Passing score for customs. Customs: a specialty profile in Russian universities. What is the duty of a customs officer

"Customs" is one of the most demanded specialties in the modern world, because the number of countries willing to cooperate and engage in trade is increasing every day. This means that the state needs experienced and qualified specialists who will be able to ensure full compliance with customs agreements and customs policy in general. Where can you study in the specialty "Customs"? Universities in Moscow offer the best choice in terms of the ratio of the quality of education to its cost.

Customs: definition

Methods and means of settling customs issues related to the transportation of goods across the state border, the rules of prohibition and various restrictions when moving vehicles through customs - all this can be counted in the definition of "customs business". Universities offer another designation option.

Customs is an industry that regulates the foreign economic activity of the state, namely: trade, transportation of bulky goods across the state border. It turns out that this profession presupposes deep theoretical knowledge in economics (which can be obtained by entering the Institute of Customs), as well as practical experience with the preparation of merchandise documentation, declaring goods and skills in management and accounting, because you will have to keep tax reports. and acceptance of payments, penalties and duties for a particular violation during transportation through customs.

Features of the profession

The profession of a customs specialist is in demand not only in the customs authorities, but also in various brokerage companies, credit institutions, enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity or logistics. A specialist in this business must have extensive knowledge and skills. Here is some of them:

• have a good legal education;
• be able to manage the activities of customs authorities;
• keep track of funds (payments, taxes);
• analyze trade statistics;
• correctly draw up documentation;
• know the structure of customs logistics, and at any time carry out the necessary procedures to optimize the economic activity of the enterprise.

universities in Moscow

The profession of a customs officer is very responsible and complex, however, it is considered very prestigious and highly paid. That is why many applicants choose the specialty "Customs". Universities in Moscow have always been famous for their advanced teaching methods, so let's look at which of them teach in this specialty.

It is worth noting that before choosing a particular university, you need to decide for yourself the following questions: "Public or private university?" The capital offers the widest choice of universities, so everyone can find exactly the university that suits him both in terms of tuition fees and quality.

The next step in choosing a specialty "Customs" is exams. What subjects do I need to pass and by how many points? Let's see which universities offer to pass internal exams, and which ones are enrolled in training based on the results of the USE.

State budgetary universities: TOP-3

Over the past 15 years, there have been major changes: many universities have opened new specialties and areas. One of the most prestigious and promising areas can be called just "Customs". Universities in Moscow can be roughly divided into two groups: the first includes all state universities, and the second - private institutions that have received state accreditation and issue a state diploma at the end of their studies.

For many applicants, the opportunity to study on a budgetary basis is the main criterion when choosing a future university. Here are the best universities in the capital, which you can enter by gaining the required number of points on the Unified State Exam:

1. Russian (named after Plekhanov) - there are very high requirements, for admission you need to score an average of 82 points for each subject (Russian, foreign language and social studies).
2. RANHIGS under the President of the Russian Federation - this university does not have an institute of customs, however, the faculty of law and national security has a direction "Customs". The passing mark over the past years is approximately 270 for the same subjects as at Plekhanov University.
3. - an educational institution located near Moscow (in Lyubertsy). The academy has a customs faculty, the average number of enrollment points is 250 for three subjects. One of the advantages of this university is the largest number of budget places, there are 250 of them, while in others the maximum number is only 20.

Public universities offering tuition fees

The number of paid universities is increasing every year, because the demand for education is also growing. This is especially noticeable in Moscow: after graduating from school and passing the exam, many applicants decide to enter the capital's universities and come here from the most remote regions of Russia. It is not surprising, because it is in the capital that you can find a university that meets all the wishes and possibilities of the applicant:

1. offers training on a contract basis, both for those who have passed the exam and for those who wish to pass internal exams. At the Faculty of Economics, applicants are invited to choose three areas, including "Customs". The cost of training is within 200 thousand rubles per year.
2. MADI is another university specializing in training in the specialty "Customs". The passing mark is 120. The cost per year of study at the Faculty of Logistics and General Transport Problems is 147 thousand rubles.
3. The MGUPS of Emperor Nicholas is one of the oldest universities in the capital, the legal institute consists of 6 areas, one of which is customs. The passing mark is 180, and the cost of training is 198 thousand rubles per academic year.

Private universities

Applicants who have scored the minimum points on the exam have the opportunity to enroll in non-state universities on a paid basis. Below is an overview of the most prestigious state accredited universities:

1. The Moscow Institute of Jurisprudence is one of the most affordable universities, the cost of training is only 65 thousand rubles per year. At the same time, there is the possibility of admission without passing the exam, instead of it, you need to pass tests conducted by the university independently.
2. MFLA offers high-quality education at relatively low prices: 100 thousand rubles for the first course of study, then some discounts are possible. The university accepts both on the basis of the USE results and on the internal exams. Foreign citizens also have the opportunity to enter this institution, it is enough just to pass an oral exam in the Russian language and write a short essay.
3. Moscow University V.S.Yutte is one of the five best private universities in the capital. The cost of training at the Faculty of Economics and Finance is 110 thousand rubles, and the passing score is 100.

