bog (peat)

and many others.

	H *
	toiler / worker (from toil)
squad / nickname (from squad)	torment / enik (from torment)
raspberry / nick (raspberry)	powder / enitsa (from powder)
name day / nickname (name day)	birth / enitsa (to give birth)
cheating / nickname (cheating)	brother-in-law / e / nits / a
nephew	var / enik (to cook)
dowry / prostrate	BUT: dowry (from lend)
insomnia	uch / e / nickname
aspen / nick	unbroken / enik
ringing / beating	silver / nick

Note to the table

NN is also written in words traveler (from traveling), predecessor (precede)

Indicate all numbers in the place of which NN is written.

Okryle (1) the success of his poem, Guys published the collection "Steal the (2) th portfolio", which included a funny parody of Milton's poem "The loss of (3) th paradise". But still the most famous are his love elegies, which combine (4) irony and melancholy, grace and depth.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here is the correct spelling.

Inspired by the success of his poem, Guys published the collection "The Stolen Briefcase", which included a funny parody of Milton's poem "Paradise Lost". But still the most famous are his love elegies, in which irony and melancholy, grace and depth are combined.

In this sentence:

wINGED - a full participle formed from a perfect verb;

stolen - full participle formed from the perfect verb;

lOST - a full participle formed from a perfect verb;

cONNECTED - we write a short participle with N.

Answer: 123.

Answer: 123

Rule: Task 15. Spelling N and NN in words of different parts of speech

SPELLING -Н - / - НН- IN VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH.

Traditionally, it is the most difficult topic for students, since the reasonable spelling of H or HN is possible only with knowledge of morphological and word-formation laws. The material "Help" summarizes and systematizes all the rules of the topic H and HN from school textbooks and gives additional information from the reference books of V.V. Lopatin and D.E. Rosenthal to the extent that is necessary to complete the tasks of the exam.

14.1 Н and НН in abbreviated adjectives (formed from nouns).

14.1.1 Two HH in suffixes

NN is written in adjective suffixes, if a:

1) the adjective is formed from a noun with a base in H using the suffix H: fog + H → foggy; POCKET + N → POCKET, PAPER + N → PAPER

old (from antiquity + H), picture (from picture + H), deep (from depth + H), outlandish (from wild + H), remarkable (from dozen + H), true (from truth + H), corvée ( from corvee + H), communal (from community + H), long (from length + H)

note: the word "strange" in terms of modern language does not have the H suffix and is not related to the word "country". But NN can be historically explained: a person from a foreign country was considered a dissenter, a stranger, a stranger.

The spelling of the word "genuine" can also be explained etymologically: genuine in Ancient Rus was called the truth that the defendant said "under long-lengths" - special long sticks or whips.

2) the adjective is formed from the name of the noun by adding the suffix -ENN-, -OHN: cranberry (cranberry), revolutionary (revolution), triumphant (celebration).

Exception: windy (but: windless).

Note:

There are word-names adjectives in which H is part of the root. These words need to be remembered; they are not derived from nouns:

crimson, green, spicy, drunk, pork, reddish, ruddy, young.

14.1.2. Adjective suffixes are written H

Adjective suffixes are written H, if a:

1) the adjective has the suffix -IN- ( dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger). Words with this suffix often mean "whose": dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger.

2) the adjective has suffixes -АН-, -ЯН- ( sandy, leather, oat, earthy). Words with this suffix often mean "made of what": from sand, from leather, from oats, from earth.

Exceptions: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN.

14.2. Н and НН in the suffixes of words formed from verbs. Complete forms.

As you know, both participles and adjectives (\u003d verbal adjectives) can be formed from verbs. The rules for writing N and NN in these words are different.

14.2.1 НН in suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives

In the suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives, NN is written if AT LEAST ONE of the conditions is met:

1) the word is formed from a verb perfect kind, WITH A PRESET OR WITHOUT, for example:

from the verbs buy, redeem (what to do ?, perfect form): bought, redeemed;

from the verbs to throw, throw (what to do ?, perfect form): abandoned-abandoned.

The prefix does NOT change the form of the participle and does not affect the spelling of the suffix. Any other prefix makes the word perfect

2) the word has suffixes -ОВА-, -EVA- even in words imperfect (marinated, asphalted, automated).

