Yak 130 training jet aircraft. Russian aviation. Aerodynamics and general layout
Yak-130 (NATO classification: Mitten - mitten) - UBS combat training aircraft created in the OKB im. Yakovlev in collaboration with the Italian company Aermacchi. The aircraft is intended to replace the outdated L-39 trainer aircraft in the Russian Air Force. During the development process, joint work with the Italians was suspended due to disagreements, and each of the firms implemented their concept independently. The Yak-130 became the first aircraft that was a completely new development (and not an upgrade of existing machines) created in Russia after the collapse of the USSR. In the tender for the supply of a new combat training aircraft to the Air Force, he bypassed the MiG-AT. Need russian army in such aircraft is about 250 units.
The Yak-130 is equipped with a digital integrated control system developed by MIEA - KSU-130, which performs the functions of an active flight safety system, automatic control. This system allows for training purposes to reprogram the characteristics of controllability and stability of the aircraft, depending on the type of simulated aircraft. The Yak-130 is an UBS that allows training pilots for aircraft belonging to the 4th and 5th generations (MiG-29, Su-30, F-15 and F-16, Eurofighter Typhoon and Rafale, F-22, F-35, and also PAK FA). Yak-130 has an electronic display system, which is built on 3 liquid crystal multifunctional digital displays (MFCI) measuring 15 by 20 cm without electromechanical devices.
The Yak-130 is a classic monoplane with a swept mid-wing and all-turning horizontal tail. Developed sloshes located in front of the wing provide stable control of the vehicle at angles of attack up to 35 degrees. The aircraft is equipped with a tricycle retractable landing gear with low pressure pneumatics. The use of this chassis allows the operation of the machine on unpaved airfields. The auxiliary power plant TA-14, which has an alternating current electric generator, allows autonomous operation of the Yak-130 in the event of emergency situations or at remote aerodromes, and can also be applied in flight.
The aircraft is equipped with a digital fly-by-wire control system, which has a fourfold redundancy. Each pilot's seat is equipped with ejection seats belonging to the "0-0" class. Ejection is carried out "through the canopy" of the cockpit and provides a safe escape by the crew in various emergency situations, including at zero speed and zero flight altitude.
The UBS concept assumes the presence of various weapons on the Yak-130 and the possibility of modeling combat use different types of aircraft. The aircraft has 8 hardpoints under the wing and one under the fuselage. This allows the aircraft to carry up to 3000 kg. payload including various missiles, bombs and containers with various equipment. An option is envisaged according to which the Yak-130 can be equipped with an in-air refueling system.
Serial production of the Yak-130 is planned to be deployed at 2 aircraft factories - in Irkutsk and in Nizhny Novgorod. At present, reports on the number of ordered aircraft are constantly changing, it is believed that by 2015 the Russian Air Force should receive more than 60 aircraft of this type to meet the priority needs for the training of military pilots. Over time, these machines will have to completely replace the fleet of outdated combat training aircraft L-39, according to rough estimates, this should happen within 10-13 years. It is the Yak-130 that will become the basis of the Russian combat training aviation. As of December 2012, the Russian Air Force has 26 aircraft of this type.
The new aircraft turned out to be significantly more expensive and heavier than the previous L-39, but at the same time acquired completely new qualities that allow it to be used not only as a flying training desk, but also as a light attack aircraft, fighter-bomber, reconnaissance aircraft and electronic warfare aircraft. In all these cases, changes are required at the level of 15% of the base model. A variant of creation on the basis of the Yak-130 of a family of promising attack unmanned aerial vehicles "Breakthrough" is also being worked out, in this case the volume of processing will already be 60%.
The performance characteristics of the Yak-130:
Dimensions: wingspan - 9.84 m, fighter length - 11.49 m, height - 4.76 m.
Normal take-off weight of the aircraft is 7,230 kg, maximum take-off weight is 10,290 kg.
Fuel capacity - 1700 liters.
Engine type - 2 turbojet engine AI-222-25, thrust - 2x2500 kgf
Practical range - 1,600 km, with PTB - 2,300 km.
Service ceiling - 12,500 m.
Crew - 2 people.
Italian UBS M-346
The closest foreign analogue, practically the brother of the Russian aircraft, is the Italian M-346, which was originally developed jointly by the OKB. Yakovlev and the Italian company L'Alenia Aermacchi. At the final stage of the project, the parties had insoluble differences, and they stopped the joint development. As a result, each of the 2 firms received full technical documentation to the basic version of the future aircraft (glider). After that, their own UBS models were released. At the same time, the Italian UBS M-346 retained the marketing and distribution rights around the world, with the exception of the CIS, including Russia. The CIS market is completely given to the Russian Yak-130.
