Do-it-yourself woodpecker hat made of paper. Project of research work on the topic “Where did the woodpecker get a little red riding hood? Great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopus major
We will be celebrating International Bird Day very soon. Help your child find out what birds exist, teach how to make crafts, costumes of winged creatures.
Bird Day - scenario
Having got acquainted with it, it will be easier for parents to come up with a costume for their child, and teachers will find out what game and cognitive tasks can be included in the event program.
The hall is decorated accordingly. You can put, decorate walls and windows with twigs to create a forest atmosphere. There are many bird songs. The teacher turns on one of them, the guys enter the hall to the music.
They are wearing matching suits. Someone represents a woodpecker, a cuckoo, a dove, a sparrow, a swan.
The presenter says riddles, the answer will be the character of some child. Children should find out and answer which bird is meant.
The next competition sounds like “Names of Birds”. The presenter asks questions, the guys must guess a specific bird. Here's a rough list of questions:
- Why was the cuckoo named that way (because it makes a "cuckoo" sound).
- What action influenced the fact that the squad of birds was called sparrows (these birds eat grain and seeds and tried to eat them where people cultivated the harvest. Therefore, the workers shouted "Thief-bey!").
- Why is the magpie called white-sided (because it has white sides).
- For which the bird was nicknamed the pika (it wails, as if it squeaks).
- buckets;
- baskets;
The containers are placed at a certain distance. Children take turns to hit them with a small ball. There are three attempts for each participant. For one hit, 1 point is assigned, at the end of the competition, the results are summed up, the winner is selected.
The next task is intellectual. Cards with pictures of birds and pictures of food for them should be prepared. In addition to him, you need to prepare the wrong cards, which will depict what birds cannot eat. For example, salt, black bread.
Two cards will depict millet and simple. Children should put photographs of waxwings, sparrows, siskins, oatmeal, and goldfinches on this bulk food. Since these birds are very fond of this cereal.
Children will put photos with waxwings and bullfinches on cards with images of elderberry, mountain ash, bird cherry. These birds love these berries.
Nuthatch, titmouse, woodpecker should be placed on melon and watermelon seeds. And next to dry twigs of nettle, quinoa and burdock, place bullfinch, goldfinch, titmouse, siskin.
And sunflower seeds are very fond of nuthatches, tits, bullfinches, sparrows.
The next game is mobile, called "Gathering of Birds". Children in feathered costumes are called. One bird guard is chosen. Others at this time at their meeting must decide important issues. As soon as a stranger appears near the group, the guard must give a voice, imitating the singing or cry of the very bird in which he is dressed.
On bird day in kindergarten the scenario may include the proposed calm and active games, as well as others.
How to quickly sew a woodpecker costume for Bird Day?
You don't have to be an experienced seamstress to do this, you can make it in a couple of hours using an easy idea.
To make such a suit, take existing clothes as a basis. These are black pants and a turtleneck or T-shirt of the same color. You will also need:
- light red fabric;
- white dense fabric;
- red butterfly bow;
- seven red buttons;
- threads;
- scissors;
- needle.
Fold the white canvas in half, draw a semicircle at the bottom. Cut it out in a zigzag motion.
Draw a pattern in the shape of a cone or sharp triangle. Apply it to the front of the wings, circle. Paint over the space between these shapes with black marker, leaving the triangles white.
To make the woodpecker costume further, these wings need to be sewn to the sleeves of the T-shirt and the back of its neck. The child will wear black boots on his feet, and a hat needs to be sewn on his head. Thick knitwear is suitable for this product. You can use leggings or an old sweater. As you can see in the pattern, the hat has four gussets. In this case, three must be cut from red fabric, and the fourth front one from black.
Cut out the eyes from the white canvas, paint over the pupils with a black marker or sew on buttons.
Make the beak from a folded sheet of cardboard, which is painted over or pasted over with a brown, gray cloth.
