Presentation, report age physiology. Presentation on the topic "Adolescence. Age and psychological characteristics" Ready presentation of puberty boys
Hygiene of a boy, teenager, youth.
MOU "Timsher Secondary School"
- Sexual development begins with pituitary (a small gland in the brain that controls all chemical processes in the body) organizes the production of sex hormones.
- During this period, sweating increases, and sweat acquires a characteristic odor. Sweat lingers on the growing hair and then decomposes.
In addition to the fact that this leads to an unpleasant, sometimes very intense odor, it also directly contributes to the deterioration of health.
To prevent all this, personal hygiene must be observed daily.
PERSONAL HYGIENE
teenager
SKIN AND HAIR CARE
HYGIENE OF CLOTHES AND SHOES
Oral hygiene
Hygiene of male genital
organs
Personal hygiene rules
during the day
SKIN AND HAIR CARE
Proper skin care is essential to prevent inflammatory diseases and premature aging.
To do this, it is necessary to wash the skin of open parts of the body with soap and water daily, closed - at least once a week.
SKIN AND HAIR CARE
Good head hair is an important human asset, and proper care behind them completely justifies itself.
HAIR PROBLEMS :
- VERY FATTY
- DANDRUFF
You should try several different shampoos and find the one that rinses your hair better and does not irritate the scalp, symptoms of which are itching and dandruff.
In the fight against problems, the remedy is Cleanliness and again cleanliness!
SKIN AND HAIR CARE
By the way, RASKCHI is a separate topic!
Get yourself separate combs (you can have more than one), since sometimes dandruff is infectious, that is, it is caused by a fungus.
The hair should be combed from the surface of the skin to the outside, and only long - starting from the ends.
SKIN AND HAIR CARE
WILL YOU SUCCEED?
The first facial hair is soft and almost colorless. It is not striking and does not interfere with life.
But if you start shaving it off, you will have to do it regularly - the shaved hairs become harder and darker.
SKIN AND HAIR CARE
Where else can a razor come in handy?
Boys and men are simply obliged to shave off or at least cut the hair under the armpits.
Maintain cleanliness in this part of the body, use deodorants and make sure that the smell of sweat does not appear.
Girls are pleased when their gentlemen smell good.
You should NOT neglect your nails either.
First of all, they should be cut regularly.
The growth rate of nails on the hands is about 1mm per week, on the legs - 3-4 times less.
It is better to trim after washing the hands and feet: water and soap soften the nails and cut them easier when trimmed. Not cracking.
- Brush your teeth with a toothbrush and toothpaste at least twice a day.
- Tidy up the mouth after every meal
- Worry about the gaps between your teeth using dental floss
- Visit your dentist regularly
Correct oral hygiene ensures dental health by 85-90% and thus reduces the need for dental treatment by 75-80% in the future.
Hygiene of the male genital organs
2-3 times a week it is worth arranging a "general cleaning"
- Avoid getting drops of urine on panties
- Change your underwear more often
- Without using synthetic underwear - it tightly fits the body and hinders heat exchange, which causes a rash.
By following the basic rules of hygiene, you are guaranteed to get rid of unpleasant odors, skin irritation and other troubles.
HYGIENE OF CLOTHES AND SHOES
The main function of clothing is to protect the body from meteorological influences (cold, heat, rain, etc.) and pollution.
Clothing should be sufficiently porous, have the ability to quickly absorb and release moisture, and be easy to clean from dirt.
HYGIENE OF CLOTHES AND SHOES
Summer clothes
HYGIENE OF CLOTHES AND SHOES
- For the cold period
HYGIENE OF CLOTHES AND SHOES
- Underwear serves as a kind of "blotter"; absorbs sweat, fat, mineral salts, frees the skin from dead cells. All this helps skin respiration.
- Currently, synthetic fiber is added to fabrics, which makes them wrinkle less, look more elegant, but cleanse the skin worse
HYGIENE OF CLOTHES AND SHOES
- Footwear should be comfortable, fit the leg, its size. configuration, must correspond to the type of human activity, climate, weather.
