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SOCIAL SPHERE Main questions of the exam

Codifier issues Social relations Social stratification and mobility Social groups Youth as a social group Ethnic communities Interethnic relations, ethnosocial conflicts, ways to resolve them Constitutional principles (foundations) of national policy in the Russian Federation Social conflict Types of social norms Freedom and responsibility Deviant behavior and its types Social role Socialization individual Family and marriage

Sociology is the science of society The term was introduced by Auguste Comte (1798-1857), a French philosopher. The concept of "sociology" is derived from two words: Latin soci (etas) - society and Greek logos - word, doctrine. Hence sociology is the science of society by Auguste Comte (1798-1857)

Basic concepts Social groups Differentiation Stratification Social institution and their types Social mobility and its types Social descent Social ascent Marginal Lumpen Social elevators Social status Social role Socialization Social control Social norms Deviant behavior Social interaction Cooperation Rivalry Social conflict (stages) Ethnicity Nation Interethnic relations Interethnic conflicts National Politics Demographics Family as social institution Family functions

Social structure of society - the structure of society as a whole, the system of connections between the main elements Individual Social groups (communities) Social institution A really existing set of people, characterized by common features Specific public educationcreated to meet the most important needs of human society. Individual (Greek "atom" - indivisible) - the term characterizes a person as one of the people

Types of social institutions Economic (needs for material goods) Political (state, parties, law, movements) Family institution (marriage, kinship, etc.) Cultural (science, education, culture, religion)

Theory of stratification Pitirim Sorokin - American sociologist Differentiation is the division of society into groups characterized by different characteristics. There is no subordination between them. Stratification - a set of social strata arranged in a hierarchical order \u003d distribution of social groups Inequality scale

Criteria for the allocation of strata - income - power - education - prestige

Types of stratification Economic is expressed in the difference in income, standard of living, in the existence of rich, middle and poor strata of the population Professional involves the allocation of different groups in society by the nature of their activities and occupations Political involves the division of society into managers and governed, political leaders and the mass

Social mobility is the transition of people from one social group to another Horizontal transition of a person to a group located at the same level as the previous one. Vertical movement from one level of the hierarchy (stairs) to another. It is possible to make both a social ascent and a descent - descending and ascending mobility individual group

The way people move from one group to another is called the "social lift". Army School Church Channels social mobility

Marginalis (marginalis- located on the edge, on the border) are social groups that occupy an intermediate position between stable communities. Lumpen (German lumpen - rags) are people who have sunk to the bottom of society.

Social status of a person Social status is a person's position in society, occupied by him as a representative of a certain social group and includes a certain set of rights and obligations. Social status depends on: - age, - sex, - origin, - profession, - marital status.

The social status of the individual the prescribed status the achieved status does not depend on the person, it is given from birth (gender, race, age) it is provided by the family depends on the personality, who the person becomes (education, profession) is acquired

Prestige and authority assessment by society or a social group of the social significance of certain positions held by people is associated with social status prestigious profession can be, the type of activity indicates the degree of recognition of personal or business qualities a person by society or a group of people is associated with a personal status authoritative can be a certain, specific person

The social role of the individual The social role is the expectation and prescription of behavior appropriate this status The set of roles that a person performs is called a role set. And the set of statuses is a status set

Socialization and adaptation The process of assimilation by an individual of patterns of behavior, social roles, norms and spiritual values

Socialization and adaptation Social adaptation is the process of adaptation of a person to a changing social environment using various social means

Socialization and its levels 1 2 Primary - occurs in small groups: family, peers, teachers Secondary - occurs at the level of large social groups: institutions, army, state Primary socialization agents Secondary socialization agents Agents are people responsible for the transfer of cultural experience

Social control is the mechanism of relations between the individual and society Social norms are generally accepted rules in society that regulate people's behavior Sanctions - encouragement or punishment aimed at maintaining social norms Formal and informal Formal and informal positive negative legal Customs, traditions religious moral political aesthetic ethical