DIY sparrow costume for Bird Day
It will also come in handy on International Bird Day. There are easy options for making and such an outfit.
For him, take:
- t-shirt;
- brown cloth;
- beige and dark gray tulle;
- gum.
- Cut the T-shirt to give it a vest shape. From tulle cut ribbons 5 cm wide, sew each in the middle, while smocking.
- You can stitch these ribbons onto a rectangle of fabric, make wings by tying the sewn ribbons around your neck. Or sew them together, and only then stitch them to a vest from a T-shirt.
- A rectangular canvas is taken for the skirt. From above it needs to be tucked up twice, stitching off. Pass the elastic here, measured around the girl's waist. At the bottom, the skirt is hemmed and decorated with a lighter strip of tulle.
The hat is made in the form of a cap with a visor, you can take a ready-made headdress of a suitable color. Lush shorts must be gathered at the bottom with an elastic band.
If you need to quickly make a sparrow costume, then put on a brown skirt on the girl, and on the boy trousers of the same color, which are tied up from below or elastic bands are inserted here. On a white turtleneck, you can sew a lace light collar or tie a frill, quickly sew wavy wings from a brown canvas.
All that remains is to make a sparrow mask. She will need the following materials:
- colored white paper;
- glue;
- cardboard;
- ruler;
- scissors;
- pencil;
- rubber.
Unfold the mask, try it on the child. At this stage, you can correct something. Now this template needs to be put on brown cardboard, cut out the base of the sparrow mask from it.
Draw an equilateral triangle on the cardboard, leave an edge for gluing this part to the mask. Cut out the beak and bend it at the locations indicated by the dotted lines on the diagram.
On top of this blank, you need to glue light brown paper. Use glue to attach the beak to the mask.
On the 1st and 2nd sides of this part, you need to make small holes, stretch the elastic band here and tie its edges.
If you want to make a bright bird costume, then take the next master class into service.
Prepare:
- fabric, pleasant to the touch;
- bright flaps;
- for strings - soft ribbons;
- threads to match.
Overcast the edges of these blanks. Make feathers from bright rags, the height of these parts is 5 cm.But it is most convenient to cut strips of fabric, making their edges wavy.
Place the prepared strip on the base of one wing, on the bottom row, sew it on. You will do the same with the second wing. Gradually moving upstairs, attach other decorated colored ribbons.
To connect these two pieces, sew a strip of fabric on top, it must be long enough for the child to tie these wings around his neck. On the remaining free upper part of the wings, wash the remaining feathers.
Using this template, you can sew an outfit of almost any bird for the holiday of Bird Day. You just need to take flaps of the appropriate color. If you are making a sparrow costume, then use cuts of brown and gray fabric.
The same goes for the mask, matching colors will help make it for different birds. Here are the materials from which you will assemble this piece of the costume, from:
- felt;
- rubber bands;
- thread.
Transfer the pattern to the fabric and cut it out.
You will need two such blanks to fit a triangular nose cut out of felt between them.
Mark the elastic to fit the child's face. If it is thin, tie knots at both ends. Paste these places into the sides of the mask. Sew around the edges.
If you want to decorate it, then from green and blue felt you can cut out the same leaves as in the sample in the photo. On the day of birds in kindergarten or at school, it is quite possible to put on similar masks on children of elementary grades.
Of course, how can you do without themed crafts on such a day? They can be used to decorate the venue of the event, donate to each other or take it to the competition.
Making crafts for Bird Day!
To make a bird in a nest, take:
- colored paper;
- balloon;
- thick brown threads;
- paper napkins;
- pVA glue;
- scissors.
From colored cardboard you need to cut out the paws, beak and eyes for the birds. While the glue dries, make a nest for this character. To do this, wrap the inflated balloon with threads. It is pre-lubricated with glue.
When the yarn is dry, the ball is pierced with a needle, the blank of threads frozen in this position is cut into two halves.