- Narrow, uncomfortable shoes can cause painful calluses and cracks on the feet.
HYGIENE OF CLOTHES AND SHOES
- Clothes must be regularly washed, dry-cleaned; shoes - disinfect, dry.
- It is unacceptable to use someone else's clothes and shoes .
Personal hygiene rules
during the day
Morning :
wash yourself
brush your teeth
comb your hair.
Day :
during the day my
hands before - food,
after cleaning the room,
toilet,
games, walks,
communication with animals,
work in the garden,
transport trips.
Evening :
before bedtime
wash your hands
face, neck,
brush your teeth
accept warm
and necessarily
wash your feet.
During puberty, you have every chance to make your body beautiful and athletic.
The fact is that intense physical activity slows down the production of female hormones, but stimulates the production of male hormones!
- Internet resources.
- The family has a son and a daughter.
A.G. Khripkova, D.V. Kolesov; Moscow 1995.
- The best book about you and your body.
V.V. Goluvin; St. Petersburg 2010.
Thanks for attention.
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Features of vision in newborns At the 3rd week of intrauterine development, an eye is laid. When a child is born, it can be visually seen that the child's eyes are relatively larger than the body weight. the vision of a newborn obeys the 20/100 formula - this means that the baby can see an object if it is at a distance of 20-30 cm from his face and at eye level - no more. The kid sees objects somewhat blurry. The first two weeks the baby sees very badly, his eyes are able to distinguish only colors only at the "brighter-darker" level - this is because the muscles of the eye of the crumbs are still very weak, in addition, the neural connections between the optic nerve and the occipital are not fully formed part of the cerebral cortex. Eye movements at birth are not yet coordinated. Every day the baby learns to focus his eyesight on objects of interest to him. In newborn babies, the eyes may mow a little: they converge "in a bunch" or scatter in different directions - this should go away later. And only by the 2nd week, the so-called "visual concentration" can be observed in the child. Tracking with the gaze of an object or a moving object functions by 2 months, and at 3 months binocular vision is already developed, that is, the child fixes the object with his gaze and traces its movement with two eyes. The pupil's reaction to light is manifested in the fetus as early as 6 months. Some researchers believe that during the first weeks the baby sees a "flat" picture, there is no perspective effect, and it is inverted. farsightedness is inherent in all newborns, which is why they see distant objects better. The small width of the field of vision allows the baby to see only objects "in front of him", but if you move them sideways from the face of the crumbs, he will cease to see them. The ability to raise and lower the eyes in order to see an object in a vertical plane will come to him a little later - closer to the fourth month of life.
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Slide Description:Features of the heart of an infant In children, there is a continuous growth and functional improvement of the cardiovascular system. The heart of a newborn has a flattened oval or spherical shape due to insufficient development of the ventricles and the relatively large size of the atria. Due to the high position of the diaphragm, the heart of the newborn is horizontal. The right and left ventricles are the same in thickness, their walls are 5 mm. The atrium and great vessels are relatively large. In young children, the heart muscle is undifferentiated and consists of thin, poorly divided myofibrils, which contain a large number of oval nuclei. There is no transverse striation. The parts of the heart also grow unevenly. The left ventricle significantly increases its volume, by 4 months it is twice the weight of the right one. The heart takes an oblique position by the first year of life. By the end of the first year, the weight of the heart doubles. In children, the heart is located higher than in adults. The heart mass of boys in the first years of life is greater than that of girls. Only by the age of 10-14 does the heart acquire the same shape as that of an adult.