Deviant (deviant) behavior Deviant (deviant) behavior is behavior that does not comply with the norms, does not correspond to what society expects from a person. The most dangerous manifestations of deviant behavior: - crime, - alcoholism, - drug addiction. positive negative

Forms social interaction Cooperation - participation in a common cause Stages of conflict Social conflict - special interaction (confrontation) of individuals and groups when their views, positions, interests collide Rivalry - intersection and mismatch of interests Conflict resolution methods Pre-conflict Conflict Post-conflict Conflict avoidance Method Negotiation method Mediation method

Ethnic communities Ethnicity is a collection of people historically formed in a certain territory who have a common culture, language and are aware of their unity. Nation is an ethnic community that is formed during the formation of capitalist relations: 1) a national market is formed; 2) a single economic organism is being formed - the national economy, this unites various peoples 3) into a single whole - a nation.

Interethnic relations and national policy Integration - cooperation of nations, rapprochement of various aspects of the life of peoples Differentiation - the desire of peoples for national independence Ethnic conflict is any competition (rivalry) from confrontation to social competition Causes of conflicts: Territorial (separatism) Economic Social Cultural-linguistic (nationalism , xenophobia, chauvinism, discrimination) discrimination

The family as a social institution The family as a social institution is a system of connections and interactions of individuals performing the functions of reproduction of the human race and socialization of the individual. Family as a small group is an association of people connected by a common life, mutual assistance and mutual responsibility. Relationships can be based on marriage and consanguinity.

Typology of families Traditional (patriarchal) Family of partner type Simple nuclear Monogamous (2 spouses) Polygamous (more than 2 spouses) Polygyny (1 m + several women) Polyandry (1w + several men)

Functions of families Reproductive - reproduction of the population Educational - socialization of the young generation Household and household - support for physical health, care for children and elderly parents Economic - obtaining material resources of some family members for others Sphere of primary social control - regulation of the behavior of family members Function of spiritual communication Social status - presentation of a certain social status to family members Leisure - organization of rational leisure

Interaction of people in different groups and communities

SOCIAL SPHERE

Social structure society

An integral set of interconnected and interacting social groups, strata and communities

Macro groups

family, workforce, informal association

Microgroups

a large number of people who do not know each other have a decisive influence on the social process

a small number of participants who know each other have a common goal

The increasing complexity of the social structure is the main trend of change

Differentiation for social reasons

Differentiation for biological reasons

Economic differentiation (rich, middle class, poor)

Ethnic differentiation (peoples, tribes)

Political differentiation (rulers and governed, leaders and mass)

Demographic differentiation (gender, age, place of residence)

Professional differentiation

The labor collective is:

• macrogroup
• microgroup
• social community
• stratum

Biosocial differentiation includes:

• political
• economic
• demographic
• professional

community of territory

common language

A set of people who have a community of culture and are aware of this community

Nation

Nationality

Genus and tribe

Genus and tribe

• Genus - a group of blood relatives, leading their origin along the same line (maternal or paternal) and realizing themselves as descendants of a common ancestor (real or mythical).
• Tribe - unification of several genera on the basis of consanguinity.

communal property,

primitive collectivism

private property,

classes, monogamous family

arose on the basis of territorial, neighborhood ties

Nationality

a historically formed community of people with its own language, territory, culture, nascent economic ties

Nationalities were formed during slave and feudal societies

emerged on the basis of the formation of a community of economic life of people

the highest form of an ethnic community of people, characterized by the unity of territory, economic life, historical path, language, culture, ethnic identity

National identity - a conscious assignment of oneself to a particular nation

historical

traditions and

national

dignity

patriotism

There are more than 100 ethnic groups in Russia, including about 30 nations

National relations in the modern world

Differentiation

Integration

Nationalism

Cosmopolitanism

National question - the question of the liberation of the oppressed

peoples, their self-determination and overcoming ethnic inequality

Ways of solving the national question

• democratization of all aspects of public life
• observance of the principles of humanism in solving ethnic problems
• granting to all peoples the widest possible self-government
• rejection of separatism by national minorities
• constant search for consensus, the fight against nationalism and chauvinism

