Presentation on the topic of insectivorous birds. Birds of prey are birds that hunt in flight. They have good eyesight, large claws and beak, adapted to capture or kill the victim. Daytime birds of prey

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Daytime birds of prey

In the fauna of Russia, there are 55 species, of which 48 are nesting. The largest birds of prey in our country are the Steller's sea eagle and the black vulture (total length 115 cm, weight 8 - 10 kg, the smallest is the Amur red fawn (length 27 cm, weight 150 g). All types of birds of prey are characterized by a strong, curved crocheted beak. Distributed all over the world: they are not only in Antarctica and on some oceanic islands. Birds of prey form married pairs. Nest once a year. Nests are usually in trees, sometimes in hollows, on rocks, on the ground. Carnivorous (feed in mostly vertebrates, but among them there are many species that hunt exclusively for insects, there are gourmets living on a diet of snails, vultures and condors feed on carrion, and look for food in flight.

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• golden eagle
• kite
• falcon
• hawk

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• The black vulture and the American condor have a wingspan of 3 meters.
• Dwarf falcons have a wingspan of 25 cm and reach a size of 17-20 cm.

• American condor
• Black vulture

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Owl squad

There are 134 species in the detachment. Owls are distributed all over the world, except for Antarctica and some oceanic islands. They are found in a wide variety of conditions - in forests, deserts, tundra, on the mountains (in Tibet up to an altitude of 5000 m). It's nighttime predator birds... All owls have well-developed eyesight and hearing (they see not only at night, but also during the day). Characteristic feature owls is their ability to perceive low-intensity sounds, which is associated with a nocturnal lifestyle and feeding on rodents, which they locate with an accuracy of 1 degree. They breed once a year. Nests are placed in hollows, in rock crevices, often on the ground.

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• Owl
• Owl
• Uplifted owl
• Scops owl

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By killing large numbers of mouse-like rodents, owls are of great benefit agriculture... The tawny owl, for example, catches about a thousand mice and voles during the year, which would eat up to 500 kg of grain during this time.

Therefore, owls of all kinds are subject to strict protection.

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Chicken squad

The fauna of Russia includes 19 species, including pheasant, quail, gray partridge, ptarmigan, capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse. The birds are different in size, dense in build, strong legs, adapted for raking the ground and forest litter. Birds fly fast over short distances. The plumage is short and dense. They nest on the ground. The bird is herbivorous, feeding on insects in summer. Birds often form permanent pairs. The beak is short and dense.

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• Teterev
• Pheasant
• Guinea fowl
• Turkey
• Krax
• Weed chickens

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Consolidation of the learned

• The largest birds of the order of Daytime Birds of Prey?
• Why should the birds of the Owl squad be protected?
• Do birds of the order Chicken form permanent pairs?
• What birds of the studied orders live in our area?

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Quiz "Living synonyms"

Often in Russian speech we use synonyms that can reflect the character of a person, appearance, movement features, conversation features. For example, we say “you stomp like a bear,” “this is a no brainer,” “hungry like a wolf.” And what birds are people compared to when they say:

• It chirps like ...
• Cooler like ...
• Sizzle like ...
• Crack like ...
• To hammer (say the same thing), like ...
• Inflated like ...
• Swim (go smoothly) like ...

"Groups of birds" - Classification of birds. Owl squad. The flight fitness of birds. Common starling - 2001. Black stork - 2004. Variety of birds. Feathers are a tool. Differences between birds and reptiles. Bird class. Subtype Vertebrates. Type Chordates. Kingfisher - 2007 Seagull - 2006. Lark - 1997.

"Types of birds" - Village swallow. Waxwing. Starling. Birds of open water areas. Birds. Wagtail. Sparrow city. Eskil. Common kingfisher. Lake seagull. Types of ecological groups of birds. Birds of open air spaces. general characteristics birds. Birds of near-water spaces. The organism. Oatmeal.

“Bird Species” - The males of the gray goose are slightly larger than the females. Distributed almost throughout Eurasia, excluding the tundra zone, and in North Africa. At the age of 6 months, rhea chicks reach size adult bird... Until recently, sparrowhawks were often observed in settlements. It feeds mainly on insects, does not crush cones.

"Winter Birds" - More fewer birds pests - higher yield. The wood grouse prepares for winter in its own way. Crossbills are very noticeable in the forest. Handsome bullfinches are also waiting for us patiently ... One of the smallest birds in our forests is the kinglet. Northern parrots. Teterev. Birds willingly eat cottage cheese, creamy margarine. Sparrows.

"Bird families" - Tukanet. A little about birds. Blue Andigena. Red heron. The red heron is the most colorful bird of the heron family. Birds.

"The most important orders of birds" - Groups of birds. A large number of murine rodents. Wingspan. Consolidation of the learned. Vulture. Pheasant. Variety of birds of prey. Owl. Living synonyms. Chicken squad. Owl squad. Daytime birds of prey.