Slide Description:Features of the child's respiratory system The nose, like the entire facial part of the skull, is relatively small in a young child. The nasal passages are narrow. The lower nasal passage in children of the 1st year of life is almost absent, since the lower shell protrudes in the form of a small roller. Choanas are relatively narrow, which predisposes to rhinitis. The mucous membrane of the nose in young children has a delicate structure. It is richly supplied with small blood vessels, and therefore even a slight hyperemia leads to its swelling and an even greater narrowing of the nasal passages, which makes breathing through the nose difficult. The lacrimal duct is wide at an early age, which contributes to the penetration of infection from the nose and the occurrence of conjunctivitis. In newborns, the lymphatic ring is insufficiently developed. In children 1 year of life, the tonsils are located deep between the arches and do not protrude into the throat cavity. The larynx in newborns and young children, compared to adults, is relatively short and wide, funnel-shaped, with delicate, pliable cartilage and thin muscles. It is located high. The larynx grows especially intensively in the 1st year of life and during puberty. The trachea in a newborn is slightly higher than in an adult. The bronchi are a continuation of the airways. In the first year of life, the number of muscle bronchi is small.
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Age features adolescents.
Teacher-psychologist of the secondary school №13, Zheleznogorsk, Kursk region.
Kanishcheva E.A.
These are the main truths:
We noticed it late, took it into account late ...
No, children are not born difficult,
They just didn't get help on time.
Mom and Dad!
Your child is entering the stage of his physiological maturation. This makes certain changes in his character, relationships with others and peers. Obvious physical maturation changes the child's outlook on life, his value orientations.
- Lack of self-esteem
- Anxiety
- Doubts about your own worth to parents and friends
- Aggressive, unpredictable self-defense reactions
- Emotional dependence on parents collides
Puberty
Decline
operability
Decline
interest in learning
Carelessness
distraction
Irascibility
Increased
sensitivity
The child is forced to constantly adapt to the physical and physiological changes taking place in his body, to experience a "hormonal storm". Teenagers seem to be under stress all the time. .
New the image of the physical "I"
Interest in your appearance is sharply increasing:
- The child is acutely experiencing everything flaws in appearance , real and imaginary
- Disproportionate body parts, awkward movements, irregular facial features, skin that loses its childlike purity, overweight or thinness - all upsets , and sometimes leads to feelings of inferiority, isolation, even neurosis
- Severe emotional reactions to one's appearance are mitigated by warm, trusting relationship from close adults who must show both understanding and tact
Development of self-awareness
In adolescence, two special forms appear successively self-awareness :
sense of maturity
"I-concept"
Feeling mature
the adolescent's attitude towards himself as an adult and the awareness of himself to some extent as an adult
How does a teenager's sense of adulthood manifest?
- In the desire for everyone - both adults and peers - to treat him not as a little, but as an adult
- Striving for independence, the desire to protect some aspects of their life from parental interference
Claims equality in relations with adults and goes to conflicts, defending his "adult" position
Appearance, peer relationships, and sometimes study
- Own tastes, views, assessments, own line of behavior appear
- A moral “code” appears, which prescribes a clear style of behavior for adolescents in friendly relations with peers:
mutual support,
help in case of need,
confidence in a friend and trust in him,
protecting a friend in his absence,
acceptance of a friend's success,
emotional comfort in communication.
Since a teenager is largely inconsistent and contradictory, he often deviates from this set of rules, but expects his friends to strictly adhere to them.
Everything is unstable, views can change in a week
"One for all and all for one"
The child's "I - concept" is being formed
At about 12-13 years old, interest arises to your inner world, and then happens gradual complication and deepening of self-knowledge
Inner world
- Complex experiences associated with new relationships, his personality traits and actions are analyzed by him biasedly
- The teenager wants to understand who he really is, and imagines what he would like to be
Personal reflection, the need to understand oneself generate and confession in communication with peers, and diaries who begin to lead precisely during this period, poems and fantasies
Self-esteem in adolescence turns out low in their own way general level and unstable
Communication with peers
Communication permeates the entire life of adolescents, leaving an imprint on learning, non-educational activities, and relationships with parents
- Leading activities during this period - intimate-personal communication
- Teenage friendships are complex, often controversial
- "Happiness is when you are understood"
- Close friends - peers of the same gender, in the same class, and in the same environment
Informal groups
- Mutual sympathy
- Common interests, activities
- Ways of entertainment, place of spending free time
Communication with adults
- Parents' influence is already limited
- The adolescent's value orientations, his understanding of social problems, moral assessments of events and actions depend primarily on the position of the parents
- Teens tend to emancipation (release from any dependence, the abolition of any restrictions, equalization of rights) from close adults:
needing parents, their love and care, their opinion,
they have a strong desire to be independent,
equal with them in rights.