The defining condition for the formation of a nation is:

• mutual language
• common territory
• community of economic life
• community of culture

Nations arose:

• in primitive society
• in a slave society
• in a feudal society
• in bourgeois society

Cosmopolitanism is:

A. Rejection of local limitation.

B. Rejection of the narrowness of national perspectives.

• only A is true
• only B is true
• both A and B are true
• both statements are wrong

small group based on marriage and consanguinity

Family functions:

• reproductive
• educational
• reproduction of labor
• household
• leisure
• emotional and psychological protection

Stages of development of family and marriage relations

L. Morgan

• Disordered sex
• Consanguineous family (prohibition of marital relations between parents and children, brothers and sisters)
• Group family
• Couple family
• Monogamous family (stronger marriage bonds)
• Partner (nuclear) family

Trends in the development of the modern family

• Women gained more economic independence, but it became more difficult for them to fulfill family responsibilities

• Divorce rate on the rise
• The birth rate is declining
• The number of civil marriages is growing

The main function of the family:

• educational
• reproductive
• leisure
• reproduction of labor

types of social stratification

Social structure of traditional society

• Estates - social groups, the position of which was fixed by law and inherited
• Castes - closed groups of people engaged in a traditional activity, related to origin and legal status

Russia: nobles, clergy, merchants, bourgeoisie, peasants

India: brahmanas, kshatriyas, vaisyas, sudras

types of social stratification

slaves and slave owners, peasants and feudal lords,

workers and capitalists

Class theory

Signs

K. Marx and V. Lenin

• place of a class in a historically defined system social production
• the role of the class in public organization labor
• class relation to ownership of the means of production

M. Weber (1864-1920): between the classes of workers and capitalists

there are numerous middle class

types of social stratification

Middle class

Business owners,

representatives of highly paid

professions

Citizens with

economic

independence

Problems that arise are solved

through civil society institutions

Make society

stable

Make up 60-80%

population

In Russia 12-15%

types of social stratification

lat. "Layers"

P. Sorokin

Stratification is a process as a result of which groups of people turn out to be unequal to each other and unite into hierarchically arranged layers

association based on status: property, power, education, profession ...

M. Weber: three components of inequality -

property inequality,

unequal prestige,

varying amounts of power

Layers in modern Russian society

• Elite (oligarchs, higher bureaucracy, generals) - 3-5%
• Middle layer (small and medium businessmen, trade and service workers) - 12-15%
• Base layer (intelligentsia, technical personnel, peasants, workers) - 60-70%
• bottom layer (elderly, disabled, dependents, unemployed, refugees) - 10-15%
• Desocialized bottom or underclass (thieves, bandits, killers, homeless people, drug addicts, alcoholics, prostitutes) - 3-5%

Trends in the development of the social structure of Russian society

• differentiation (the emergence of new layers and groups)
• integration (convergence of working conditions)
• marginalization (an increase in the number of people who occupy an intermediate position between the main social strata)
• lumpenization (an increase in the number of people who have sunk to the bottom of public life)
• polarization (an increase in the number of people living below the poverty line)

from 16 to 25 years old

Youth as a social group

• potential strength (ability to improve social structure)
• specificity of consciousness (predominance of incentive and motivational orientation)
• formation of the inner world of the personality
• the main priorities are education and getting a profession
• involvement in various associations of interests
• having your own subculture

The main feature of classes is:

• place in a historically defined system of social production
• role in social organization of labor
• relation to ownership of the means of production
• the size and proportion of social wealth held by the class

moving individuals and groups from one layer to another

Social mobility

Mobility types:

• Voluntary (due to a change in place of work, position, place of residence ...)
• Forced (under the influence of structural changes in society - industrialization, computerization ...)
• Individual
• Group
• Vertical (increase or decrease status)
• Ascendant (transition to a higher social stratum)
• Descending (transition to a lower social stratum)
• Horizontal (does not lead to a change in social status)

Factors of social mobility

• system social order (traditional / industrial society)
• changes in the technology of social production (the emergence of new professions)
• social upheavals (wars, revolutions)
• education
• family social status

P. Sorokin

Elevators

(channels)

a family

school

army

church

a person's place in the system of social relations

Types of statuses

Prescribed

(from birth):

gender, nationality,

age, social

origin

Unregistered

(purchased):

profession,

education,

position

Prestigious

Not prestigious

The manifestation of vertical social mobility is:

• moving from one area to another
• retirement
• promotion
• birth of a child

expected behavior of a person associated with their status

Social role

teacher

administrator

educator

Professor

Duties prescribe that

what the performer should do

one thing implies another

The rights talk about what a person can

freely afford or admit

in relation to other people

Social control

The system of means and techniques that regulate the behavior of people in society and prevent its deviation

Self-control - internal correlation of their actions

and actions with the rules accepted by society

Social self-regulation - mechanism

maintaining public order

prescriptions for how to behave in society

established order of conduct

what is inherited from

predecessors

• Customs and traditions
• Legal regulations
• Political norms
• Moral norms
• Religious norms

are enshrined in laws, compliance is ensured by the power of the state

are reflected in laws, international treaties, political principles, moral norms

are evaluative and enforced by the strength of public opinion

observance is supported by the moral conscience of believers, faith in the punishment for sins

incentives or punishments to encourage people to comply with social norms

public endorsement official organizations: awards, titles, titles ...

• formal positive
• informal positive
• formal negative
• informal negative

public approval from the public: friendly praise, compliment, applause ...

the punishments prescribed by the official authorities: imprisonment, deprivation of civil rights, excommunication ...

punishments not provided for by official authorities: remark, reproach, mockery, nickname ...

If the norm has no sanction, then it

ceases to regulate people's behavior

Are the following judgments about social norms correct?

A. Social norms include only those prescriptions that are enshrined in laws.

B. Behavior that does not conform to socially accepted norms is called conformism.

• only A is true
• only B is true
• both A and B are true
• both statements are wrong

a form of interaction based on the clash of interests and needs of individuals and social groups

Conflict

• G. Spencer (1820-1903): conflict is a manifestation of the process of natural selection and the struggle for survival; society must develop evolutionarily.
• K. Marx (1818-1883): the conflict is temporary and can be resolved by a social revolution
• G. Simmel (1858-1918): conflicts are inevitable and even useful (help people become more aware of their interests, promote intragroup cohesion, etc.)

Conflictology:

conflict is not an anomaly, but a norm of attitude

between people, one of the ways they interact

(along with competition, cooperation, adaptation, etc.)

Subjects of the conflict

• Witnesses - those who are watching the conflict from the outside.
• Instigators - those who push other participants to the conflict.
• Accomplices - people who contribute to the development of the conflict, providing assistance to the conflicting parties.
• Mediators - those who by their actions are trying to prevent, stop or resolve the conflict.

PARTICIPANTS

an event or circumstance as a result of which contradictions pass into the stage of open confrontation

incident (pretext) escalation of the conflict consensus

escalation of the conflict, an increase in the number of participants in the conflict

majority agreement

Types of conflicts

• depending on the conflicting parties (intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup ...)
• by duration and character leaks (long-term, short-term, one-time, protracted ...)
• by form (internal, external)
• by scale distribution (local, regional, global)
• by used means (non-violent, violent)
• by spheres in which they occur ↓

about the distribution of power, domination, influence, authority

• Political conflict
• National and ethnic conflict
• Socio-economic conflict
• Cultural conflict

based on the struggle for the rights and interests of ethnic and national groups

about the means of life support, the level of wages, the level of prices for various goods, access to these goods

associated with religious, linguistic and other contradictions in the spiritual sphere