The aircraft was first unveiled to the public at the Farnborough Air Show in July 2008. The use of titanium and composite materials in the aircraft structure has reduced its weight by about 700 kg. compared with the original prototype Yak-130D, which had a positive effect on the characteristics of the aircraft.
It is noticeable that the Italian combat training aircraft retained a tail section similar to the Yak-130D (demonstrator), as well as a vertical aerodynamic ridge at the junction of the influx and wing. At the same time, the shape of the nose cone has changed, a rod for refueling in the air has appeared, the chassis is retracted in a completely different way. This aircraft is currently being actively promoted on the market. The largest contract so far has been with Israel. In February 2012, the Israeli Air Force purchased 30 M-346 Master aircraft for a deal worth $ 1 billion. It is assumed that the first UBS will be delivered to the country in 2014. It is noteworthy that the Yak-130 and M-346 compete with themselves in contracts for the supply of UBS for the Air Force of the Philippines and Malaysia.
The performance characteristics of the M-346:
Dimensions: wingspan - 9.72 m, fighter length - 11.49 m, height - 4.76 m.
Wing area - 23.52 sq. m.
Normal takeoff weight - 6,700 kg, maximum takeoff - 9,500 kg.
Fuel capacity - 1950 l.
Engine type - 2 turbojet engines ITEC (Honeywell) F124-GA-200, thrust - 2x2835 kgf.
The maximum speed at the ground is 1060 km / h.
Practical range - 2,000 km.
Practical ceiling - 13,700 m.
Crew - 2 people.
Armament: suspension points 9, maximum load - 3000 kg.
Chinese UBS L-15
Another aircraft close in spirit, almost a relative, is the Chinese multipurpose combat training aircraft L-15, created by HAIG in Nanchang with direct advice from the OBK. Yakovleva. Unlike the Yak-130 and its Italian counterpart, the M-346, the Chinese L-15 is a supersonic combat training aircraft. It is designed to train pilots flying J-10 and J-11 fighters. The possibility of supersonic flights predetermined the presence of an engine with an afterburner. Thanks to this feature, the aircraft, especially in its rear, differs significantly from the Yak-130 and M-346, for the same reason the aircraft have different tail units. Although in the side view the L-15 is not much different from the Russian and Italian aircraft.
As the basis for the power plant of the Chinese L-15, it is supposed to use 2 AI-222-25F afterburners, which are being developed by the Ukrainian ZMKB Progress named after Ivchenko based on the existing AI-222-25 engine, which is used on the Russian Yak-130. The L-15 is equipped with a digital EDSU and has modern avionics. Unlike its Russian and Italian brothers, it is equipped with a built-in 23mm cannon. On external suspensions, the aircraft can carry weapons of various classes, both guided and unguided. The plane made its first flight on March 13, 2006.
The UBS design is 25% made of carbon composite materials, including its tail unit and flaps. The aircraft is expected to operate for 10,000 flight hours, or about 30 years. In 2010, a version with forced twin engines AI-222-25F was presented. The new version is called L-15 Lift. Thanks to the modernization, the maneuverability of the aircraft was brought to the maneuverability of fighters belonging to the 3rd generation. At the same time, the L-15 Lift is not inferior to the French Mirage 2000 and the American F-16 in terms of climb rate. Currently, the aircraft is participating in the PRC Air Force tender for a new generation combat trainer.
The performance characteristics of the L-15 Lift:
Dimensions: wingspan - 9.48 m, fighter length - 12.27 m, height - 4.81 m.
Normal take-off weight of the aircraft is 6,500 kg, maximum take-off weight is 9,500 kg.
Engine type - 2 turbojet engine AI-222-25F, thrust - 2x2500 kgf., Afterburner 2x4200kgf.
The maximum speed is 1715 km / h (1.6M).
Combat radius - 550 km.
Ferry range - 3,100 km.
Practical ceiling - 16,500 m.
Crew - 2 people.
Armament: 23-mm automatic cannon, 6 suspension points, maximum load - 3,000 kg.