How the relationship will develop in this difficult period for both parties depends mainly on the parenting style that has developed in the family, and the parents' ability to rebuild - to accept the sense of adulthood of their child.
- Give freedom. Disobedience is trying to get out of your care.
- No notations. Change your communication style to a calm, polite tone. Understand: the child has the right to his own opinion and his own conclusions.
3. Make a compromise. No one was able to prove anything with the help of a scandal.
4. The one who is smarter is inferior. Remember: the laurels of a winner in relationships with their own children are not adornment.
5. Do not offend. The child learns the ability to get out of difficult situations with dignity.
6. Be firm and consistent. Children are subtle psychologists.
- To be loved
- Understood
- Recognized
- Respected
- So that someone needs him and is close
- So that he has success in business, study
- So that he can realize himself
- Develop your abilities
- Improve
- Respect yourself
- Try to spend time together. Just do not sit silently in front of the TV, but do something interesting to him. For example, play basketball or sing along with a guitar.
- Do not interfere in the activities with which he copes without you, do not impose your opinion on any issue, do not criticize.
- Help when he asks you to.
- Maintain even the smallest success in everything - academics, sports, etc.
- Share your feelings. Resolve conflicts peacefully. Do not give vent to tears, screams, threats.
- Use friendly phrases more often. For example: "I'm good with you", "I'm glad to see you", "I like the way you ...", "I missed you", "Come on (let's sit, do it ...) together", "You, of course, you can handle it "," It's so good that we have you "...
- Remember that doing bad things isn't always a reflection of your teen's inner world.
- Empathize, do not ridicule or repel in moments of candor.
- Hug! At least four, and preferably eight times a day. In manifestations of parental affection, "adult" adolescents sometimes need more desperately than tiny toddlers.
Yes, grown up children are not gifts. Sometimes it is very difficult to behave with restraint and calmness with them. But it is important to remember the wise words: "This too will pass." Make it a rule, when going to bed, to analyze the past day. Mentally note mistakes in communication with a teenager, try to predict his behavior.
Trust, respect and love will be your reward.
Is it so important…
"Love your child as he is, and forget about the qualities that he does not have ... The result of upbringing depends not on the degree of severity or gentleness, but on your feelings for the child and on the principles of life that you instill in him."
Benjamin Spock
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Tissues and organs When they combine with each other, they form tissues. Tissues are a collection of cells and intercellular substance, similar in "structure and specialized for performing certain functions. The main types of tissues are epithelial, connective, bone, muscle and nervous. Each of these tissues has specific properties. Tissues form organs. In the human body, organs occupy a permanent place and perform a certain function.For example, the lungs carry out gas exchange, providing blood with oxygen, the glasses - the elimination of toxic metabolic products, the heart and blood vessels - the transport of blood, etc.
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A. A. Ukhtomsky's doctrine about the dominant. A. A. Ukhtomsky put forward the idea of \u200b\u200bthe presence of a dominant focus of excitation, which creates a dynamic constellation in the brain "(union) of nerve centers - a" functional organ. "The constellation of nerve centers consists of a vast number of spatially separated nerve elements of different parts of the central nervous system, temporarily united for implementation specific activities... Its individual components at different times can form different dynamic constellations that ensure the fulfillment of certain goals and tasks facing the body. A. A. Ukhtomsky's doctrine about the dominant. A. A. Ukhtomsky put forward the idea of \u200b\u200bthe presence of a dominant focus of excitation, which creates a dynamic constellation in the brain "(union) of nerve centers - a" functional organ. "The constellation of nerve centers consists of a vast number of spatially separated nerve elements of different parts of the central nervous system, temporarily united for Its individual components at different times can form different dynamic constellations that ensure the fulfillment of certain goals and objectives facing the body. With age, the dominant constellation of nerve centers acquires, on the one hand, greater stability, on the other - greater plasticity. Both of these properties play an important role in the formation of cognitive activity.