Forms of social conflicts:

discussions, requests, adoption of declarations ...

rallies, demonstrations, pickets, strikes ...

war is an extreme form

Conditions and methods of conflict resolution

Conditions:

Methods:

• identification of existing contradictions, interests, goals
• mutual interest in overcoming contradictions
• joint search for ways to overcome the conflict

• direct dialogue of the parties, negotiations
• development and improvement of the social sphere of the life of society (expansion of the education system, health care, social security, housing construction, i.e. creation of a developed social infrastructure)

a state that main goal its activities proclaims a person, his dignified existence

Welfare state

The main features of the welfare state:

• developed market relations, variety of forms of ownership, freedom of entrepreneurship
• price mechanism and competition without government intervention
• freedom of choice for employees
• a reasonable balance between market principles and the redistribution of goods through state system social assistance
• high standard of living
• developed social legislation
• effective policy to ensure social, economic, cultural human rights

The main task - improve relations between

entrepreneurs and consumers in whole effective

functioning of the economy without disturbing the balance between

private sector and government

Are the following judgments about social conflict correct?

A. Conflict interaction exists in any type of society.

B. Social conflicts always lead to negative consequences.

• only A is true
• only B is true
• both A and B are true
• both statements are wrong

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SOCIAL SPHERE OF LIFE OF SOCIETY

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Criteria for the selection of strata

Power

Education

Prestige

Lifestyle

A strata is a "layer", a group of people that occupies
a certain position in society

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SOCIAL INEQUALITY

SOCIAL INEQUALITY

INDIVIDUAL SOCIAL GROUPS HAVE UNEQUAL ACCESS TO SOCIAL GOODS LIKE MONEY, POWER, PRESTIGE

CAUSE?

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ACCORDING TO ONE OF THE THEORIES, SOCIAL INEQUALITY IS A NATURAL INEQUALITY THAT ALLOWS TO GET UP THE MOST WAY

CONFLICT THEORY CONSIDERS INEQUALITY GIVES PRIVATE PROPERTY. A CLASS FIGHT BEGINS BETWEEN THE ECONOMICALLY DOMINANT CLASS AND THE WORKING CLASS

OTHER RESEARCHERS BELIEVE ATTITUDE TO PROPERTY IS NOT THE ONLY CRITERION FOR DETERMINING SOCIAL GROUPS. AMONG THE CRITERIA - PROFESSION, INCOME, EDUCATION, LIFESTYLE ...

THEORY OF THE APPEARANCE OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY

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CLASS STRUGGLE

CLASS STRUGGLE

CONFLICT THEORY SEEMS CLASS STRUGGLE AS THE MAIN DRIVING FORCE OF HISTORY

Opponents of this theory pay attention to the destruction and disasters accompanying the revolution

YOUR POINT OF VIEW:?

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SOCIAL CHANGES IN SOVIET SOCIETY

A PERSON CAN TRANSFER FROM ONE SOCIAL GROUP TO ANOTHER. BUT THIS POSSIBILITY IS STRONGLY INCREASED DURING REVOLUTIONS AND OTHER SHOCK. WHOLE SOCIAL GROUPS MAY BE PROVIDED.

REVOLUTION OF 1917

DISAPPEARED WHOLE STATES AND GROUPS (GOVERNMENT, Clergy, Bourgeois)
INCREASE IN THE WORKING CLASS AND REDUCTION OF THE PEASANTRY. FORMATION OF THE LAYER OF THE SOVIET BUROCRACY

THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE HAS CHANGED: WHOLE GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS CHANGE THEIR PLACE IN ITS STRUCTURE

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Social status of a person

Social status is the position of a person in society, occupied by him as a representative of a certain social group and including a certain set of rights and obligations.
Social status depends on:
- age,
- gender,
- origin,
- professions,
- marital status.

