Development of a social science lesson on the topic "The role of the economy in the life of society" (grade 11). development of an economic development strategy
Slide 1
The role of the economy in the life of society 1. Economy as a subsystem of society. 2. Economy and living standards. 3. Economy and social structure of society. 4. Economics and politics. Д / З - paragraph 12, questions and tasks to the paragraphSlide 2
Economic life of society The development of society and the development of its economic life are closely interrelated. They relate to each other as a whole and as a part of it, exercising mutual influence on each other.
Slide 3
The existence of society is impossible without the constant production of material goods; Social production determines the emergence and development of the social structure; Economic relations actively influence the political life of society; In the production process, the necessary material conditions are created for the development of the spiritual life of society
Slide 4
Economic institutions are the norms and rules by which its participants interact and carry out economic activity. formal rules - codes, laws, bylaws, etc. informal rules - traditions, customs, habits, stereotypes of behavior of economic entities economic categories - market, property, competition, taxes, etc.
Slide 5
Slide 6
Economy and social structure of society - the relationship of the economy with such indicators as: the total population and the rate of its growth; the state of health of society; the formation of professional social communities; inequality in income and wealth.
Slide 7
Study of the relationship between the total population and its growth rate with the economic development of society. The relationship between the economy and the state of health of society
Slide 8
Research and analysis of the influence of the economic life of society on the formation of professional social communities, the rich occupy the best positions and have the most prestigious professions. these professions are better paid and are associated with mental labor and management functions. the wealthy strata that make up the middle class in society include lawyers, qualified employees; the middle and petty bourgeoisie, the working class, according to modern ideas, constitutes an independent group that occupies an intermediate position between the middle and lower classes of society. the lower strata include unskilled workers, the unemployed, and the poor.
Slide 9
1. Social stratification of society, which is directly related to economic development, exacerbates the contradictions of interests of various social groups. 2. The market economy needs to be corrected through the implementation of certain social policies in order to prevent a social explosion. 3. The social policy of the Russian state at the present stage assumes: support of low-income citizens; regulation of labor relations; assistance in the employment of the unemployed population; freedom of choice of profession; ensuring the availability of education and assistance in retraining personnel; ensuring freedom of entrepreneurship. 4. Coordination of the interests of various participants in the economic life of society is urgent, therefore the economic and social spheres should mutually support each other.
Detailed solution Paragraph § 1 on social studies for students in grade 11, authors L.N. Bogolyubov, N.I. Gorodetskaya, L.F. Ivanova 2014
Question 1. Can a society develop without an economy? How are economics and living standards related? What is the portrait of the new economy at the beginning of the 21st century?
Society cannot develop without an economy. Economy - the economic activity of society, as well as the totality of relations that develop in the system of production, distribution, exchange and consumption.
The standard of living (the level of well-being) is the degree of satisfaction of the material and spiritual needs of people by the mass of goods and services used per unit of time. The standard of living is based on the volume of real income per capita and the corresponding volume of consumption.
New economy (neo-economics) is an economic infrastructure characterized by a predominance of intangible assets (services and technologies) and a decrease in the role of tangible assets. That is, it is an economy of knowledge, new information technologies, new business processes that provide leadership and competitiveness.
Questions and tasks to the document
According to universal human historical standards, the market mechanism cannot be regarded as a completely ideal form. Increasingly, researchers note in this context the so-called "market imperfection" associated with highly problematic market opportunities in achieving on Earth a fair distribution and use of resources, ensuring environmental sustainability, and eliminating unjustified social inequality.
Question 2. What data confirm the deepening social inequality in the world?
According to the UN, the absolute dimensions of poverty in the world are increasing ... Apparently, the future of the world economy should be associated with a more complex economic (socio-economic) mechanism than the actual market mechanism. In this mechanism, an increasing role will belong, along with the relations of market exchange, to a variety of more subtle mechanisms, which presuppose the achievement of social agreement between many subjects of socio-economic relations.
Question 3. Using the content of the paragraph and your knowledge of the course of social studies, suggest possible (in addition to market exchange) mechanisms for achieving social agreement between participants in socio-economic relations.
In modern international relations, issues of international cultural cooperation acquire special significance. Today there is not a single country that does not pay close attention to the issues of building lasting cultural contacts with the peoples of other states.
Culture, being a process of spiritual, creative, intellectual communication, implies mutual enrichment with new ideas in the context of cultural exchange and thus performs an important communicative function, uniting groups of people different in their social, ethnic, religious affiliation. It is culture that is becoming today the "language" on which the entire system of modern international relations can be built.
