What breeds of pigs are bred in the Kaluga region. Large breeds of pigs, detailed description with photos. Among the pluses of Tamworth pigs
Pork is the main meat in industrial production. The animal, which can be kept in almost any climatic zone, has the best indicators of weight gain per unit of feed. Feels good not only in a modern industrial farm, but also in a home yard. The main thing is to choose the right breed for keeping and you can provide meat not only for yourself, but also organize a good business.
Almost half of the world's pork is grown in China. Europe accounts for a quarter of production, slightly more than 10% belongs to North America. The rest of the countries are far behind. But, it is impossible to imagine a region where this animal is not.
The history is rooted in antiquity. For several millennia BC, pigs were bred on the territory of the Dnieper and Dniester basin. The herds were walking around Egypt and ancient India. Before the formation of statehood along the entire Volga region, the culture of pig breeding was at a high level, it was the most popular meat.
After the devastation of the 90s, the pig population began to recover in Russia. According to statistics, in 2011 the country finally reached the level of the 50s of the last century and exceeded 17 million heads. But there is still much to grow, at the end of the 80s the country grew about 40 million.
All pig breeds are usually divided into three large groups:
- Meat.
- Greasy.
- Meat and greasy.
When dealing with pig breeding, it is worth knowing some terms:
- The main boar, the sire is over 18 months old.
- Boars tested, age between one and a half. As the name suggests, they are tested for farrowing quality.
- Test boars are used to identify females for hunting.
- Repair, aged from 4 months to a year.
- A repair pig, from 4 to 8 months, until the first hunt comes.
- Checked uterus from the 8th month until the first farrowing.
- The main uterus, from the first farrowing, within 2-3 years.
Young animals not selected for this category are transferred to the fattening herd and set off for meat.
For breeding pigs for meat, it is better to take 3-4 week old babies. But, if producers are required, then it is worth contacting the breeding farm. Where they keep a clean line of the corresponding breed and buy young animals after they have been tested for reproduction.
Popular breeds
Each country has its own characteristics, this affects the preferences for keeping certain breeds. If in Ukraine greasy breeds were in demand, then in Russia breeds of meat pigs are more popular.
Let's give brief description some popular breeds.
Large white
In the 20s of the last century, the government of the young republic decided to engage in industrial pig breeding. An English herd of 257 boars and 355 queens was purchased. Almost a century has passed since then. Today, large white or its hybrid accounts for 80% of all industrial pig production. In a private farm, these pigs also took root well.
The breed is highly productive. Litter rarely drops below 10 piglets, the weight of the nest reaches 50 kg already on the 21st day. Young growth, catastrophically quickly gaining weight. With quality content, it practically does not get sick.
Important! Almost all breeds of pigs are afraid of drafts. Arrange the pigsty in such a way as not to harm the health of the wards.
Pig has not a rough physique:
- the back is tucked up;
- the body is elongated;
- the head is small;
- the chest is powerful;
- the stomach is tucked up;
- the suit is light.
Many large breeds have the blood of these pigs.
Pigs Landrace
Landrace was obtained at the end of the 19th century by Danish pig farmers and holds the record for the fastest weight gain. Best Bacon Breed. The boar gains weight up to 360 kg, the female is 80 kg less. But, when growing, it requires a special approach. Very capricious to the diet. It can truly show its qualities only on an industrial farm, where all recommendations for its maintenance are followed.
Red Duroc
The ancestors of the Duroc pig breed were brought from West Africa to America. New York breeders have worked well on them. It turned out to be an excellent pasture pig, with very high rates of weight gain. Great for home keeping if summer walking is planned. Initially, it was classified as a greasy breed, but gradually its meat qualities approach pure bacon.
Susceptible to "atrophic rhinitis", which limits the areola of its distribution. The pig does well only in dry, warm climates.
Meat Pietrain
Pietrain is one of the descendants of a large white, has not as bright indicators as its ancestor:
- average boar weight 240-260 kg;
- short torso. Wide drooping ears;
- moderately broad chest;
- massive hams;
- the suit is white with black spots.
Gained popularity due to its resistance to cyclovirus. With good care, the herd practically does not get sick. Most importantly, the taste of this breed is simply delicious.
General characteristics of Optimus
The excellent meat Optimus was developed in England. Thanks to their excellent health, they feel good even in winter. Their boars are considered excellent inseminators. Piglets are born that are viable even with an early transition to artificial feeding. They differ in their description of character, like friendliness and complaisance. They are not whimsical in nutrition, they are resistant to diseases. The only thing these animals are afraid of is drafts.
Important! In order for the offspring to grow up healthy, during the first months, especially monitor the cleanliness of the piglets. Get vaccinated on time.
Hungarian mangalica
Almost perfect beef breed Hungarian Mangalitsa. Covered with thick, curly hair, the pig is adapted to the harshest living conditions. Released for a walk, she will find her stern anywhere. The only inconvenience is that the walking area will be plowed up. The pig will even eat the roots of the bush. Barbecue meat is highly valued. Real gourmets are ready to pay two prices for it, in relation to other breeds.
Hybrid pockets
Recently, our farmsteads have been conquered by an unusual pig, or rather a hybrid of Mangalians or Vietnamese and Korean herbivorous pigs. Vietnamese piglets brought curly hair and disease resistance, while Korean piglets brought a love of grass.
Important! Animals need free range. The area of \u200b\u200bthe aviary should be calculated on the basis of a norm of at least 5 m2 per pig.
The resulting hybrid Karmala has a number of remarkable qualities:
- the standard weight of a half-year-old pig is 150-200 kg;
- thick hair;
- white delicate skin;
- pronounced meat orientation;
- the ability to eat exclusively green feed;
- good health;
- not whimsical to temperatures;
- multiple pregnancy;
- calm disposition;
- accelerated growth.
Interesting! In the first month of life, the Karmaly piglet is able to gain 20 kg of weight.
Chinese pig
One of the most numerous in the world, but almost unknown in Russia, the Chinese pig Meishan has been pleasing pig farmers for more than 400 years. Refers to a pronounced greasy direction. With a squat height, no more than 70 cm, it weighs up to 200 kg.
The exterior features are:
- massive torso;
- saggy belly;
- legs are short;
- the head is small;
- the skin is rough, with large folds;
- large ears.
Besides China, the breed is widespread in England and North America. Found in some European countries.
There are a large number of breeds that are little known or almost never found in Russia. Recently, mini-pigs have become widespread, which are capable of living like dogs at home. An adult is barely gaining weight 70 kg.
A breed is a group of pigs (at least 5 thousand main sows), characterized by a common origin, similar features of the exterior, constitution and direction of productivity, which are inherited.
Let's consider the following pig breeds:
- Large white breed;
- Landrace;
- Ukrainian steppe white breed;
- Mirgorod breed;
- Breit breed;
- Siberian northern breed;
- Livenskaya breed;
- Kalikinskaya breed of pigs;
- North Caucasian breed;
- Berkshire breed;
- White short-eared breed;
- White long-eared breed;
- Mangalitskaya breed.
Large white pigs successfully combine large growth, high early maturity, good feed utilization, the ability to deposit large amounts of meat and fat, high fertility and good milkiness. They use pasture well, quickly acclimatize, pass on their qualities to the offspring well: fertility, milk production, early maturity, high feed costs. Slaughter weight is 83–87% of live weight.
Adult boars weigh 270–400 kg, uterus 220–300 kg. Well-fed pigs weigh 400 kg, and individual animals weigh 500-550 kg. Ewes give 11–12 piglets per farrow, and many give 16–18 or more. Piglets weigh 6–8 kg at one month of age, and 16–18 kg or more when weaned at 2 months of age.
Large white pigs are used for purebred breeding and improvement of local marginal pigs in most areas.
Landrace.
The Landrace breed is a classic bacon-type pig breed.
The pigs are large. Wild boars reach 2 meters in length, chest girth is more than 1.5 meters. In sows, the body length is less - up to 1.6 meters, and the chest girth - up to 1.5 meters.
About weight:
- the weight of piglets by two months reaches 17-21 kg;
- during the growth period, young growth is capable of gaining 700-750 grams per day;
- in 189 days, according to the results of control weighing, live weight can be 100 kg;
- the average weight of mature boars is 280–300 kg, live weight of sows is 200–220 kg.
The breed is very fertile - a sow can give birth to 10-12 piglets or more in one farrowing. A fermented pig has a well-developed maternal instinct and is distinguished by high milk production.
Ukrainian steppe white breed- withdrawn Acad. MF Ivanov by crossing local steppe pigs, well adapted to forage and climatic conditions, with boars of a large white breed and further rearing on the basis of good care, feeding and strictly purposeful selection and selection of pedigree young animals.
Pigs of the Ukrainian steppe white breed well tolerate strong summer heat, dry winds, windy winters and make excellent use of juicy feed. They differ from pigs of a large white breed in a rougher constitution, have a very strong and well-developed skeleton. In terms of live weight, fertility, milk production, early maturity, payment for feed and the ability to steadily transmit hereditary qualities, pigs of this breed are not inferior to the large white breed. They are of excellent quality meat and fat.
