The organization of the production of cinder blocks is one of the most demanded types of business. Is the production of cinder blocks profitable in the current market realities? Small Business Ideas Cinder Block Machine

Competition in the building materials market is high, but the production of cinder blocks can become a profitable business that consistently brings income to the owner. The products are invariably in demand among construction companies and private developers. It is better for a novice businessman to start with the purchase of a mini-plant for the production of cinder blocks - the development and promotion of such a business requires less effort.

Advantages of cinder block production:

• wide range of applications (construction of private houses, workshops, garages, household blocks, etc.);
• high heat and sound insulation;
• the possibility of self-laying blocks;
• you can start production 2 days after the installation of the equipment;
• high laying speed;
• the ability to change the composition of the concrete mix;
• low cost compared to other building materials (foam concrete, brick, aerated concrete).

Disadvantages:

• dependence on the season;
• the building looks unattractive without external finishing;
• low environmental friendliness when using blast furnace slag.

Cinder blocks are a building material for construction, erection of walls and partitions. It is produced by vibrocompression of the solution using special forms. Cement and any available filler (slag, sand, gravel, perlite, etc.) are taken as the basis.

Required documents:

• premises lease agreement;
• in the presence of employees - an employment contract.

Premises for production

A leased area (at least 50 m2) is suitable, you can consider several options:

• a room under a roof with a flat concrete floor, with heating and a functioning ventilation system (suitable for work all year round);
• fenced without a roof, with a flat floor (asphalt, concrete, tamped earth).

When choosing a place for a workshop, preference should be given to premises close to facilities involved in the extraction of raw materials for building materials (sand pits, cement plants) to reduce transportation costs.

The location of objects for the sale of cinder blocks near the workshop will also reduce transportation costs and reduce the cost of production.

You can read how to open your own stretch ceiling business and what is required for this.

Raw materials for the manufacture of cinder blocks

For the production of cinder blocks required:

• cement;
• plasticizing additive;
• filler;
• water.

Depending on the fillers, the quality of the cinder blocks and the price change. Most commonly used:

• slag;
• broken brick;
• granulated slag;
• sawdust;
• screening out;
• gypsum;
• expanded clay;
• crushed stone;
• shavings;
• sand.

Cinder block recipes can differ not only in the type of filler, but also in its amount.

The plasticizing additive improves the physical characteristics of the product (water and frost resistance, strength).

Staff

The mini-workshop will be able to serve 2 people (they do not need to have professional skills, the principle of operation of the equipment is explained on the spot). With 2 shift work, 2 workers will be required per shift.

Equipment for the manufacture of cinder blocks

In the process of manufacturing cinder blocks, you can use installations that differ in cost and technical characteristics. You will definitely need a vibrator. You can buy inexpensive equipment (for 60 thousand rubles), but it has low performance.

To produce 75 cinder blocks per hour, you need:

• concrete mixer;
• vibrating sieve;
• vibrating machine.

Cinder block production technology

The cinder block production technology includes 3 main stages:

1. Preparation of semi-dry concrete mix from cement, screening and water (allows to reduce cement consumption). A concrete mixer is used to prepare the mixture. The plasticizing additive at the rate of 5 g per block allows them to:

• gain strength faster;
• improve quality;
• improve water resistance.
• increase productivity.

2. Unloading of freshly prepared mortar into forms of vibropress (solid or with voids). The mixture is compacted by vibration and pressing with a punch. After lifting the die, the finished block remains on the pallet. The vibrocompression process takes 10 - 90 seconds.

The resulting block should not crumble when dry. It is important to strictly adhere to the recipe, clearly observing the proportions of the components.

3. The hardening of products lasts 3 days at natural temperature. During this time, the strength of the cinder blocks increases.

They speed up the process of additives (relaxon, fulleron, etc.). Finished products are stacked on multi-tiered storage racks. Finally, cinder blocks harden after 20 - 27 days at a certain temperature (18 degrees and not lower),

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Sales of products

Opening a business for the production of cinder blocks at home should after the conclusion of a preliminary agreement for the supply of large quantities. Low cost and simplicity of components for its production are the advantages of manufacturing these products.

For better recognition, experts advise to paint the blocks - this will slightly increase the cost, but it will make the cinder blocks recognizable (branded), which will advantageously distinguish them from others.

More often give information about the advantages of cinder blocks, inform about their scope. Communicate with construction companies, participate in exhibitions of building materials, on thematic forums, make booklets and leaflets.

Step-by-step instructions for starting a furniture production from scratch, as well as a business plan with calculations are contained

Cinder block production: business plan with cost and income calculations

The initial investment will be:

• purchase of equipment 1,800 thousand rubles;
• lease of premises 30 thousand rubles;
• utility bills 20 thousand rubles;
• salary 80 thousand rubles;
• raw materials 40 thousand rubles;
• other expenses 40 thousand rubles.