Place straw or yarn similar to this material in the resulting nest. You can use loose satin ribbons. Tie the nests to ropes and hang them on the trees, which are also handmade.
Thus, you can decorate the hall in which the Bird Day in the kindergarten will take place.
Also, the children can be invited to make these birds, in order to then play a small performance with the participation of birds.
First take:
- cotton pads;
- wooden skewers;
- glue;
- plastic eyes;
- scissors;
- colored paper.
Cut the beak out of colored paper, glue it and the eyes on your face. Attach the cotton pad halves as the bird's wings. Let the kids decorate their creations with colored ribbon.
To hang the bird later, insert a piece of tape of the appropriate size between the two blanks. Sew these parts together on the wrong side, leaving a small space free at the bottom of the tail. Turn the bird through it, straightening the corners with a skewer or pencil.
Stuff the feathery padding polyester over this edge, sew these places with a blind seam. Using a thread and a needle, embroider the bird's eyes, and attach the wings using a decorative seam.
Sew a button on the tip of the tail of the craft, after which the hand-made bird is ready.
You can also use such creations to decorate the venue of the holiday. Prepare for it in advance, include interesting quizzes and games for children in the scenario for celebrating Bird Day. Help the children fall in love with these animals, teach them to guard and feed them during the cold season.
So that the child fully understands how to make crafts for Bird Day, look at this process with him.
Your beloved child, too, will certainly want to make a fabulous Firebird from napkins and plasticine, especially since the process of rolling colored paper balls is very exciting.
The following photo collection will help you make cards for the International Bird Day quiz.
The following video will help you quickly make a black crow mask. The idea will come in handy not only on International Bird Day, but also for a themed party, matinee in kindergarten or for staging a performance.
The foundation... Black knitted suit or black turtleneck (T-shirt) 4- black trousers. A white chest made of dense fabric (Fig. 1) is fastened to a suit with 7 red buttons sewn to a turtleneck. A red bow tie is attached to the breast. White fabric spots are sewn onto the sleeves.
Wings- made of white, rather lightweight fabric. The bottom is cut with black teeth with a stretch on white (Fig. 2) (You can first paint the fabric with a black marker, and then cut it out.) The finished wings are sewn to the sleeves and the back of the neckline on the arms.
On foot. Black boots.
On the head... The fabric for the hat should be fairly dense, but stretchy (old sweaters or leggings will do, but not T-shirts - they are too thin). The cap is made of 4 wedges (Fig. 3): the front wedge is black, the other 3 are red. Sew a white fragment with an eye on the finished hat (Fig. 4). In the center of the eye, you can sew a large beautiful convex button (from a coat). The beak is made of cardboard, which can be painted or pasted over with a gray or brown cloth (Fig. 5).
A fluff made of gray woolen threads or a fringe made of paper is sewn to the base of the beak.
The foundation. Black knitted suit or black turtleneck (T-shirt) 4- black trousers. A white chest made of dense fabric (Fig. 1) is fastened to a suit with 7 red buttons sewn to a turtleneck. A red bow tie is attached to the breast. White fabric spots are sewn onto the sleeves.
The wings are made of white, rather light fabric. The bottom is cut with black teeth with a stretch on white (Fig. 2) (You can first paint the fabric with a black marker, and then cut it out.) The finished wings are sewn to the sleeves and the back of the neckline on the arms.
On foot. Black boots.
On the head. The fabric for the hat should be fairly dense, but stretchy (old sweaters or leggings will do, but not T-shirts - they are too thin). The cap is made of 4 wedges (Fig. 3): the front wedge is black, the other 3 are red. Sew a white fragment with an eye on the finished hat (Fig. 4). In the center of the eye, you can sew a large beautiful convex button (from a coat). The beak is made of cardboard, which can be painted or pasted over with a gray or brown cloth (Fig. 5).
Municipal Research Competition and creative projects
preschoolers and junior schoolchildren"I am a researcher!"
Natural science ( live nature)
Project research work
on the topic of
"Where did the woodpecker get a little red riding hood?"