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Individual-typological approach to teaching Specific knowledge and skills can be given to the "researcher" with great difficulty, and the need to manipulate real objects during learning activities can cause strong psycho-emotional stress in such a child. He may be characterized by a great interest in elucidating the causes of phenomena, while it is easier for him to do their generalized analysis. However, he prefers not to dwell on particulars and details, and therefore incomplete perception of specific facts is characteristic of him. Sometimes "researchers" experience considerable stress when it is necessary to memorize a large amount of educational material (for example, on biology, history, chemistry), in which semantic connections and patterns are not traced. In addition, “researchers” are characterized by independence of judgment, high independence in determining what seems interesting to them, and specific selectivity of their own interests, as a result of which they may even “drop out” from the educational process and find themselves in the classroom for teachers as “uncomfortable” students. An important feature "researchers" is their peculiar emotionality: most people can perceive them as emotionally "cold" and unfeeling. It can also contribute to their image as “uncomfortable” students.
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Individual-typological approach to teaching In educational activities, the "socialists" will strive to get away from excessive theorizing, they better assimilate specific, factual material than theoretical questions... They feel much more comfortable when working with visual, real material than with verbal and logical material. They perceive the verbal explanation of logical problems worse than a drawing or drawing. After doing or writing something correctly, they may find it difficult to present a verbal report on what was done. Acting practically correctly, such students have difficulty in giving a theoretical basis for their actions. Transfer from concrete actions to a generalized awareness of their patterns can cause noticeable difficulties.
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Individual-typological approach to teaching For children with a social orientation, the need to rely on images is characteristic, even when their activity is in the mind, visual representations and imagination are important for them. They may have significant learning difficulties. educational informationif it is not backed up by any concrete, real world of objects. Their achievement of results in mathematics may be due not to their logical abilities, but to imagery. They can continue to operate with visual images even if the problem is easily solved by reasoning, and the use of visual supports is difficult. "Socials" differ from representatives of other typological groups in their emotionality. They are very sensitive to the nuances of the feelings of the people around them, therefore the emotional atmosphere in the class is important for the “social” students, they prefer the democratic style of communication to the authoritarian one, the atmosphere of openness and benevolence towards them. At the same time, the "social" to a much greater extent than representatives of other typological groups, are tuned in to entertainment, play activities, they are characterized by the lack of desire to engage in any intense activity that requires significant efforts.
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ANCIENT GREEK MYTH Once upon a time there were no men and women in the world, but fused bisexual creatures - androgynes - lived and prospered on earth. They were amazing beauty, extraordinary kindness, and most importantly, they possessed enormous strength, which multiplied from year to year. The power of the androgynes attracted the attention of Zeus himself, who, fearing that they would someday dare to encroach on the throne of the gods, cut them in half. Each half rushed to the other: they hugged each other, intertwined with each other, strove to grow together and become one again. Zeus, seeing this desire, mixed all the halves and, so that they could not find each other, scattered them all over the world. Since then, these halves have been looking for each other.
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sex education is seen as a process that is accessible to any age, does not present difficulties, or very intimate, which cannot be carried out in a wide range.
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The main goal sex education - the formation of moral forms in the younger generation in the field of gender relations in all areas of activity. “Raising honesty, efficiency, sincerity, straightforwardness, the habit of cleanliness, the habit of speaking the truth, respect for another person, for his feelings and interests, love for his Motherland in a child, we thereby educate him sexually as well,” A .FROM. Makarenko
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Acquaintance of adolescents with anatomical and physiological aspects and sex education should not be separated into some kind of independent, isolated system: “In matters of sex education,” wrote A. S. Makarenko, “it is not any separate methods specially designed for sex that are decisive. education, and the whole general form educational work, his whole picture as a whole. "
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1. The influence and power of example is a powerful educational factor (care, respect and love between parents is perceived as a serious and beautiful relationship between a man and a woman).