Mirgorod breed pigs of the greasy direction were bred by specialists from the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Pig Breeding, the Ukrainian Institute of Livestock Breeding and the Mirgorod State Breeding Nursery, as well as by zootechnicians and pigmen of the farms of the Poltava Region. by crossing local queens with boars of various highly productive breeds. The pigs of the Mirgorod breed are covered with long thick coarse bristles, large, with a strong, well-developed bone. Their color is mainly black and white (speckled). They have a strong constitution. They are adapted to local climatic and forage conditions, make good use of the pasture, and have the ability to deposit a large amount of fat. Adult boars reach a weight of 300–320 kg. Live weight of adult queens is 220–250 kg, fertility is 11–12 piglets, milk production is 60–70 kg. They are used for industrial crossing with pigs of large white, Ukrainian steppe white breeds in order to increase the early maturity of fattening young animals.
Breit breed pigs bred Breitovsky state breeding nursery in the USSR collective farms of the Yaroslavl region. as a result of crossing various groups of local pigs without the blood of factory breeds.
Pigs of this breed are distinguished by their strong constitution and adaptability to the climatic and forage conditions of the north. They make good use of pasture, coarse and succulent feed. The color is mainly white, but there are animals with a slight spotting.
Boars aged 30 months and older weigh 270–350 kg, body length 166 cm, girth behind the shoulder blades 160–165 cm. Average live weight of queens is 235 kg, fertility is 11–12 piglets, milk production is 80–90 kg.
Breitovskaya breed of pigs in terms of economically useful qualities does not differ from large white pigs.
Siberian northern breed pigs bred in the farms of the Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions. under the guidance of scientific workers of the Siberian Research Institute of Livestock Breeding when crossing the queen bees of the local Siberian breed, the best in development and productivity, with boars of a large white breed, which tolerated the conditions of Siberia well. In the future, the improvement of the breed was carried out by mating hybrids with each other.
Pigs of this breed have a strong constitution, harmonious constitution, dense overgrowth with bristles and undercoat; the suit is white. They are unpretentious to feed, eat coarse and juicy feed well. In terms of productivity, they are almost not inferior to pigs of a large white breed. Average live weight of adult queens is 270 kg, fertility is 12 piglets, milk production is 70 kg. By the age of 10 months, the weight of pigs reaches 160 kg, with a fat yield of 48%.
A boar was presented at the 1955 All-Union Agricultural Exhibition
Livenskaya breed - bred by the Livensky state breeding nursery of the Lipetsk region. and the Voronezh region. Pigs of large stature, with a strong bone, good growth, differ snub-nosed and lop-eared, the color is predominantly white, but there are black-and-white and black. Obtained by crossing local large long-eared pigs with boars of various breeds. They are adapted to local conditions, feed well on potato diets, are early maturing, pay high feed rates and produce good quality pork. Adult boars weigh 300–350 kg, body length 170–180 cm. Average live weight of adult queens is 220–250 kg, body length 150–160 cm, fertility of 11–12 piglets, milk production 70 kg.
Kalikin breed of pigs early ripening. Bred on the basis of crossing local long-eared pigs with boars of various breeds. It feeds well on diets containing a significant amount of potatoes, root crops, melons and greens. The weight of the fattening stock reaches 150 kg by the age of 10 months. Adult boars weigh 225–250 kg, body length 150–155 cm, chest girth 140–150 cm. Adult uterus weigh 150–200 kg, body length 140–150 cm, chest girth 140–150 cm, fertility of 8–10 piglets, milk production 50-60 kg. Pedigree work to improve this breed is carried out by the Dobrovsky state breeding nursery of the Lipetsk region.
North Caucasian breed - highly productive. It was bred as a result of many years of work on improving the breeding and productive qualities of local Kuban pigs and crossing them with boars of large white and Berkshire breeds. Pigs of this breed are distinguished by high maturity and fertility. Adult boars weigh 252–308 kg on average. Live weight of adult queens is 212-216 kg, fertility is 10-10.7 piglets. Fatteners reach 80–110 kg by the age of 7 months, and 140–150 kg by the age of 9–10 months. The crosses obtained from the crossing of large white breed queens with boars of the North Caucasian breed reach fat conditions 2-3 weeks earlier than large white pigs, the fat yield increases by 10%.
The North Caucasian breed was created under the methodological guidance of Professor of the Novocherkassk Zoovetinstitute, Doctor of Veterinary Sciences P.E. Ladan.
Berkshire breed bred in the south of England. The color of the skin and bristles is black, on the muzzle, the lower part of the fore and hind legs, there are white markings on the tip of the tail.
The pigs are very early maturing and can be used for any kind of feeding. At a young age of 6-7 months - with proper feeding and maintenance, they produce high quality bacon, and when fattened to fatty conditions - good quality bacon. The slaughter weight of the Berkshires is 86%. Fee payment is high. Less fertile than pigs of other breeds, but feeds the litter well. The live weight of adult breeding boars is 180–230 kg, of queens 150–210 kg; body length: boars 135–150 cm, queens 128–145 cm. In a well-fed state, pigs reach 270–300 kg of live weight. Boars of this breed are used for industrial interbreeding; crossbred young are well fed to fatty conditions.
As a result of centuries-old selection of pigs, at the moment in the world there are more than a hundred breeds of pigs, each of which was selected by livestock breeders for quite specific, useful and valuable traits for mankind. Conventionally, all these signs divide modern pig breeds into three production areas.
Meat pigs or Bacon pigs
Meat pigs
Greasy pigs
Breeds of pigs Meat or otherwise, pigs of the Bacon type are characterized by a very elongated body, shallow chest depth, and a lighter front part in comparison with massive hams. The measurements of the chest girth are smaller than the measurements of the body length. Breeds of Meat pigs (Bacon type pigs) are characterized by intensive development of muscle tissue and delayed fat deposition. Piglets of meat breeds, grow rapidly and by six to seven months gain up to 100 kg of live weight with proper feeding; after slaughter, up to 58-67% of meat and up to 21-32% of fat remain in carcasses, depending on the breed of pigs. Pigs of Meat breeds, have in common pronounced features - a rather long body and a light front part compared to massive hams. Bright representatives are breeds Duroc, Pietrain, Estonian bacon , Landrace, Hampshire, Tamworth.
Pig breeds Greasy type - Pigs of this type are distinguished by a special conformation, they are characterized by a very deep and wide body, a heavy front part and a full fleshy ham, ganaches are heavy, fleshy, the depth of the chest is significant. Measurements of chest girth are close to measurements of body length or exceeds it. Sebaceous-type breeds are distinguished by a high content of adipose tissue, because by six months the growth of muscle fibers in piglets stops and the process of fat accumulation accelerates. Such carcasses can contain up to 40-45% fat, and meat - less than 53% of the mass. As an example, such breeds as Large Black, Berkshire, Meishan, Hungarian Mangalitsa , Mirgorodskaya, Breitovskaya.
Pig breeds of Meat and General type occupy a middle position between the Meat and Greasy types. In pigs of Meat breeds, young animals give good quality meat pork, it also has a high average daily weight gain, and already adult pigs of Universal breeds give a fairly decent amount of fat at the output. After slaughter, the meat content in the carcasses is 53-60%, lard - 29-37%. The most widespread among the breeds of pigs of the Meat type of productivity, such breeds as - Large White (Yorkshire) , Ukrainian steppe white , Siberian North , Polish-Chinese, Livenskaya.
Fancy pig breeds
Meishan pigs were bred in China. Animals of this breed are distinguished by extraordinary fertility, sows bring two litters per year, 15 piglets per litter. These Chinese pigs are capable of eating large quantities of everything. Their outer distinguishing feature is wrinkled skin.
Pig breed Meishan, Greasy direction of productivity. Animals of this breed are resistant to many diseases. Large quantities of roughage are used for food.
Mini-Pig breeds were developed in Germany. It was here that the very first ancestors of these funny dwarf pigs appeared. The goals of breeding were purely practical - replacement of human organs and a culinary issue. But decades have passed, and these little pigs have chosen the apartments of many people, on all continents. Now the number of breeds is 30, and their weight is very diverse. Here we will talk about six of them, and the first three are: Mini - Mayyalino, Wiesenau, Bergstrasser. These breeds are truly real mini-pigs, as their body weight does not exceed 25 kilograms. The following three breeds are: Göttingen Mini-Pig, Vietnamese Vesting Pig. The Siberian Miniature Pig is also popular, but it is a larger breed. They are all distinguished by color, habits, body structure, but, nevertheless, there is one factor that unites them - playfulness, kindness and a humble disposition. In order for the future owner of a little pig to choose the right breed, he needs to understand their differences. In addition to size and weight, each breed has its own characteristics.
Pig breed Vietnamese pot belly (Vietnamese Potbellied Pigs)
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Features of pigs of the Vietnamese pot-bellied breed. The Vietnamese pot-bellied pig is characterized by high early maturity, the pigs reach sexual maturity at the age of 4 months, and the pigs at 6 months. They make good use of the pasture, have high immunity. The fattening ration can include up to 50% of roughage (due to the breed characteristics of the digestive system). Sows of the Vietnamese pot-bellied pig are distinguished by a balanced psyche (they do not create problems when caring for offspring), high milk production, well-developed maternal instinct and special cleanliness. The breed is well adapted ...
Green glowing piglets were born in Taiwan. Fluorescent animal cells should make the work of geneticists easier
Three green glowing male pigs were born at the end of last year thanks to the efforts of scientists from National University Taiwan. Reporting on the birth of unique animals, Professor Wu Shin-Zhi expressed the hope that their appearance will help in further research on stem cells.