Sources of information:
-http: //pkk-avia.livejournal.com/45401.html
-http: //www.irkut.com/ru/services/projects/yak130
-http: //igor113.livejournal.com/53057.html
-http: //ru.wikipedia.org
Throughout more than a century of aviation history, "flying desks" were machines of obsolete types. It was believed that the future pilot must learn control skills first on something simple, before getting into the cockpit of a modern aircraft. This tradition was violated by the designers of the OKB im. A. S. Yakovleva and NPK Irkut, who created the Yak-130 aircraft, the technical characteristics of which are very close to the parameters of the interceptors of the fourth, and in some ways even the fifth generation.
"Winged desks"
For four decades, flight schools have been using the Czechoslovak L-29 and L-39 for aerial training. Earlier, future pilots were trained on the Yak-52, and even earlier - on the Yak-18. Before the war, the famous U-2 (aka Po-2) served as a "flying desk". After the collapse of the USSR and the entire socialist camp, the machines that made up the technical fleet of higher aviation schools were aging, and not only morally, but also in the simplest, physical sense. Stopped deliveries not only of the aircraft themselves, but also of spare parts, and the service life was steadily running out. The situation was aggravated by the lagging technical training base from the real situation in the Air Force units, which began to receive the latest interceptors and front-line complexes MiG-29 and Su-27. On the L-39, training pilots for modern aircraft became problematic, if not impossible. In addition, there was a flight training school in Russia that enjoyed a high international reputation, and it would be wrong to lose this market.
In the early 90s, the command of the USSR initiated the beginning of design and development work in the field of creating the latest training aircraft. Ultimately, the Yak-130 was recognized as the best: its technical characteristics to the greatest extent corresponded to the wishes of the military. This did not happen, however, immediately, there was a competition ahead.
Competitive selection
Four design bureaus presented their views on the UTK (training complex) at the beginning of 1991:
- Sukhoi Design Bureau.
ANPK "MiG".
OKB them. A.S. Yakovleva.
EMZ them. V.M. Myasishcheva.
The TTZ was drawn up somewhat vaguely, and for this reason the concepts were significantly different. Sukhoi Design Bureau proposed the S-54 model, which is a version of the Su-27 interceptor adapted for learning objectives... This machine was more suitable for training already experienced pilots than for beginners. The Mikoyanites, realizing the economic difficulties in the country, took the path of minimizing costs, and as a result, they got an inexpensive aircraft that did not quite meet the aspirations of the Air Force. The Myasishchev Design Bureau approached the issue creatively, proposing a complex version, consisting of a "winged desk" and a ground training complex, but they got carried away a little, and their project turned out to be too expensive, besides, not twin-engine, as indicated in the TK. The Yakovlevites turned out to be the most successful of all, who managed to comply with almost all requirements in the most optimal way. Arrow-shaped, the closest to the modern scheme, flight performance of the Yak-130, as well as a set additional options in the form of functional and procedural PC-based simulators and display classes provided certain advantages. According to the decision of the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Air Force, contracts were concluded with two OKBs - Mikoyan and Yakovlev, who were offered to work together.
Foreign partners
Problems with state financing of the first years of the existence of independent Russia are well known. To ensure the solution of the assigned tasks, design bureaus were faced with the need to find investors. In particular, the French firms Turbomeka (engines) and Thomson (avionics), which are experiencing difficulties in connection with the closure of the Alpha Jet program, showed interest in the project. The Italians (the aircraft manufacturer Ermacchi), who are also pressed by the British in the market, also expressed their intention to cooperate. At this point, another important marketing aspect was realized, which was that a "clean" training aircraft is unlikely to be in high demand in the market, but if it can be used as a combat aircraft, then it is another matter. It turned out that the Yak-130 is quite suitable for this, the tactical and technical characteristics of which, including the operational radius, the mass of the lifted load, speed and maneuverability, corresponded to foreign requirements.
Aerodynamics and general layout
Some changes in the requirements were reflected in the appearance of the glider: its nose became rounder (now it has a radar or optical location station). Now it was necessary to train not only Russian, but also foreign pilots, and this should be taken into account in the design of the Yak-130. Specifications the latest machines, both the Russian Su-27 and MiG-29 and the American F-16, have been thoroughly analyzed. It turned out that the aircraft needed to increase the maximum angle of attack to 40 ° and even higher. In general, super-maneuverability was needed. The overall aerodynamics turned out to be similar to the scheme adopted for the fifth generation of interceptors, including a special wing shape and high mechanization, all-turning stabilizers and a forward-shifted vertical tail.