Whichever university you choose, remember that the main component of successful education is not the prestige of the educational institution, but your personal efforts.

Will hundreds of more teenagers die from drugs passing through a corrupt border post? Will there be imported into the country a batch of counterfeit medicines capable of affecting the health of thousands of citizens? Will a terrorist who plans a large-scale attack with dozens of human casualties pass according to false documents? Without exaggeration, this will depend on you. The profession of a customs officer is an amazing combination of routine paperwork with colossal responsibility and unconditional respect for the profession.

History

The profession has been known since ancient times. Even if thousands of years ago it was not represented by today's modern specialty, the guards of the borders of countries, empires and occupied territories have always occupied a special place with society. The profession appeared simultaneously with the formation of the first centralized states. It is impossible to name the exact date, but it definitely happened at the stage of the beginning of the development of the world society. The impetus for the development of prototypes of modern customs gave rise to trade between countries.

Hundreds of years ago, caravans with goods passing through the borders of countries were taxed. This was necessary to ensure the replenishment of the treasury. In Russia, the customs business originated approximately in the 9th century, when duties and a trade tax - "washing" were introduced in the principalities. The collectors of myt were called “mytniks”. It is interesting that in the modern Ukrainian language, a customs officer is a mitnik.

Customs - what is this profession

A customs officer is a civil servant whose duties include control over goods transported across the border, passing people, collection of fees and customs duties. As a rule, university graduates start working as ordinary inspectors. Later they become senior inspectors, department heads. A brilliant career will allow him to take the chair of a policy-maker in the field of customs, and perhaps one of the heads of the state apparatus. But over 90% of specialists will forever remain ordinary inspectors.

What are the duties of a customs officer:

• Inspect citizens and goods at customs posts, railway stations and airports.
• Execute customs documentation, collect fees and duties.
• Identify contraband, prohibited goods.
• Keep records of confiscated goods.
• Conduct an investigation of offenses within the competence of customs law.

In addition to the general profession, there are several narrow specialties - a checkpoint employee, a passport control employee, a department specialist, and others.

The work as a whole cannot be called interesting and even somewhat creative - it is difficult, routine, sometimes boring or dangerous, but always extremely responsible. The security of the state, in particular economic, largely depends on the customs officers. Failure by specialists to fulfill their duties, corruption and a banal shortage of employees can lead to a real tragedy.

The minimum of romance is the maximum of hard work. Customs officers meet trains and check people heading to the country, inspect goods, establish compliance of documentation with Russian and international standards. Often there are dog handlers in the industry who specialize in the search for goods, drugs and other substances prohibited for import into the country. Is the profession of a customs officer suitable for a girl? Quite if she is ready to cope with the hard work and take on a huge burden of responsibility. Many women work in this area - about 35% of the total number of employees.

Where to study as a customs officer

You can become a customs inspector without specialized education. But you definitely need to graduate to get a better chance of building a brilliant career. The more prestigious and authoritative it is, the better. TOP-5 Russian universities that teach customs:

1. Russian Customs Academy.
2. Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
3. University of Economics. Plekhanov.
4. Technological University in Korolev.
5. University named after Witte.

The average passing score in one subject exceeds 85.5, so it is not so easy to enter the best universities in the country. But it is still worth submitting documents - you do not lose anything. However, at the same time, we recommend trying to enroll in a few more universities or institutes that you like. Remember that studying at a reputable, rated university will provide advantages at the start of a career, but will not predetermine success.

Pros and cons of the specialty

The advantages and disadvantages will directly depend on the position held. It is obvious that a high-ranking official or policy maker in the customs industry is quite comfortable. But since we do not have a presentation of the possibilities and prospects of the industry, but an analysis of the real state of affairs, we note the pros and cons of ordinary specialties - inspectors, employees of checkpoints, airports and train stations.

Key pros :

• Respectable, respected profession.
• A special mission is to ensure the country's security at the borders.
• Benefits - Customs officers are often equated with the military.
• Possible supplements to pensions, social benefits.
• Public service with all the stipulated privileges.

The main limitations:

• Low level of comfort.
• Average, and sometimes frankly low salary.
• Bureaucracy and paperwork.
• Flourishing corruption.
• The highest level of responsibility.
• Constant pressure from people who disregard the law.

Many specialists admit that the amount of wages does not correspond to the working conditions and the level of responsibility.

In most cases, this is an important, hard and at the same time low-paid job. Bureaucracy, work in a confined space, all-round pressure - 99% of customs officers who are at the start face this. However, they can be compensated not only by career opportunities, but also by benefits, privileges, and respectability of the profession.

How much do customs officers get

Imagine: you have dreamed of this profession since childhood. Imagined themselves as a defender of the state pages of their country. You wrote an essay at school on the topic "My future profession is a customs officer." Then we entered the university, graduated from it and started to work. But the level of your well-being leaves much to be desired. This industry can not be called the most "money".

