What is the pattern on the fabric. The easiest way how to transfer any image to fabric or wood. The history of the appearance of the batik technique

You will need

inkjet printer, specialty tissue paper, large newspaper sheet to protect the work surface, fabric paints, palette, painting sponge or brushes, sturdy cardboard, stencil, hoop.

Instructions

Before applying the pattern, the fabric (clothes) must be washed and ironed with an iron so that the paints are well absorbed and the sticker adheres well.

In order to apply using thermal printing, find a suitable image or create it yourself using the graphic editors Adobe Photoshop or Corel Draw. Use the Preview feature to get a better understanding of how your drawing will look. Print the image on an inkjet printer on a special film - TTS for white or OBM for dark and color.

Carefully trim off any excess around the pattern with scissors. Remove excess thermal film with a needle. Apply the design with thermal film to the fabric, cover with gauze or a thin cloth and iron with an iron for about 15 seconds. Remove the film.

To make the image on the fabric, lay it on a work surface so as not to stain it with paints. Unfold the fabric. If it's clothing, place heavy cardboard inside to prevent paint seeping and staining the other side. Secure the product to the work surface with tape.

Place a stencil on the fabric, secure it with safety pins or tape. Carefully study the instructions that come with the paints. Use a palette if required. Draw paint on a sponge or brush and carefully trace the contours of the stencil. If you have spray paints in cans, it is better to protect the fabric around the stencil with a newspaper. After applying the pattern, carefully remove the stencil. Do not remove the cardboard until the paint is completely dry. Perhaps you are using paints that are cured with a hot iron - in this case, follow the instructions.

There is a way to apply a pattern to fabric using a hoop. Transfer the design to the fabric using white transfer paper or felt-tip pens. Hoop the fabric and paint it white around the design to create a solid base. When the backing dries, color in the drawing - first dark shades, then light ones. After a day, after complete drying, iron the fabric from the wrong side with an iron to secure the pattern.

Now painting on fabric has become a popular hobby. This is a real art, thanks to which you can add originality and beauty to clothes, shoes, textiles and other products. It is best to make drawings with acrylic paints - they are of the highest quality and allow you to get the perfect result. There are different painting techniques with which needlewomen should familiarize themselves.

Properties and features of acrylic dyes

Acrylic for painting is one of the types, a polymer composition that does not penetrate into the fibers, but covers them from the outside. Acrylic colors are available in a wide range of colors, easily mix with each other, allowing you to get unique shades. Since this coloring is not afraid of moisture, it can be done even on jackets, raincoats, raincoats, not to mention jeans, scarves, bags, T-shirts. Hand painting with acrylic looks great on tablecloths, panels. It is not recommended to paint at home on these types of things:

underwear - there is a risk of allergies;
bed linen - due to frequent washing, it quickly sheds;
products subject to dry cleaning - due to possible damage to the pattern;
things for children younger agevisiting kindergarten - there is a high risk of allergies in babies.

Acrylic is perfect for beginners. Finished canvases dry quickly, and the price of paints is low - there is an opportunity to experiment. Other properties of acrylic dyes are as follows:

there are no harmful chemical substances - plant or artificial resins, pigments, water, plasticizers, binders for uniform consistency are present here;
the texture of the paint resembles the tempera used to paint icons, but it dries much faster and creates a protective film on the surface (the latter is so strong that things can be washed in washing machine, roll up, store for a long time);
after applying paint to the fabric, its fibers become denser, but this area of \u200b\u200bthe fabric loses its elasticity;
over time, the quality of acrylic deteriorates, so paint should only be used during the normal shelf life.

Acrylic colors are diluted with water, but experts prefer the use of special solvents. Such substances help to make images glossy, and when water is injected, the picture will become dull. To fix the paints, it is better to use dry heat - pass over the fabric with an iron. You can buy colors in art stores, there is also optional equipment (brushes, palettes, templates, stencils).

Suitable fabric

Do-it-yourself colors are easy to do. It is important to choose the right fabric for this, so that it matches the type of dye. The choice of matter also depends on the technique of painting things. Thus, hot batik involves the use of natural fabrics - cotton, flax, wool, viscose, denim. This method allows you to paint over only such fibers, and the artificial ones will remain in their original color. Therefore, it is not recommended to use mixed materials.

Silk marking on paint

If there is such a designation on the color scheme, then an increase in the rigidity of the fabric is not noted, therefore the tool is suitable even for thin matter. You can use similar dyes for silk, chiffon, cambric. Most of these fabrics respond well to the cold batik technique.