The theoretical and practical significance of cultural ties in the modern political space, active processes of integration and globalization in the modern world, problems of cultural expansion dictate the need to address the issues of international cultural exchange in the system of international relations.
International cultural exchange includes all the features of culture and reflects the main stages of its formation, which are directly related to contacts between peoples, states, civilizations and are part of international relations. Cultural ties have a significant difference from international relations in that cultural dialogue between countries continues even when political contacts are complicated by interstate conflicts.
Cultural exchange in the system of international relations is a complex, complex phenomenon that reflects the general laws of international relations and the world cultural process. This is a complex of diverse cultural ties along the state and non-state lines, including the whole range of various forms and directions of interaction, reflecting both modern international relations and historically established forms, possessing significant stability and breadth of influence on political, economic, social, cultural life.
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-TEST
Question 1. What is the place and role of the economy in the life of society?
The economic life of society is primarily the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services. These can be material goods, production and financial services, as well as spiritual values.
In the production process, natural materials are transformed, giving them properties, thanks to which they can satisfy the needs of people. Distribution relations and the very consumption of goods and services by people significantly affect production. They can either stimulate or inhibit its development. For example, the principle of distribution according to the quantity and quality of labor, used in all developed countries, significantly stimulates the labor of hired workers, gives rise to a material interest in increasing labor productivity, in a creative influence on the production process. On the contrary, the equalizing principle of distribution does not generate such motives.
The fundamental stimulus for the development of production is consumption as a process of using the results of production to meet the specific needs of people and society.
An important manifestation of the economic life of society is the relationship of exchange between people, acting as the exchange of activities, goods and services.
The development of society and its economic life are closely interrelated. They relate to each other as a whole and as a part of it. Economic life, being influenced by all aspects of social life (social, political, spiritual), in turn, also significantly affects various phenomena of social life and society as a whole. This conclusion is confirmed by the following provisions:
The existence of society is impossible without the constant production of material goods and services;
Social production and, above all, the established division of labor and property relations determine the emergence and development of its social structure;
Economic relations actively influence the political life of society (economically dominant social groups, as a rule, seek to influence the work of the state apparatus, the direction of activity of political parties, etc.);
In the production process, the necessary material conditions are created for the development of the spiritual life of society (buildings of libraries, theaters, equipment for publishing books, newspapers, etc.).
Question 2. What determines the wealth and prosperity of the country?
The level of well-being of the state to a large extent depends on the perfection of economic mechanisms, that is, methods and forms of combining people's efforts in solving life support problems. Such economic mechanisms include the division of labor, specialization and trade, already familiar to you from courses in history and social studies. They create conditions for the employee to achieve high labor productivity and allow producers to exchange labor results on a mutually beneficial basis. The significance of the action of economic mechanisms for ensuring the level of well-being of people can be understood if we compare the standard of living of society on the basis of a subsistence economy (tribes of Africa, Latin America) and a commodity economy (developed Western countries). (Remember the advantages of the latter form of organizing economic life.)
The reason for the low efficiency of the economy may be the use of outdated technologies, low qualifications of personnel, wasteful use of natural resources, etc. A low level of economic development leads to a decrease in consumption: in order to consume more, it is necessary to produce more. Thus, the level of economic development directly affects the standard of living in the country.
The minimum consumption level is determined by such an indicator as the poverty line (level, poverty threshold). The poverty level is the normatively established level of a person's monetary income for a certain period, which makes it possible to ensure his physical (physiological) living wage.
The World Bank defines the global poverty rate at incomes less than $ 1.25 per day per person. According to his data, as a result of various crises in 2009, 50 million people fell below the poverty line, and by the end of 2010, about 64 million people were living in extreme poverty.
Perceptions of poverty vary from country to country. Generally, the richer a country as a whole, the higher its national poverty line. The conditions and methods of Russia's transition to a market economy have turned poverty into a serious problem for our country as well. Since the beginning of the XXI century. indicators in this area have been significantly improved. The share of the population living below the poverty line in Russia decreased from 1998 to 2011 from 29 to 12.6%, i.e., 2.3 times.
The main condition for solving this problem is economic growth.
Question 3. What economic mechanisms contribute to the movement of society to a higher level of well-being?
An important indicator and result of the economic life of a society is the standard of living of its members. This indicator characterizes a person's ability to meet the needs for goods, services and living conditions necessary for a comfortable and safe existence. Raising the living standards of the population is considered as the most important goal of the country's socio-economic development.