Training of customs specialists - a synthesis of legal and foreign economic disciplines. Students go through international trade, settlements and foreign exchange markets, commodity science and expertise in customs, customs management. Get acquainted with the specifics of document flow in the customs authorities and pricing in foreign trade. They study the intricacies of customs procedures, customs control, customs clearance of goods and vehicles. Studying the economics of customs.

Key disciplines:

• Declaration of goods and vehicles
• Document flow in customs authorities
• International trade, settlements and foreign exchange markets
• Customs procedures
• customs control
• Customs management
• Merchandising and expertise in customs
• Customs Economics
• Ethics of business communication in the customs sphere
• Basics of customs
• Merchandising, expertise in the customs business of food and non-food products
• Commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity
• Finance
• General management
• Customs clearance of goods and vehicles
• Customs regimes and special customs procedures
• Declaration of goods and vehicles
• Organization of customs control of goods and vehicles
• Fundamentals of technical means of customs control
• Customs control technologies (workshop)
• Customs control after the release of goods
• Customs and tariff regulation of foreign trade
• Prohibitions and restrictions on foreign trade activities
• Foreign exchange regulation and foreign exchange control
• Foreign trade documentation
• Institutions of administrative and customs law regulating the activities of customs authorities
• Revealing and bases of investigation of administrative offenses, referred to the competence of customs authorities
• Fundamentals of qualification of crimes in the field of customs
• Fundamentals of Investigation of Crimes Within the Competence of the Customs Authorities
• Fundamentals of document flow in customs authorities
• Personnel management in customs authorities
• Customs administration
• Customs administration
• Contracts and foreign trade documentation
• International customs cooperation
• Prosecutor supervision
• Organization of currency control in various customs regimes
• Customs payments in various customs regimes
• International conventions and agreements on trade
• Workshop on the application of customs payments
• Theory and practice of using customs controls
• International law
• International private law
• Constitutional law
• Constitutional law of foreign countries
• Criminal law and criminal procedure
• Administrative law
• National security
• National and regional policy
• Fundamentals of Systems Analysis
• Accounting
• Customs management
• Customs Economics
• Economic security
• Analysis of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise
• Business planning
• Fundamentals of foreign economic activity
• Entrepreneurship in the customs sphere
• Pricing in foreign trade
• Economic potential of the customs territory of Russia
• Customs information technology
• Customs statistics
• Economic theory
• Ethics of civil service and civil servant
• Sociology
• Management
• Customs value control
• Workshop on Contract Price Control

Future customs specialists undergo educational and industrial practice in transport and forwarding companies, where customs clearance of goods takes place; customs terminals; firms conducting export-import operations with goods; customs brokerage companies that carry out customs clearance of goods.

Form of study: full-time
Price: RUB 290,000 / year
Duration: 5 years
Learning basics: budget, contract

Main professional educational programs being implemented, 2020:

1. Organization of customs control
2. Customs payments and foreign exchange regulation
3. Foreign trade, transport and customs logistics

In light of the deeper involvement of Russia in the global integration processes, "Customs" is one of the most demanded programs, allowing to train relevant specialists of a qualitatively new level.

Conditions of admission:

Conditions of education:

A deferral from service in the RF Armed Forces is provided in accordance with applicable law.

Graduates of the "Customs" program are qualified specialists, the demand for which is ensured by the rapid development of Russia's foreign economic relations. The course was developed in 2012 and is based on a combination of fundamental theoretical knowledge and practical skills. In the course of training, RANEPA provides students with practical training in the customs authorities.

Skills of specialists

With successful training in the "Customs" program, students acquire knowledge in the field of jurisprudence, the basics of organization, management of customs processes and foreign economic activity. Future specialists develop skills in various areas of the chosen profession:

• foreign economic transactions;
• the conclusion of contracts;
• application of customs procedures;
• calculation of customs payments;
• declaring goods;
• control at customs;
• commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity (TN VED), etc.

Job prospects

After training, graduates of the faculty can hold the following positions in private and public structures:

• declarant;
• specialist or manager: customs, export;
• international transport specialist, etc.

After graduating from the course, graduates of the course are employed in large logistics companies, consulting centers, open their own business, occupy leading positions in the customs departments of international corporations, organize the work of border checkpoints, work in air and sea ports, at railway facilities, etc.

Education at RANEPA

The RANEPA program is aimed at training specialists who are able to solve not only basic professional tasks, but also find ways out of non-standard crisis situations. The training is conducted by teachers with practical experience in the customs authorities. Seminars, master classes, internships and practice in Russian and international structures are organized for students. Upon graduation, future specialists defend their qualifying work and receive a state diploma from one of the leading universities in Russia. If desired, the graduate can continue his education in the master's or graduate school. RANEPA provides the knowledge and skills necessary for a successful career in the customs field.