"Textile" sign on paint

These colors are suitable for hard, dense fabrics - suede, leather, furniture fabrics. For dark textiles, select dyes with the appropriate mark.

Types of painting with acrylic paints

Only a clean cloth or thing should be dyed, therefore it is washed before starting work, then thoroughly dried and ironed. In some painting techniques, it is required to stretch the material onto a special frame (for needlewomen it is called a hoop), although you can make any convenient device yourself. The fabric for work is laid out in a well-lit place, while the dyeing area should be in the center.

Hot batik

For hot dyeing used to be natural dyes - Indian henna, tea, turmeric and even potassium permanganate, but now there are many more persistent, high-quality colors on sale. For hot batik, melted wax is used to produce structured images with different color combinations.

The meaning of the technique is that after removing the wax, a lighter or darker pattern remains, or even a white picture. To apply wax, chanting is used - a tool that applies original wax drawings. It looks like a small vessel with several spouts and a handle.

For hot batik, first prepare a wax mixture. It is sold ready-made or made with your own hands from pine resin, paraffin, beeswax, fat, dammar resin. For beginners, it is recommended to first try applying melted wax from a regular candle to the fabric to practice.

The procedure is as follows:

prepare a draft drawing - draw a picture on paper or print it on a printer;
transfer the drawing to the fabric by any in a convenient way (point technique, through tracing paper, carbon paper, etc.);
places of the drawing that must be left unpainted, grease with hot wax, let it dry completely (the stain should be transparent and dark, but not white and matte);
pour the dye solution on the fabric, hold for the right time;
remove wax;
if necessary, cover the already painted areas with new wax, and paint the light spot with a different color;
repeat the cycle until the desired combinations are obtained (up to black).

Remove wax using paper and an iron, heating the cloth and gently separating the substance. This technique is laborious, so it is better to first watch the master class on the Internet.

The difference between this technique and the "hot" one is that instead of wax, a special substance is used that does not allow color to pass through. The second name for cold batik is reservation, and the trains are called reservation.

First, the drawing is outlined with this substance, then other areas of the fabric are painted over with paint. Contours prevent dyes from flowing into the image. After the fabric has completely dried, the reserve composition is removed. As a result, contrast (vital) staining is provided. The easiest way is to tint products using this technique using ready-made stencils.

Knot batik

You can paint the fabric in nodular technique, the result is unexpected effects and original patterns. They are formed thanks to small nodules that stain unevenly. Beginner needlewomen and artists are recommended to use this type of batik. Dresses, tablecloths, napkins, T-shirts are especially successful.

The procedure is as follows:

make a free painting on the background (if required);
dry the thing, spread pebbles on it, tie them with threads in knots (according to the idea);
twist the entire fabric tightly on 2 sides, fold in 2-3 layers, tie it with threads again;
put in a container with paint, withstand the right time;
get, dry the product.

Shibori technique

This method is a kind of knotted batik. The only difference is that the fabric is folded in a certain way, reminiscent of origami. The technique also involves the use of additional effects - sprinkling with salt, spraying alcohol.

Free painting

The technique resembles the usual painting of fabric with watercolors or gouache. On matter, as a result, a real picture or individual drawings, details can be obtained. Here the artist's talent is fully manifested, because it will not work to make a painting according to a template. To prevent the paint from flowing, the fabric is pre-soaked in a saline solution for 2-3 hours. For the successful prescription of shades, the use of reserve compositions is allowed. If they are not there, it is better to prime the fabric in advance:

mix equally gelatin, PVA, starch;
apply to fabric with a brush;
dry, but not completely;
get to work.

Variety free painting the painting is raw. It gives the effect of flowing one color into another, gives a feeling of airiness. Drawing is carried out on a wet fabric without the use of stencil techniques (no templates). You can not only paint with a brush, but also blow paint through a cocktail straw, then giving the drops the desired shape.

Painting with an airbrush

For this method of staining, you will need a device for spraying paint - an airbrush. By changing the angle of application, you can get a variety of shades. To use airbrushing, you need to have certain artistic skills.

The history of the appearance of the batik technique

Batik is several hundred years old. Over time, the technique became more complicated, improved and in different countries had its own characteristics. Indonesia is considered the birthplace of batik, but the first description of the method was made in Holland in the 17th century. Very ancient samples of fabric were found in Egypt - they were made around the 5th century. In ancient times, batik was widespread in Japan, China and other Asian countries, and in the Middle Ages it became incredibly popular with European artists.

Acrylic prints - execution

The most reliable method of creating an original item is painting with acrylic colors. You can use a variety of paint application methods.