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Social status of a person

prescribed status

achievable status

does not depend on personality, it is given from birth (gender, race, age)
his family provides it

depends on the personality, who the person becomes (education, profession)

Sociology - the science of society by Auguste Comte
(1798-1857)
Term introduced by Auguste
Comte (1798-1857)
French philosopher.
The concept of "sociology"
is derived from two
words: Latin soci (etas) -
society and Greek logos -
word, teaching. Hence
sociology - the science of society

Basic concepts

Social groups
Differentiation
Stratification
Social institution and their types
Social mobility and its types
Social descent
Social recovery
Marginals
Lumpen
Social elevators
Social status
Social role
Socialization
Social control
Social norms
Deviant behavior
Social interaction
Cooperation
Rivalry
Social conflict (stages)
Ethnos
Nation
Interethnic conflicts
National policy
Demography
Family as a social institution
Family functions

Social groups

Large:
classes,
estates
castes
Small:
a family,
classroom,
circle of friends

Ethnic communities

Ethnicity - historically formed in a certain territory
a set of people with a common culture, language
and aware of their unity
Genus
Tribe
People
ness
Nation
Nation is an ethnic community that develops during the period
the formation of capitalist relations: 1) formed
national market; 2) a single economic
organism is a national economy, it brings together various
peoples 3) into a single whole - a nation.

Stratification theory Pitirim Sorokin - American sociologist

Differentiation -
division of society into groups,
characterized by
various signs.
Subordination between them
no.
Stratification-
set located in
hierarchical order
social strata \u003d
distribution of social
stratum
groups
stratum
Strata -
stratum- layer
Strata are people
occupying
identical positions
on the inequality scale

Criteria for the selection of strata

- power
- education
-income
- prestige

Types of stratification

Economic
expressed in difference
income, living standards, in
the existence of the rich,
middle and poor
population
Political
involves dividing
society on managers
and managed,
political leaders and
mass
Professional
involves the allocation of
community of different groups
by the nature of their activities and
occupations

Social mobility - the transition of people from one social group to another

Vertical
Horizontal
the transition of a person to a group,
located on the same
level as the previous one.
moving from one
hierarchy levels
(stairs) to another.
It is possible to do as
social upsurge and
descent - descending and
upward mobility
individual
group

The way people move from one group to another is called the "social lift".

The way people move from one
group to another got the name
"social lift".
Army
School
Church
Social mobility channels

Marginalis (marginalis- located on the edge, on the border) are social groups that occupy an intermediate position between stable communities

Marginalis (marginalis- located on
the edge, on the border) are social groups,
intermediate between
stable communities.
Lumpen
(German lumpen rags) - people,
sank to the bottom
society.

Social status of a person

Social status is a person's position in
the society he occupies as a representative
a certain social group and including
a certain set of rights and obligations.
Social status depends on:
- age,
- gender,
- origin,
- professions,
- marital status.

Social status of a person

prescribed
status
does not depend on
personality, it is given from
birth (gender,
racial
affiliation,
age)
it is provided
a family
achievable
status
depends on
personality, who
man becomes
(education,
profession)
acquired

Social roles

The whole world is theater.
In it women, men - all actors.
They have exits, exits.
And everyone plays more than one role.
Seven acts in the play.
Baby, schoolboy, boy, lover,
Soldier, judge, old man.
W. Shakespeare

Socialization and adaptation

The process of assimilation by the individual
patterns of behavior, social
roles, norms and values

Social control is the mechanism of relations between the individual and society

Social norms -
generally accepted in society
rules governing
behavior of people
Customs,
traditions
aesthetic
legal
political
moral
religious
ethical
Sanctions - encouragement or
punishment aimed at
maintaining social
norms
positive
negative
Formal and
informal
Formal and
informal

Deviating (deviant) behavior

Deviant behavior -
this is behavior that is not consistent with
norms, does not correspond to what awaits
from a person to society.
positive
negative
The most dangerous manifestations of deviant
behavior:
- crime,
- alcoholism,
- drug addiction.