Embryos injected with a fluorescent green protein (borrowed from jellyfish) were introduced to eight sows, but only four of them became pregnant, and only three pregnancies ended with a successful birth. Piglets have a greenish tint even in normal daylight, and in ultraviolet rays they look completely bright green.
Danish Protest Pigs, also Husum Protest Pigs, red-and-white Husum Protest Pigs (Dan. Husum protestsvin), (German Husumer Protestschwein), (English Danish Protest Pig) have a certain historical background in their name. So the Danes living in the region of North Frisia (Germany) expressed their protest to the authorities in a sign that they forbade them to fly the flag of Denmark - a symbol of their real homeland.
At the beginning of the 20th century, such pigs began to be actively bred. At the same time, the new name Danish Protest Pigs was established among the people, and in 1954 it was officially legalized. The pig of this breed is quite impressive in size, as evidenced by its height - 92 cm and weight - about 350 kg.
Meat breeds of pigs
Duroc pig breed ( Duroc jersey Pigs )
Duroc pigs are the most common among American breeds. Also known as Duroc Jersey. It is characterized by a large mass, fattening ability and fertility, very hardy.
Duroc pigs have a completely red color, which they inherited from red guinea pigs, which, according to H. R. Davidson, were brought to America from Africa. Pigs have a high growth rate (up to 960 g per day), a strong constitution, a long body, an arc-like back, and an average size of the ear. Cats reach live weight up to 400 kg and more, uterus - up to 340 kg. Fertility - 8-9 piglets with good vitality. Duroc pigs are used for crossing with other breeds in order to obtain local livestock for commercial farms.
Pig breed Landrace ( Landrace pig s)
Pigs Landrace. For the first time Landrace was brought from Sweden in 1948. These pigs were bred in Denmark by crossing local pigs with large white pigs and a long selection and selection of these crosses for early maturity, good feed payment, meat qualities.
Landrace pigs are of the bacon type, they use nitrogenous substances in their diets better, less fat is deposited in the carcass than in large white pigs. The animals are large, long, with large drooping ears, the head is light, the chest is narrow, the hams are well filled, the skin is thin, the bristles are white and thin. The color is white. Temperament is calm.
Live weight of wild boars - 280-300 kg, sows - 200-220 kg, fertility of 10-12 piglets. Sows are milk-producing and have good maternal qualities.
Pigs of the Berkshire breed were bred in England at the end of the 18th century as a result of crossing local large pigs with Portuguese, Chinese, Neapolitan breeds. Berkshire pigs are black pigs, well built, adapted to grazing. This breed is used for fattening, piglets weigh 85-100 kg at 6-7 months. Sows bring 6-7 piglets.
Pig breed Lithuanian white (Lithuanian White Pigs)
Pig breed th Estonian bacon(Estonian Bacon Pigs)
Estonian bacon - this breed was obtained by crossing with large white boars, German and Finnish breeds of local pigs (European long-eared), as well as Danish Landrace boars.
Estonian bacon pigs are distinguished by a long body, thin bones, long fleshy neck. A straight and long back, well-executed hams, pink skin, large drooping ears are characteristic of this breed. The weight of adult boars is up to 320 kg, queens are up to 250 kg, multiple births are 11-12 piglets, milk production is up to 80 kg. The Estonian bacon differs from the Landrace breed in its strong constitution and greater adaptation to local conditions.
The Hampshire pig breed is of the bacon type. This breed is one of the oldest breeds in England and the USA. Good performance is characteristic of gamshers. Animals have a long body and an arched back. The head is lightweight with erect short ears. The snout is straight.
Legs are strong with straight hooves. The color of the pigs is black with a pronounced large white belt around the body at the level of the forelimbs.
The sows have well developed maternal qualities, but the prolificacy is low. In one farrowing, a pig produces six to eight piglets. With intensive fattening, the average daily gain is 850 - 950 g. The live weight of adult pigs on average ranges from 220 to 250 kg, the live weight of adult boars reaches 312 kg.
By their nature, Hampshire is easily excitable and restless. They do not tolerate stress, but they are well tempered.
Breed Poltava factory type of meat pigs (PM-1)
Poltava factory type of meat pigs (PM-1). The type was created by the collective of the Poltava Scientific and Experimental Institute of Pig Breeding under the leadership of Professor FK Pochernyaev. The team developed and applied a method of combining genotypes of 5 breeds of different performance areas: Great White, Landrace, Mirgorod, Pietrain and Wessex-Saddleback.
Animals of the Poltava meat type are white with a relatively long, wide and deep body, well-developed hams, straight and wide back, light head with small erect ears, strong legs, strong hooves, elastic skin.
Pigs of the Poltava factory type of meat pigs on control fattening reach a live weight of 100 kg in 200 days with an average daily gain of 701 g and a cost of 3.74 feed per 1 kg of gain. units Selection and breeding work of this type of pigs is aimed at increasing the livestock and further consolidation of hereditary and productive qualities.
Pig breed Tamworth - Bacon productivity direction. Tamworth, one of the oldest pig breeds in the world. Was bred in England. Pigs of the Tamworth breed have good endurance, well tolerate harsh climatic conditions. Basically, pigs of this breed are bred in the north, because of their good adaptability to cold and winds.By nature, Tamworth pigs are very sociable and get along well with other animals, even with cattle, so they can be kept together. Moreover, they are omnivorous. They are unpretentious to feed and can use various feeds, including cattle feed. They are bred in countries such as England, Australia, Canada, USA, New Zealand. In Russia, this breed of pigs is not widespread.
Pigs of the Tamworth breed have a strong constitution and well-developed bones. The muscles are well developed. The body is narrow, elongated. Boars' body length is 100-140cm. The head is long. The ears are wide and pointed, erect. The neck is long and wide. The legs are short and strong. The breed belongs to the variegated suit. The body is evenly covered with fine, shiny bristles. Between June and August, Tamworth pigs molt. Skin colors range from bright red to deep red. There are also white colors with black spots on the back.
Pig breed Urzhumskaya (Urzhum Pigs)
Urzhumskaya breed of pigs belong to the breeds of the bacon direction of productivity. Pigs of the Urzhum breed were obtained in the Kirov region as a result of crossing boars of a large white breed with local late-maturing pigs. Pigs adapt perfectly to the harsh conditions of the northern regions and are used to obtain large quantities of meat, which is mainly used for bacon production.
Animals have a strong constitution and massive bones. They have a stretched mid-torso and a lighter front. The head has an elongated snout. The sacrum and back are long. The limbs are very strong with hard hooves.
Strongly developed bristles are white. The body length of a pig reaches 160 - 170 cm, in boars - 165 - 175 cm. Fertility of sows is high. In one farrowing, the female brings ten to thirteen piglets. The uterus feeds the piglets well and looks after them. Milk content ranges from 65 to 75 kg. Average daily weight gain - 680 - 720 g with feed consumption 4.0 - 4.5 c.u.
Meat pigs
Pig breed Large white (Large White Pigs)
Large white breed of pigs of English origin. In the CIS, the breed began to be imported in the last years of the XIX century. landlord breeders. These large white breed of pigs were bred on the local farms and were practically not used to improve the livestock of pigs among the peasants. It is now the main and most common pig breed.
The large white breed of pigs is predominantly of the meat-greasy type, but there are meat and greasy types of productivity. The breed has its own genealogical structure: about 100 lines and a large number of families. Adult sows weigh 220-280 kg, wild boars - 320-380, and individual sows - up to 500 kg. The large white breed of pigs are characterized by high fertility and multiplicity. Adult sows give 10-12 healthy piglets weighing 1.0-1.3 kg per farrowing, 14-16 piglets are often born. Breed record - 32 pigs. Milk production of sows is 45-50 kg and more. Pigs of the Large White breed are early maturing, weighing 100 kg at the age of 183-1995 days with gains over 700 g and feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain 3.6-4.6 feed. units Slaughter yield of fattened adult pigs is 80-82%, young animals - 70-75%. The large white breed is used to improve other pig breeds and create new types.
Pig breed Ukrainian large white (Ukrainian big White pig)
Ukrainian large white (UKB-1). The intrabreed type of pigs in the large white breed was created in the leading breeding farms "Stepnoye", "Chutovoe" Poltava, "Bolshaya Burimka" Cherkassk, "Bobrovitsky" Chernigov and "Ukraine" Vinnitsa regions, as well as in 10 subsidiary farms. Until 1972, complex breeding was used in breeding farms, and after 1973 - an intensive exchange of breeding material, especially sticks. Type approved in 1984
Ukrainian large white (UKB-1) pig of large size, live weight of wild boars 325 kg, sows - 248 kg. The multiplicity of sows is about 10.1-12.4 piglets, milk production is 48.1-70.5 kg.
Piglets at 2 months of age reach a weight of 17.5-20 kg. With control fattening, the pigs have an average daily gain of 700 g, at the age of 175-190 days they reach a weight of 100 kg. For 1 kg of growth, pigs of this type spend 3.9-4 feed. units
Pedigree farms sell 22-25 thousand heads of pedigree young animals of this type, including 16-17 thousand pigs. In total, farms of different categories keep more than 150 thousand sows of this type, from which they annually receive 1.5-2 million heads of hybrid and hybrid young animals.