For many centuries, the rulers were convinced that the wealth of the country and, accordingly, the well-being of its people is associated with the seizure of territories and wealth of other peoples during wars, with the presence of significant natural resources (timber, oil, gas). However, the modern history of the economic development of countries proves that these factors are not decisive. For example, Japan is considered today a rich country, although it has limited resources and has long lost all the previously seized foreign lands. The level of economic development allows the country to use these scarce resources much more productively. It is the efficient use of production resources that is considered today as a valid criterion for the level of economic development of countries.
The standard of living in a broad sense includes many indicators: the level of human health, the state of the environment, the degree of uneven distribution of income in society, the availability of culture, the cost of living, etc. (Assume what are the most important indicators of the level of socio-economic development for Russia that could be used to compare it with other countries.)
Question 4. How can social peace be ensured in the context of increasing social differentiation of society?
The rate of social development, crisis or prosperity largely depends on indicators such as the total population, the rate of its growth, and the state of health. In turn, all these indicators are very closely related to the economic life of society. Thus, the birth rate is influenced by the level of material well-being, living conditions, housing provision, and the degree of women's involvement in social production.
At the same time, other social factors also affect the birth rate, in particular the value preferences of the majority of the population. It is the latter that can explain the high birth rate in many countries, including Russia, at the stage of traditional society, when a significant part of the population lived in poverty, and the drop in the birth rate in developed countries.
There is also an inverse relationship. Acceleration or deceleration of the rate of economic development depends on the total population, its density (in a region with a small population, the division of labor is difficult, subsistence farming remains longer), growth rates (low rates hinder the reproduction of the labor force and accordingly reduce the volume of production, too high growth rates the population is forced to devote significant resources to its simple physical survival).
The health status of the population is also a factor in economic development. Its deterioration leads to a decrease in labor productivity in the economy, a reduction in life expectancy. An increase in the standard of living contributes to an increase in its duration. So, in recent years, the average life expectancy of men in Russia has grown and amounted to 62 years in 2012.
The economic life of society has a noticeable influence on the formation of professional social communities. In traditional societies, where the social structure is the most stable, social and professional groups associated with subsistence farming and small-scale production remain. In the developed countries of the West, under the influence of the scientific and technological revolution, a new middle class is growing (intelligentsia, managers, highly qualified workers). At the same time, structural changes in the economy lead to a reduction in the industrial working class, the disappearance of clear boundaries between it and other social groups.
Question 5. Does a market economy need democracy?
The market economy, left to itself, gives advantages to some social strata and, conversely, "punishes" others. If it is not corrected with the help of social policy, then it can degenerate into a system that acts in the interests of the minority of the society (elite) and against the majority.
The social policy of the Russian government is aimed at supporting low-income citizens, regulating labor relations and promoting employment of the unemployed, ensuring the availability of education and assistance in retraining personnel, and ensuring freedom of entrepreneurship.
The problem of harmonizing the interests of various participants in the economic life of society remains relevant, therefore, the economic and social spheres should complement and mutually support each other.
Democracy and the rule of law create the most acceptable conditions for the functioning of a market economy. Thus, it is important for an entrepreneur to start his own business knowing the “rules of the game” in the market space (according to what laws he can act, what taxes to pay, etc.). And such important issues for the economy as the establishment of taxes, laws on environmental protection, regulations governing relations between employers and employees should be openly discussed taking into account the "opinions of various parties."
In turn, the rule of law relies on civil society, which is made up of citizens who make their own decisions, realizing private interests. The structural units of civil society in the economic sphere are private enterprises, cooperatives, joint stock companies and other production units created by citizens on their own initiative.
Question 6. Does government policy affect the conditions for the functioning of a market economy?
One of the public functions of the state is to use the available opportunities for economic development. Each country is faced with the problem of choosing the best option for such development, and here the role of state policy is essential. In recent decades in Russia, this policy has undergone a serious reorientation.
In a market economy, the main functions of the state are to facilitate and stimulate the action of market forces through government policies. The most general, important condition for the existence of a market economy is the realization by the state of such political goals as the free development of society, legal order, external and internal security (these goals were indicated by Adam Smith).
The free development of society is understood as both a social and an economic category. The more the freedom of an individual in society is valued, the more significant economic freedom is perceived.
The state is interested in ensuring the legal reliability of economic activity. The creation of a legal order foresees, first of all, the provision of property rights, the right to freedom of entrepreneurial activity through laws.