Total: 2010 thousand rubles.

The most popular method for making cinder blocks is considered to be the ratio of dropout, cement and water as 5: 1: 1

At a cost:

• 1 kg dropout 0.28 rubles;
• 1 liter of water 0.29 rubles;
• 1 kg of cement 6 rubles.

, a business plan with calculations and manufacturing technology are in the article at the link.

The cost of raw materials for the production of 1 cinder block will be 7, 69 rubles. At the price of 1 cinder block 30 rubles. you can calculate the income from the sale of cinder blocks:

Profitability and payback periods

The profitability of the cinder block business, according to experts, is 53% and above. According to the business plan, the Investment will pay off within the first year.

The production of cinder blocks as a business is an interesting and promising direction. The cinder block production technology does not require special knowledge or great experience, the cost is low, you can start a business with a small start-up capital.

Production of cinder blocks at home - video with manufacturing technology

It is not difficult to organize a business for the production of cinder blocks: the technology is simple, the raw materials are cheap. However, a careful calculation of profitability is required. This niche cannot be called free, which means that the products must be competitive in quality and price.

Cheap wall materials are in demand in the construction of summer cottages, garages, utility buildings, and sometimes industrial facilities. The production of cinder blocks as a business is attractive due to the simple technology, the cheapness of raw materials and the breadth of the sales market. Currently, not only slag is used for their manufacture, but other fillers. The outdated name is strongly associated with the low-grade building material of the Soviet era, from which it was customary to build mainly cowsheds. Modern blocks have little in common with it, they are often called according to the composition of the main components or manufacturing technology.

Raw materials, varieties, certification

In fact, any cinder block is an artificial building stone obtained from concrete mortar. Composition for 80 - 90%: boiler slag, metallurgical waste, granite crushed stone and screening, brick breakage, sand. Modern environmentally friendly components are becoming more and more popular: expanded clay (expanded clay), arbolite (wood pellets, sawdust), polystyrene (porous plastics). Depending on this, a wide variety of names of the finished product arise. The bonding mass is represented by cement, sometimes with the use of plasticizing additives that accelerate the hardening process (Table 1).

When planning the production of cinder blocks, you need to have answers to three main questions:

1. what materials are available for use as filler;
2. what types of stone are in demand in a particular area;
3. what is more profitable to use as an advantage: price or quality of products.

The most interesting thing is that the cinder block is not subject to mandatory certification. Unlike the constituent components: cement, sand, gravel, chemical additives - they must comply with established standards. If desired, the manufacturer can pass it on a voluntary basis in any appropriate laboratory. The products will be checked for compliance with GOST 6665-91 "Concrete wall stones. Specifications". This will require:

1. certificate of state registration (OGRN, INN);
2. technical conditions, if any (TU);
3. application and details of the enterprise.

The absence of Gost, on the one hand, unties the hands, and on the other, it gives rise to certain problems. Buyers are critical of the seller's unfounded statements, and the presence of a certificate is a convincing argument when choosing a building material. The use of industrial waste is especially not encouraged - such products are difficult to classify as environmentally friendly materials.

Cinder block production technology

The full cycle of manufacturing building stone includes:

• kneading the original semi-rigid mixture in a mixer or concrete mixer;
• loading concrete into a matrix (with or without a void former);
• leveling the mix, sealing corners (with manual loading);
• compaction of the solution by vibration (from 2 to 30 sec) and clamping;
• demoulding by lifting the die; the block remains on the floor or pallet;
• transportation of finished products to the final drying site.

The hard solution does not allow the block to crumble after pressing, and to lose shape after drying. The temperature in the working room must be at least 1 ° C. Hardening to a degree that allows handling takes place within 1.5 - 4 days. By adding special plasticizers, it can be reduced to several hours. The final ripening is carried out on shelves, or outdoors, at natural temperature for a month. The humidity should be high, sometimes steaming is used.

Common types of equipment

The principle of operation, as well as the performance, of most mechanical, semi-automatic machines differs little from each other. Rather, when choosing, attention is paid to the reliability of materials, design features, ease of use. They can be conditionally divided into three groups:

• simple mechanical lathes using manual labor (popularly known as "papyrki"); with or without low-power vibrators;
• semi-automatic vibropresses equipped with additional elements that facilitate labor: a lifting mechanism, a rollback, etc .;
• automatic lines, including compulsory concrete mixers, buckets with batchers, conveyors, vibropresses in one process.

If we talk about small business, then most of them use mechanical machines and vibropresses. For example, 175 offers for the sale of equipment for the manufacture of cinder blocks were presented at one of the largest Internet stores. Consider what manufacturers offer.

1 Machine tools with low power vibrator.

In the total volume of the offer, they occupy about half - 80 pieces at a price of up to 50,000 rubles. About 40 models are sold at a price of up to 25,000 rubles (RMU-1, Strom-unique, 1X Universal, Mars, M3 K). The principle of operation of "simplified" vibration is that it allows you to shape a semi-rigid concrete mass using a matrix.