Pig breed Ukrainian steppe white(Ukrainian White Steppe Pigs)
The Ukrainian steppe white pig breed is the first domestic breed, which was bred by Acad. MF Ivanov on the farm of the Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Animal Husbandry of the Steppe Regions "Askania-nova" by reproductive crossing. MF Ivanov used this breed as the basis for creating a breed of local steppe sows, well adapted to the conditions of the arid zone of southern Ukraine. Sows were mated with large white hogs. The offspring of the first generation were mated again with large white hogs. The offspring of the second generation, which met the set requirements, was bred "in itself". When breeding the breed, inbreeding was used. Animals that did not meet the requirements were culled.
Pigs of the Ukrainian steppe white breed of white color, very similar to pigs of the large white breed, but their head is narrower and longer, the ears are large, slightly overhanging the eyes; the skeleton is stronger, the bristles are thicker and coarser. They are well adapted to the feeding conditions and climatic conditions of the southern Steppe. Due to the structure of the body, the breed belongs to the meat-greasy type. The body is long, deep and wide. Live weight of wild boars 300-350, sows 230-260 kg, multiple (10-11.5 piglets), milk production 48-55 kg.
Pig breed Ukrainian steppe speckled ( Ukrainian Spotted Steppe Pigs)
The Ukrainian steppe speckled breed of pigs was created at the Institute of Animal Husbandry of the Steppe Regions. MF Ivanov "Askania-new" under the leadership of Acad. L.K. Grebnya. The basis for its creation was speckled pigs, which belonged to the lines of Stepnyak and Druzhka of the Ukrainian steppe white breed. To consolidate the desired results, introductory crossing from the Berkshire and Mangalitsky breeds was used.
Pigs with meat-lard production direction, small. The live weight of the whips is about 280-300, and the sows are 200-250 kg. Fertility of sows is 9-10 piglets. The color is speckled, black, black-red and red pigs are often found. Due to the dark color, they tolerate heat well, longer than white pigs, they can stay in the pasture in summer. At an early age, speckled pigs are also suitable for fattening meat and for bacon. Bred in Kherson, Zaporozhye and Nikolaev regions.
Pig breed North Caucasian (North Caucasian Pigs)
North Caucasian - obtained by crossing the Kuban local pig with representatives of large white, Berkshire and white short-eared breeds.
Pigs of the North Caucasian breed are distinguished by a wide head, deep and wide chest, have a wide back and loin, well-made hams, strong legs with a hard hoof, thinner bones, but denser and stronger than those of similar pigs. In winter, a soft undercoat appears, the bristles are thick, uniform, the color is black and white. Boars of the North Caucasian breed weigh on average up to 350 kg, uterus up to 230 kg. They reach 100 kg of live weight in 178 days, the uterus is distinguished by good multiple fertility of 10-11 piglets, milk production is up to 80 kg.
Pig breed Modern North Caucasian
The modern North Caucasian breed of pigs is characterized by early maturity, endurance, and has good fattening qualities. The color is black and speckled, black and partially white. Fertility of sows 10-11 piglets. The milk production of queens reaches 55 kg. Pigs have a strong constitution. Live weight of wild boars - 300-350 kg, sows - 220-250 kg. Gilts reach a live weight of 100 kg at the age of 6-7 months. For 1 kg of growth, 4.1-4.3 feed is spent. units When industrially crossed with other breeds, knurs give a high effect to heterosis.
The Kemerovo breed of pigs was bred in Siberia as a result of crossing late-maturing pigs with boars of the Berkshire, large white and large black breeds and belong to the meat-greasy direction of productivity. Pigs of the Kemerovo breed are well adapted to harsh climatic conditions.
Animals have a large physique. In boars, the body length is 165 - 170 cm, in pigs - 160 - 165 cm.The girth of the breast in queens is 140 - 150 cm, in boars - 155 - 160 cm.
The head with a curved profile is of medium size. Erect ears are small. The chest is wide and deep. The hams are well defined. The color of pigs is black with small white spots on the body, mainly on the limbs, tail and forehead. The skin is covered with black thick bristles.
The pigs are fertile, in one farrowing the sow produces ten to eleven piglets. Milk content is 60 - 65 kg. The average daily gain reaches 730 - 780 g. For one kilogram of weight gain, the average feed consumption is 3.8 - 4.5 units. A piglet reaches 100 kg at the age of 175 - 180 days. Pigs of the Kemerovo breed are bred in the Far East, Siberia and Kazakhstan.
Pig breed Kuban
Kuban pigs. They are characterized by good fertility, milk production, maternal qualities and adaptability to local conditions, small live weight, mature.
Livenskaya pig breed(Livny Pigs)
Livenskaya breed of pigs refers to the combined direction of productivity. Livensky pigs were bred in the Oryol region as a result of crossing local long-eared pigs with boars of Berkshire, large white and Polish - Chinese breeds. Animals of this breed can be kept on pastures, and include a large amount of chaff, potatoes and voluminous feed in the diet.
In Liven pigs, the body is of medium length and is 170 - 175 cm in boars, 160 - 165 cm in sows. The constitution is strong, the skeleton is massive. The broad and short head has a slightly curved profile. Ears are thick, large and drooping. The neck is of medium length. The back is broad and straight. The chest is deep and wide. The limbs are strong. The skin is rather loose, often folded and evenly overgrown with bristles. The color of pigs ranges from white to black and white. Sometimes there are red-colored animals.
The live weight of adult boars reaches 300 - 310 kg, queens - 230 - 240 kg. A sow brings ten to eleven piglets in one farrowing. Milk content is 60 - 80 kg. Young animals have good fattening qualities, the average daily weight gain is 750 - 800 g at a feed consumption of 3.8 - 3.9 units.
The Murom breed of pigs was bred in the Vladimir region as a result of crossing boars of large white and Lithuanian white breeds with pigs of local breeds. Murom breed of pigs They belong to the combined direction of productivity.
Animals have a strong constitution. The body is deep and wide. The head is light, with a slight bend in the profile. Moderately long ears - drooping forward. The chest is deep and wide. The back is broad and straight. The limbs are strong and short. The color of the breed is white. Thick white bristles evenly cover the entire body.
The live weight of adult boars is on average 250 - 280 kg, of females - 200 - 220 kg. The multiple births of a sow is ten to eleven piglets. Milk content - 55 kg. Fattening juveniles by the age of six - seven months reach a live weight of 90 - 100 kg at a feed consumption per 1 kg of weight gain of 3.9 - 4.0 units. The amount of meat in the carcass is 57%.
Pig breed to her Breitovskaya
Breitovskaya - was created by crossing local pigs of the Yaroslavl region with specimens of the Danish breed, medium and large white, Latvian and Polissya.
Pigs of the Breit breed are large animals - they have a medium-sized wide head with a curved profile, muscular, wide and deep chest, straight legs correctly set, muscular back and loin, dense skin with thick bristles. Usually Breytovskaya breed of pigs is white, but there are exceptions with pigmented skin coloration. Pigs of the Breit breed differ from others by their high reproductive ability - the uterus can give two farrowings a year. A distinctive feature of the Breit breed pigs is their high reproductive ability: the queens, as a rule, give two farrowings a year. The weight of adults - boars up to 320 kg, queens - up to 240 kg, milk production up to 70 kg, multiple births 11-14.
The Siberian northern breed was obtained by crossing local sows with large white boars. As an independent breed was approved in 1942, the animals have a strong constitution with strong bones. Combined physique. The chest is wide. The back is broad and straight; the limbs are shortened. The sides are deep. The sacrum is of medium length. Thick skin is somewhat rough. The long and thick bristles are white. The undercoat covers the entire body.
The live weight of adult boars on average reaches 315 - 360 kg, sows - 240 - 260 kg. The body length for boars is 178 - 184 cm, for queens - 160 - 165 cm. The chest circumference for boars is 166 - 172 cm, for sows - 150 - 155 cm.
Fertility of queens - ten - eleven piglets. Under good keeping conditions and beef feeding, young animals at the age of six to seven months reach a weight of 95 kg. The increase in live weight per day is 690 - 740 g with a feed consumption per 1 kg of gain of 3.8 - 4.0 units.
Greasy pig breeds
Pig breed Mirgorodskaya (Mirgorod Pigs)
The Mirgorodskaya breed of pigs was bred by a complex reproductive crossing of local short-eared black-speckled pigs that were bred in the Poltava region, with Berkshires, medium white, large white pigs. In addition, Big Black Pigs and Temworths were used for crossing.
Mirgorod breeds of meat-lard-type pigs are rather long, wide, have a deep chest, strong legs; the head is of medium size, not coarse, with wide, fleshy ganashams, with small, forward-facing ears; the profile is concave, the snout is of moderate length; the body is wide, deep; hams are long, wide, full; the skin is elastic, not rough; bristles are long, thick, shiny. The color is black-speckled, less often black or reddish-black. Live weight of sticks 230-250, sows - 200-220 kg, fertility - 10-11 piglets, milk production - 48-50 kg. Gilts reach a live weight of 100 kg at the age of 180-185 days. The lethal yield is 80-85%. Increments reach 680-700 g, feed consumption per 1 kg - 4.1-4.2 feed. units
The breed is widely used for crossing with other breeds. Work on improving the breed of pigs was carried out with the Mirgorod breed and three breed groups - the Podolsk pockmarked, Krolevets and Dnieper. They are bred in Poltava, Cherkassk and other regions.