Family as a social institution

The family as a social institution is a system of connections and
interactions of individuals performing functions
human reproduction and socialization
personality
The family as a small group is an association of people,
connected by a common life, mutual assistance and mutual
responsibility. Relationships can be based on marriage
and consanguinity.

Family functions

1. Reproductive - reproduction of the population
2. Educational - socialization of the younger generation
3. Household - support for physical
health, caring for children and elderly parents
4. Economic - obtaining material resources of some
family members for others
5. The sphere of primary social control -
regulation of the behavior of family members
6. The function of spiritual communication
7. Socio-status - representation of a certain
social status to family members
8. Leisure - the organization of rational leisure

Social sphere of society

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Social structure (from Latin structura - structure, location, order) of society - the structure of society as a whole, a set of interrelated and interacting social groups, as well as the relationship between them Social groups Social relations Public division of labor Needs and interests of social groups Values social groups Norms and roles of social groups Lifestyle of social groups

Slide 3

Social roles are a mode of behavior corresponding to a certain status; each role is assigned a range of rights and responsibilities. Social groups - any set of people identified according to socially significant criteria; mediator between a person and society as a whole. Social status (lat. "Position") - the social position of a person in society includes: profession, economic situation, political opportunities, demographic characteristics of a person (age, gender), marital status. S L O IS T R A T s K L A S S s Social structure is a set of interrelated elements that make up the internal structure of society. Social structure.

Slide 4

What element (s) belong (are) to the social structure of society? Intellectuals Ship Crew Family All of the above Answer: __________ 4

Slide 5

Are the following judgments about the social structure of society correct? A. The social structure is based on the social division of labor. B. The social structure organizes society into a single whole. Only A is correct. Only B is correct. Both judgments are correct Both judgments are incorrect Answer: __________ 3

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Social relations are certain stable ties between people as representatives of social groups Main features DURATION SYSTEMIC STABILITY SUSTAINABILITY SELF-RENEWAL-BRIDGE SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP Nature of relations COOPERATION Rivalry Social conflict

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Socio - group Relations between classes, social strata Socio - demographic Relations between men, women, children, youth, pensioners, etc. Socio - ethnic Relations between nations, nationalities, national and ethnographic groups, etc. Social - professional Relations between labor collectives, professional associations Interpersonal relations of a person with the people around him Social relations

Slide 8

Relationships do not belong to social relations Between nations and nationalities Between a person and people around him Between classes Between a person and nature Answer: __________ 4

Slide 9

Are the following judgments about social relationships correct? A. Social relations always take on a cooperative character. B. Social relations can take on the character of social conflict. Only A is true. Only B is true. Both judgments are correct Both judgments are incorrect Answer: __________ 2

10

Slide 10

Social group - any set of people that has any common socially significant feature (gender, age, nationality, profession, income, education, power, etc.) A SMALL LARGE family, school class, company of friends, etc. nation, class, class, caste, etc. Social division of labor and specialization of activity Historical prevailing variety of living conditions, culture, social norms and values. Reasons for appearance. They know each other well, are engaged in some common cause and are in direct relationships. They occupy the same position in the structure of society, have common interests

11

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The name of the social group Its essence Examples The emergence of KASTA (from the Latin castus - pure) A social group that has a religious rule fixed for life and inherited rights and obligations Brahmanas (priests), kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishis (merchants), sudras (workers and peasants) Ancient India CONDITION A social group that has enshrined custom or law and inherited rights and duties. Upper classes (nobility, clergy), unprivileged third class (artisans, merchants, peasants). In Russia since the second half of the 18th century: nobility, clergy, merchants, peasants, philistines (middle urban strata) Middle Ages Europe

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Slide 12

The name of the social group Its essence Examples The emergence CLASS A social group that differs in its role in all spheres of the life of society, which is formed and functions on the basis of fundamental social interests Slaves and slave owners; feudal lords and dependent peasants; bourgeoisie and wage workers Class society