Panyukova Egor Nikolaevich
v. Vostochny
MOU "Basic Generaleducational school in the village of Vostochny, Ivanteevsky district, Saratov region ", 2 class
Classroom teacher:
Panyukova Olga Vasilievna,
teacher primary grades
MOU "Main secondary school in Vostochny"
v. Vostochny
annotation
Relevance of the topic:
Not all of our peers know. why do woodpeckers knock on wood and why do they have this color? It is very useful and interesting to know about the birds of our homeland.
The purpose of this work: reveal the secret of woodpecker color.
First, we developed the main stages of our work and set ourselves the followingquestions and tasks :
1. Who are birds? Distinctive features birds?
2. A little about woodpeckers. Why do woodpeckers have a red cap? What are woodpeckers looking for in a tree, knocking on it?
3. Species of woodpeckers.
4 The role of humans in the life of birds.
5. Visit the village library.
6. Find information in encyclopedias and on the Internet.
7. Conduct a survey among school students: why does the woodpecker have a red cap ?.
Putting a hypothesis. What is the expected answer?
Woodpeckers have a little red hat because nature so ordered,
An object : birds different types.
Research base : collected documentary and photographic material, scientific and educational literature.
Methods: search, analysis, excursion, observation, generalization.
Product: research work, photographs.
Introduction.
On the claws on a pine trunk
The red-headed fitter climbed in.
He worked on weight
But no light flashed in the forest.
Once, with my classmates, I was looking at an encyclopedia of animals. We vigorously discussed with classmates various questions about the coloring of insects, birds and other animals. We were worried about a lot of questions, namely, why the fox is red, why the tit has a yellow breast, and another question - why the woodpecker has a red cap. I set myself a goal: to find information about these animals, namely the woodpecker. For this, I firstly asked class teacher tell us about it, secondly, used the Internet resources, thirdly, visited the village library and reviewed and read the information in the encyclopedia, fourthly, conducted a survey among the students of our school on the topic: why does a woodpecker have a red cap?
During the extracurricular reading we listened to Tamara Kryukova's fairy tale "Why does a woodpecker have a red cap?" (see Appendix - audio) and the teacher read to us the folk legend "Sly fox and woodpecker" (Appendix 1). But I had little information, it's still fairy tales!
And here's what I found out ...
1. Who are birds? Distinctive features of birds.
How did the first birds appear on our land?
Scientists believe that they descended from prehistoric winged dinosaurs - pterosaurs.
Birds are animals whose body is covered with plumage. Most birds can fly, and they all have two wings. To make it easier to fly, birds have a very light body. Their bones are hollow inside, their bodies are covered with feathers, and instead of teeth they have a sharp beak. The sleek, streamlined format helps them glide easily through the air. Just like people, birds are warm-cow and breathe air. However, unlike humans, they lay eggs.
The science dealing with the study of birds is calledornithology .
WHY is the bird's body covered with feathers?
Birds have three types of feathers. Small, downy feathers are closest to the body and help to keep warm. Cover feathers create a streamlined body shape. The strong, stiff feathers on the wings and tail are called flight feathers. Closely pressed against each other, they create a smooth surface, and this makes it easier for birds to move in the air.
1 - outline, typical flight feather, 2 - rudder feather (tail feather), 3 - cover feather, 4 - filiform feather, 5 - brush-like feather, 6 - down feather.
HOW MANY birds are there on Earth?
About 9,000 different bird species live on Earth. They come in different shapes and sizes. Some hummingbirds are no larger than a bumblebee, while ostriches grow taller than humans. Birds live in all corners of the Earth. They live in polar regions and deserts, in hot, humid jungles and in the backyards of farms.
[https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki / Birds]
2. A little about woodpeckers. What are woodpeckers looking for in a tree, knocking on it? Why do woodpeckers have a red cap?
