What is ethics. What is ethics and what does this science study. Structure and current ethical issues

The main provisions of the concept of Dynamic Psychiatry:

a) initially constructive aggression is organically characteristic of a person;

b) that a person should be understood as a being that lives in groups and contributes to these groups - a person at any age is fundamentally capable of changing and developing, illness should be understood as a limitation, and not as the disappearance of the ability to develop, illness and symptoms also mean a call for help to the patient's environment in order to regain his ability to develop;

c) that the self-identity of a person (thereby, and his health) always includes the pursuit of the above goals, imply ethics, which is in the traditions of humanism.

Psychodynamic human-structural therapy is guided by the image of a socially active person “homo politicus”, who is in interconnection with other people, with nature, with the cosmos and has religiosity in the etymological sense of re-ligio. (re-creation - re-creation of self-identity *).

Dynamic psychiatry does not recognize polarizing thinking and its consequences, violence, and advocates the introduction of group dynamics in order to humanize the work of institutions and policies. She tries to connect with the roots of history and spirituality. Therapy always has a spiritual aspect, the development of identity and thus, the patient's recovery cannot be imagined without the ethical integrity of the therapist. Like social psychiatry, Dynamic Psychiatry defines itself as a humanistic science of healing that facilitates communication between people and, thus, the world.

ETHICS

Ethics; Ethik) - a system of moral attitudes and requirements.

Jung believed that the moral law of an individual person expresses a mental fact, which, perhaps, was subjected to reflection and "judgment" of his own unconscious judgments, and perhaps not. The development of consciousness requires the consideration of things, including religious contemplation, both with universally significant and with personal point vision. According to Jung, this is the area of \u200b\u200bethics.

ETHICS

1. Teaching about morality as one of the forms of social consciousness - about its essence, role, laws of development. One of the forms of ideology. 2. The totality, system of norms of moral behavior of an individual, social or professional group.

Ethics

An idea of \u200b\u200bacceptable or correct behavior in pursuit of a specific personal or scientific goal. The study of ethics has traditionally been a branch of philosophy rather than science, but with an ever-increasing responsibility scientific research it becomes clear that the morality of an event must be considered along with practical considerations. In experiments with human participation, ethics becomes especially important. Most psychologists share a relativistic view of ethical responsibility, believing that the end justifies the means. The publication of clear ethical principles (for example, in the publications of the British Association of Psychologists) provides certain guidelines and allows experimental research to be carried out in such a way that it does not violate the interests of the participants and is morally justified from the point of view of the experimenter. The psychologist should be aware of the importance of informed consent and not mislead participants unless absolutely necessary. Simple adherence to the rules is not always sufficient for ethical research. From the point of view of many sociopsychologists, the experimental scientist should have a broad responsibility in the social context, and not only be responsible for the well-being of research participants. The use of animals in experiments has led to particularly heated discussions in this area (see Experiments on animals).

ETHICS

A branch of philosophy that studies what is considered acceptable in human behavior, what is good or bad, right or wrong in human behavior that pursues some goals and objectives. There is a tendency to use this term to refer to theoretical treatises, studies of the ideal; when considering actual human behavior in social and cultural settings (especially in relation to the creation and assimilation of ethical norms), many authors use the term morality and related terms. For a more detailed discussion, see the article on morality and the following.

ETHICS

Reading this work clearly shows that the practice of hypnosis poses ethical issuesand these problems are very different for traditional and new hypnosis. It should not be forgotten that hypnosis is considered immoral and dangerous by many.

Henri Ey (1963, foreword) raises the moral problem of "hacking the personality, enslaving the patient through his relationship to the hypnotist master." If such expressions now, perhaps, cause laughter, then the very problem of invasion is a pitfall that we must learn to avoid. The wild practice of suggestion, which is not alien to any type of hypnosis, puts legal problemseven if she is quite well-meaning.

The practice of hypnosis within the clinic does not provide reliable prescriptions. As Orne (1972) points out, the therapist using hypnosis must, like other therapists, act in union with the patient's healthy desires and aspirations, but the inept therapist is clearly at risk of merging with the destructive aspects of the patient's personality and reinforcing his destructive behavior.

Given all this, it becomes clear that hypnosis should be the property of qualified professionals: doctors, psychologists and some representatives of paramedical practice within the strict ethical framework of the profession where they are officially recognized. Respectable hypnotic societies fix ethical principles in their charters.