Pig breed Large black (Large Black Pigs)
Large Black is a breed bred in England. It is suitable for crossing with pigs of other breeds, while all the characteristics that characterize this type of animal are improved.
The large black breed has a number of disadvantages - they are distinguished by folds of the skin and drooping of the rear, as well as changes in the constitution. But the results of crossing large black breed individuals increase the multiple births of crossbred sows, weaning weight of piglets and fattening time.
It should be remembered that each breed has several types of animals and through correct selection you can change the breed in the right direction.
Curious Pig Breeds from Around the World
I have wanted Oxford Sandy and Black pigs for many years and finally (in the year of the pig) my husband gave in well he had to really it was either pigs or elephants!
The Oxford Sandy & Black is noted for its many qualities, particularly its excellent temperament and mothering abilities. The Oxford Sandy & Black Pig will function well under most management systems, and produces meat of very high quality and flavor (the markings do not go through to the meat). When crossed with white breeds pure Oxford Sandy & Black pigs produce highly commercial white hybrids. There can be no more visually attractive breed, with its excellent nature and ease of management making it a great favorite with the first time smallholder wishing to own thier first pig. Whoever has kept the Oxford Sandy & Black Pig will never be disappointed.
Guinea pig breed i
The Guinea Pig (Guinea Hog) is a rare American breed of domestic pig, distinguished by its strong build, erect ears and completely black color. Despite their name, these pigs have absolutely nothing to do with Guinea, although they say that their ancestors were brought to the United States from West Africa.
In comparison with other modern breeds, the guinea pig is almost a baby: the weight of an adult does not exceed 90 kg. Pigs of this breed can be classified as herbivores - they are quietly raised on grazing, but on an industrial scale, guinea pigs are not raised due to their small size and large body fat. There are two types of guinea pigs bred in North America, another type lives in South America.
Mini pig breed The Ossabaw Island Hogs is one of the American pig breeds. It originated from the population of feral animals introduced to this island by the Spaniards in the 16th century. The uniqueness of this breed of pigs lies in the fact that it did not appear due to hybridization, like most of the currently existing mini pig breeds, but due to isolation and natural selection.
Pigs of this breed are notable for their small size: their height does not exceed 50 cm, and the maximum weight of an adult boar barely reaches 90 kg. They have a long snout, erect ears and thick boar-like bristles. As for the color scheme, the Ossabo Island pigs can be pure black or any other color (most often brown), but always in black spots. The piglets of the Ossabo Island pigs are devoid of striping and do not at all look like wild boars.
Bristle-eared pigs are perhaps the most variegated pigs. They live in West and Central Africa, their range stretches from Senegal to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They are found both in forests and in savannas and marshlands, avoiding only overly arid landscapes. Since they inhabit bushy thickets and forest groves, in southern Africa they are often called bush pigs, although this is a separate subspecies.
This pig has a strong, harmonious and, like a pig, proportional body, without folds of fat and hanging belly; a long, humped-nosed profile with a thin snout and a small snout, short but slender lean legs, a fierce look and very sharp, albeit short, white fangs. Male Bush pigs have bony tubercles between the eyes and nose; in old individuals, they look like two small horns directed backward. The tail is very mobile, with a dense black and white tassel at the end. In length they reach 100-150 cm, in height at the withers - 55-80 cm, weigh on average 80 kg. The movements are light and fast, runs very agile and swiftly, faster than most dogs, but quickly gets tired.
Julian pigs are small pigs native to Europe. The breed came about through careful selective work. The second name for Julian pigs is miniature colored pigs. A distinctive feature of this breed is small spots. Julian pigs, unlike the Vietnamese pot-bellied counterparts, do not have a sagging back and a large belly, and the snout should be elongated. However, the main advantage of these pigs is temperament - during the selection, much attention was paid not only to the exterior of the pigs, but also to the character. For the most part, Julian mini pigs are cheerful, docile and not aggressive. The Julian pig breed is quite old, but its modern representatives differ significantly from those that lived in the last century. This gives skeptics reason to doubt, however, the Julian Pig is one of the few mini pig breeds with clear standards.
Kun-kun with Pir-Feasts. Kun-kun or kune-kune - this is the name of the breed of small pigs from New Zealand, which translated from Maori means "bun, plump, plump". What is Peer-Feast? These are tassels or earrings, about 4 cm long, hanging from the lower jaw - a distinctive feature of the breed. How and when the Coon-Kun pigs came from Polynesia to Europe is not exactly known to Britain. Their number either increased or decreased: in 1970 the Coon-Coons almost disappeared, but since 1978 the breed has begun to revive again and now there are several thousand of these animals. They have gained popularity among both farmers and pet lovers.
Adult pigs do not exceed 80 cm in height and 90 cm in length. If you add very rounded shapes on short legs to such almost square dimensions, then you can understand why this breed was called kun-kun.
As a result of 40 years of work on interspecific hybridization of domestic and wild pigs, for the first time in our country, Minisibs (miniature Siberian pigs) were obtained. Work continues on their optimization for medicobiotechnological use. At present, Minisibs breed in the nursery under immuno- and cytogenetic control, which are not inferior in performance to the best American minipigs of the Hanford and Minnesota breeds, that is, they are 3-5 times smaller than those of commercial Landrace. A unique population of especially small pigs is maintained - Microsibs. Animals are used in joint development with N.I. E.N. Meshalkin, Kemerovo Cardiac Surgery Center, Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Novosibirsk Medical University, State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector". A small group of mini-pigs is transferred as insurance fund and for control in the laboratory of environmental education of the ICG.
Polish-Chinese breed of greasy pigs. Bred by complex reproductive crossing. According to P.N.Kuleshov, the breed was formed from the cross between the Russian long-eared pig and the English. long-eared pig with Chinese; these crosses were subsequently improved by the Berkshire and Large Irish breeds.
Live weight of adult boars of the Polish-Chinese breed, on average - 300-320 kg, dams 210-270 kg. Pigs of the Polish-Chinese breed have a great early maturity and the ability to fatten: at 6 - 7 months of age, fatteners reach a live weight of 110 - 115 kg; Wed slaughter weight for meat-and-feed fattening 84.7% and even reaches 86%; feed payment is high. The disadvantages of the breed include low fertility: 7 - 9 piglets per farrow; individual queens produce 10 or more piglets.
Breeds of Pigs
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American landrace |
| Landrace are white in color. Their ears droop and slant forward with its top edges nearly parallel to the bridge of a straight nose. Landrace, which are noted for their ability to farrow and raise large litters, are the fifth most recorded breed of swine in the United States. |
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American yorkshire |
| Yorkshires are white in color and have erect ears. They are the most recorded breed of swine in the United States and in Canada. They are found in almost every state, with the highest populations being in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Nebraska and Ohio. The modern Yorkshire is very muscular, with a high proportion of lean meat and low backfat, in addition to being very sound and durable. |
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| The Angeln Saddleback pig is also known as the Angler Sattelschwein. The Angeln Saddleback pig is a rare breed of domestic pig which is grown mainly in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is a large, lop-eared, black pig with a white band around its body which continues down to its forefeet. |
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| The true origin of the feral pigs of Arapawa Island in the Marlborough Sounds is not known although they have given rise to much speculation. It has been suggested that they are descendants of animals released in the Marlborough Sounds area by James Cook in 1773 and 1777. A more likely explanation, however, is that they were introduced by whalers during the first half of the nineteenth century. |
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| Ba Xuyen is a composite of the Berkshire, imported from 1932-1958, and the Bo Xu that is itself a composite of the Craonnais, imported around 1920 by French planters, and Chinese pigs imported around 1900 by Chinese traders. |
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| This breed is found throughout China. They are a meat breed, usually black but occasionally with white markings. |
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Belgian landrace |
| The breed "s development began in the late 1920" s, with the native Landrace type, which was described as "a short, fat and poorly muscled pig." "In the early 1930" s, the German Landrace was introduced and crossed with the native stock. The German stock that was introduced was said to have had an infusion of British Large White. Following World War II, Dutch Landrace were imported and used. |
| Bentheim black pied | |
| The Bentheim Black Pied pig is also known as the Buntes Bentheimer Schwein. It is a rare breed of domestic pig in Germany. |
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| CROMWELL'S troops when quartered in Reading, made reference to a locally bred pig renowned for its size and the quality of its bacon and ham. This turned out to be one of the earliest records of the Berkshire breed. |
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| The Black Salvonian are a meat breed with semi-lop ear which originated, by Count Pfeifer, from Berkshire and Poland China crossed with Black Mangalitsa. |
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British landrace |
| The first Landrace pigs were imported into Britain from Sweden in 1949 (4 boars and 8 gilts) with other imports to follow from 1953 onwards, these came into Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. |
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| The British Lop is a west country breed which originated around the Tavistock area either side of the Cornwall / Devon borders. |
| This meat breed is found throughout Bulgaria. It was developed from Bulgarian Native graded up by Large White and Edelschwein. |
| The Chester White breed originated in Chester County, Pennsylvania and thereby derived its breed name. At first it was called the Chester County White, but later the "county" was dropped. |
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Czech Improved White |
| This breed is found throughout the Czech Republic. It was developed from Large White, Edelschwein and German Landrace crossed with local swine. |
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| The Danish Landrace pig is a medium to large breed of pig, whitish in color with long bodies, fine hair, long snouts and drooping ears. The Danish Landrace pigs are bred for pork production. Production and quality testing have become a regular part of the Danish swine improvement program. |
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| Found in the region surrounding Lukovit in northern Bulgaria, the Dermantsi Pied is a lard breed of swine. |
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Duroc |
| In 1812, early "Red Hogs" were bred in New York and New Jersey. They were large in size. Large litters and the ability to grow quickly were characteristics Durocs possessed from the beginning. The foundation that formed today "s" Duroc "was comprised of Red Durocs from New York and Jersey Reds from New Jersey. |
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| The Fengjing breed was introduced into the United States under a cooperative effort of the USDA, the University of Illinois, and Iowa State University. Meishan and Minzhu were also introduced with this program at the same time. A total of 144 pigs of these breeds were brought to the U.S. with this program. Iowa State University received 8 Fengjing males for research on July 27, 1989. |
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| The Landrace strains of swine were first introduced into France around 1930. It was not until after World War II that extensive importations of registered stock were made. Those imported came largely from Sweden. At that time Denmark was quite restrictive of exports. Selection in France was being heavily directed for swine that suited the production environment and the market requirements of France. |
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| The breed was started about the year 1900 in northwest Germany and especially in Lower Saxony. The existing swine supplied the original seed stock and improvement was made by farmer breeders through careful selection. |
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Gloucestershire old spot |
| Although if old paintings are to be trusted, there have been spotted pigs around for two or three centuries, the Gloucestershire Old Spots has only had pedigree status since the early 20th century. |