Ensuring external and internal security presupposes the creation by the state of institutions to maintain public order within the country and the presence of a professionally trained army capable of protecting the country from outside attack.
An important task of the state is the protection and maintenance of competition in the national economy, the fight against the desire of firms to monopolize. For the developing market economy of Russia, this is one of the pressing problems. (Give examples of antitrust regulation of the economy by the Russian government.)
Question 7. What are the priorities of the policy of the Russian state in the economy?
The priorities of the Russian state in the economy are constantly, although certainly not dynamically, changing depending on the world political and economic situation.
At the moment, serious attempts are being made to change this vector towards an orientation towards high, science-intensive technologies and an increase in labor productivity.
Awareness of the need for such changes has occurred a long time ago, but the political and economic prerequisites for accelerating this process are being formed only now, before our eyes.
TASKS
Question 1. Aristotle, discussing the role of the state in economic affairs, noted that "the goal of the state is to jointly advance towards a high quality of life." Do you share this point of view? Justify your answer.
All state activities should be aimed at improving the quality of life of citizens living in the country. And joint promotion means that both citizens and the state should work as closely together as possible to improve the quality of life in the country.
Question 2. The world's population is growing rapidly. In 2011, it amounted to 7 billion people. The first billion was reached by about 1800, and it took another 125 years to reach 2 billion. However, it took 50 years for the population to increase from 3 to 7 billion. At the same time, the growth center from Europe and North America moved to the countries of Southeast Asia and Africa. Explain the connection between the demographic situation in the world and the economic life of society. How does the rapid population growth in poor countries and population decline in developed countries affect their economic development in general, such indicators as living standards, incomes of the population, labor productivity, etc.?
The demographic situation is directly related to the economic life of society. If the population in poor countries increases, the country will become poorer, living standards will fall, incomes will decrease, all this will happen thanks to the labor market, etc. The more people in undeveloped countries, the worse the situation in the country.
Population growth or decline does not affect economic development in general, as well as incomes, living standards, etc., until the situation becomes catastrophic. In this case, everything happens in accordance with normal development - the poor countries become poorer even more, and the rich, hiring cheap labor, continue to get richer. However, it is at these moments that global changes on the political map of the world are possible - wars become, first of all, wars for territories, and, accordingly, for food and other resources.
Question 3. How does the process of income differentiation of the population in market conditions affect the attitude of workers to work? What are the positive and negative results of socio-economic differentiation in the course of reforms in Russia?
The attitude of workers to work will fluctuate depending on the price for their labor (in other words, salaries). The higher the efficiency of labor, the higher the salary. The difference in income has not yet boded well. This is the embryo of stratification.
The pros are the desire to get an education in order to be in demand in the future by a qualified specialist who makes a lot of money. The downside is the further stratification of the population. Stratification. The division into rich and poor.
The role of the economy
in the life of society.
Atanov Musa Mukhametgaleevich lecturer of history and social studies at GBPOU Akyar Mining College named after I. Tasimova.
Economy as a subsystem
society
The economy is understood as a wide area in the life of society, including the economy of enterprises, industries, the national economy as a whole, various aspects of economic life.
The economy is a life-support system deliberately built and used by people »
Economic life significantly affects various phenomena of social life and society as a whole:
the existence of society is impossible without the constant production of material goods
- social production determines the development of its social structure
- economic relations actively influence the political life of society
- in the production process, the necessary material conditions are created for the development of the spiritual life of society
Answer the questions:
1.Can a society develop without an economy?
2. Why study economics?
The economic life of society is primarily the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services.
Production- the process of converting natural materials into economic goods
Exchange activities, goods, services.
Consumption- fundamental incentive for the development of production
Distribution created goods and services
Types of economic
activities
While reprinting the material of one message, the secretary reversed some economic activities. Review the diagram and find the mistakes made when typing material
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION
Furniture manufacturing. Medical services. Sale of apartments. Tax collection. Transfer of the right to use a land plot
Budgeting. Exchange of goods between enterprises. Lunch at the restaurant. Purchase of food
EXCHANGE
goods.
CONSUMPTION
Receiving a pension. Retail. Shop windows manufacturing. Household heating.
Individual tailoring. Payment of benefits for children. Swimming pool visit. Purchase of medicines.
CHECK
PRODUCTION
Furniture manufacturing. Medical services.
DISTRIBUTION
EXCHANGE
Tax collection. Payment of benefits for children.
Shop windows manufacturing.