Copying a pattern from paper

In this case, you do not need to be an artist to create masterpieces. It is enough to be neat to clearly trace the pattern on the fabric. It is printed on a printer, making the contours bold, dark (otherwise they will not be visible through the fabric). Next, the thing is pulled on a cardboard or plywood sheet, an embossed pattern is placed between the layers, fixed with pins, and the drawing is circled with a simple pencil or a special marker for matter. Then you can start drawing the image with paints.

Freehand drawing on fabric

If you have artistic ability and imagination, you can make a drawing without a template, by hand. Professionals work directly with paints, it is better for a beginner to first draw outlines with a simple pencil. Especially good this wayif some lightness, negligence in the picture is assumed.

Stenciling

Stencils are sold in large quantities in specialized stores. It is very convenient to use this technique if you need to copy the same drawing many times (form for a team, napkins, etc.). The stencil is applied to the fabric, fixed with pins, paper clips and outlined with paints.

Screen printing

It is used to create complex drawings, multi-color images. The method involves the use of special ink and nets for screen printing, a roller and other tools are also required. It is better to give the product to a workshop, where all work will be done with high quality.

In order for a painting on a fabric basis to be excellent, it is worth observing a number important tips and recommendations:

purchase only high-quality paints in specialized stores (too cheap colors can be fake);
pay attention to the expiration date - it should be normal;
get acquainted with the composition of paints - if they are good, then they do not contain toxic components, heavy metals, there is no unpleasant smell;
before painting a large canvas, make a color test in a small area, evaluate the work after the paint has completely dried;
for work, use brushes with synthetic bristles, rollers, sponges;
apply each new layer after the previous one has dried;
in a day, fix the drawing with an iron - iron it for at least 5 minutes;
high-quality products do not blur on matter, are persistent, do not collapse from water after solidification.

For washing, use only non-aggressive surfactants and water with a temperature of up to 35-40 degrees. It is strictly forbidden to use bleaches, which destroy the paint. It is better to wash small products by hand, do not wring out, do not twist them, but carefully hang them on the back of a chair for drying.

Large items are machine washed, including the delicate cycle. Subject to these simple rules, clothes or other products will last a long time without losing color and quality.

Most people seek to reflect their individuality in their appearance, especially in clothes. This mainly applies to women who follow fashion. One way to do this is by drawing on fabric, a type of decor that hasn't lost its popularity for millennia.

What can be the pattern on the fabric

In addition to manually applying a pattern to fabric - a time-tested method that allows you to create unique, high-quality things in a single copy - modern industry also offers machine options (from printing to embroidery in various techniques). The second method is cheaper, but not suitable for the production of products in small quantities.

Printed pattern on fabric very popular in India, from where it was later borrowed by Europeans. Until the 18th century, it was applied only by hand, but then mechanical printing machines were invented, consisting of a cylinder-shaped shaft and copper plates on which a pattern was engraved.

In principle, you can make such a drawing on your own at home, but you have to tinker and be patient. First, you will need to carve a relief pattern on a wooden board. Then paint it with a roller and press the fabric against it. The main problem with this method is the use of short-lived paints, which quickly fade from washing and sunlight.

Pattern on fabric with embroidery is a traditional type of needlework among the Slavic and some other peoples. Initially, the embroidered drawings were not just an element of decor, but amulets - sacred symbols that were supposed to bring good luck and protect their owner from evil. They were embroidered on clothes and household textiles with silk or cotton threads. Modern embroidery also uses beads, beads, metal fittings and other decorative elements that add volume to the picture. Anyone who wants to embroider a pattern on fabric will be able to find the necessary materials and patterns in sewing accessories stores without any problems.

Reading time: 7 minutes

Russian sarafan, Indian sari, Japanese kimono. Each of these works of art brings together a mysterious, distant, subtle artistic craft - painting on fabric fibers. Different eras, countries offered their own vision of drawing on fabrics. Batik, kalamkari, mehendi - techniques for drawing a picture on a canvas, creating artistic masterpieces on it ..

Since ancient times, people have been worried about the question: how to make a drawing on fabric? For the first time the technique of hand painting on textiles appeared many years ago on the territory of the mighty and perfect Indonesia. Batik is an ancient art, it was worshiped then and is appreciated today. Modernity associates and invests in this concept several meanings: both the technology of hand painting on fabric, and one of the types of classic Indonesian paintings.

In its development, batik technology has undergone many transformations, it is being improved and complicated today in different parts of the world, but in the minds of most connoisseurs of luxurious textiles, the fact remains that batik is associated precisely with the islands of Indonesia. The manufacturability of the process differs significantly from the original recipes. Two substances remain unchanged - wax and water.