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2. Raising a child's feelings of love (sympathy for others, comrades, sensitivity and love for brothers, sisters ...);
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3. The correct regime in the family (idleness, boredom contribute to chaotic meetings, aimless pastime);
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4. Normal workload of the child (he must have his responsibilities in the family, fulfill his load and bear responsibility, which distracts from mental and physical doing nothing);
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5. Organization of physical education (skating, skiing, gymnastics, etc.). These provisions are aimed at the formation of will, character, mental and physical hardening of the body, exerting a direct influence on the sexual sphere, on sex education;
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6. Use of all means of education through literature, cinema, theater and other forms of art; 7. Elimination of the causes of irritation of the genital area: untidy body maintenance, sleeping together with parents, hitting the buttocks, pornographic photographs, which often cause erotic colored dreams.
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The principles of sex education follow from the general principles of educational work: it is carried out as an integral part of the general complex of educational and educational activities in the family, preschool institutions, school, youth organizations, etc. Based on a unified parental approach, medical professionals; has a differentiated in accordance with gender, age and degree of preparedness of the child (parents) and a phased (successive) character; implies a combination with a favorable moral atmosphere and hygienic conditions.
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Physiological changes in girls In girls, this process begins approximately 2 years earlier and lasts for a shorter time (3-4 years) than in boys (4-5 years). During this period, the child's puberty occurs, which is associated with accelerated physical development, which is designed to prepare him for adult life and stress. Also, all internal organs and systems receive final development during this period.
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Girls begin to feel the onset of puberty earlier than boys, and it passes faster for them: - at the age of 8–10, rounding of the hips and buttocks, pelvic enlargement are already noticeable; - at the age of 9-10, the breast begins to develop - at the age of 10-11, the first hairs appear in the armpits, it is noted further development mammary glands; - at 11–12 years old, the first menstruation may occur (most often at 13–14 years old); - at the age of 15–16, menstruation becomes regular Simultaneously with puberty, an increased growth of the body occurs. The growth rate peaks at 12 years on average and can reach 9 cm per year. At the age of 16-18, a gradual cessation of growth occurs.
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Physiological changes in boys Puberty of a child is designed to prepare him for adulthood and stress. Also, all internal organs and systems receive final development during this period. In boys, the onset and rate of puberty vary widely. Most often, the onset of puberty occurs at 12-14 years. Physiological changes: - at 10-13 years old, the first signs of growing up are noted, character changes, secrecy appears, great shyness in relation to parents and peers - at 13-14 years old voice deformity begins, hair appears in the armpit, on the upper lip, development occurs musculature. This age is considered to be a period of marked increase in sexual desire and sexual energy, especially in boys.
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The phases of development of interests coincide with the phases of biological maturation in adolescents. On the one hand, he loses interest in things that interested him before (a contemptuous attitude towards children's amusements, "stories", etc.). At the same time, neither skills nor established mechanisms of behavior are lost. On the other hand, new interests arise: new books, mainly of an erotic nature, a keen sexual interest. During a change of interests, there is a moment when it seems that the teenager has no interest whatsoever. This destructive, devastating phase of parting with childhood gave rise to L. Tolstoy to call the period "the desert of adolescence."
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In general, over the past few decades, the development and maturation of children has been much faster. We are all familiar with the term "acceleration", which means "acceleration". Acceleration, first of all, affected physical development: the growth, body weight of adolescents increased, puberty began earlier. The reasons for these phenomena are not fully understood. Scientists are inclined to think that the nutrition of students has improved, various irritants have increased during external environment, including ionizing radiation and more.
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Puberty is an important, responsible and difficult stage in life. It is characterized by a complete lack of harmony. Neither a boy with a piercing mustache, nor a girl with fully developing feminine forms have not yet entered the adult world, but have already left the world of childhood. Hence the duality of their position and actions, hence many troubles. The loss of balance is caused by the restructuring of the hormonal system in the body, the difference in the rates of physical and spiritual development of a teenager and the degree of his social maturity and independence.