Individual tailoring.
CONSUMPTION
Exchange of goods between enterprises.
Receiving a pension.
Transfer of the right to use a land plot
Retail.
Swimming pool visit. Purchase of medicines
Lunch at the restaurant. Household heating.
Budgeting.
Purchase of food products.
Sale of apartments.
Conclusions:
1. The existence of society is impossible without the constant production of material goods.
2. Social production determines the emergence and development of its social structure.
3. Economic relations affect the political life of society.
4. In the production process, the necessary material conditions are created for the development of the spiritual life of society.
- The task. Illustrate the appropriate text position with examples.
Living standards are determined
1. GDP (gross domestic product) per capita.
2. The living wage.
3. The level of human health.
4. State of the environment.
5. Availability of cultural goods.
6. The degree of uneven distribution of income in society.
Compare the economic performance of countries and answer the following questions:
Which country has the lowest living standard and which has the highest? What affects this indicator?
What role do the following factors play in the country's economic development:
Availability or absence of rich natural resources, efficient use of production resources ?
GNP per capita (1995, in US dollars)
Countries
India
China
Russia
Brazil
Germany
Japan
The pace ECONOMIC GROWTH in developing countries, on average, is noticeably higher than in developed countries, and recently this advantage in their pace has even increased
The level of economic development directly affects the standard of living in the country. Low level of economic development leads to decrease in consumption : to consume more, you need to produce more.
The minimum consumption level is determined by such an indicator as the poverty line.
Poverty rate they call the normatively established level of a person's monetary income for a certain period, which makes it possible to ensure his physical living wage.
Poverty lines set by the World Bank
A country
Doll. Per day per person
Eastern Europe and CIS
US $ 1
4 USD
Market economies
US $ 14.4
Social structure of society Is an integral set of all communities taken in their interaction.
Based on the text of the textbook, pp. 130-131, illustrate with examples the mutual influence of the economy and the social sphere.
Health status
population
Population
Formation of social
communities
Income inequality poses a particular threat to political and economic stability in society.
In modern industrialized developed countries, welfare states are created, that is, incomes are redistributed in favor of the poorer and disadvantaged strata, etc.
- absolute equality in income kills incentives for productive work in people.
- income inequality can be enormous and threaten political and economic stability in a society.
- full income equality without adequate economic growth can lead to bankruptcy, and economic growth without social protection can lead to social unrest.
Impact of the state on the economy
The state can act in the same direction as the economy - then the development of the economy is faster.
The state can act contrary to economic development - then it crashes after a certain time.
The state can put obstacles to economic development in some directions and stimulate it in others
Let's discuss.
1. Why did the economic system based on central planning fail. 2. What new functions and tasks should the state perform in a market economy.
Public welfare
Socio-political goals: freedom, legal order,
Economic policy objectives: price stability, full employment, economic growth, foreign economic
stability.
Thank you
per
attention
Economic institutions The norms and rules by which its participants interact and carry out their economic activities. Formal (codes, laws, by-laws) Formal (codes, laws, by-laws) informal (traditions, habits, behavior stereotypes) informal (traditions, habits, behavior stereotypes)
2. Economy and standard of living To reveal the relationship between economic development and standard of living The value of the subsistence minimum, according to Rosstat, in accordance with the Federal Law of October 24, 1997 134-FZ "On the subsistence minimum in the Russian Federation" (as amended by Federal Laws from the Federal Law , from the Federal Law) is a cost estimate of the consumer basket, which includes the minimum sets of food, non-food products and services necessary to preserve human health and ensure his life, as well as mandatory payments and fees. The consumer basket in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is established by the legislative (representative) bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The value of the subsistence minimum, according to Rosstat, in accordance with the Federal Law of October 24, 1997, 134-FZ "On the Subsistence Minimum in the Russian Federation" (as amended by the Federal Laws from the Federal Law, from the Federal Law) is a cost estimate of the consumer basket, including the minimum sets food products, non-food products and services necessary to preserve human health and ensure his life, as well as mandatory payments and fees. The consumer basket in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is established by the legislative (representative) bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
“The goal of the state is to jointly advance towards a high quality of life” Aristotle “When the state is governed according to reason, poverty and want are shameful; when the state is not controlled with reason, then riches and honors are shameful "Confucius" The goal of the state is to jointly advance towards a high quality of life "Aristotle" When the state is governed in accordance with reason, poverty and want are shameful; when the state is not controlled with reason, then riches and honors are shameful "Confucius