Most of these devices (Fig. 1) have a productivity of 200 - 1,000 blocks per day. Mixing of mortar, feeding into molds, leveling are done manually. They differ in the power of the electric motor, the number of matrices (from 1 to 4 pieces), the design of the lifting mechanism, the possibility of rolling back the machine. Working on them is hard physical labor, the geometry of the products is difficult to maintain.

This category also includes some of the machines with enhanced vibration costing 50,000 - 100,000 rubles (Fig. 2). The number of proposals is about 30. In principle, they do not differ from their low-powered counterparts. Usually they have a larger number of dies (up to 8 pieces), some models have a table, others have wheeled mechanisms, and so on.

According to concrete practitioners, an increase in the number of matrices does not lead to a direct increase in efficiency. Productivity is a relative concept when it comes to manual or semi-mechanized labor. Such machines are more difficult to maintain, at least two people must work on them. They practically do not reduce costs, but they are more expensive.

2 Semi-automatic hydraulic vibrating presses.

This group includes machine tools, devices costing from 170,000 to 470,000 rubles (Stroy-Profi-4, Sirgis-3, Rifey, Skala 15ML, Mastek-Meteor, Universal). Usually they are designed for the production of 3 - 4 blocks per cycle, the pressure on the concrete mass is 2,000 - 5,000 kg, the pressing time is up to 30 seconds. A significant advantage (in addition to facilitating physical labor) is the high quality of products. Shaping tooling (die, punch) ensures precise geometry. The capacity is positioned as 120 - 180 pieces / hour, that is, from 1,000 to 2,000 per shift.

Features:

1. automatic, semi-automatic control; minimum of manual labor;
2. high quality, good geometry of products, different types of blocks;
3. additional equipment for the production of curbs, paving slabs;
4. unloading bunkers, belt conveyors; shock-absorbing springs;
5. the ability to connect to a line with other equipment;
6. production of blocks with a decorative surface: smooth, corrugated, stone-like.

3 Mini-factories for the production of cinder blocks.

The price of automated lines that implement a full production cycle from forced mixing of the initial mass in a concrete mixer, with automatic feeding, pressing and drying (steaming) - from 2 to 5 million rubles. They are distinguished by their high productivity, producing up to 400 finished blocks (80 pallets) per hour, as a rule, they are completed with a set of replaceable modules for the production of other types of concrete products (up to 350 pieces). The set includes forced action concrete mixers, high-power vibropresses, vibrating tables, overpasses. Such mini-factories are produced by LLC Mastek and some other manufacturers (Fig. 3).

Investment, payback, profitability

Slag blocks belong to small-piece concrete products, along with cellular concrete (foam and gas blocks). The main advantage is the low price. A special feature is seasonal demand, because they prefer to build construction in the summer. In addition, stone wall materials are not equally in demand across regions. You can indirectly estimate the need by the distribution of the main competitor - bricks (Fig. 5).

The amount of investment depends on the type of equipment purchased, the availability of the filler (mainly local materials), and the cost of cement - this is the most expensive part of the raw material.

For example, we will give the calculation of the cost of costs for 1 cinder block at prices of the Middle Urals in 2015.

• cement - 9.28 rubles. (3.5 kg);
• screening of granite - 1.12 rubles. (9.3 kg);
• sand - 3.16 rubles. (9.3 kg);
• e / energy - 0.44 rubles;
• salary - 2.18 rubles.

Total: unit costs are RUB 16.17. A year ago, it was about 12.24 rubles.

For 9 months of 2015, the average price for cement increased by 1.9% and amounted to 3,931 rubles / ton in October (2,858 rubles for the same period in 2014). And its consumption decreased by 11% (Fig. 6).

The cost of one standard cinder block ranges from 27 to 29 rubles per piece, expanded clay block is more expensive: 37 to 39 rubles. At first glance, the profitability seems high, but it is still necessary to add the cost of equipment, rental of premises for production and storage.

What else needs to be considered when planning:

• building materials are not characterized by elastic demand - a decrease in prices has little effect on sales; the buyer prefers quality, since the period of use is long;
• do not rely on the equipment performance parameters specified by the manufacturer; in reality, it is usually 15-20% lower;
• at the beginning of work, time will be spent on the selection of the optimal ratio of components, development of technology - the quality of the product strongly depends on the equipment used and the composition of the mixture.

Summary

It is impossible to say unequivocally whether the manufacture of cinder blocks is profitable or not. In each case, a huge number of local factors must be taken into account: demand, access to cheap (or even free) filler, the number of competitors, the cost of labor in the region, its organization, delivery cost, product quality. It all depends on what the entrepreneur's goal is: to make a living for the family, or to reach a certain business level.