Simulator and Demonstrator
The most important condition for the creation of a new training aircraft was the use of the latest digital technologies. All onboard systems are based on Russian instruments and equipment, including an integrated digital fly-by-wire control system and the ability to reprogram to determine the type of aircraft that the pilot is to fly. In addition, in the initial period of training, the plane is "loyal" to the novice cadet, he forgives him mistakes, and then becomes more and more strict. The Russian Air Force most often simulates flights on Su and MiGs, but, in principle, there is nothing difficult in creating a complete illusion of control of the European Mirage-2000, Rafal, Typhoon or American F-18, F- 16 and F-15 and even F-35, having introduced their tactical and technical characteristics into the simulator program. Yak-130D (an additional letter means "demonstrator") made its first flight in April 1996.
External suspensions
If necessary, the aircraft can be used as a strike unit.
Up to three tons of missiles or bombs can be carried by the Yak-130. The technical characteristics, including the rate of climb and maneuverability, of a fully loaded vehicle will, of course, deteriorate, but this is permissible in the case of assault strikes under air domination conditions.
Following the general concept of versatility, the designers equipped the aircraft with eight hardpoints under the wings and one ventral pylon. Armaments can be completed in various combinations:
UR R-73 "air-to-air" - 4 pcs.
UR X-25M "air-to-surface" - 4 pcs.
NURS in blocks UB-32, PU-O-25 and other calibers (from 57 to 266 mm) - according to the number of suspensions.
Air bombs 250 or 500 kg (including concrete-piercing bombs) - according to mass restrictions.
RBK-500 bomb cassettes.
Incendiary tanks ZB-500.
Cannon containers.
To increase the combat radius, one or three pylons can be used for suspension
Characteristics
Objective indicators are impressive, especially considering the relatively small size and weight of the Yak-130.
Flight performance of the Yak-130:
Government order
At the end of the millennium, the production of military pilots was significantly reduced in comparison with Soviet times. However, in addition to the schools, of which there are only three left, flight personnel retraining centers are in need of a new machine. In addition, the price of fuel in the last decade has grown significantly, and in terms of its economy of consumption (only 600 l / h), the modern Yak-130 compares favorably with the usual L-39. the possibility of teaching piloting on machines of different types - all this determined the beginning of the serial production of the new UTI.
Perspectives
The main customer is the Russian Air Force. The aircraft is produced at NAZ "Sokol" at a rate of about a dozen aircraft annually. The formation of training regiments in Krasnodar is planned. Air Force Commander General of the Army V. Mikhailov personally tested the Yak-130. The aircraft's technical characteristics, maneuverability, wide speed range and ease of control made a good impression on him. In the coming years, the number of machines in educational departments and retraining centers is planned to be increased to three hundred, and experts estimate the total market capacity, including foreign buyers, at 1000.
The Russian Air Force continues to master the new Yak-130 combat training aircraftdesigned to replace the Czech L-39 Albatros training aircraft. For more than 40 years "Albatrosses" have served and continue to serve for training pilots in many countries of the world, but they no longer meet the requirements of the current day. To replace them, a new Yak-130 combat training aircraft was created in Russia, which ensures high efficiency of training for pilots who are to fly on 4+ generation fighters and fifth generation airlines (, MiG-29, F-16 and F-15, Rafale and Eurofighter Typhoon, F-22,).
The Yak-130 aircraft is equipped with a fly-by-wire control system, which is able to independently limit the limiting values \u200b\u200bof the angle of attack and overload, thereby correcting piloting errors and preventing the aircraft from entering dangerous flight conditions. The maximum angle of attack is 35 degrees.
Specifications
Crew: 1 or 2 people
Length: 11.49 m
Wingspan: 9.72 m
Height: 4.76 m
Empty weight: 4600 kg
Normal takeoff weight: 5700 kg
Maximum takeoff weight: 10290 kg
Power plant: 2 × turbojet engine AI-222-25
Thrust: 2 × 2500 kgf
Flight characteristics
Maximum speed: 1060 km / h
Practical range: 2000 km (with full internal refueling)
Thrust-to-weight ratio: 0.9
Armament
Small arms: cannon containers UPK-23-250 with 23 mm cannons and 250 rounds of ammunition each - 2-4 pcs
Combat load: 3000 kg
Guided missiles: air-to-air close-combat missiles R-73, R-77 - 2-4 pcs
Unguided rockets: B8M-1 blocks with S-8 unguided rockets - 2-4 pcs.