Birds in the garden are not just the eaten berries in the trees, as many believe. Most of the feathered guests in our gardens are insectivorous birds. Birds are the best cleaners of the garden, vegetable garden and fields from insects, bugs, caterpillars, which are trying to deprive us of our harvest. Let's get to know the feathered genus of forests, fields and meadows that help in the maintenance of our gardens and vegetable gardens.

The main benefit of birds is that they eat a huge amount of insect pests. Of course, they cannot cope with all of them, but those insects that survived are no longer so scary for the garden. You may have seen birds in your garden such as starlings, flycatchers, swallows, wagtails, redstarts. These birds are already accustomed to people, and we are used to them.

How do birds eat? Where do they collect their food? Every gardener should know that insectivorous birds at the place of "search" for food for themselves and for chicks are divided into 3 groups: 1 group of birds - finches, buntings, blackbirds, rooks, jackdaws, redstarts collect their food mainly in the upper layers of the soil and on the surface soil as well as in grass. Group 2 of birds - wrens, warblers and robins - chose to collect food on the branches of bushes. Group 3 of birds - goldfinches, tits, orioles, warblers - chose trees to search for food.

But we can also distinguish the 4th and 5th groups. The 4th includes the ubiquitous sparrows, because they collect food for themselves and for chicks everywhere. Well, the 5th includes swallows, which catch insects on the fly, which also bring great benefits to gardens. Only when it is raining, the swallows have to starve, because insects do not want to fly at this time. By the way, this probably explains the sign that if the swallows fly low, then it is to rain. Insects probably feel that the rain is approaching and accordingly fly low in order to have time to hide in time. Well, the swallows have no choice but to fly below.

Sparrows Why did I start from these destroyers of cherry orchards? Namely, to show that they are actually very useful and that you, too, treat them with respect. Imagine how sparrows have to work, feeding their 4-5 chicks at a time. And during the season they hatch chicks 2-3 times. And the chicks are not simple, but gluttonous. A sparrow has to fly up to the nest with food for babies about 300 times a day, and each time it is either an insect or a caterpillar. Why did I start out of these destroyers of cherry orchards? Namely, to show that they are actually very useful and that you, too, treat them with respect. Imagine how sparrows have to work, feeding their 4-5 chicks at a time. And during the season they hatch chicks 2-3 times. And the chicks are not simple, but gluttonous. A sparrow has to fly up to the nest with food for babies about 300 times a day, and each time it is either an insect or a caterpillar. If in the spring you see sparrows picking at the flowers of the apple tree, then do not drive them away. You can say they are doing you a tremendous service, because the sparrows pick out apple flower beetles from there. If in the spring you see sparrows picking at the flowers of the apple tree, then do not drive them away. You can say they are doing you a tremendous service, because the sparrows pick out apple flower beetles from there. Yes, you may have seen flocks of sparrows in the gardens and fields in the second half of the summer. It seems that they will eat the entire crop. This is what the Chinese thought at one time. Their government decided that the sparrows were actually eating them. Well, what do they do with pests? Usually they try to destroy. So the authorities decided to get rid of the sparrows, which did a great service for the real pests of the fields. Harmful insects multiplied so much that the Chinese had no choice but to bring sparrows from neighboring countries. So do not repeat the mistakes of the Chinese, do not drive sparrows from your garden. Yes, you can scare them with a stuffed gardener, but in no case destroy the helper sparrows. Yes, you may have seen flocks of sparrows in the gardens and fields in the second half of the summer. It seems that they will eat the entire crop. This is what the Chinese thought at one time. Their government decided that the sparrows were actually eating them. Well, what do they do with pests? Usually they try to destroy. So the authorities decided to get rid of the sparrows, which did a great service for the real pests of the fields. Harmful insects multiplied so that the Chinese had no choice but to bring sparrows from neighboring countries. So do not repeat the mistakes of the Chinese, do not drive sparrows from your garden. Yes, you can scare them with a stuffed gardener, but in no case destroy the helper sparrows.

Tits Tits are mainly insectivorous birds and only occasionally feed on some seeds. They love to look for food on the branches of garden trees, and they collect pests at various stages of their development. Tits collect eggs and larvae of pests, as well as adult shkodniks of garden trees. This bird copes well with moth caterpillars. During the summer, one pair of tits can clear nearly 40 apple trees from pests. The titmouse incubates chicks 2 times per season and often there are about 7 of these chicks at a time, or even more. To feed the chicks, the titmouse has to fly 400 times to the nest with food during the day.