ETHICS

from the Greek. ethike, from ethos - custom, disposition, character) is a philosophical science that studies morality, morality. The term was introduced by Aristotle. From the Stoics comes the traditional division of philosophy into logic, physics, and e., Which was often understood as the science of human nature, that is, coincided with anthropology. Spinoza's "ethics" is the doctrine of substance and its modes. E. - the science of ought in the system of I. Kant, who developed the ideas of the so-called. autonomous E. as based on internal self-evident moral principles, opposing her E. heteronomous, emanating from some. conditions, interests and goals external to morality. In the twentieth century. M. Scheler and N. Hartmann, in contrast to Kant's "formal" E. of debt, developed a "material" (meaningful) E. of values. Central to ethics has been and remains the problem of good and evil, moral conflict, moral choice.

Ethics

greek ethos - custom; character) - 1. the philosophical doctrine of morality, the reasons and conditions for the emergence of moral norms, essence, as well as its conceptual and imperative forms. The subject of normative ethics is the moral ideal, values \u200b\u200band requirements, the peculiarities of their functioning; social ethics - morality from the point of view social life; individual ethics - the moral life of individual individuals; 2.the system of norms of moral behavior of the individual, social groupfor example, medical ethics. The most striking and involuntarily admirable is the fact that the ethics of a doctor, which appeared, apparently, in preliterate antiquity, is still the highest achievement of the human mind, in contrast to the countless variants of narrowly professional corporate ethics; 3.biomedical ethics is an interdisciplinary field of research, which has as its subject the value aspects of the activity of the medical community, ethical problems of the relationship between a doctor and a patient, questions social policy in the field of health care, as well as organ transplantation, the use of new technologies of childbirth, cloning, genetic engineering, the use of blastomeres (stem cells) for medicinal purposes, etc.; 4. general cultural factors of the social environment.

The word "ethics" has a Greek root, which means "disposition" or "custom". Let's take a closer look at what ethics is and why we need it.

Ethics concept

Ethics is a philosophical doctrine that examines morality and ethics, as well as issues of good and evil. This term is also understood as the norms of human behavior in society and a way of regulating relations.

Ethics does not give advice for every day, it only forms directions. The task of ethics is to teach morality, so that in the future a person himself finds the right solutions.

History of appearance: ethics in philosophy

If we turn to the origins of ethics, then respect for the elders of the tribe can be cited as an example of the first rules of behavior.

• As a formulated philosophical doctrine, ethics first appeared among the Pythagoreans. They outlined the basic principles of good, such as harmony, measure and order in everything. Accordingly, evil was defined as a violation of harmony and symmetry.
• Aristotle first identified the subject of ethics. He puts this term at the forefront of practical philosophy. According to his teachings, the main goal is happiness, which can only be achieved through self-realization. The virtues to be followed are a sense of proportion, prudence and a golden mean in everything.
• The philosophers of the Renaissance believed that ethics is something that is originally available in a person and does not require education. Virtues are inherent in every person from birth, and in conditions favorable for development, he cannot become immoral. The norms of morality are absolutely natural, and the proof of this is the presence of conscience.
• Kant also believed that the principles of ethics were originally laid down, but not for everyone. According to the philosopher, this does not depend on the conditions in which a person was born and raised. An uneducated, ignoble person may have greater virtue and wisdom than a noble and better educated person. Desire and goodwill are the main conditions for fulfilling ethical standards.

At all times, a person tried to define for himself what is good and evil and what is really valuable - the good of one individual or the whole society. Ethics in philosophy has always had many directions. In addition, the objectives of ethics were constantly changing, and this process continues to this day.

Contemporary ethics

Among modern ethical concepts, two main ones can be distinguished: the ethics of violence and the ethics of non-violence.

The founders of the concept of the ethics of violence were Nietzsche, Dühring and Karl Marx. They believed that violence plays a large role in the history of mankind and is absolutely justified when changing power. In their opinion, everyone has the right to change the way of life of society, and human sacrifice is inevitable. In practice, the ethics of violence was developed in such dictatorships as Leninism, Stalinism and Hitlerism.

The modern ethic of nonviolence emerged as a counterweight to the ethic of violence and gained widespread acceptance in the 20th century. The basic principle of this concept is this: no violence against a person is permissible - neither moral nor physical.

Leo Tolstoy played an important role in the development of this concept. In his opinion, using violence against each other, people become vicious. These imperfections must be eradicated in ourselves, since they are destructive both for their owner and for those around them.

ML King even opened an "institute of nonviolence" in New York. He, in turn, described the principles of philanthropy and the ways of their development. According to King, love for each other is humanity's only chance to survive.