Bombs: adjustable and conventional
The propulsion system of the aircraft consists of two modern economical engines AI-222-25, providing the Yak-130 with a high thrust-to-weight ratio, and an auxiliary power unit, which increases the autonomy of the aircraft operation. The cockpit, equipped with large (15x20 cm) colored multifunctional indicators, is fully consistent with the “glass cockpit” concept, and the controls are with the HOTAS concept.
An important feature Yak-130 is the ability to simulate a real combat situation for a trained pilot... On the multifunctional indicator in real time, target marks from the radar, messages about equipment failures, etc. are simulated. The airframe resource of the Yak-130 aircraft is 10,000 hours, and the service life is 30 years... At the same time, the operation of the aircraft is carried out "on condition", which significantly reduces operating costs. Russian experts have calculated that the cost of operating the Yak-130 is 6-7 times lower than, for example, the MiG-29UB .
Besides being used as a teaching Yak-130 can be effectively used as a light combat aircraft... The range of weapons used includes guided air-to-air missiles, corrected aerial bombs, unguided missiles and bombs, and an air cannon. Armament with a total mass of up to 3000 kg can be placed on 9 suspension points.
By the way, the choice of this aircraft as a promising training aircraft for front-line aviation for the Russian Air Force was not least due to the fact that the Yak-130 is a combat training aircraft capable of working as a light attack aircraft.
In addition to the Russian Air Force, the buyer of the aircraft is Algeria. This country should receive 16 Yak-130, ordered under a major contract for the supply of aircraft russian production, which also includes multifunctional fighters Su-30MKA. Interest in the new Russian combat trainer aircraft is shown in many foreign countries... It would also fit well into the air forces of the Central Asian and Transcaucasian states.
The simplicity of the aircraft design, high reliability of the power plant and on-board equipment, a long service life, the possibility of autonomous deployment, as well as ease of maintenance, combined with low operating costs and excellent flight performance, allow highly efficient pilot training on the Yak-130 aircraft in a short time. and also solve various combat missions. Undoubtedly, the new Russian combat trainer aircraft will have as long a life as the Albatross.
/Based on materials oborona.ru and ru.wikipedia.org /
Yak-130 (NATO classification: Mitten - mitten)- the combat training aircraft is intended as a replacement in the BBC of Russia for the L-39 training aircraft, which are now completely outdated. During the development of the aircraft, the joint work of the Russians and Italians was suspended due to disagreements, and each company considered it necessary to develop its own aircraft concept. Yak-130 can be called the first air vehicle, which was completely new development (it was not a modernized version of previously existing aircraft) created in Russia for all the years after the collapse of the USSR.
NATO really has reasons to fear the Yak-130. The aircraft has three suspension points under each wing and one suspension assembly located under the fuselage. The aircraft can carry up to three tons of a modern armed arsenal. For example, air-to-surface and air-to-air missiles, high-precision guided bombs, guided missiles, free-fall bombs, cannon containers and outboard fuel tanks. An option is also envisaged in which the aircraft is equipped with a system for refueling directly in the air.
In addition, the aircraft has the ability to place a 23 mm cannon under the fuselage, and air-to-air missiles can be installed on the wings. The weight of the fueled and armed aircraft is 10,300 kg. This is half the maximum takeoff weight of the F-16 (which has a maximum takeoff weight of 21772 kg), which is the main fighter of the United States Air Force and other allied countries.
If two more fuel tanks are hung under the wings of a Russian plane and a cannon and a couple of 200-kilogram bombs are placed on it, then the combat radius of the fighter will increase to 1,700 kilometers. Such a good figure outperforms the F-16, which with two bombs, missiles and outboard fuel tanks has a radius of 1,350 km.
The Yak-130 equipment includes an integrated digital control system, which was developed by MIEA - KSU-130 and provides control of the safety system during the flight, control of automation. This system, within the framework of training objectives, allows simulating the controllability and stability of other aircraft models.
The electronic display system in the Yak-130 is built on three multifunctional liquid crystal digital devices (MFCs), measuring 15 by 20 cm (without electromechanical type devices). The Yak-130 is a kind of monoplane, belonging to the classical scheme with all-rotating horizontal tail and swept mid-wing. Developed nodules, which are located in front of the wing, are capable of providing stable control of the aircraft at angles of attack up to 35 degrees.