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Slide 13

Are the following judgments about social group correct? A. A social group is any set of people identified by gender, age, nationality. B. A social group is any set of people identified by profession, place of residence, income. Only A is true Only B is true Both statements are true Both statements are incorrect Answer: __________ 3

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Slide 14

Establish a correspondence between examples of social groups and their types. For each position given in the first column, pick a position from the second column. Examples of social groups A) Russians B) Neighbors in the aircraft cabin C) Businessmen D) Tourist group E) Spaceship crew E) Kshatriev caste Types of social groups Small Large A B C D E F 2 1 2 1 1 2

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Slide 15

SOCIAL ROLE is what is expected in a given society from every person who occupies a certain place in the social system Main (citizen, family member, worker, owner, consumer, etc.) Situational (passenger, pedestrian, buyer, viewer, etc.) Role requirements for a person are put forward by society. These requirements are enshrined in the rules - social norms. Society, its various groups and organizing by means of encouragement and punishment, i.e. various sanctions, support the fulfillment of social roles.

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Slide 16

The structure of a social role Requirements for behavior corresponding to a social role Assessment of the fulfillment of a social role Sanction - the reaction of society or a social group to the actions of an individual within the framework of a social role A person's motivation to a certain type of behavior Social norms multiple social roles that involve incompatibilities, conflicting responsibilities and requirements

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Slide 17

Are the following judgments about social role correct? A. Man has one social role. B. Man has a whole range of social roles. Only A is true Only B is true Both statements are true Both statements are false Answer: __________ 2

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Slide 18

Establish a correspondence between examples of social roles and their types. For each position given in the first column, pick a position from the second column. Examples of social roles A) cashier B) pedestrian C) researcher D) father E) viewer E) producer Types of social roles main situational A B C D E F 1 2 1 1 2 1

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Slide 19

SOCIAL STATUS - general position a person or a social group in society associated with a certain set of rights and obligations SOCIAL STATUS Personal status - the position of an individual in a small group, depending on how its members evaluate him in accordance with his personal qualities (leader, expert, soul of the company) Basic status determines the main thing in a person's life (most often this is a status associated with the main place of work: engineer, professor, lawyer, etc.) Prescribed (assigned) status is a social position that is pre-prescribed to an individual by society, regardless of the merits of the individual (gender, age, nationality The achieved (acquired) status is acquired as a result of free choice, personal efforts and is under the control of a person (financial situation, education, etc.)

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Slide 20

The list shows the similarities between the achieved and prescribed statuses and the differences between the achieved status and the prescribed one. Select and write down the ordinal numbers of the similarities in the first column of the table, and the ordinal numbers of the differences in the second column. Is under the control of a person Associated with a certain set of rights and obligations Influences human behavior Acquired through luck and luck Traits of similarity Traits of difference 2 3 1 4

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Slide 21: Social inequality

by birth by role All people are different in possession Gender, nationality, race, age, physical and intellectual differences. Professional and labor activity. Power, property, education, privileges, material and spiritual values. Thus, there is a natural and social differentiation.

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Slide 22

SOCIAL CONFLICT - a clash of opposing public interests, views, aspirations, directions of social development Participants of a social conflict Individuals Social groups Organizations and associations Stages of social conflict Pre-conflict - the formation of a conflict situation. Direct conflict - mistrust and lack of respect for the enemy; inability to reach an agreement Conflict resolution - termination of actions aimed at changing the behavior of opponents; elimination of the causes of the conflict

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The last slide of the presentation: Social sphere of society

CAUSES OF SOCIAL CONFLICTS Social heterogeneity of society, the presence of opposite orientations Differences in the levels of income, power, culture, access to education, information Religious differences Human behavior, his social and psychological traits (character, intelligence, general culture, etc. ) Types of conflicts Intrapersonal Interpersonal Intergroup With the external environment Conflict covering certain spheres of public life Conflict covering society as a whole