Batik - A drop of wax

Batik ... Why was this name given to the art of painting on fabric? You should refer to the translation, which reveals all the secrets of the magic word. "Drop of wax" is an exact translation of the word from the Indonesian language, which describes the essence of the process of the ancient craft.

The wax applied to the fabric blocks the channels of the applied paint (does not pass them through). It is due to this property of melted and hot paraffin that certain areas are uncolored on the canvases obtained after dyeing textile cloths. Remaining clean (unpainted), they form the necessary pattern, ornament. Simple, interesting, inexpensive, and most importantly, open to creativity and original ideas the principle of reservation of fabric bases - batik - became an incredibly popular type of needlework already in those days.

Patterned fabric

This technology is believed to be compatible only with fabrics made from natural silk:

But, as practice shows, drawings on cotton fibers look no less interesting and organic:

The process of drawing a pattern on a silk base

Modern technology is based on the use of a reserve solution consisting of glue (rubber is considered the most suitable), paraffin and solvent (you can use available gasoline) as a solution that blocks the ingress of paint on silk or cotton fabric.
The resulting solution is used to process the outline of the pattern on silk. Remember that the drawing must have a closed line. To do this, some craftsmen use a pattern on the fabric through a stencil.
carried out using special glass tubes.
Places of the drawing that do not go beyond the processed contour are covered with paints.
The colors for creating a picture can be of a wide variety of colors, tones and shades.
If the algorithm for drawing the pattern was carried out sequentially, then on silk or cotton you can see a multi-colored pattern with a white outline.

If pigments are added to the reserve solution, ornaments with a colored outline can be obtained.
The applied pattern should dry.
At the bottom of a container with water (there should be a little water), place a textile with a pattern, having previously wrapped it in paper and rolled into a ring.
The drawing is boiled for a quarter of an hour.
The paints are fixed to the textile fabric. They turn out to be rich.
After this procedure, the painting is resistant to color loss and moisture.
A silk fabric with a pattern is taken out of the pan and washed under running cold water until the dye disappears from the canvas.
The product is dried and ironed (only while the fabric is wet)

Drawing with stamps

The experience of Indonesian artisans quickly spread around the world. In India, painting masters have also discovered the colossal possibilities of the Kalamkari technology. This is how the Indian creators of painting on fabric called the previously known "batik".

Fabric derived from applications this method coloring, differs from others in its ability to "amaze" the human eye, "inspire" the mind with the splendor, richness and originality of the decor, multicolor, saturation and brightness of colors.

Initially, artisans used to paint on fabric with special bamboo pens, which were previously filled with organic dyes. With quick movements of his hand, the master created only the outlines of the future Indian pattern. For the outline, the classic black color was mainly used, but the pattern itself was decorated using traditional paint colors.

Kalamkari is an improved batik. A few years later, the process of decorating (dyeing) textile fabrics is carried out using special-purpose wooden stamps. The outline of the future pattern is born on the fabric, which was then painted by the master using a pen and the subtlety of application. The fineness of the drawing process depended on the quality of the wood used to produce the stamps. Thoroughbred cellulose was considered quite valuable.

The cost of "kalamkari" depends on many factors: the size, the beauty of the pattern, the art of carving.

The modern sound of the technology based on the difficulty of dye access to the fabric is very diverse. or the Indian "kalamkari" - different names for the same technique.

Production technology

Drawing on a fabric in black colors. For this, stamps are manually applied to the textile fabric. The number of such attachments reaches dozens of times.

After the black patterns on the fabric have dried, they are “painted” with stamps. To make the ornament look holistic and neat, the main lines of the pattern should be observed. For coloring, it is recommended to use classic tones and shades.

Textiles are the basis for the technique

Given the fact that the technology is more than one century old, it can be assumed that natural fabrics were used to create textile masterpieces.

cotton;
linen.

The use of synthetic fabrics for dyeing is not prohibited, but it is recommended to carry out a test for compatibility of paints and fabrics.

Lacheria

India is the mother of art and the daughter of beauty. She gave humanity one more, no less interesting technology - "lacheria", which to this day is a real work of art.

The essence of the method lies in simple actions:

the fabric is twisted with a tourniquet, and then tightly fix (wrap) those places on the canvas where it is planned to create stripes;
the resulting structure is dipped in paint;

As a result of the technological process of "lacheria", unpainted areas of the fabric remain in the places closed with the help of the twisting of a cord, and the pattern is unusually beautiful.