Walking through the forest, you can hear ringing beats, as if someone is beating a drum. But who is this forest drummer?
Meet this woodpecker. Here he is sitting on a tree trunk, securely clinging to it with paws with sharp claws. And also rests on the rigid tail feathers.
Most often, in our forests and parks, we will meet the great and spotted woodpecker. Its wings and tail are black with white stripes. The breast is light, and red spots are visible on the head and abdomen.
Woodpecker knocks, bangs on the trunk strong sharp beak, only pieces of bark fly in different directions. And there, under the bark, forest pests - beetles - bark beetles, gluttonous larvae, insects - hid.
The woodpecker will take them out of the punched hole with a long, narrow and sticky tongue. Some woodpeckers also have tongue with serrated hooks. Nobody will break free!
Like an attentive doctor, the woodpecker will examine, knock on every tree in its section of the forest. In a young healthy forest, you will meet a woodpecker less often than in an old one, where there are many "sick" trees.
But the woodpecker feeds not only on beetles. In winter, he pecks pine and spruce cones. But, having picked a cone, the bird will first strengthen it in a crevice of a tree or between branches.
In this "smithy" the woodpecker will gut the cone and get the seeds. And under the tree, under the "smithy", a pile of scales and empty cones will grow. In the spring woodpeckers punch holes in the birch bark and feast on delicious juice.
The drumbeat of a woodpecker is also an invitation to visit a female. And a sign to other woodpeckers: the place is taken!
The woodpecker is not only a "forest doctor", but also a "builder". He gouges deep hollows in tree trunks. Hollow is his home. Both the male and the female are working on its creation. Then they take turns incubating eggs and feeding the emerging chicks.
Woodpeckers prefer to live alone. And they will not tolerate anyone, including their grown chicks.
Every year the woodpecker has a new nest. And in the old one, other chicks celebrate housewarming. Or proteins. But there are woodpeckers who dig holes on the slopes of the hills, on the cliffs - like coastal swallows. Some woodpeckers even live in anthills!
Woodpeckers are beneficial by destroying forest pests.
[http://www.chudesnayastrana.ru/ptitsi-dyatel.htm]
True, there was an opinion that the woodpecker harms forestry by gouging hollows and tearing the bark from trees. Such thoughts even led to attempts to exterminate woodpeckers in order to protect valuable tree plantations.
This charge was dropped from the birds after it was discovered that woodpeckers make hollows exclusively in old and rotten trees infected with xylophagous insects, and sometimes save trees whose infection has not gone too far from death. The first to speak out in defense of woodpeckers was a German naturalist of the late 18th century. - the beginning of the XIX century. Johann Bechstein.
The life of woodpeckers and people, as a rule, goes in parallel, without overlapping interests. With the exception of attempts to "protect" the forest from woodpeckers, a person only listens to an invisible forest drummer, not paying close attention to him. True, some species of woodpeckers are used for human food, while others, with beautiful plumage, are kept as pets. Nevertheless, this bird cannot be called popular.
The edible bird is the awl-billed golden woodpecker, which lives in the United States. According to the famous 19th century zoologist Alfred Brehm, the meat of this bird was often served to the table in the middle states of the United States, and in the states of Philadelphia and New York, it was even found on the free market. True, according to Brem, it has a pronounced ant smell. There is no information about the use of woodpeckers for food in the modern period.
World folklore gave the woodpecker its rightful place. In fairy tales, he is a tireless worker, kind and sympathetic, always ready to come to the rescue in difficult times. Hopefully deforestation and deterioration ecological situation in the world will not cause mass death of these amazing birds... [http://mirzhivotnih.ru/category/83]
3. Species of woodpeckers.
Three-toed woodpeckers feed on insects that live under bark and in wood. They often make hollows in dry trunks and even in stumps. There were cases when hollows were found with an entrance at a height of less than half a meter from the soil surface.