3) with a word formed from a verb, there is a dependent word, that is, it forms a participial turnover, for example: ice cream in the fridge, boiled in broth).

NOTE: In cases where the full participle passes in a specific sentence in the name of the adjective, the spelling does not change. For instance: Excited with this message, the father spoke loudly and did not hold back his emotions. The highlighted word is a participle in a participle, excited than? this message... Change the sentence: His face was agitated, and there is no more participle, no turnover, because the person cannot be "agitated", and this is an adjective. In such cases, they talk about the transition of participles into adjectives, but this fact does not affect the spelling of NN.

More examples: The girl was very organized and educated... Here both words are adjectives. The girl was not "educated", and she was always brought up, these are constant signs. Let's change the sentences: We were in a hurry to a meeting organized by partners. Mom, raised in strictness, and raised us just as strictly... And now the highlighted words are participles.

In such cases, in the explanation for the task, we write: participle adjective or an adjective that has passed from a participle.

Exceptions: unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unintentional, slow, desperate, sacred, desired..

note the fact that the words counting (minutes), deeds (indifference)... These words are written by general rule.

Add more words here:

forged, nibbled, chewed eva / ova are part of the root, they are not suffixes to write HH. But when prefixes appear, they are written according to the general rule: chewed, horseshoe, chewed.

the wounded one is written N. Compare: wounded in battle (two H, because a dependent word has appeared); wounded, perfect view, there is a prefix).

it is difficult to determine the type of a word intelligent.

14.2. 2 One H in verbal adjectives

In the suffixes of verbal adjectives, H is written if:

the word is formed from the imperfective verb, that is, answers the question what did you do with the item? and with the word in the sentence there are no dependent words.

stew (it was stewed) meat,

cropped (they were cut) hair,

boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,

broken (it was broken) the line

stained(it was stained) oak (dark as a result of special processing),

BUT: as soon as these adjective words have a dependent word, they immediately pass into the category of participles and are written with two N.

braised in the oven (it was stewed) meat,

recently cropped (they were cut) hair,

steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.

DIFFER: participles (right) and adjectives (left) have different meanings! Stressed vowels are highlighted in capital letters.

named brother, named sister - a person who is not biologically related to this person, but who voluntarily agreed to a brotherly (sisterly) relationship. - the address I have named;

planted father (acting as the parent of the groom or bride in the wedding ceremony). - seated at the table;

the dowry (property given to the bride by her family for life in marriage) - a given chic look;

suzy (as the groom is called, from the word fate) - narrowed skirt, from the word Narrow, make it narrow)

Forgiven Sunday (religious holiday) - forgiven by me;

beefy beauty (epithet, phraseological unit) - oil painting.

14.2.3. Spelling N and NN in complex adjectives

As part of a complex word, the spelling of the verbal adjective does not change:

and) the first part is formed from imperfective verbs, which means we write H: plain dyed (dyed), hot rolled, homespun, multicolored, gold-woven (weave); one-piece cut), gold-colored (forge), low-wooded (ride), little-walked (walk), little-worn (wear), lightly salted (salt), finely crushed (crushed), freshly quenched (extinguished), frozen (freeze) other.

b) the second part of a complex word is formed from a prefixed perfective verb, which means we write НН: smooth aboutdyed ( aboutpaint), fresh periCE CREAM ( perfreeze), etc.).

In the second part of complex formations, H is written, although there is a prefix PERE-: iRONED-IRONED, LATTED-RAPPED, Worn-Worn-Worn, Washed-Washed, Shot-Shoot, Darn-Re-darned.

Thus, tasks can be performed according to the algorithm:

14.3. N and NN in short adjectives and short participles

Both participles and adjectives have not only full, but also short forms.

Rule: One N. is always written in short participles.

Rule: In short adjectives, as many H are written as in the full form.

But to apply the rules, you need distinguish between adjectives and participles.

DISTINCT short adjectives and participles:

1) on the issue: short adjectives - what is? what is? what are? what is it? what are ?, short participle - what is done? what has been done? what is done? what have been done?

2) by value (a short participle refers to an action, can be replaced with a verb; a short adjective gives a description of the word being defined, does not report the action);

3) by the presence of a dependent word(short adjectives do not and cannot have, short participles do).