The end result of the technology is a “ripple effect” that is periodically located on the canvas like waves.

Mehendi - cultural heritage of India

Painting the body with patterns of their henna is called the "mehendi" technique. But very often this technique used for dyeing fabrics. The only limitation is that dyed textiles should not have contact with moisture, since henna is an unstable plant pigment.

Therefore, this technology is perfect for creating Indian panels, home decorations, elements of celebrations and ceremonies.

Historically, the mehendi technique can be performed in four styles:

Arabic (there is no clear drawing scheme, predominantly floral ornaments prevail);
African (using ethno-patterns. The most popular elements of Afro-patterns are geometric shapes;
Indian style is one of the most difficult. It always occupies a large territory and involves a complex drawing, which is often based on an elephant or Indian symbols of fertility;
European. Innovative approaches to the formation of the pattern combine a variety of oriental elements into one whole.

The most popular is the floral print (it has no restrictions on application and specially designed patterns). It can be an element of oriental painting or a pattern that resembles Arabic embroidery.

Secrets of the mehendi technique:

successful painting "mehendi" directly depends on a properly prepared mixture for drawing;
the main component of the coloring solution is henna (an affordable tool). Basma or iodine solution can be an alternative to henna.

In most cases, "mehendi" is used as a means of decorating the body, but there is no limit to perfection when natural fabrics take on the elements of patterns from technology.

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The life of a modern person is firmly connected with the diverse and colorful world of fabrics. We select clothes, interior items and upholstered furniture to our taste, their design and color scheme are like an external continuation of our "I". Fashionable, stylish clothes or interior decoration of an apartment is not only a way of a person's self-expression, a comfortable living environment, but also a kind of "message" about his personality to other people. Our tastes cannot always be satisfied finished products from the store. In this case, special paints for fabrics come to the aid of a person. Modern coloring products allow you to realize your wildest fantasies.

Hand-made drawing on fabric has long ceased to be exotic. Often, for dyeing fabrics, aqueous solutions of dyes are used with the use of a variety of chemicals, heat treatment, etc. However, at home, this is not always convenient. We believe that the most optimal solution for doing fabric dyeing at home, especially for beginners, but who want to try their hand at this type of creativity, is the use of indelible acrylic-based dyes that have ease of use, bright, rich colors and excellent resistance to fading. Combining fabric dyes such as spray acrylic paint, water-based spray paint, contour liners, fabric pastels, coloring, can help create a truly interesting, fashionable design for your clothes, interior items or upholstered furniture. A creative approach will help you to make a real masterpiece of creativity from a faded T-shirt or an ottoman that has lost its original appearance.

How to draw a drawing on a T-shirt?

In the first part of our article, we will tell you how, using the simplest tools and fabric paints, and even without special skills, you can fantastically change your clothes, giving them a unique, individual style!

Consider the process of applying a pattern to fabric with aerosol dyes using the example of a regular T-shirt of a uniform color. We will tell you how to give an interesting texture to the fabric of a T-shirt using the so-called "knot technique", and how to apply an original pattern on it using a stencil. Note that these two ways of working with fabric can be used both separately and perfectly combined with each other.
The T-shirt can be new or used, it is only important that it is made of natural textiles (cotton, silk, etc.) or, in the case of mixed fabrics, include no more than 20% synthetics in its composition. We recommend washing a new T-shirt before dyeing to remove any softening additives.

What do you need to dye a T-shirt at home?

Step_3 Lay the T-shirt horizontally on a flat surface. Carefully cover the area around the painting with old newspapers or a special covering film, fix the covering material with masking tape.

Step_4 Carefully attach the stencil to the T-shirt using double-sided tape or spray glue for temporary fixing. Try to ensure that the stencil adheres to the fabric as closely as possible. Note that it is the aerosol glue that ensures the maximum adhesion.

Step_5 Before starting work, shake the paint well in an aerosol can; shake it for at least 30 seconds. Apply spray paint in a smooth, circular motion. For better coloring of the material, it is advisable to apply the paint at least 2 times, letting the previous layer dry for 10 minutes.

Step_7 As well as in the "nodular technique", on a drawing created with a stencil, you can apply patterns, ornaments or inscriptions in the form of clear, dense lines using colored liners containing a water-based textile paint.

Now that you've learned the basics of working with fabric dyes at home with a simple T-shirt, you can start experimenting with your clothes to give them an unusual, festive look. We are sure that your imagination multiplied by the almost limitless possibilities of the multicolor palette of fabrics will surely create interesting examples of creative thought.

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