The air vehicle is equipped with a low-pressure pneumatic tricycle chassis, which can be quickly retracted if necessary. The use of this mechanism makes it possible to operate the aircraft on unpaved airfields. The auxiliary power-type TA-14 installation, which has an alternating current generator, allows for autonomous operation of the aircraft, if emergency situations suddenly arise or, if necessary, to carry out work at remote aerodromes, and it is also applicable in flights.
The well-known Yak-130 multipurpose combat training aircraft was called by American specialists "a little horror that NATO should be afraid of." This phrase was written in the newspaper The National Interestraquo, published in Canada and the United States. The Yak-130 aircraft (NATO classification: Mitten - mitten) belongs to the combat training type UBS. It was created in the OKB im. Yakovleva in cooperation with Aermacchi from Italy ..
The Yak-130 is equipped with a fly-by-wire digital control system with four-fold redundancy. The pilots' seat is an ejection seat, which belongs to the "0-0" class.
Ejection can be equipped "through the canopy" of the cockpit and is aimed at ensuring the safe exit of the aircraft by the crew in the event of various emergency situations, for example, at zero flight altitude or zero speed.
The UBS concept assumes that the Yak-130 will have different types weapons and the ability to simulate the combat use of different types of aircraft.
The Russian fighter was chosen as the base machine on which the Russian Air Force flight personnel will be trained. The Yak-130 can train pilots for foreign and Russian combat aircraft belonging to the "4+" and "5" categories (Su-30, Eurofighter Typhoon and Rafale, MiG-29, F-22, F-15 and F-16 , F-35, as well as PAK FA).
Now these training fighters are in service with the BBC Algeria. The country's leadership has signed contracts implying the sale of aircraft to Belarus and Bangladesh.
In December 2009, the state tests of the aircraft were successfully completed. Since February 2010, the fighters entered service with the Russian Air Force. The Irkut Corporation is now engaged in the production of these fighters.
The production of the Yak-130 turned out to be much more expensive than the previous analogue of the L-39, but, despite this, the aircraft received completely new characteristics, allowing, with a slight refinement of the basic model (about 15%), to use the Yak-130 not only for training pilots, but also as a light attack aircraft, scout, fighter-bomber and electronic warfare aircraft. It is also possible to work out a variant of creating on the basis of this aircraft several promising Proryv attack unmanned aerial vehicles, while the size of processing will already be about 60%.
Now information on the number of ordered aircraft is changing, but it is believed that by 2015 the Russian Air Force will receive more than 60 aircraft of this type. This is necessary in order to meet the needs for training personnel - military pilots.
At the MAKS-2015 air show, one could see the latest aircraft model, which has a built-in laser rangefinder. The company representatives mention that the device was assembled at the request of foreign customers.
The presence of a range finder significantly increases the effectiveness of a combat fighter in the framework of the use of the machine against targets on the ground, and will also allow work in mountainous terrain and increase the accuracy of determining the coordinates of targets and the existing range of destructive weapons.
But of course the plane is not without its flaws. The dynamics of deliveries and the number of failures of this type of aircraft are shown below:
|
|
Number of aircraft on the list |
amount serviceable aircraft |
Plaque per year, h |
Number of A / T failures |
Narab. to refuse |
|
2011 | |||||
|
year 2012 | |||||
|
year 2013 | |||||
|
year 2014 | |||||
|
2015 year |
As can be seen from the brief analysis, the serviceability of the new aircraft remains very low. Practical retraining of flight personnel for the Yak-130 aircraft was combined with trial operation, which introduced additional difficulties in the organization of flight operations (for example: the lack of a simulator, educational literature, etc.). The total flight time of the Yak-130 aircraft was 5090 hours. In 2013, she began training 25 cadets on the Yak-130 aircraft. But due to the low serviceability of aviation equipment, they were forced to reduce the number of trainees on the Yak-130 to 15 people. In 2013 (two years after the start of operation of the Yak-130 !!!), the STBP-130 simulator was received, installed and put into operation, which provided significant assistance in the training of both cadets and flight instructors.
An operational disadvantage of aviation technology can be considered the impossibility of using a brake flap at an indicated flight speed of more than 600 km / h, provided that aerobatics is performed in the entire speed range and the pilot is unable to correct deviations in speed, it should be noted that the speed at the lowest point of the simple and difficult aerobatics is 700-750 km / h. It is especially necessary to pay attention to the operation of the brake flaps when flying in group flying.