The most difficult thing in this business is to find a niche in the sales market. Business is more successful for those who leave "on the shoulders of builders" - that is, they start work, having secured certain guarantees. For those who rely on the end consumer, it is more difficult. Although right now, during the crisis, the ordering of services has decreased, and more is being built independently.

There are a lot of similar incendiary descriptions on the Internet, such as:

1

"In 2004, the production company MSD, began production and sale of equipment for the production of cinder blocks and other wall stones obtained by vibrocompression. The main equipment required for the production of cinder blocks is a vibrating machine with a matrix and a clamp. The author of the site www.evrostanok.ru was developed and the simplest version of a vibrating machine was introduced into production, the price of which (today we have 170 USD) allows almost any novice entrepreneur with a small start-up capital to start a business for the production of cinder blocks ... A business for the production of cinder blocks can be organized if there is a flat asphalt, concrete or even clay site from 100 square meters. With equipment costing up to 200 USD, you can produce up to 500 blocks per shift! Usually, the profit from one cinder block is not less than 0.1 USD, therefore the equipment can pay for itself in just a few days!

2

"How to make money out of thin air

So, let's start understanding:
Low-rise construction is an eternal theme that dominates the minds of most of the population of our country, and in the light of recent trends: the active development of the private sector, summer cottages, cottage settlements, etc. all of this is acquiring unprecedented significance. One of the main questions is what to build from and where to get the material? The material is cheap, readily available, durable, resistant to atmospheric influences with good thermal insulation and attractive in appearance, it turns out that with all the wealth of choice and the variety of proposed building materials, there is simply no alternative to a homemade building block!
1. Cheapness - blocks are made from almost any available "free" raw material serving as a filler.
2. Accessibility - in order to start making blocks independently, you need: a vibrating machine from Stroytekhnik, a concrete mixer or any container for mixing components, a more or less flat platform and one or two people with arms and legs and an unshakable desire to work.
3. Strength - building blocks made of crushed stone or granulation have great strength and are suitable for multi-storey construction using concrete floors.
4. Durability - whole neighborhoods of garage cooperatives rebuilt in the Soviet period from the notorious "cinder block" to this day are indestructible in the service of motorists.
5. Aesthetics and thermal insulation properties - the use of natural or artificial porous materials, for example, extruded polystyrene foam or wood chips in combination with coloring pigments, gives the block unusually high thermal insulation properties comparable to the best more expensive analogs and an attractive appearance - worthy to decorate the facade of any building ,
Indeed, the independent production of a building block is available to almost everyone, at various levels, whether it be a one-time production for private needs, production for a "perpetual" construction site or commercial production. The main component of this process is the presence of a vibrating table. Having decided on the needs and agreed with your own capabilities, you need to contact Stroytekhnik for professional help in choosing and purchasing the necessary equipment and technology. Experienced specialists will offer you the most rational solution based on the specific requirements and conditions put forward by the customer.
Almost everything that is available to the manufacturer can serve as a filler material. You have at your side a thermal power plant or a stoker of some enterprise or institution operating on solid fuel - great - you are provided with excellent and, most importantly, free raw materials - furnace slag. You live in the city and everything is available to you! - great, you are not limited in your choice! we select the primary requirement: strength - crushed stone, granulation; thermal insulation and lightness - expanded clay and expanded polystyrene. Your destiny is the forest side - wonderful! Woodworking waste: sawdust, chips will serve as an excellent raw material for a building block, giving it excellent thermal insulation properties, and an unusual appearance. You have none of this, but around the bare steppe there is no tree or stone, and only a herd of animals wanders sadly in the distance - just amazing! All you need is a vibrating machine from Stroytekhnik, and the rest lies under your feet. Sand clay, some water and plant waste, straw, chopped sedge, reed stalks, etc. plus a drop of manure from the notorious animals "wandering in the distance" and you are the owner of adobe blocks - a building material of a dense past and a bright future, unsurpassed in environmental and consumer properties, ease of manufacture and disposal!
The binder material, again, can be the most accessible material, be it Portland cement, lime, various liquid adhesives, gypsum, clay, etc.
And where is the money out of thin air, as the title suggests, you ask? The answer to this question lies in the design of the unit itself, produced on the equipment of the Stroytekhnik company. The geometric outer dimensions of the resulting block are consistent with those generally accepted in construction and are: length 390mm, width 190mm, height 190mm. The internal structure, however, contains the whole "secret". Construction of machine tools of the Stroytekhnik company; allows you to obtain a building block with blind holes and the thickness of the outer contour and inter-cavity partitions optimized for a specific filler, with an ideal combination of strength and material consumption indicators. Thus, receiving a block with a volume of 0.014 m3 (39 cm x 19 cm x 19 cm), you spend only 0.009 - 0.011 m3 of raw material, and the rest of the air is the best heat insulator enclosed in the intra-block space and serves as either a source of savings or added value. "