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| Guinea hogs, or Guinea Forest hogs, most likely originated on the Guinea coast of Africa and were spread widely though the slave trade from Africa to England, France, Spain, and America. |
| The Hampshire Breed has been developed in the United States of America and is now one of the World’s most important breeds. |
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| The first hogs known as Herefords originated on the farm of R.U. Webber of La Plata, Missouri. Mr. Webber was said to have made his first crosses in about 1902, and these ultimately involved several breeds. |
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Hezuo |
| The Hezuo pig is from the Plateau region and are located in the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province, China. |
| The Iberian is found in southern Spain. It includes the Extremadura Red, Jabugo Spotted, Black Iberian and others. |
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| The Jinhua pig of Zhejiang Province in China, is characterized by its hair color and meat quality. The animals have a white body, with black at the head and rump. This leads to the common name of "two-end-black". The back and loins are slightly curved. The breed is especially noted for its thin skin, fine bones and tender meat. After special processing, "Jinhua ham" is favored for its attractive flavor and rosy color and it has a high reputation in the international market. |
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Kele |
| The Kele is located in Southwest China in the Yunnan-Guizhou mountainous areas, where the altitude is between 1700 to 2400 m, the climate is dry and cold during the winter and humid in summer, and characterized by erractic changes in weather. The main crops are potatoes and buckwheat; this area is relatively poor in feed supply, and the pigs are out on the plateau pasture with cattle and sheep. |
| The Krskopolje or Blackbelted pig is the only Slovene autonomous pig breed. |
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| The delightful Kunekune developed into its present form in New Zealand, although the breed is almost certainly of Asian origin *. During most of the period these pigs have been in New Zealand they were kept almost solely by Maori communities, and were to a large extent unknown by Europeans. (It is quite certain, however, that they were not in this country prior to the arrival of Europeans and they were probably introduced very early in the European period by whalers or traders.) |
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| The Lacombe breed is the fifth ranking breed of swine in Canada; 1,743 were registered in 1981, of which 648 were boars and 1,095 were females. |
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| With its lop ears and long, deep body, the Large Black is Britain "s only all-black pig. Extremely docile, and very hardy, it is ideally suited to simple outdoor systems. These characteristics, coupled with its black skin, make the Large Black ideal for a wide range of climatic conditions. In fact, by 1935, pigs of this breed had been exported to well over 30 countries. |
| First recognized in 1868 the Large White owes its origins to the old Yorkshire breed. The Large White was one of the original founder breeds of the National Pig Breeders "Association (now known as the British Pig Association) and the first herdbook was published in 1884. Large Whites are distinguished by their erect ears and slightly dished faces. They are long-bodied with excellent hams and fine white hair and, as their name suggests, they are characterized by large size. |
| Lithuanian Native | |
| The formation of the Lithuanian Native breed took place in the ethnic lands of Lithuania and was mostly influenced by the interaction of local short eared and long eared pigs and some cultural breeds. Native pigs are diverse in color: white, black, tan, but mostly multicolored. The breeding of colored pigs has been most prolonged in the southeastern districts of Lithuania, where buckwheat was grown. Buckwheat chaff highly increased sensitivity of white pigs to sunlight, and only colored pigs could be fed on buckwheat chaff and pastured. Most of the native pigs still have a characteristic feature - the beads hanging under the neck. |
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| The pig shown is a Mangalitza or Woolly Pig found in Austria, Germany, Hungary, Romania and Switzerland. |
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| The Meishan breed was introduced into the United States under a cooperative effort of the USDA, the University of Illinois, and Iowa State University. This effort also imported Fengjing and Minzhu pigs from China. A total of 144 pigs from these breeds were shipped to the United States. Iowa State University received 22 Meishan females and 10 Meishan boars from this shipment on July 27, 1989. |
| The Middle White was first recognized as a breed in 1852 in most unusual circumstances. At the Keighley Agricultural Show in West Yorkshire, Joseph Tuley, a weaver by trade, exhibited several of his famous Large White sows along with other pigs. |
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| The Minzhu breed was introduced into the United Sates through a joint effort of the USDA, the University of Illinois, and Iowa State University. This effort was also successful in introducing Meishan and Fengjing pigs from China. This effort introduced a total of 144 pigs from these breeds into the United States. Iowa State University received 7 Minzhu males from this shipment on July 27, 1989. |
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| Mong Cai is one of the major local breeds in northern part of Vietnam, particularly in provinces of North Mountain, the Red River delta and the northern part of Central Coastline. It has small to medium body size. |
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| The Mora Romagnola is an indigenous pig breed of the Ravenna province (Emilia Romagna, Italy); and it is unknown if it was ever exported to other parts of Europe. There are now only 18 animals surviving in one herd near Faenza (Ravenna), while in 1949 there had been more than 22.000. |
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Moura |
| Also Known By: Estrela, Estrelense, Mouro and Pereira |
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| Mukota pigs are believed to have been introduced by the European and Chinese traders between 16 and 1700 AD. There are basically two classes of Mukota pigs. |
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| The most distinctive feature of the American Mulefoot hog is the solid hoof which resembles that of a mule. Pigs with solid hooves (also called syndactylism) have attracted the interest of many writers over the centuries, including Aristotle and Darwin. Yet of all the mulefooted hogs described, the American Mulefoot is the only documented population with a breed standard and a long history of agricultural use. This breed is unique to the United States and is critically rare. Recent events, however, have led to more optimism regarding its survival. |
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| The Ningxiang pig is raised primarily for lard. The breed is of the Central China type and originated in the Hunan Province of China in the Central Subtropic belt. The breed is normally housed and hand-fed year round. |
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Norwegian landrace |
| Norwegian Landrace is the leading breed of swine in Norway. Since swine are not as numerous in Norway as in most countries that have a registered strain, the number registered each year is limited. Norwegian Landrace, as well as most of the swine in Norway, are raised in the southern part of the country. Most are found in the area of \u200b\u200bHamar. They are white in color and have a heavy drooped ear. |
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| The hogs of Ossabaw Island, off the coast of Georgia, are descendants of Spanish pigs brought to the New World over 400 years ago. They were small range pigs with prick ears, heavy coats and long snouts. Over time, some of the Spanish pigs escaped and became feral in southeastern forests. While most feral pigs eventually mixed with domestic pigs, the Ossabaw Island animals are an exception, having remained a distinct and isolated population. Thus they reflect their Spanish heritage more closely. |
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Oxford sandy and black |
| The Oxford Sandy & Black Pig sometimes referred to as the “Plum Pudding or Oxford Forest Pig” is one of the oldest British pig breeds, it has existed for 200-300 years. A traditional farmers and cottagers pig, of the middle part of the country, especially around Oxfordshire. It seems to be closely linked to the old Berkshire and Tamworth. |
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Philippine native |
| The Philippine Native pig is either black or black with a white belly. Varieties include Ilocos and Jalajala. The Berkjala, Diani, Kaman, Koronadel and Libtong breeds were all developed from this breed. It is now thought to be extinct. |
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| Pietrain, Belgium, the village from which the breed takes its name, was the birthplace of the breed. The exact origin is unknown but the local breed was "brought to the fore" during the difficult period of the pork market in 1950-51. The breed became popular in its native country and was exported to other countries, especially Germany. |
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| It should be kept in mind that the founders of the Poland China of swine were no more conscious that they were forming a breed of livestock than any other practical producer of livestock who made great efforts to bring in improved seed stock to accomplish needed improvement. It is very difficult to evaluate the exact contribution that any particular breed or type may have made to the breed that was formed from the crossing and recrossing of many different kinds of breeding. It is difficult to imagine a breed of livestock owing a foundation debt to more different breeds than does the Poland. |
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| The hogs came from New Caledonia, which is a French Island in the South Pacific by Australia. They were to New Orleans in the late 1700 "s by the French. |
| The British Saddleback is the result of the amalgamation of two similar breeds, the Essex and Wessex Saddleback. |
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Spots |
| The National Spotted Swine Record Inc., was formerly the National Spotted Poland China Record. At the 1960 Annual Meeting, the breed "s Board of Directors and members voted to change the name of the association from the National Spotted Poland China Record to the National Spotted Swine Record, Inc. Further, it was voted to refer to the breed as Spotted Swine, or SPOTS, rather than the longer previously used name for the breed. |
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Swabian-Hall Swine |
| Originated in the region around Schwäbisch Hall (in Baden-Württemberg), southern Germany. In 1820/21 King Wilhelm I from Württemberg imported Chinesische Maskenschweine / Meishan to improve the existing landrace. |
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Swedish landrace |
| The Swedish Landrace is the leading breed of swine in Sweden, a country not known for large numbers of swine. The heavy drooping ears found on the Landrace strains in other countries are also typical of the Swedish breed, as is the white color and high proportion of lean meat. The Swedish strain of Landrace originated from importations from neighboring countries, particularly Denmark. |
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| Today "s Tamworth is thought to be the most typical breed descended from the old indigenous species, the Old English Forest pig. It has maintained this status because at the end of the 18th Century, when many native breeds were" improved "by crossing them with Chinese and Neapolitan stock, the Tamworth was not deemed fashionable and hence left alone. It is now therefore the oldest pure English breed and, as a result, it is also sometimes crossed with wild boar to produce distinctive gamey pork. |
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| The Tibetan on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is especially adapted to the high, cold climate and to being on pasture all year round. It is characterized by: |
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Vietnamese Potbelly |
| Vietnamese Potbelly pigs are a dwarf swine breed which were developed in the 1960 "s from the Í breed of Vietnam. They were originally brought into Sweden and Canada and have since moved into a number of countries. |
| Welsh | |
| The earliest references to a Welsh pig come from the 1870's when there was a considerable trade in Welsh and Shropshire pigs into Cheshire for fattening on milk by-products. “The Welsh pigs are generally a yellow-white, but some are spotted black and white. The (Cheshire) dairymen depend more on these Welshmen and proud Salopians than on breeding. The cross of the Manchester boar with the Shropshire and Welsh produces a larger and coarser breed than the small Yorkshire. ” |
| The Wuzhishan breed is very quickly being forced out of existence. They are a local breed raised only in the province of Hainan, China. This area is a geographically isolated tropical mountainous region. Very few people in this region raise this breed for production purposes because of the fast introduction of exotic species. Special attention is needed in order to preserve this rare species. There are fewer than 30 Wuzhishan pigs remaining, with only 3 boars, and all are in ex situ conservation. |
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A pig is an animal from the mammals class, artiodactyl order, non-ruminant suborder, pig family (Suidae). Most likely, the pig got its name for its exceptional fertility. According to authoritative scientists, the basis of the Latin name goes back to the ancient word sunus - "son", acquiring the meaning of "birth", "fruiting".