The location of some controls is also a serious drawback:
The proximity of the KSU-130 main operating mode button and the socks release button... The danger of the situation is that if the pilot mistakenly turns off the main mode instead of releasing the socks, then complex system management moves to backup system control, and the reverse transition to the main control system in flight is prohibited;
The proximity of the FARA RULEZH-OFF-POSAD switch and the landing gear control valve, the danger is that when flying at night, when the headlight is switched to the HEADLIGHT STEERING position, there is a possibility of the landing gear retraction on the ground, since the positions of the landing gear control valve and the headlamp mode switch are the same. These disadvantages of the aircraft should be correlated with the fact that the aircraft is intended for training cadets, perhaps even initially, i.e. people who are just starting a new kind of activity for themselves and do not have sufficient flight and life experience. 
Another important dangerous factor it could be considered lack of airframe anti-icing system on the Yak-130 - in the presence of icing, it is necessary to stop the task and take all measures to get out of the icing zone. Also, a dangerous factor is the presence of an unheated part of the LDPE outlet, on which ice forms, which, when it breaks off, can get into the flow path of the engine.
At the moment very the time is long from pressing the "Start" button to taxiing and before the aircraft take off respectively. So when performing all checks according to the Airplane Flight Manual (when combining the TEST of the KSU with warming up the engines), 8.30-9.00 minutes pass from the moment the "Start APU" button is pressed and until taxiing out. For comparison, the L-39 has no more than three minutes. Checking the engines on the runway increases the total time by 1.00 minute.
It is necessary to consider the issue expanding the field of view of the rear hemisphere using mirrors... The currently available mirrors have a very narrow field of view, which makes it difficult to observe the slave crews during group flights and especially complicates the observation of the rear hemisphere during air combat. It is proposed to make mirrors by analogy with the MiG-29 aircraft, with a continuous overlap of the rear hemisphere view.
Also, the mirrors have small flap angles and do not allow them to be adjusted in such a way that the pilot would not be blinded by the searchlights when landing at night.
Yak-130 is a combat training aircraft developed by Yakovlev Design Bureau together with Aermacchi. The aircraft was intended to replace the L-39 training aircraft in the RF Air Force.
Designers - Vitaly Naryshkin, Nikolay Dolzhenkov and Konstantin Popovich. Due to disagreements, joint development was discontinued, as a result of which each of the companies had to independently implement its concept. The Yak-130 is a new aircraft (not an upgraded version of the existing model) built in the Russian Federation after the collapse of the USSR. In a tender for the supply of the Air Force, the Yak-130 defeated the MiG-AT.
History of the Yak-130
In the late 1980s, a competition was announced to create a new UBS. The new aircraft was supposed to become a twin-engine machine for the complete training of pilots from initial training to the features of combat use and maintenance of flight skills in combat units.
Yak-130 video
The Air Force gave preference to two projects: the MiG-AT and the Yak-130. To create a new aircraft, it took more money, which neither the Ministry of Defense nor the developers had, so the aircraft were developed together with foreign companies: with French - MiG-AT, with Italian - Yak-130. Due to disagreements with the Italian partner, the development of the Yak-130 at the last stage was completed. The Italian company received all the technical documentation and design for the airframe, as a result of which it released its trainer aircraft under the designation M-346.
The prototype aircraft made its maiden flight on April 25, 1996. It was flown by Andrey Sinitsyn, an experienced test pilot.
On the Yak-130 in February 2005, Vladimir Mikhailov flew (the then Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force). GSI were completed in December 2009.
Tasks of the Yak-130
The main tasks of the Yak-130 include training cadets: take-off and landing, navigation, piloting, performing complex maneuvers, acquiring skills of actions in the event of pilot errors and aircraft failures, actions at maximum flight conditions, flying in close combat formations in visual visibility conditions and during the day training in the skills of performing defensive and offensive maneuvers, mastering the training systems and the basics of combat use against air and ground targets.
The Yak-130 has a system for simulating combat use modes, which allows you to practice combat (without firing real ammunition), interaction between air vehicles, missile and bomb strikes against various ground targets, including imitation of enemy air defense. The aircraft also has 9 suspension points for containers with missiles and cannons and for outboard fuel tanks.
In case of war, an aircraft can effectively deal with lung tasks attack aircraft - destroy low-speed air targets and individual ground objects.