OWN EXPERIENCE

I am grateful to this type of business only for one thing, it gave me the opportunity to think, reflect, dream and believe in myself and in my idea, and I also learned how to weld))) - nothing more.
So, I had an idea to open my own business (cinder block) at the beginning of 2007, took a partner into my "sect of romantics" and decided that it was worth the game of candles.
Everything went like clockwork, in 2 months without haste, we made our own installation based on photographs from the Internet (spent 1000 UAH on metal and electrodes, new in stores about 5000 UAH), began to make test copies, experimented with the components of the concrete mass ...
And when it came to production, they began to calculate the possible earnings. It turned out that even if we did it ourselves, the profits turned out to be so scanty that it’s easier to get a job somewhere.
If anyone needs an installation I will sell with pleasure, I will show and tell you for $ 100.

MY COMMENTS

Most of all I like the phrase - How to make money out of thin air))))))) Oru can't.
I worked myself, saw how others work, believe me, it's not so simple to earn unhappy pennies, people shovel tons of people a day, I'll tell you why.

About 110 pieces of cinder block can be made from one cube of concrete (including voids)
total 4.54 cubic meters concrete per shift (the approximate weight of the entire mass will be 9-12 tons, and you need to transfer it at least two times - to the mixer and from the mixer into the molds, or maybe transfer the finished blocks for drying, where how)
Imagine how much you need to first throw, sand, crushed stone, cement into a concrete mixer, and then, throw concrete into the matrix ...
In fact, 20 tons for some will seem like nonsense, if you throw not all this to one, but two or three. But how much will you earn then ???

CALCULATIONS per 1 cbm (approximate, more accurate do it yourself):
Cement - 150-250 kg (depending on which brand and expected strength) ~ 160 UAH.
Sand - 300- 400kg ~ 50 UAH
Screening - 1200-1300 kg ~ 150 UAH (you can save money using slag, but the quality deteriorates significantly, since the slag has smooth edges, in a word, a brittle concrete structure is obtained. Slag itself costs 11 UAH / ton, but delivery to Kharkiv with Zmievskaya TPP will cost you a tidy sum, I think 500 -800 UAH)
Water - about 100 liters, depending on the moisture content of the ingredients.
Electricity - .....
Total without salary \u003d 310-330 UAH / cubic meter (+ water, + light)
Z. p. workers per day (let's say 3 people) \u003d 300 UAH.
4.54 cubic meters * 330 UAH + 300 UAH \u003d 1800 UAH (500 pieces)

TOTAL cost of 1 piece: 1800: 500 \u003d 3.6 UAH
The profitability will be 15-30%. it seems to me for production - these are trifles ...

ZY you will be very lucky if you have the necessary space and workers who are ready to "die" in this production

The market price of cinder block in Kharkiv in 2009 was 4-4.5 UAH.
Well, it seems to be nothing, of course, to receive at 1 UAH / per piece, but I doubt that you will be able to produce so much on ordinary cheap machines (like "NESUSHKA", etc., etc. for 1-4 forms). Where I have not seen, but more than 100-150 pieces per day, 2 people do not make such a volume .... perhaps you have a better working staff.
I imagine it is possible to make money on a cinder block if you have an automatic installation (thousands so for $ 10,000 - $ 20,000), but we are not considering the PLANT option.
The recipe is actually different for everyone, but if you make 1:10 cement: filler, then it is unlikely that it will reach the consumer, but most likely will disintegrate in the hands during loading (depending on the drying technology, of course). This I mean that you won't be able to save a lot.
"With equipment worth up to $ 200, you can produce up to 500 blocks per shift" - I'll buy you a box of beer, okay, two, I want to see for myself how to make 500 pieces on such a machine - I DO NOT BELIEVE!
"The equipment can pay for itself in just a few days" - I wonder why not in a few hours ??? Similarly - I DO NOT BELIEVE.!

P.S. if you still stay on your own, calculate everything again and make sure that you still make money on it (God forbid - not a hernia or another sore :))))) GOOD LUCK!

* Calculations use average data for Russia

Initial investments:

Revenue:

Net profit:

Payback period:

The production of cinder blocks is a profitable business that can generate significant profits. Equipment for the production of cinder block is quite affordable, technology and raw materials are available in every region, which provides a low threshold for entering this business.

The main advantage of the cinder block, in comparison with other types of wall blocks used in construction, is its low price, which, against the background of decreasing incomes of the population, provides it with a significant competitive advantage.

Composition, types and brands of cinder block

A cinder block is a building stone, which is obtained by vibrocompression or natural shrinkage in special shapes. The main raw material for the production of cinder blocks is slag, granite crushed stone, expanded clay and other fillers, for the connection of which cement is used. Cinder block is a versatile material, the properties of which are largely determined by its main filler.

The most durable cinder blocks are made using sand, pebbles or crushed stone, but they also have maximum thermal conductivity.