Brief participles	Short adjectives
written (story) m. genus; what has been done? by whom?	boy educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?)
written (book) railroad; what has been done? by whom?	the girl is educated (what is it?) - from the full form educated (what?)
written (composition) Wed genus; what was done? by whom?	child educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?)
works written, pl. number; what have been done? by whom?	children are educated (what are?) -from the full form educated (what?)

14.4. One or two H can be written in adverbs.

In adverbs in -O / -E, as many H are written as there are in the original word , eg: calmly with one H, since in the adjective calm suffix H; slow with НН, since in the adjective slow HH; enthusiastically with NN, since in the sacrament enthusiastic NN.

Despite the seeming simplicity of this rule, there is a problem of distinguishing between adverbs, short participles and short adjectives. For example, in the word concentrate (N, NN) o it is impossible to choose one or another spelling WITHOUT knowing what this word is in a sentence or phrase.

DIFFERENCE short adjectives, short participles and adverbs.

1) on the issue: short adjectives - what is? what is? what are? what is it? what are ?, short participle - what is done? what has been done? what is done? what have been done? adverbs: how?

2) by value (a short participle refers to an action, can be replaced with a verb; a short adjective gives a description of the word being defined, does not report the action); an adverb denotes a sign of an action, how it happens)

3) by role in the proposal:(short adjectives and short participles are often predicates, while the adverb

refers to the verb and is a circumstance)

14.5. N and NN in nouns

1.In nouns (as in short adjectives and adverbs), as many H are written as in the adjectives (participles) from which they are formed:

NN	H
captive (captive)	oilman (petroleum)
education (educated)	hotel (living room)
exile (exiled)	windy (windy)
larch (deciduous)	confusion (confused)
pupil (brought up)	spice (spicy)
humanity (humane)	sandstone (sandy)
high ground (sublime)	smoked (smoked)
poise (balanced)	delicious ice cream (ice cream)
devotion (devotee)	peat bog (peat)

Words are also formed from adjectives

relative / ik from related, third-party / ik from third-party, like-minded / ik from like-minded, (malicious / ik, deliberate / ik), set / ik from set, drowned / ik from drowned, numerical / ik from numerical, national / ik from national) and many others.

2. Nouns can also be derived from verbs and other nouns.

It is written НН, one Н is included in the root, and the other in the suffix.	H *
fraud / nickname (from purse, which meant a bag, wallet)	toiler / worker (from toil)
squad / nickname (from squad)	torment / enik (from torment)
raspberry / nick (raspberry)	powder / enitsa (from powder)
name day / nickname (name day)	birth / enitsa (to give birth)
cheating / nickname (cheating)	brother-in-law / e / nits / a
nephew	var / enik (to cook)
dowry / prostrate	BUT: dowry (from lend)
insomnia	uch / e / nickname
aspen / nick	unbroken / enik
ringing / beating	silver / nick

Note to the table: * Words that are written with H and are not formed from adjectives (participles) in the Russian language are rare. They need to be learned by heart.

NN is also written in words traveler (from traveling), predecessor (precede)

Indicate all numbers in the place of which NN is written.

The Old Believers restrained (1) about conferred, and one of them, bending down, went to the stove and put a round loaf of bread, a piece of cooked meat (2), two onions and birch bark (3) on Yashkin's knees, made (4 ) th in the form of a pencil case.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here is the correct spelling.

The Old Believers conferred with restraint, and one of them, bending down, walked over to the stove and put a round loaf of bread, a piece of boiled meat, two onions and a birch bark basket with salt, made in the form of a pencil case, on Yashkin's lap.

In this sentence:

restrained - HOW? an adverb formed from the participle CONTENT (perfect);

vareNogo - a verbal adjective without a prefix and dependent words;

birch bark - an adjective formed from the noun BERESTA using the suffix -YAN-;

done - a participle formed from the perfect verb to DO.

Answer: 14.

Answer: 14 | 41

Rule: Task 15. Spelling N and NN in words of different parts of speech

SPELLING -Н - / - НН- IN VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH.

Traditionally, it is the most difficult topic for students, since the reasonable spelling of H or HH is possible only with knowledge of morphological and word-formation laws. The "Help" material summarizes and systematizes all the rules of the topic N and NN from school textbooks and provides additional information from the reference books of V.V. Lopatin and D.E. Rosenthal to the extent that is necessary to complete the tasks of the exam.