Another famous humanist of the 20th century is Gandhi. He believed that the principles of non-violence are natural for strong, educated people. The harmony of reason and love is the ideal foundation for the ethics of non-violence.

Ethics Subject: Communication Rules

What is Communication Ethics? Will we be able to interact with each other without observing ethical standards? Of course not, because communication should be not only effective, but also pleasant.

During any communication, the rules of courtesy must be observed. You cannot be rude or raise your voice. This will not only nullify the conversation, but also turn all communication into a waste of time.

Disagreement with the interlocutor should be expressed only in the correct form and without becoming personal. Arguments should be given only on the essence of the conversation - then the interlocutors will be able to come to a decision.

In any situation, the golden rule of ethics will be relevant: "Do with others the way you want to be treated with you."

1) the science of morality. As a term and a special systematized discipline goes back to Aristotle. From the word "ethos", which in Homeric antiquity denoted a habitat, and subsequently a stable nature of K. l. phenomena, incl. disposition, character, ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

Ethics - Ethics ♦ Éthique Often synonymous with morality. Therefore, if you do not set yourself the goal of strictly distinguishing them, it is better to speak not ethics, but morality. But if you set such a goal? Etymology is not our help here. The words "morality" and ... ... Sponville's Philosophical Dictionary

ETHICS, ethics, many others. no, wives. (from the Greek éthos custom). 1. Philosophical teaching about morality, about the rules of human behavior. Ethics of the Stoics. Kant's idealistic ethics. Materialistic ethics. 2. Norms of behavior, morality, totality ... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

- [lat. ethica Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

ethics - and, w. éthique f., German. Ethik, lat. ethica c. ethos custom, character. 1. The science of morality, of the rules of human behavior as a form of social consciousness. ALS 1. Kant's idealistic ethics. Ush. 1940. 2. Norms of behavior, morality ... ... Historical Dictionary of Russian Gallicisms

- (Greek ethika: from ethos temper, custom, character, way of thinking) 1) at the level of self-determination, the theory of morality, which sees its goal in substantiating a model of a decent life; 2) practically throughout the entire history of E., the justification of one or another specific ... ... History of Philosophy: An Encyclopedia

The study of morals (morality), morality. Ethical to ethics, to morals related. Wed We shout loudly: ethics! But blackmail Reckoning and arimetika reign; As a result ѣ avantage. *** Aphorisms. Wed We can’t refrain from betting, but in the same place about ... ... Michelson's Big Explanatory and Phraseological Dictionary (original spelling)

Morality, morality; moral code, ethical standards Dictionary of Russian synonyms. ethics see morality Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M .: Russian language. Z.E. Aleksandrova. 2011 ... Synonym dictionary

- (Greek ethos - habit, custom) - a philosophical discipline that studies morality, morality, its principles and mechanisms of action. The term was first used by Aristotle as a designation for a special area of \u200b\u200bresearch. (lat.ethica, from the gr. ethos - ... ... Encyclopedia of Cultural Studies

- (Greek ethike, from ethos custom, disposition, character), a philosophical science that studies morality, morality. The term was introduced by Aristotle. From the Stoics comes the traditional division of philosophy into logic, physics and ethics, which was often understood as the science of ... ... Modern encyclopedia

Books

• Ethics, P.A.Kropotkin. 1991 edition. The preservation is good. The collection includes selected works on ethics by the leading theoretician of Russian anarcho-communism P.A.Kropotkin. Among them, not only his last work ...

Give a definition of "ethics"

What is the subject of ethics as a science?

In the modern sense, ethics is a philosophical science that studies morality as one of the most important aspects of the life of a person and society. If morality is an objectively existing specific phenomenon of social life, then ethics as a science studies morality, its essence, nature and structure, laws of origin and development, place in the system of other social relations, theoretically substantiates a certain moral system. Historically, the subject of ethics has changed significantly. It began to take shape as a school for educating a person, teaching his virtue, was considered and considered (by religious ideologists) as a call for a person to fulfill the divine covenants that ensure the immortality of the individual; characterized as a doctrine of an indispensable duty and ways of its implementation, as a science of the formation of a "new man" - an unselfish builder of absolutely fair public order etc. In ethics, it is customary to separate two kinds of problems: the actual theoretical problems about the nature and essence of morality and moral ethics - the doctrine of how a person should act, what principles and norms must be guided by. In the system of science, ethical axiology is distinguished, which studies the problems of good and evil; deontology, investigating the problems of debt and due; Discretionary ethics that studies the morality of a society in sociological and historical aspects; genealogy of morality, historical ethics, sociology of morality, professional ethics. Ethics as a science not only studies, generalizes and systematizes the principles and norms of morality operating in society, but also contributes to the development of such moral concepts that meet the historical needs to the maximum extent, thereby contributing to the improvement of society and man.