The main types of cinder blocks include:

solid blocks with solid filler for laying plinths and foundations;

full-bodied blocks for laying walls, which have less weight and strength;

cinder blocks for masonry partitions, which are lighter than brick;

colored decorative cinder blocks, which are used for wall cladding, fences.

The main characteristic of the cinder block is its strength grade, which ranges from 35 to 125 kg / cm2. Cinder block is considered a low heat-conducting material. Its thermal conductivity depends on the filler and varies between 0.3 - 0.65 W / m * k. For comparison, ceramic bricks have a thermal conductivity of 0.8 W / m * k, and silicate bricks - about 0.9 W / m * k.

The standard service life of the cinder block is approaching 100 years. It is very convenient for construction that the cinder block practically does not shrink, but it has a high level of water absorption, and therefore buildings made of cinder block must be finished with some kind of insulating material.

Slag blocks are standardized in accordance with GOST 6133-99 “Concrete wall stones. Technical conditions ". The environmental friendliness of the cinder block is determined by its filler.

Scope of cinder block

The main area of \u200b\u200buse of cinder block is the construction of buildings and structures. First of all, it is used for the construction of low-rise buildings, the construction of auxiliary buildings, ventilation ducts and in landscape design.

The main competitor as a building material for cinder block is brick. Both the one and the other material has its pros and cons, in terms of using it for the construction of buildings. The main advantage of using a cinder block is its lower cost per square meter of the building being erected, as well as a smaller amount of cement mixture required for masonry.

Technology and equipment for the production of cinder block

The cinder block production technology is quite simple. At the first stage, mixtures are made from cement, selected filler and water. Plasticizers are added to the prepared mixture, which increase the strength and waterproof properties of the product.

Also, special chemical additives are used to save cement, accelerate hardening processes, increase frost resistance (that is, increase the number of freeze / thaw cycles without damaging the block), and ensure hardening at low temperatures. These chemical additives can be divided into: plasticizing, air-entraining, hardening accelerators, anticorrosive and others.

To prepare a cinder block with your own hands, without the use of equipment, you can use many recipes. We will not dwell on them in detail, since the production of a cinder block by hand, without the use of equipment, is more likely not a business, but a way to save money on our own construction. The simplest and most universal recipe is as follows: 2 parts of sand, 2 parts of crushed stone, 7 parts of slag, 2 parts of M400 Portland cement. Water is added in a ratio of about 0.5 part plus the required plasticizers. However, each specialist in the production of cinder blocks has his own production recipe.

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The complete set of the basic technological line for the production of cinder block consists of a vibrating press, a concrete mixer, a trestle for a concrete mixer and a control panel. Additionally, the line can be equipped with various dispensers that simplify the process of loading the mixture. This line can be completed with various dies, which make it possible to produce cinder blocks with different configuration of voids.

Such a semi-automatic line can work both indoors and outdoors. Such equipment does not require special skills and complex personnel training. The area of \u200b\u200bthe production facility for the production of cinder block will be about 40-50 m2. Requires a 380 V power connection. The number of workers to service such a line is 2-3 people. The pressing time is about 30 seconds.

The principle of operation of the vibropress is quite simple. A molding pallet is placed on the vibrating table, then the molding sand is automatically loaded into the matrix. The vibrocompression process begins. At the end of forming, the worker lifts the die until the product is completely free from the die. Further, the pallet with the product moves out and is removed from the roll-out cart, and another pallet is installed in its place. Such a press costs about 360 thousand rubles.

Ready ideas for your business

For the production of cinder block, it is necessary to use a forced-type concrete mixer designed for the preparation of semi-dry hard mixtures. The convenience of this equipment is that, as a rule, strain gauges are provided for weighing raw materials, thereby achieving the accuracy of dosing raw materials according to a given recipe. The cost of such a Russian-made concrete mixer is about 240 thousand rubles.

The cost of additional equipment can be about 300 thousand rubles. Thus, the base line for the production of cinder block will be about 900 thousand rubles.

How to register a business for the production of cinder block

Business registration is necessary to be able to connect to power grids, conclude contracts with customers and ensure the safety of the business itself from the point of view of tax inspections. Do not forget about liability for illegal business activities.

However, the cinder block business does not require any serious specialized premises and does not imply large customers among legal entities. Most of your clients will be private customers.

Therefore, at the first stage, you can focus on setting up production and selecting clients, and only then get puzzled by the legal registration of the business.

Ready ideas for your business

The organizational and legal form of opening a business for the production of cinder block can be any, both a limited liability company and in the form of an individual entrepreneur. In our case, we recommend choosing the form of IE, as this will simplify the registration procedure, as well as the provision of regular tax reporting.

A simplified taxation system will be optimal for this type of business. Additionally, you need to decide on the choice of the object of taxation. For the simplified tax system, you can choose two types of objects: the object of taxation "income" or "income minus expenses".