Turntables settle in ready-made hollows. Taking advantage of the superiority in size, they often capture the hollows of flycatchers, tits, redstarts and, not having the habit of building nests, lay their eggs directly on the crushed clutch or the dead chicks of the first settlers. If you look "on a visit" to the hatching neck, it will stretch its neck and begin to rhythmically move it from side to side. These gestures, combined with loud hiss and snake-like coloration in not too bright lighting in the hollow, usually discourage the continuation of acquaintance.
Great pointed woodpecker - rare view, inhabiting mainly oak forests with an admixture of cedar, growing on the slopes of the hills of the Ussuri region.
Using a long (up to 20 cm) and sticky tonguegreen woodpecker extracts insects from the narrowest and most winding passages in wood and anthills.Zhelna she does the same, but the tip of her tongue is also sharp and jagged like a harpoon.
Green woodpecker feeds almost exclusively on ants, their larvae and pupae. Parents bring food to the nest no more than once an hour and regurgitate insects delivered to the crop in small portions, which allows the parent to feed all offspring with food at one time.
Zhelna, who brought food, descends into a deep hollow shaft with its beak down, regurgitates food from the goiter into its beak and touches it to the beaks of blind chicks, which immediately wake up and open their mouths.
Femalesgray-haired and green woodpeckers hollow out the hollows on their own. There is no special lining in the nest: 9-10 pure white eggs are laid on small chips accumulated at the bottom. Both partners are involved in incubating the clutch and feeding the chicks.
Lesser pointed-winged woodpecker - the smallest. It is smaller than a sparrow and weighs only 20 g. Females are slightly larger than males. This woodpecker feeds on insects, which it collects from the surface of the branches and trunks of trees, and is engaged in chiselling only when building a hollow, choosing willow and alder trunks that are decaying and affected by fungi.
Lesser spotted woodpecker rarely lives in a real big forest. Much more often, it can be found in willow or alder forests growing in a damp valley of a forest stream or on the shore of a lake. Here you can always find skeletons of trees rotting at the root, in the soft wood destroyed by mushrooms, woodpeckers gouge their hollows. The Lesser Spotted Woodpecker hollows the tree at about 280 beats per minute. The extraction of insects from under the bark and from wood, he alternates with their collection from branches and from the surface of the trunks.
White-winged woodpecker - a typical inhabitant of tugai and gallery forests, bordering the banks of rivers in deserts. It penetrates far into the sandy zones along the saxaul forests growing in the depressions between the dune ridges. Hollowing out the hollow here is hard work, for the wood of the saxaul is extremely hard.
In the middle of winterbig motley woodpecker for an eight-hour daylight hours, he devotes almost five hours to chiselling cones. It takes almost an hour to select suitable buds, pluck them and install them in the forges. The rest of the time is devoted to rest, cleaning the plumage, protecting the site. Flights take only 4-5 minutes. When crushing a cone, the Great Spotted Woodpecker makes about 130 beats per minute. It takes about 600 strokes to process one pine cone, and 1600 strokes for spruce. To feed, a woodpecker needs to be struck 37,000 times with its beak per day. Great spotted woodpeckers all year round they spend the night in hollows, and the bird uses the once chosen shelter for a very long time. The sleeping woodpecker is sometimes held by its paws on the inner wall and almost never touches the bottom. In winter, the temperature in the woodpecker's hollow is 6-8 ° higher than outside.
[http://birds.clow.ru/data/310.html]
4. The role of birds in human life. Expansion of horizons in the field of knowledge about the world around.
No bird can be absolutely harmful or useful. They, like other animals, can be harmful or beneficial in certain circumstances and at certain times. For example, in the summer rooks feed on insects and their larvae (beetle, turtle bug, caterpillars of the meadow moth and weevils, and others). However, in the spring they can peck out the sown seeds of cereals and garden crops, and in the fall they spoil corn and sunflowers, melons and watermelons, and so on. The pink starling is considered a very useful bird, since its main food is locusts and other orthopterans, but in summer and autumn, flocks of pink starlings can eat juicy fruits (cherries, mulberries, grapes) in gardens and this cause significant harm. Field sparrow and other granivorous birds feed on seeds of cultivated plants, but they feed their chicks with insects, among which there are many pests.