Pig - description, characteristics and photos
The strong, slightly elongated body of a pig can reach a length of more than one and a half meters. The pig's skin is covered with sparse, rough, bristly hair. The elongated muzzle of a pig with a movable nose-proboscis ends in a cartilaginous disc “patch” that allows the animal to dig food out of the ground. The pig has 44 teeth, 4 of them have well-developed canines. The upper canines are curved.
The weight of a pig, depending on the species, ranges from 45 to 400 kg. The legs are short, four-toed, with well-developed lateral toes. The tail is curled in a corkscrew. Pig ears are big, but eyes are small. From their wild ancestor, the wild boar, the pigs inherited weak eyesight, but a very keen sense of smell and excellent hearing.
The impressive size and short legs do not prevent the pig from being a fairly agile animal. The running pig's speed reaches 17 km / h. If necessary, these seemingly clumsy animals swim well.
Contrary to popular belief, most often pigs are not pink, but gray. Less common are individuals of white, brown, spotted and absolutely black colors.
Under decent conditions of keeping in captivity, the life of a pig is 10-15 years. Among large breeds, there are long-lived individuals: a healthy animal with quality care can live up to 35 years.
In the wild, a pig lives on average 7-8 years. Females are more vulnerable due to the large number of offspring and the need to constantly be near the offspring. Warlike boars often live to be 12-15 years old.
Types of pigs. Where do pigs live?
There are more than 20 species of wild pigs in the world, from which breeders have bred over 100 breeds. And pigs live everywhere except Antarctica.
From the point of view of scientists, the following are considered the most interesting and studied species:
- babirussa ( Babyrousa babynissa)
a rare pig, listed in the Red Book. Single pigs with an atypical appearance for the family: long, thin legs, an arched back and an almost naked body, only sometimes covered with sparse nap. A specific difference is the powerful growths on the muzzle in the form of numerous fangs. They live in Indonesia, on the island of Sulawesi, forming 4 subspecies;
- big forest pig ( Hylochoerus meinertzhageni)
the largest species with a body reaching 2 meters in length. Individuals are characterized by long dark hair and large, pronounced warts covering the snout. Habitat - tropical forests of equatorial Africa;
- african warthog ( Phacochoerus africanus)
A distinctive feature is the huge skin growths on the face. The neck is covered with a mane, the tail ends with a tassel. The warthog population consists of 7 subspecies inhabiting the African savannah;
- boar (Sus scrofa) , boar, wild pig
a widespread species with over 25 subspecies. The ancestor of the domestic pig, but with rather long legs and developed fangs. They live in the forests of mainland Europe, the Mediterranean, North and Central America, in the mountains of Central Asia, in the Far East;
- bearded pig ( Sus barbatus)
slightly smaller than a wild boar, but with rather long legs. The snout is covered with light, long hair. A feature of the species is the forked tassel at the tip of the tail. There are 6 subspecies inhabiting Southeast Asia;
- dwarf pig ( Sus salvanius, Porcula salvania Hodgson)
small, endangered species, protected by Greenpeace. The height of an adult is no more than 35 cm, on the muzzle there are distinctive shreds of white wool. They live in Nepal, at the foot and on the slopes of the Himalayan massif;
- brush-eared pig ( Potamochoerus porcus)
the most variegatedly colored look. Black muzzle with white circles around the eyes, a reddish brown body and a white stripe along the spine. This type of pig is distinguished by long sideburns and characteristic black and white ear hair.
How to feed the pigs? Pig diet
A pig is an omnivore, it eats absolutely everything. In the wild, the main food is what can be dug in the ground: plant roots, worms, insect larvae, as well as tree bark, young shoots of plants, grass. Acorns, nuts and mushrooms are considered a special delicacy. Food of animal origin, in addition to worms and larvae, can be fish, shellfish, birds, rodents, and carrion.
At home, pigs need high quality food:
- a combination of beneficial herbs such as alfalfa
- vegetables (sugar beet, pumpkin,);
- cereals and cereals (peas, barley, millet);
- dairy products and meat waste;
- feed concentrates;
- nutritional supplements containing vitamins and minerals.
As you already know, in the world pig breeding is now actively bred a little over 100 pig breeds... In the CIS countries, 32 breeds of domestic and foreign selection of pigs are widespread, this is due to the great climatic diversity, feeding conditions and some other conditions. In pig breeding, everything pig breeds conventionally divided into three groups by productivity. The largest first group includes pigsuniversal (meat-greasy) direction of productivity. The second group includes breeds of meat and bacon areas of productivity. In the third group there are breeds that are very similar to the first group, but their fertility is lower. When choosing one or another pig breeds, first of all, you should consider their adaptability to your area. High results in fattening can only be obtained from animals that are fully adapted to your feeding conditions and climatic zone.
PIG BREEDS OF THE FIRST GROUP.
Pig breeds of the first group Are representatives large white breedand descendants derived from it (Siberian northern, Ukrainian steppe white, Lithuanian white ...).
Large white breed- the most famous in Russia. As a result of long domestic selection, the English type of large white pigs has been radically changed and improved. During the selection period, a new domestic breed was actually created, which in many respects surpasses the English Large White. The animals are white, beautifully built, and in good health. The body is wide, long, deep, with a wide back without "interceptions" behind the shoulder blades. The hams are well done. The limbs are relatively small, without folds of skin, with strong hooves and short elastic pasterns. The skin is firm, elastic, without folds. The bristles are not rough, smooth, densely covering the entire body. The weight of adult boars is 340-360 kg, sows - 230-260 kg. The length of the boars is 175-185 cm, of the sows 161-165 cm. The multiple fertility of the queens is from 10 to 12 piglets with an average weight of 1.1-1.3 kg each, the live weight of farrowing at 21 days is about 48-50 kg. By 2 months, each pig weighs approximately 16-18 kg. With intensive fattening, young stock at the age of 7 months has a weight of 100 kg at a cost of 4-4.5 feed. units per 1 kg of gain. You can read more about it by clicking on this link.
Murom breedbred in the Vladimir region by crossing local animals with Lithuanian white and large white. Pigs are white in color, strong constitution. A distinctive feature of Murom pigs is their adaptability to consuming a large amount of voluminous feed with a small amount of concentrates and skim milk in the diets. The weight of the boars is 250-280 kg, of the queens 200-220 kg. Pig fertility is 10 piglets per farrow. When fattening, young growth weighs 90-100 kg by 6-7 months, at a cost of 3.9-4.0 feed. units per 1 kg of growth. Carcass meat 57%. Animals of this breed are raised on the farms of the Vladimir region.