14.1 Н and НН in abbreviated adjectives (formed from nouns).

14.1.1 Two HH in suffixes

NN is written in adjective suffixes, if a:

1) the adjective is formed from a noun with a base in H using the suffix H: fog + H → foggy; POCKET + N → POCKET, PAPER + N → PAPER

note: the word "strange" from the point of view of the modern language does not have the H suffix and is not related to the word "country". But NN can be historically explained: a person from a foreign country was considered a dissenter, a stranger, an outsider.

Etymologically, the spelling of the word "genuine" can also be explained: true in Ancient Russia was the truth that the defendant said "under long-lengths" - with special long sticks or whips.

2) the adjective is formed from the name of the noun by adding the suffix -ENN-, -OHN: cranberry (cranberry), revolutionary (revolution), triumphant (celebration).

Exception: windy (but: windless).

Note:

There are word-names adjectives in which H is part of the root. These words need to be remembered; they are not derived from nouns:

crimson, green, spicy, drunk, pork, reddish, ruddy, young.

14.1.2. Adjective suffixes are written H

Adjective suffixes are written H, if a:

1) the adjective has the suffix -IN- ( dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger). Words with this suffix often mean "whose": dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger.

2) the adjective has suffixes -АН-, -ЯН- ( sandy, leather, oat, earthy). Words with this suffix often mean "made of what": from sand, from leather, from oats, from earth.

Exceptions: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN.

14.2. Н and НН in the suffixes of words formed from verbs. Complete forms.

As you know, both participles and adjectives (\u003d verbal adjectives) can be formed from verbs. The rules for writing N and NN in these words are different.

14.2.1 НН in suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives

In the suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives, NN is written if AT LEAST ONE of the conditions is met:

1) the word is formed from a verb perfect kind, WITH A PRESET OR WITHOUT, for example:

from the verbs buy, redeem (what to do ?, perfect form): bought, redeemed;

from the verbs to throw, throw (what to do ?, perfect form): abandoned-abandoned.

The prefix does NOT change the form of the participle and does not affect the spelling of the suffix. Any other prefix makes the word perfect

2) the word has suffixes -ОВА-, -EVA- even in imperfect words ( marinated, asphalted, automated).

3) with a word formed from a verb, there is a dependent word, that is, it forms a participial turnover, for example: ice cream in the fridge, boiled in broth).

In such cases, in the explanation for the task, we write: participle adjective or an adjective that has passed from a participle.

Exceptions: unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unintentional, slow, desperate, sacred, desired..

note the fact that the words counting (minutes), deeds (indifference)... These words are written according to the general rule.

Add more words here:

forged, nibbled, chewed eva / ova are part of the root, they are not suffixes to write HH. But when prefixes appear, they are written according to the general rule: chewed, horseshoe, chewed.

the wounded one is written N. Compare: wounded in battle (two H, because a dependent word has appeared); wounded, perfect view, there is a prefix).

it is difficult to determine the type of a word intelligent.

14.2. 2 One H in verbal adjectives

In the suffixes of verbal adjectives, H is written if:

the word is formed from the imperfective verb, that is, answers the question what did you do with the item? and with the word in the sentence there are no dependent words.

stew (it was stewed) meat,

cropped (they were cut) hair,

boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,

broken (it was broken) the line

stained(it was stained) oak (dark as a result of special processing),

BUT: as soon as these adjective words have a dependent word, they immediately pass into the category of participles and are written with two N.

braised in the oven (it was stewed) meat,

recently cropped (they were cut) hair,

steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.

DIFFER: participles (right) and adjectives (left) have different meanings! Stressed vowels are highlighted in capital letters.

named brother, named sister - a person who is not biologically related to this person, but who voluntarily agreed to a brotherly (sisterly) relationship. - the address I have named;

planted father (acting as the parent of the groom or bride in the wedding ceremony). - seated at the table;

the dowry (property given to the bride by her family for life in marriage) - a given chic look;

suzy (as the groom is called, from the word fate) - narrowed skirt, from the word Narrow, make it narrow)

Forgiven Sunday (religious holiday) - forgiven by me;

beefy beauty (epithet, phraseological unit) - oil painting.