All these examples indicate that the same bird under different conditions can be both useful and harmful. Nevertheless, the vast majority can be considered useful. Birds such as daytime predators, owls, and many passerines are especially valuable. Many birds are important for humans from an economic point of view, these include commercial and hunting species, numerous breeds of poultry.
| THE IMPORTANCE OF BIRDS |
|
| IN NATURE: | FOR MAN: |
| 1. Restrict plant growth. 2. Birds are one of the important components of wildlife. 3. Promotes pollination of flowering plants. 4. Promotes the spread of fruits and seeds, and hence the dispersal of plants. 5. They are the orderlies of the planet - they exterminate sick and weakened animals. 6. Serve as food for other animals (birds, reptiles, mammals). | 1. Limit the number of pests and murine rodents (insectivorous and birds of prey). 2. Attracting birds to the implementation of a biological method of protecting cultivated plants. 3. Commercial and poultry - suppliers of meat, fluff, eggs. 4. Poultry manure is a valuable organic fertilizer. 5. Aesthetic and scientific value. |
[ http://www.bioinformer.ru/binfs-9-1.html]
5. Conclusion.
I want to draw some conclusions from my research:
Each creature, if created by nature, means that it is useful to nature. You cannot destroy a living being!
You have to be noble!
- How many birds die every minute? Each hour? Everyday? Every month? Every year? People! Be kinder! Let us all help them always! Nature will thank us for this!
What conclusions can I draw about the woodpecker:
Highly informative tale Why Muchchki - Where did the woodpecker get a little red riding hood. She teaches us that a true guardian of order should value his position and confirm it with good deeds and a noble attitude, that one should not betray the one who works with you in tandem and envy him. And there is absolutely no place for the position of keeping order for hooligans and those who cannot put things in order in their own lives.
The woodpecker is an excellent builder of hollows, which later serve as a refuge and an excellent nesting place for other birds that settle in the hollows, but are not able to build a house for themselves.
- In summer, it collects various insects on the crowns of trees. And sometimes there are cases when he engages in predation, ruins passerine nests and other birds nesting in hollows.
Woodpeckers are very useful birds that save trees infested with pests, thereby keeping them alive. It happens that a tree looks great, but a pest is already sitting inside. No wonder they say that the woodpecker is the doctor of the forest.
People need to know the peculiarities of woodpeckers' life and not drive them away from their homes, not frighten them while working in the "smithy", because this gives them the opportunity to survive in the cold and hungry winter.
Woodpecker - the doctor of the forest kingdom,
The woodpecker heals without medicine.
Heals lindens, maples, ate,
So that they grow up and don't get sick.
/
Appendix 1
Sly fox and woodpecker
FOLK TRADITIONS OF THE EVENKS 
A very cunning Fox lived in these parts. Once she came to the chum to the Old Man with the Old Woman and said:
- You have no children. I want to be your daughter. The old people accepted Lisa. She lives in the plague for one month, then another. Summer has come warm. In from the Old Man says to the Old Woman:
- We need to get across to the other side. In the summer it is dry there, in the taiga there are many animals and birds, we will hunt. The old men put their things in the boat, asked Lisa to ferry them to the other side. The fox agreed to carry the things, got into the boat and swam. In the middle of the river, she put down her oar and swam farther and farther downstream. The Old Man and the Old Woman guessed that the Fox was running away from them, and began to cry. The woodpecker saw that they were crying, asks:
- Why are you crying?
