Hygiene of the circulatory system presentation. Presentation on the topic "hygiene of the cardiovascular system". The greatest heart friend is potassium

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Gallery of hearts

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"The movement of blood through the vessels" - The Mosso experience. Hypertension is an increase in blood pressure. After physical exertion! Hypotension is a drop in blood pressure. Pressure depends little on gender, but it changes with age. Why can't an agitated person fall asleep?

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Heart structure - Find the leaflet valves in the pictures. Left atrium. Fish heart structure. Semi-moon valves. Find the aorta - the largest artery and pulmonary artery. Determine what the size of the heart is. Name the chambers of the heart. Pulmonary veins. Determine the right and left sides of the heart. Repeat the features of the structure of the heart muscle (§ 4, uch.

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"Lesson of the Circulatory System" - Study of the human circulatory system. Reduced physical activity is the cause of heart disease. A heart. Lesson objectives. Vienna. Biology lesson in grade 8. Author: teacher of the Horoshenskaya school of the Krasnoyarsk region Leontyeva M.S. Excessive mental stress does not affect the cardiovascular system.

There are 7 presentations in total

Sections: Biology

Class: 8

Lesson objectives:

• Educational: to expand student knowledge about the harmful effects of nicotine and alcohol on the cardiovascular system; the role of training the heart and blood vessels for maintaining health and preventing cardiovascular diseases;
• Developing: Teach students to recognize types of bleeding and provide first aid for vascular damage; think logically (abstract, analyze, compare, highlight the main thing, generalize and draw conclusions), formalize the results of mental operations in oral and written form; listen and make short notes in a notebook;
• Educational: foster a positive attitude and commitment to healthy way life; a sense of responsibility not only for one's own health, but also for the health of others.

Equipment: bints, tourniquets, twisting sticks. Presentation of a lesson on the topic “Blood and Circulation”, PC, projector.

Lesson type: assimilation of new knowledge on the basis of consolidation of the studied material, repetition and systematization of knowledge, skills of students.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

Guys, good morning! I have a great mood today! (shows a picture of a smiling emoticon) What is your mood? You have cards with emoticons on your table. Show your mood. We are in a great mood, but we will have to talk about serious, significant things for our health.

2. Checking homework.

Vocabulary work:

(Students verbally define biological terms) Appendix 1. Slide 1.

1. Blood circulation - continuous movement of blood through a closed vascular system.

2. Veins are the vessels through which blood flows to the heart.

3. Arteries are the vessels through which blood flows from the heart to the organs and tissues of the body.

4. The heart is a four-chambered muscular organ that works throughout a person's life.

5. Pulse - jerky vibrations of the walls of arterial vessels.

7. Hypertension is a persistent increase in blood pressure.

8. Hypotension - low blood pressure.

9. Necrosis is a malnutrition of a tissue site and its necrosis.

10. Stroke is a cerebral hemorrhage.

11. Heart attack - hemorrhage in the muscle of the heart, leading to the necrosis of its area.

Guys, we have studied blood circulation, the structure of the heart, how our heart works. What have we not yet talked about, what has not yet been studied? (Student Answer Options) Quite right. And the topic of today's lesson

“Hygiene of the cardiovascular system. First aid for bleeding ”.

Appendix 1 ... Slide 2.

Goal setting: what would you like to learn in the lesson?

(Student Answer Options) Appendix 1 ... Slide 3.

Learn the rules of hygiene of the cardiovascular system in order to maintain your health;

To develop skills in first aid for bleeding in order to help a person in time.

3. Learning new material.

Our heart, with an average human life expectancy of 70 years, contracts over 2.5 billion times. During this time, a huge amount of blood is pumped, for the transportation of which a train of 4,000,000 railway tanks would be required. With such active work, the vulnerability of the cardiovascular system is understandable.

Why does such a perfect mechanism start to malfunction? What is the cause of circulatory diseases? Why are cardiovascular diseases in the first place in the world among other diseases?

(Student answers, writing in notebooks) Appendix 1 ... Slide 4.

Causes leading to diseases of the cardiovascular system:

Bad habits

Hypodynamia

Environmental factors.

We will listen to a series of messages prepared by students.

Student 1.The effect of alcohol on the cardiovascular system. Appendix 1 ... Slide 5, 6.

Alcohol is especially harmful to the cardiovascular system. It poisons the heart muscle by damaging membranes and other cell structures. As a result, the contractions of the heart muscle weaken, heart failure and shortness of breath develop. At the same time, alcohol also changes the walls of blood vessels, primarily the vessels of the heart itself. The heart muscle begins to receive an insufficient amount of oxygen and nutrients, is gradually reborn and replaced by connective tissue. As a result of disruption of the heart, the supply of blood to the body deteriorates, which leads to painful changes in its functions.

Alcohol enters the bloodstream within a few minutes after taking it and circulates in it for 5-7 hours. It excites the nervous system and inhibits the metabolism in muscle fibers. As a result, the pulse reaches 100 beats per minute, the strength and speed of heart contractions decrease, and the load on it increases. This is because alcohol increases the release of adrenaline into the bloodstream.

Student 2. The effect of tobacco on the cardiovascular system. Appendix 1 ... Slide 7.