Starlings Starlings are migratory forest birds, but they liked living in birdhouses so much that they happily settle in our gardens. Starlings mainly look for their food on the surface of the earth and only sometimes in trees. Therefore, they can be attributed to the first group of birds. Starlings eat various larvae, and they catch them so quickly that the larvae rarely manage to hide. These birds lay eggs 2 times per season. Their chicks are also quite voracious, like those of tits and sparrows.

Rooks Rooks like to settle closer to people, although by nature they are forest birds. They eat mainly insects and their larvae, and most of them are pests. They catch both beetles and wireworms. You will see a rook picking in the ground in the field or in the garden, do not drive it away. At this time, he can look for the next pest. A pair of rooks brings a gram of different insects to their chicks every day. By the way, rooks can even eat a vole, because they are not completely small birds.

What else is the use of birds in the garden? I think everyone will agree that it is very pleasant to hear birds singing. But it turns out that not only we love their singing. Plants are also not indifferent to the beautiful songs of the birds. You do not need to drive sparrows, swallows, rooks and other small birds from your gardens or gardens, think, they are doing you good.

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Diurnal birds of prey 290 species of diurnal birds of prey. Families of diurnal birds of prey: Falcon (62 species), Hawk (224 species), American vulture (7 species), Secretaries.

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Nocturnal birds of prey There are about 135 species of these birds. Owls, owls, owls, tawny owls belong to the order of owls.

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Food of birds of prey Birds of prey eat very diversely, insects, invertebrates, amphibians, fish, rodents, mammals and other birds.

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Common features of birds of prey are a hooked beak, long sharp claws on strong legs, keen eyesight

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Owl The voice of the owl is one of the wonders of the night. In terms of strength, depth and the impression it makes in the night forest, there is no sound equal to it. Only fish owls can compete with an owl in this regard. However, their songs and shouts are more monotonous.

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Owls The earliest signs of an owl are its large head and muzzle with large, round, forward-looking eyes, which are surrounded by a facial disc.

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Plumage and flight of an owl The plumage of these birds, as a rule, is thick and soft, the tail is rectangular, and the wings are relatively large, rounded, moreover, in those species that hunt under the canopy of the forest, they are short, and in those who prefer open areas or often make flights - long. In comparison with the body weight, the wings of an owl are large, so that it flies and glides without much effort and is completely silent.

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Sight and Hearing Owls have keen eyesight and hearing. Their large eyes are adapted for hunting in low light conditions. It is often said that owls see well in the dark, but poorly in daylight, but neither one nor the other opinion is true. An owl, since its eyes look forward, like a person, has binocular vision, but its wider field is achieved due to the bird's ability to turn its head almost 180 degrees.

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Owl hunting The overwhelming majority of night hunters look out for their prey, silently circling over a certain sector, into which they divide their lands, where they make systematic fishing. Or, motionlessly sitting in a convenient place - on a branch or a post - they look out for a victim on the ground: not the slightest movement of a shrew or vole will escape their keen eyesight and subtlest hearing. European species require 16-48% of their own body weight per day.

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Vultures The black vulture is the largest bird of prey in our fauna. The head is large, covered with down; beak massive, high, laterally compressed, beak with long and sharp hook; the nostrils are wide and rounded. The legs are short and thick, the toes are long with blunt and slightly curved claws. The wings are long and wide, the forearm is very long. The tail is wedge-shaped,

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Vultures Feeding Vultures feed on carrion, mainly the carcasses of large animals, which it searches for, soaring at high altitudes.

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Eagles Eagles in mythology. In ancient Greece, he was a symbol of the Sun, meant spiritual strength, victory and good luck. The Romans called him the bird of the storm, carrying the lightning of Jupiter. In Mithraism, the eagle and the falcon are attributes of the solar god Mithra. Among the Egyptians, he is also a solar symbol, acting in the form of Aha, the son of Horus. The eagle also represents the letter A in Egyptian hieroglyphics, meaning the beginning, the warmth of the sun.

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Handsome birds! The eagle bird is a very famous winged predator. The genus of eagles is distributed throughout the globe. They are birds of prey and have very good eyesight. When hunting, as a rule, they hover high above the surface of the earth, relying on sight to find prey. The composition of food depends on the species and habitat of birds, but in all cases, eagles are at the highest steps of the trophic pyramids. Rodents, snakes, lizards and small mammals can be the object of their hunt.

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Bird protection! Day and night predators are also constant regulators of game abundance, which has been proven by experiments in Scandinavia, Great Britain and other places. Western Europe... Studies have shown that the extermination of birds of prey not only does not contribute to an increase in the livestock of game, but, on the contrary, is the cause of their mass death from diseases: the lack of "culling" of the sick and weak leads to mass disease and mass death of game. It must be remembered that in nature there are no and cannot be absolutely useful or absolutely harmful birds. Birds of prey are useful for humans, as they destroy many agricultural pests.

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Birds of prey are birds that hunt in flight. They have good eyesight, large claws and beak, adapted to capture or kill a victim.