The old man told the Woodpecker:
- Fox asked for a daughter. Now they decided to move to the other side. We put our things in the boat and asked Lisa to carry these things, and she got into the boat and sailed away. The Old Man's Woodpecker listened and flew to catch up with the Fox. The Woodpecker flew and thought: “What a cunning and mischievous Fox! He always deceives everyone, wants to live at someone else's expense. Even the Old Man did not regret it. Well, wait a minute, Scoundrel Fox! If I catch up, I have to punish you. You will see how to deceive others! “And the Fox was still not visible. She managed to run far away. The Woodpecker flew for a long time. Here he caught up with Lisa and said:
- I flew for a long time. Very tired. Let me sit in the boat and rest.
The fox allowed Woodpecker to get into the boat. He got into the boat, imperceptibly gouged a hole in the bottom and said:
- Water flows into the boat. Let's dock to the shore and fix the boat.
Here we landed on the shore. The woodpecker went to the taiga to collect tar, but the Fox remained in the boat. The Woodpecker brought one bark and twigs, and hid the resin. Fox Woodpecker said:
- I didn't find the resin. I don't know how to search.
The fox herself went to look for the resin. As soon as the Fox left, Woodpecker ground the boat and swam to the Old Man with the Old Woman. Fox came running, started crying and screaming that the Woodpecker had stolen the boat with her things. But who will believe the cunning Fox now? The woodpecker sailed to the Old Man with the Old Woman and gave the boat away. They were glad that the Woodpecker returned their goods to them. For this the old man forged an iron beak and claws for the Woodpecker, and the Old Woman sewed a beautiful red cap. Since then, the Woodpecker has a strong beak, sharp claws, and a red hat.
Sparrow size
Lesser spotted woodpecker Dendrocopus minor
L. 16, weight 23. The back is black, with a white longitudinal stripe; there are no shoulder spots and no “patches” on the shoulders. The crown is red (males) or variegated (females). On the sides there are dark streaks.
They often sit on lateral branches, even thin ones, less often on trunks. They gouge less often than other woodpeckers.
Call: “ki, ki, ki, ki. ... . ", Not very loudly, in a minor tone and higher than that of other woodpeckers.
Broad-leaved oak forests, damp deciduous forests, riparian forests; parks, gardens. Throughout the territory; all year round (in winter they migrate to the south from the northern regions).
Much larger than a sparrow
The lower back is black. White "patches" on the shoulders
Great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopus major
L. 24, weight 89. Black cap with a red nape (male), or completely black (female), or completely red (young). Black "mustaches", white cheeks. Bottom without pink tint; the undertail is bright red.
They move along the tree trunk in jerks in a spiral from the bottom up, in case of danger they immediately break down and, with a characteristic sound, fly over to another tree. All movements are impetuous. They keep solitary (in autumn and winter sometimes in flocks of tits).
Call: loud, energetic "kick-kick-kick ..."; in the spring they drum, striking a dry tree with their beak very quickly: "trrrr .... trrrr ..." - dry loud crackling of various shades. Throughout the territory in forests and parks, all year round.
Woodpecker medium variegated Dendrocopus medius
Smaller woodpecker, with a red cap, poorly developed "whiskers", pinkish-red bottom. Lives in the western and southwestern regions.
Syrian woodpecker Dendrocopus syriacus
Woodpecker with very long "whiskers", black cap, red nape, but without a transverse stripe on the sides of the head. Found in Transcarpathia.
The whole back or just the bottom is light. There are no shoulder patches.
White-backed woodpecker Dendrocopus leucotos
L. 28, weight 108. Very similar to the great spotted woodpecker, but males have a red "cap". On the sides there are longitudinal dark streaks; the undertail is pinkish.
The urge is like other spotted woodpeckers.
Forests, mostly light, birch or mixed. Forest zone; whole year.
Three-toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus
Weight 60, significantly less than the great spotted woodpecker. The "cap" is golden yellow (male) or gray-haired (female). Black cheeks ("grimy"). The legs are three-toed.
The urge is like that of other spotted woodpeckers, but they rarely cry; during the breeding season - chirping and a kind of prolonged cry.
Extensive dense forests (coniferous).