Features of the Yak-130
The aircraft has a KSU-130 (digital integrated control system), which was developed by MIEA. It is responsible for the functions of the flight safety system and automatic control, which allows simulating the characteristics of controllability and stability of other aircraft in training. Allows to train pilots for fourth and fifth generation aircraft (MiG-29, Su-30, F-15 and F-16, F-22, F-35, Eurofighter Typhoon and Rafale). The aircraft has an electronic indication, which is based on three liquid crystal MFCI measuring 15x20 cm. There is an indicator on the windshield in the front cockpit.
Yak-130 video
To increase maintainability, it was necessary to abandon composites; all components of the airframe are made of light aluminum-lithium-magnesium alloys (as you know, these composites are present on Aermacchi M-346). Yak-130 can take off from poorly prepared airfields.
During the entire flight from Armavir to Irkutsk, the Yak-130 consumes less than 7.6 tons of aviation fuel. This figure is less than any aircraft in service with the RF Air Force.
Yak-130 production
Serial production of the aircraft was planned to be carried out at factories in Irkutsk and Nizhny Novgorod. Production at the Sokol plant was launched at the end of 2008, the aircraft will also be created at the Irkutsk Aviation Plant (production is aimed at export deliveries).
Oleg Demchenko, President of Irkut, on June 4, 2008, announced that the Irkutsk aircraft factory took an order for the production of 62 combat training fighters of this model, which will go into service with the Russian Air Force. According to him, "there is a large order for the production of Yak-130, the budget for which has already been confirmed." It is planned that the first Yak-130 will be produced by the end of 2008, and deliveries to the Air Force will begin in 2009.
Serial Yak-130 made its first flight on May 19, 2009. He was one of the ordered aircraft for the Air Force.
In the newspaper "Kommersant" on September 23, 2011 there was news, citing an anonymous source that the tender for the supply of Yak-130 aircraft for the Air Force was declared invalid.
Irkut Corporation and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation on November 16, 2011 signed a contract for the supply of Yak-130. By 2015, according to the document, the Russian Air Force should receive 55 new aircraft, which will be sent to train military pilots.
The Ministry of Defense announced at the end of January 2012 that the number of ordered aircraft is planned to be increased by 10 units.
Prospects for the Yak-130
The need of the RF Air Force for the Yak-130 is estimated at 250 units, while the demand of the world market is 2500 units. The aircraft is positioned as a training complex designed for mastering Su-30MK fighters during export deliveries.
In the future, these aircraft should replace the outdated fleet of Czechoslovak-made L-39 machines. According to experts, this should happen in 10-13 years.
Most of the L-39s used in the Russian Federation as aircraft for training and training cadets flew off their resources a long time ago. Therefore, in the USSR in the late 1980s, a tender was announced for the creation of a training aircraft. In 1999, the serial production of the L-39 was completed, and the modern version of the L-159 aircraft by the Ministry of Defense as a result of a change in the geopolitical orientation of the Czech Republic, as well as its transitions to the camp of a potential enemy.
After in 2011 it was decided to transfer production to Irkutsk, the company decided to create a light attack aircraft with precision weapons and RSL based on the Yak-130. The aircraft will have a Bars-130 radar station.
Yak-130 characteristics:
| Modification | |
| Wingspan, m | 9.72 |
| Aircraft length, m | 11.49 |
| Aircraft height, m | 4.76 |
| Wing area, m2 | 23.52 |
| Weight, kg | |
| empty plane | 4500 |
| normal takeoff | 6350 |
| maximum takeoff | 9000 |
| Fuel, kg | |
| domestic fuel | 850-1750 |
| PTB | 600 |
| engine's type | 2 turbojet engine RD-35 (2 Povazske Strojarne DV-2S) |
| Thrust, kgf | 2 x 2200 |
| Maximum speed, km / h | 1000 |
| Practical range, km | 1850 |
| Combat radius of action, km | 1315 |
| Practical ceiling, m | 12500 |
| Max. operational overload | 8 |
| Crew, people | 2 |
| Armament: | Combat load - 3000 kg at 6 hardpoints |
| Suspension possible: | |
| 454 kg and 227 kg bombs (Mk.83 and Mk.82 on AEM-130), | |
| UR air-to-air R-73 (AIM -9L / M on AEM-130), | |
| SD air-to-ground (AGM-65 on AEM-130), | |
| ASM (Marte Mk-2A on AEM-130), | |
| containers with 23 mm or 30 mm cannons, PU NUR, | |
| containers with reconnaissance equipment (for AEM-130 - VICON-601) or electronic warfare equipment (for AEM-130 ELT-55) |