Define and list the main ethical categories. What are the functions of ethical categories?

Categories of ethics are the basic concepts of ethical science, reflecting the most essential elements of morality. The formal apparatus of ethics consists of categories, at the same time it exists in the spontaneous consciousness of society. The categories of ethics include: good and evil; good; justice; debt; conscience; a responsibility; dignity and honor.

Good and evil are the most common forms of moral assessment, distinguishing between moral and immoral. Good is a category of ethics that unites everything that has a positive moral meaning, meets the requirements of morality, and serves to delimit the moral from the immoral, opposing evil. Religious ethics sees good as an expression of the mind or will of God. In various teachings, it is customary to deduce good from human nature, from public benefit, from a cosmic law or a world idea, etc. Evil – category of ethics, in its content opposite to good, generalized expressing the idea of \u200b\u200bimmorality, contrary to the requirements of morality, deserving of condemnation. This is a general abstract characterization of negative moral qualities. Moral evil should be distinguished from social evil (the opposite of good). Moral evil takes place when it is a manifestation of the will of a certain person, group of persons, social stratum. Usually negative actions of people are assessed as moral evil.

Justice is a category that means a state of affairs that is considered for granted, that meets the ideas of the essence of man, his inalienable rights, proceeding from the recognition of equality between all people and the need for correspondence between action and retribution for good and evil, the practical role of different people and their social position, rights and obligations, merit and their recognition.

Duty is a category of ethics, meaning the attitude of an individual to society, other people, expressed in a moral obligation towards them in specific conditions. Duty is a moral task that a person formulates for himself on the basis of moral requirements addressed to everyone. This is the personal task of a particular person in a particular situation. The debt can be social: patriotic, military, doctor's duty, judge's duty, investigator's duty, etc. Personal debt: parental, filial, marital, comradely, etc.

Conscience is sometimes called the other side of debt. Conscience is a self-evaluating feeling, experience, one of the oldest intimate and personal regulators of human behavior. Conscience is a category of ethics that characterizes a person's ability to exercise moral self-control, internal self-assessment from the standpoint of compliance of his behavior with the requirements of morality, to independently formulate moral tasks for himself and demand from himself to fulfill them.

Honor - as a category of ethics means a person's moral attitude towards himself and the attitude towards him from society, those around him, when the moral value of an individual is associated with the moral merits of a person, with his specific social status, occupation and moral merit recognized for it (honor of an officer, honor of a judge, honor of a scientist, doctor, entrepreneur ...).

What are the features of the professional ethics of a lawyer?

The fulfillment of public duties requires a heightened sense of duty from government officials. People who decide the fate of others should have a developed sense of responsibility for their decisions, actions and deeds. Detailed and consistent regulation of the entire official activity of a judge, investigator and prosecutor by law is a feature of this profession, which leaves a deep imprint on its moral content. There is, perhaps, no other branch of professional activity that would be regulated in such detail by the law as procedural activity carried out by a judge, prosecutor or investigator. Their actions and decisions, in essence and in form, must strictly comply with the law. The professional ethics of a lawyer is characterized by a particularly close connection between legal and moral norms that regulate it. professional activity... Realizing the legal and moral requirement of justice, the lawyer relies on the law.

Answers to tickets by professional ethics

give a definition of "ethics"

Ethics (Greek ethiká, from ethikós - concerning morality, expressing moral convictions, ethos - habit, habit, disposition) is a philosophical science, the object of study of which is morality, morality as a form of social consciousness, as one of the most important aspects of human life, a specific phenomenon social and historical life. Ethics clarifies the place of morality in the system of other social relations, analyzes its nature and internal structure, studies the origin and historical development of morality, theoretically substantiates one or another of its systems. The defining principle of all ethics is the idea: the attitude of man to the world is determined by the reciprocal attitude of the world to man. Ethical behavior begins with the difference between the concepts of "good" and "evil". Ethical thought begins by defining the difference between good and bad. The original sources were myths, proverbs, sayings. The very same word "ethics" was introduced by Aristotle in the 4th century. BC ("ethics" - the science of moral behavior).