14.2.3. Spelling N and NN in complex adjectives

As part of a complex word, the spelling of the verbal adjective does not change:

b) the second part of a complex word is formed from a prefixed perfective verb, which means we write НН: smooth aboutdyed ( aboutpaint), fresh periCE CREAM ( perfreeze), etc.).

In the second part of complex formations, H is written, although there is a prefix PERE-: iRONED-IRONED, LATTED-RAPPED, Worn-Worn-Worn, Washed-Washed, Shot-Shoot, Darn-Re-darned.

Thus, tasks can be performed according to the algorithm:

14.3. N and NN in short adjectives and short participles

Both participles and adjectives have not only full, but also short forms.

Rule: One N. is always written in short participles.

Rule: In short adjectives, as many H are written as in the full form.

But to apply the rules, you need distinguish between adjectives and participles.

DISTINCT short adjectives and participles:

1) on the issue: short adjectives - what is? what is? what are? what is it? what are ?, short participle - what is done? what has been done? what is done? what have been done?

2) by value (a short participle refers to an action, can be replaced with a verb; a short adjective gives a description of the word being defined, does not report the action);

3) by the presence of a dependent word(short adjectives do not and cannot have, short participles do).

Brief participles	Short adjectives
written (story) m. genus; what has been done? by whom?	boy educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?)
written (book) railroad; what has been done? by whom?	the girl is educated (what is it?) - from the full form educated (what?)
written (composition) Wed genus; what was done? by whom?	child educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?)
works written, pl. number; what have been done? by whom?	children are educated (what are?) -from the full form educated (what?)

14.4. One or two H can be written in adverbs.

In adverbs in -O / -E, as many H are written as there are in the original word, eg: calmly with one H, since in the adjective calm suffix H; slow with НН, since in the adjective slow HH; enthusiastically with NN, since in the sacrament enthusiastic NN.

DIFFERENCE short adjectives, short participles and adverbs.

1) on the issue: short adjectives - what is? what is? what are? what is it? what are ?, short participle - what is done? what has been done? what is done? what have been done? adverbs: how?

3) by role in the proposal:(short adjectives and short participles are often predicates, while the adverb

refers to the verb and is a circumstance)

14.5. N and NN in nouns

1.In nouns (as in short adjectives and adverbs), as many H are written as in the adjectives (participles) from which they are formed:

NN	H
captive (captive)	oilman (petroleum)
education (educated)	hotel (living room)
exile (exiled)	windy (windy)
larch (deciduous)	confusion (confused)
pupil (brought up)	spice (spicy)
humanity (humane)	sandstone (sandy)
high ground (sublime)	smoked (smoked)
poise (balanced)	delicious ice cream (ice cream)
devotion (devotee)	peat bog (peat)

Words are also formed from adjectives

2. Nouns can also be derived from verbs and other nouns.

It is written НН, one Н is included in the root, and the other in the suffix.	H *
fraud / nickname (from purse, which meant a bag, wallet)	toiler / worker (from toil)
squad / nickname (from squad)	torment / enik (from torment)
raspberry / nick (raspberry)	powder / enitsa (from powder)
name day / nickname (name day)	birth / enitsa (to give birth)
cheating / nickname (cheating)	brother-in-law / e / nits / a
nephew	var / enik (to cook)
dowry / prostrate	BUT: dowry (from lend)
insomnia	uch / e / nickname
aspen / nick	unbroken / enik
ringing / beating	silver / nick

Note to the table: * Words that are written with H and are not formed from adjectives (participles) in the Russian language are rare. They need to be learned by heart.

NN is also written in words traveler (from traveling), predecessor (precede)

Indicate all numbers in the place of which NN is written.

Indicate the numbers in ascending order.

The originality of the art of (1) the th world of ra (2) their stories N.V. Gogol is connected (3) with the use of folklore traditions: in folk tales, semi-pagan legends and traditions, the writer found themes and plots for his works.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here is the correct spelling.

The originality of the artistic world of early stories by N.V. Gogol is associated with the use of folklore traditions: names in folk tales, semi-pagan legends and traditions, the writer found themes and plots for his works.

In this sentence:

artistryNNOGO - an adjective formed with the suffix -ENN

wounded - the adjective is formed from the stem -ran- using the suffix -Н-.

connected - in a short participle we write N.

nAME - as much N is written as in the word from which it is formed (nominal).

Answer: 124.

Answer: 124

Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam-2015 in Russian.