As a rule, the criterion for choosing between these two objects is fairly simple. If the percentage of expenses in the proceeds is more than 60-70%, then it is more profitable to choose the object of taxation “income minus expenses”. If the percentage of expenses is less, then it is more profitable to pay from income. It should be noted that accounting for the object of taxation "income" is simpler.

When organizing a business for the production of cinder block, taking into account the scale of the business, we recommend that you engage a specialized accounting outsourcing company for the preparation of financial statements and submission of declarations.

After registration, you can receive a certificate for your products. Certification is optional but voluntary. This certificate will positively characterize your products in front of the customer. The cost of certification, depending on the region, will be 7-10 thousand rubles.

The OKVED code that must be used in the cinder block business will be 23.61.1 "Production of finished building products made of concrete, cement and artificial stone".

Competition and demand in the wall block market

Speaking about the business of producing cinder blocks, it is necessary to take into account that there are a large number of varieties of wall blocks on the market and they all compete with each other for the customer. The most common types of wall blocks include: foam concrete blocks, sand blocks made by volumetric vibrocompression, heat blocks, polystyrene concrete blocks, expanded clay concrete, arbolite, ceramic block, Balaev heat-efficient blocks.

In addition, there are several more effective technologies for the construction of buildings and structures, such as wood construction, frame construction and others.

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There is fierce competition in this market, the choice of material for construction is not easy for the customer. We will not consider the comparative characteristics of all these materials in terms of effectiveness, such studies can be found without difficulty.

However, with all the variety of choice in all studies, it turns out that there is no cheaper material for construction. Some experts question the ecological characteristics of the cinder block for the construction of residential buildings, but for the construction of outbuildings, the cinder block looks very profitable.

Let's first estimate how competitive the cinder block is among comparable building materials. To assess the demand for cinder block, we will use Yandex keyword statistics. There is a special service for this. We will analyze the number of requests for the following search phrases: "buy cinder block"; "Buy aerated concrete blocks" and "buy bricks". Such requests, as a rule, are carried out by small construction companies and individuals carrying out construction, that is, they are direct consumers.

On the request "buy cinder block" Yandex statistics says about 14 thousand requests per month. These statistics also include relevant queries, for example, "buy cinder blocks price" or "where to buy cinder blocks". In terms of regions, the leader in queries is the Ural Federal District, the Central Federal District and the Siberian Federal District. Yandex statistics, for assessing demand, provides another indicator - "Regional popularity". The indicator of the regional popularity of the query above 100% characterizes the increased interest of users of this region to the query. According to the indicator “Regional popularity”, the request “to buy a cinder block” in the Urals Federal District is 216%. That is, the interest in these products is increased.

For comparison, Moscow carries out three times fewer queries for this keyword, and the regional popularity is only 35%. This suggests that the main competitive advantage of the cinder block is its price, which is most in demand in regions with a lower standard of living.

Let's consider similar statistics for the key query "buy aerated concrete blocks". For this request, as well as for relevant ones, for example, "aerated concrete block price", the number of requests is about 14 thousand per month. Moscow and the Central Federal District are confidently leading in terms of the number of requests.

For the request "buy a brick", Yandex statistics says more than 200 thousand requests per month. The query "buy facing brick" is also popular in this block, with a share of almost 10% of all queries in this category. Such a ratio in requests is natural, since after all, it is brick that is the most common building material.

We conclude that the demand for cinder block, of course, is an order of magnitude lower than for brick, but it is there. Peak demand values \u200b\u200bfall on March, April May, that is, at the beginning of the construction season. During these months, the number of requests is more than 20 thousand requests per month. Statistics show that there is a strong demand for cinder block in Russia. However, before deciding to open a production, we recommend that you independently check the statistics for keywords for your region. We remind you once again that the cinder block is sold near the places of its production. This is done in order to reduce shipping costs. Check the number of requests for your city and region separately, this will help paint a more accurate picture of demand.

The Google search engine also has a similar service for analyzing keyword statistics. It will be optimal to estimate the number of queries in both search engines.

Profit, profitability and financial performance of the cinder block business

The production volume of the cinder block production line described above is about 1000 blocks per shift. The market price of such a block is about 35 rubles.

Thus, the proceeds will be about 1.05 million rubles per month, provided that they work in one shift. The production cost depends on the availability, cost and type of cinder block filler. Taking into account the average prices for raw materials, wages and taxes, the production cost will be about 40-50% of the selling price.

Thus, provided sufficient loading is provided, such a cinder block production line can provide revenue of about 12.6 million rubles per year. With such revenue, the net profit will amount to about 6.3 million rubles per year. The payback period with the specified investment costs of 900 thousand rubles will be less than two months.

Risks arising when starting a cinder block production

The main risk when starting a cinder block production is that you will not be able to find enough customers and, accordingly, you will not ensure sufficient production capacity to ensure profitable operation. Let's consider how to overcome this risk.