Siberian northern breed of pigsobtained by crossing local short-eared pigs with large white. Representatives of Siberian northern pigs are distinguished by their strong structure, great endurance and adaptability to harsh conditions. Animals of white color, with well-developed chest, wide and straight back and well-defined hams. The bristles are long and dense. Adult boars weigh 310-370 kg, sows 230-250 kg. The multiplicity of sows is 11 and more. The average daily gain of young stock when fattening is about 760 g per day, at a cost of 4.0-4.2 feed. units per 1 kg gain, meat yield in carcasses — 53—54%. The Siberian northern breed is grown in the Novosibirsk region, the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Buryat Republic.
Semirechenskayabred in Kazakhstan by breeding animals of Kemerovo and large white breeds with wild pigs. The animals are well adapted to local conditions, hardy, and have a strong constitution. In the climate of Northern Kazakhstan, this breed even surpasses, in productivity, the large white and Kemerovo breeds. Live weight of boars 250-285 kg, sows - 210-250 kg, multiple births - 10-11 piglets. Average daily gain is about 700 g, costs 4.0-4.1 feed. units per 1 kg gain, lethal yield — 58-60%. The breed is grown in Taldy-Kurgan and Alma-Ata regions of Kazakhstan.
Kemerovo breed of pigsbred in the Kemerovo region on the basis of crossing local Siberian pigs with large white, Berkshire and large black boars. Animals are black in color with small white spots on the body and white markings on the limbs, tail and head. The constitution is strong, the body is elongated, the chest is deep and wide, the hams are well executed. Live weight of adult boars — 295—350 kg, sows — 210—245 kg, multiples of sows — 10—11 piglets. The average daily growth of young stock is 720-740 g at a cost of 3.9-4.0 feed. units per 1 kg of growth. Age reaching 100 kg — 190—200 days. It is widespread in the Kemerovo and Omsk regions, the Krasnoyarsk Territory and partly in Kazakhstan.
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| Pietrain pig breed |
Pietrain pigs have a wide body, meaty and large hams, not prone to obesity, and developed muscle joints. Pietrain boars weigh approximately 230-270 kg, and sows 210-240 kg.
These pigs are not very fertile - 7-8 heads per survey. Youngsters by 7-8 months gain weight 100-120 kg. In this case, the feed consumption will amount to 5.4-6 feed units per 1 kg of gain.
Pigs of this breed are used when crossing in countries such as the Netherlands, England and France, to improve the meatiness of other breeds.
The color of pigs is mostly white with gray or black spots. The trademark of Pietrain pigs is short erect ears. These pigs, in Germany, are bred mainly in the north.
Pietrain pigs are demanding on the quality of their food and are quickly aroused in stressful situations compared to other breeds.
obtained in the Yaroslavl region as a result of crossing local pigs with Danish Landrace, medium white, large white and Polissya. Animals of white color, good constitution. The head is medium, the ears are large, drooping. The chest is deep and broad. The loin and back are large. Well defined hams. The live weight of adult wild boars is about 260-310 kg, body length is 161-173 cm, sows are 220-245 kg and 130-160 cm, respectively. Multiple fertility is 10-11 piglets. Fattening young animals give an average daily gain of 630-700 g, at a cost of 4.0-4.2 units of feed per 1 kg of gain. units. Slaughter yield - 53-55%. Carcass meat reaches 56-59%. B reith breedbred in the Leningrad, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Smolensk, Pskov, Kostroma and Murmansk regions.
The brazier has a genetic level based on the rate of building up muscle tissue, not fat.
eat both animal and vegetable feed, a variety of food waste, products of their processing and technical residues. In winter, their fodder ration consists of corn stalks, hay, root crops, acorns, chestnuts, distillery waste in the form of corn and wheat mash, bones, bran, low-grade by-products. You just need to teach the young to eat everything. In the summer, hay and chaff are replaced with herbs, carrion from fruit trees, duckweed. These pigs are very fond of fresh tree shoots, especially oak bark and roots. They do not need special conditions of detention. You can breed them both in winter and in summer for a walk. In autumn, pigs are overgrown with thick long hair in color from black with a grayish tint to light brown. If raised in a pigsty, they will look like regular pigs and have regular bristles.
The weight of an adult animal exceeds 300 kg. If you plan to feed for meat, then piglets need to be castrated at 1-1.5 months of age, and then in six months they quickly gain weight. Sexual maturity occurs at 5-7 months. Pregnancy lasts about 116-120 days. There are usually 12-16 heads per litter. From 4-6 days youngsters can be fed with liquid talker, barley grain, as well as bone meal, chalk, red clay. Drinkers should always have water. At 3 weeks, the pigs themselves are gnawing apples, beets, eating grass, hay.
Brazier pigsyou can not vaccinate, they have a very strong immunity. Mangalov is grown in many regions of Ukraine, but their livestock is very limited.
PIG BREEDS OF THE SECOND GROUP.
The second group of pig breeds includes Landrace and its breed lines. These pigs are also white, but they are distinguished by a long body, long ears, well-developed hams and loins.
Pig breed Landrace appeared in Denmark as a result of the selection of a local Danish breed with a large white. Animals of white color, have a long, relatively narrow body, with large drooping ears, wide pronounced hams. The average daily gain of young stock during fattening is 700-750 g at a cost of 4.0-4.1 feed units. per 1 kg of growth .. The meat yield in carcasses is 57-59%. The queens bring 10-11 piglets into farrowing. Animals are quite picky about the conditions of keeping and the diet. But still, breed landrace widely used throughout Russia. You can read more about it by clicking on the links.
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| Estonian pig breed |
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| New breed Duroc |
It was registered in 1883. The color of Duroc pigs is not completely red, there are often shades - from golden to dark cherry or yellow-brown. The pig is large in build, with a coarse bone and stiff bristles, with a small head and wide drooping ears, late maturing.
Duroc has a deep and wide sternum, a slightly arched back. The body is compact, of medium length, deep and wide. The ham is full. The limbs are strong. You can read about in more detail by clicking on the link.
Main advantage duroc pig breeds - fantastically fast growth rate. According to the research results, Durokov has the largest gain per day for fattening - a little more than 1 kg, while the indicator for other breeds is a maximum of 962 g. Adult boars reach a weight of 340-380 kg; uterus 250-310 kg. Sows are infertile - 9-10 piglets per farrow. Slaughter yield over 86%. The total weight of piglets at three weeks of age is only 141 kg (14-16 kg each). Therefore, purebred breeding of Durok did not receive mass distribution. They are used to obtain breed hybrids. You can read more about it by clicking on the link.
Donskaya meat - 1, or DM-1
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it pig breed rather young - it was bred in the 60s and 70s on the farms of the Rostov region by the method of reproductive crossing. Donskaya meat - factory meat type of the North Caucasian breed of pigs. Pigs are well adapted to breeding in the climatic conditions of the North Caucasus. Animals are characterized by black-and-white color. The sizes are average. The head is lightweight, with a straight profile. The legs are set correctly. Regular hams. The weight of an adult boar is 310 - 320 kg with a body length of 170-172 cm, a sow weighs 220-230 kg with a body length of 150-154 cm. For one farrowing, a sow brings on average 10-11 piglets. Up to two months of age, a piglet reaches a live weight of 17-18 kg or more. By all indicators, the Don meat - 1 exceeds the North Caucasian. Animals of this breed have less, by about 15%, fat thickness and 10-15% more weight of the hind leg. The meat content in the carcass of the Don meat pig is higher than that of the North Caucasian pig, by 8-10%.
Early ripening meat - 1, or CM-1.
Pig breed - the steppe type early ripening meat - was created by combining useful hereditary traits of a number of meat-type breeds: Belarusian, Poltava androstov. One of the youngestpig breeds- it was approved in the early 90s of the XX century.
The live weight of an adult boar is 300-320 kg with a body length of 180-182 cm, the live weight of a sow is 230-240 kg with a body length of 165-168 cm. A sow can bring 11-12 piglets in one farrowing. By the age of two months, the young animal gains a mass of 18–20 kg.
Let us dwell in more detail on the productive qualities of early maturing meat - 1 breed, since these data are not found in all books on pig breeding. So, the early maturity of these pigs is 180 days, the average daily gain in live weight of fattening young animals is on average 0.79-0.8 kg; feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain - 3.8 feed units; fat thickness - 25-30 mm; the weight of the rear third of the half carcass is just over 11 kg.
Early ripening meat pig -1 has 19 production lines, as well as 3 production lines of Siberian selection.Differ four factory types of early maturing meat - 1: Krasnodar type, steppe type, Lipetsk and Leningrad types.
PIG BREEDS OF THE THIRD GROUP.
Animals of the third group are mainly black or variegated black. They are distinguished by their early maturity and quick salting.
Ukrainian steppe speckledcreated in the Kherson region by crossing Ukrainian steppe white, Berkshire and Mangalitsky pigs. Animals of variegated color of different shades (black, black and red, black and white) with a strong constitution, deep and wide chest, rather long body, well-developed hams. The live weight of wild boars is 280-300 kg, of pigs, 200-220 kg, and a multiple of 10 or more piglets. The average daily gain for fattening is 650-680 g at a cost of 4.0-4.2 feed. units per 1 kg of gain. These animals are bred in the Kherson, Nikolaev, Odessa, Crimean and Zaporozhye regions of Ukraine.
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| Mirgorod breed |
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