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Typology of birds of prey

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Groups of birds of prey

Most of the daytime birds of prey are classified as falconifers:

• Falcon
• Hawk
• Skopin
• Secretaries

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Falcon family

Birds of this family are recognized by the tooth on the upper mandible, which corresponds to the notch on the mandible. This is an ancient and persistent trait that has important functional significance: with the help of a prong, the falcon quickly kills the victim, tearing off its head.

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Falcon - peregrine falcon is found in all parts of the globe, but is rare everywhere. It always lives near large open spaces, since the way of hunting requires space. This is one of the swift and fastest flyers. It hunts for birds, which it beats on the fly, less often it takes prey from the ground. Before attacking, the peregrine falcon soars up sharply, then, folding its wings, rushes downward, while developing a speed of up to 75 km per hour.

Swooping down on the victim - ducks, pigeons, partridges, waders, crows, blackbirds, starlings - he hits them with the claws of his hind fingers, sharp and crooked, like a Turkish scimitar. Sometimes the speed that a peregrine falcon develops in flight can reach 300 km per hour.

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Falcon - Saker Falcon nests in island forests, occupying the nests of crows and herons. Able to beat a bird on the fly and grab prey (ground squirrels, voles) from the ground.

The nests are repaired with dry branches and shrub shoots, the tray is lined with animal hair, pieces of dry tarbagan and ground squirrel skin. The male feeds the female during the incubation period. Chicks are fed by small birds, ground squirrels, voles, pikas. After a month and a half, the chicks begin to fly.

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During the hunt, the kestrel hangs in the air, often flapping its wings, and looks out for prey. Noticing a mouse or a large insect, it rapidly falls down. An adult kestrel eats about a dozen rodents per day. The visual acuity of the common kestrel is 2.6 times higher than that of a human. A person with such vision could read the entire table for an eye test from a distance of 90 meters.

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Hawk family

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Goshawks strictly adhere to their territory, and the nesting pair before and during the construction of the nest clearly demonstrates air pirouettes. If anyone invades their territory, the couple will desperately defend it. The individual territory of males, as a rule, is higher than that of females.

Like other hawks, goshawks communicate with each other by means of sound signals, emitting a high, sonorous cry. Especially their communication is noticeable during nesting, when both the male and the female emit the same vibrating sounds, only the female's voice turns out lower and louder

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Sparrowhawk is found in the southern part of the forest zone. Lives in various forest areas, but does not fly deep into the forest, more often near open places. A hawk's nest can be found in the remains of eaten prey - small birds. Chicks hatch in late June - early July. In the first half of August, chicks are already able to fly.

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Eagles are large and medium sized birds. They are characterized by feathering of the legs to the very toes.

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Looney are inhabitants of open spaces. Looking for prey, the harriers fly low above the ground, slowly flapping their wings and making circular flights. Breeds and rests on the ground.

• Field harrier
• Marsh harrier

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The golden eagle is one of the most famous birds of prey of the hawk family, the largest eagle. Distributed in the northern hemisphere, where it lives mainly in the mountains, to a lesser extent on flat open and semi-open landscapes. Avoids residential areas, sensitive to human anxiety.

Among the nomadic peoples of Central Asia, mainly Kazakhs, Kyrgyz and Mongols, the golden eagle is used as a hunting bird for hunting corsac foxes, hares, and sometimes wolves, saigas and gazelles.

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Eagles are large predators with a high powerful beak and tarsus, feathered only in the upper part.

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Female white-tailed eagles weigh up to 5 kg. Inhabits the shores of seas, large lakes and rivers. Breeds on rocks or trees. In clutch there are 2 - 3 eggs. It feeds mainly on large fish, eats garbage near fisheries, as well as carrion.

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The food of the kite is varied: in the steppe and fields it catches mouse-like rodents, gophers, chicks of various birds, lizards; in the floodplains of rivers - corncrake, ducklings, tern chicks; in settlements - chickens.

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The black kite is found everywhere, with the exception of the tundra and northern taiga. Nests in tall trees, building large nests construction material which is constantly being updated. A characteristic feature of a kite's nest is the presence of rags, pieces of newspaper, and cigarette boxes in them.

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Skopin family

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Osprey's main food is medium-sized fish. However, in the absence or small number of fish, the osprey feeds on small mammals (rodents - ground squirrels, mice, etc.), frogs, and occasionally birds. Osprey catches fish in a very peculiar way. The osprey flies at a height of 20-25 m above the reservoir. Seeing prey, folds its wings and, stretching out its paws, throws itself into the water, sometimes completely plunging into it. The fish, depending on the size, captures either with two paws, or with one. Although the osprey feeds on useful fish, it should not be considered harmful to the fish industry, since this bird is rare and small in number. In many countries, the osprey is protected as an interesting natural monument.

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Family Secretaries