The cheapest and most effective way to promote your cinder block business is the internet. First of all, you should focus on message boards, they have a significant audience and good conversion. First of all, you need to place your ad on the avito website, which is the most visited bulletin board in Russia.

You also want to have your own website. Nowadays, if you use special site builders to create a website, you can do everything yourself. If you are not ready for this, then attract a specialist to create a website. The cost of developing such a site using a website builder will cost you about 10 thousand rubles. The annual service fee is about 3 thousand rubles. On the site you can place quality certificates, price lists, photos of product samples and other important information for the client.

Summing up, we conclude that the production of cinder blocks is a profitable business with low payback periods and a low entry threshold. The cinder block production technology is simple, raw materials are available, the equipment does not require complex expensive maintenance. Cinder block is predominantly in demand in regions with a low standard of living, as it is the cheapest building material. The main risk in the cinder block business is high competition in the building block market and the difficulty in finding customers.

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Currently, the building materials market is expanding, new types of building materials appear - better, more efficient and less expensive. In this article, a profitable business plan for the production of blocks will be proposed for consideration.

When organizing such a business, especially difficult questions should not arise, since the production technology is quite simple, and the finished product is not subject to mandatory certification, which significantly reduces investments and other difficulties associated with promoting products to the market.

Business plan: organization of the enterprise

The business plan includes the following points:

• registration of individual entrepreneurs;
• purchase of equipment;
• purchase of components necessary for production;
• production technology;
• calculation of investments;
• calculation of the company's profit.

In order not to violate the law, when creating a company, you must register as an individual entrepreneur with the tax service. This is a simple procedure. and it will not take much time and money.

First you need to decide on the place where the enterprise will be located.

There are no special requirements here, it can even be an open area with a canopy. But it will still be better if the production is located in a covered heated room, especially for the northern regions, then the production will not depend on weather conditions.

What equipment is needed for the production of cinder blocks:

• block molding machine (vibrating machine);
• concrete mixer;
• construction wheelbarrow (for transporting the finished mixture to the vibrating machine);
• shovels (for laying the mixture into a vibrating machine).

Required components for the manufacture of cinder blocks:

• cement in bags;
• filler;
• water.

There are a wide variety of molding machines on the market. The average cost of such a machine is from 20,000 to 300,000 rubles. - depending on performance and ease of use.

The scheme of work with the molding machine is simple: the finished mixture is poured into the molds and the machine is turned on for 30 seconds. The mixture is compacted, and the finished blocks are laid out on the surface prepared for them to dry.

The concrete mixer is designed for mixing. It is better to choose a bigger concrete mixer - the productivity of the enterprise will increase.

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Cinder blocks: components for production

For the production we need the following components: cement in bags, sand, filler - metallurgical slag or from coal combustion. Best of all, of course, expanded clay is suitable. Cement should be used grade M400, or better - M500, such cement can be added less by 10-15%.

You can also add a special plasticizer to the solution - it takes very little, about 5 g per 1 block, but the finished blocks, thanks to the addition of the plasticizer, will become stronger, their durability will increase and the drying time will be reduced.

There are several recipes for preparing the mixture:

• 1 part cement, 3 parts sand and 5 parts slag and 0.5 parts water;
• 1 part cement, 4 parts sand, 4 parts slag and 0.5 parts water;
• 9 parts slag, 1 part cement and 0.5 part water.

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Production technology

The production technology consists of 3 stages:

• preparation of the mixture;
• block making;
• drying and storage of blocks.

The mixture is prepared according to a pre-selected recipe. The components are placed in a concrete mixer, and water is poured into the same. The mixture should mix well and become smooth.

After mixing the mixture, it must be placed in the forms of a vibrating machine and vibration must be turned on. The mixture should fill the molds evenly; as it shrinks, it is necessary to add new portions of the mixture until the molds are completely filled. After the concrete has shrunk, the molds can be removed by leaving the finished blocks on the floor (or bedding for them). Now you can put a new portion of the mixture into the molds. By doing work in this way, you can get up to 900 blocks per work shift.

Drying the blocks must be given a separate time: the first 24 hours the blocks dry as they were left after the machine. During drying, they must sometimes be moistened with water, like any product made of concrete. After a day, the blocks are turned on their side and dried for another 24 hours. After 2 days, they can be stacked on pallets.

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Calculation of profit and costs

To organize a business for the production of cinder blocks, you will have to make the following investments:

• purchase of equipment;
• purchase of components for production;
• payment of labor.

Equipment cost calculation:

• vibrating machine - 50,000 rubles;
• concrete mixer - 50,000 rubles;
• shovels (2 pcs.) - 1000 rubles.

Calculation of the cost of components:

• filler (expanded clay) - 1500 rubles / cubic meter m;
• slag - from 200 rubles. per t;
• sand - 300 rubles. per t;
• cement (grade M400) - 250 rubles / bag.