No less harm to the cardiovascular system is caused by tobacco. In smokers, after each smoked cigarette, vasoconstriction is observed, lasting 30 minutes. Therefore, in a systematically smoking person, the vessels are almost continuously in a narrowed state, which increases the work of the heart to push blood. Working with great stress, the heart wears out and ages faster.

The vasoconstriction is the cause of the disease in smokers - "intermittent claudication", which is accompanied by severe pain while walking. The patient is forced to stop every 10-15 minutes and wait for the pain to subside. Due to a lack of oxygen, tissue necrosis (gangrene) can gradually develop. The case can end with the amputation of the foot, and sometimes even the entire leg.

Student 3.The harmful effects of hypodynamia. Appendix 1 ... Slide 8.

Physical inactivity - limitation of physical mobility. What is the reason for this? In production, human labor is often reduced to monitoring the operation of machines. In everyday life, electricity, gas, water supply relieve him of heavy household chores.

A car, a bus, a trolleybus, a tram, and finally, an elevator saves a person from long walks. The end result is a lack of movement. It even affects schoolchildren. A modern student sits a lot at a desk, a desk, a computer, a TV ...

The result is a weakening of muscles, an increase in the amount of adipose tissue, and a decrease in endurance. The regulation of blood vessels is disturbed to such an extent that even a simple transition of a person from a horizontal position to a vertical one causes such a strong outflow of blood from the brain that a person can lose consciousness. Should an untrained person walk 150-200 m very quickly or run a little, his heart rate rises, shortness of breath appears. These phenomena occur due to the fact that the blood supply to the heart does not increase 4-5 times as required by the body. As a result, the muscle of the heart and muscle of the body do not receive enough oxygen, or, as they say, work under conditions of oxygen starvation. The body accumulates harmful metabolic products, which leads to faster wear and tear of the heart muscle.

Student 4. Environmental factors. Appendix 1 ... Slide 9.

1.Polluted atmospheric air with industrial emissions and exhaust gases of cars, containing carbon monoxide, negatively affects the process of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues of a person, because hemoglobin forms a strong bond with carbon monoxide.

2. As a result of radiation exposure, cells of the red bone marrow are emptied, their structure changes. They seem to lose their frame, melt, the nuclei shrink, shrink, cells die, and dead voids form in their place. And the red bone marrow - a kind of factory of blood cells - erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets is destroyed.

Let's draw conclusions for ourselves:

To prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases it is necessary ...?

Appendix 1 ... Slide 10.

Student responses:

1. Give up bad habits.

2. Regular exercise and sports. Correct alternation of load and rest.

3. Residents of industrial centers are more likely to visit parks, nature in the forest, by the sea.

4. Avoidance of stress, overwork and other negative situations.

5. Rational and balanced nutrition.

(Writing in notebooks)

Practical part “First aid for bleeding”.

About 5 liters of blood circulate through the blood vessels of a person. With a decrease in the amount of blood, blood pressure drops, the supply of oxygen to the brain, heart and other organs is disrupted. The loss of about 2-2.5 liters of blood during bleeding is fatal to humans.

Objective:learn how to practically provide first aid for bleeding.

Equipment: dressings, tourniquet, a piece of cloth, pencil, notepad, iodine, cotton wool, scissors.

Working process

The class is divided into groups. Each group receives a task. Using the text of the textbook pp. 126-128, familiarize yourself with first aid techniques for bleeding.

1 group. Nose bleed.

1. The victim should be seated, slightly tilting the body forward, breathe through the mouth and slightly tilt his head forward.

2. Tamponing of the nasal passage with a tight gauze or cotton swab moistened with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution or just cold water.

3. An ice pack or a piece of cloth soaked in cold water can be placed on the nose area. Keep in this position for 10-20 minutes.

Group 2. Capillary bleeding.

1. Rinse the wound with hydrogen peroxide.

2. Treat the edges of the wound with iodine or brilliant green alcohol.

3. Cut a square piece of the bandage and fold it in four. Apply ointment to a folded bandage and apply to the wound, put cotton on top and make a bandage.

Group 3. Arterial bleeding.

1. Apply a tourniquet or twist above the wounded area until no pulsation is felt.

2. Treat the wound with an antiseptic.

3. Apply a bandage.

4. Attach a note indicating the time the tourniquet was applied.

IMPORTANT! It is impossible to apply a twist or tourniquet on a naked body, as it can damage the skin. The tourniquet is applied for 1.5-2 hours in the warm season and for 1 hour in the cold.

4 group. Venous bleeding.

1. It is impossible to treat the entire wound, it is necessary to lubricate only its edges.

2. Apply antiseptic ointment on a sterile napkin and apply to the wound.

3. Apply a layer of cotton wool and bandage tightly.

With arterial and venous bleeding, after first aid, the victim must be taken to a hospital or clinic.

After execution practical work make a conclusion according to the plan: the type of bleeding, its signs, the method of first aid. Fill in the table. Appendix 1 ... Slide 11.

Conclusion:

(The teacher selectively checks the entries in the students' notebooks)

Reflection. Appendix 1 ... Slide 12.

1. What did we talk about today?

2. Are we satisfied with the result?

3. Where will the acquired knowledge and skills be useful to us?

Guys, show what your mood is after studying this topic. (Students show emoji cards)

Home assignment:

• Paragraphs 24, 25 repeat, prepare for the test on the topics: “Blood. Circulation".