Functions of a social worker in penitentiary institutions. Functions and directions of social work with convicts in penitentiary institutions The functions of a social worker in the penitentiary institutions of the Russian Federation

Based on the status laws of social work, principles are formed, that is, basic ideas (provisions), rules and requirements for them, the practical implementation of which is the essence of activity and predetermines its effectiveness. Being a comprehensive universal type of activity, including legal, sociological, psychological, pedagogical and organizational and management aspects, penitentiary social work relies on the classification of the principles proposed by L.G. Huslyakova, V.I. Kurbatov, E.I. Hole and adapted in the practice of WIS: philosophical principlesRelated to all sciences about society, man, their relationships, as well as processes: determinism, reflection, development, unity of consciousness and activities, historicism, the relationship of the individual and its social environment. These principles allow to penetrate the essence of social phenomena in the IE, as well as determine the content of the work on the creation of normal conditions for their functioning.

Socio-political principles: unity of state policy with national and regional peculiarities, experience and traditions of social work with various categories of the population, including convicts; democracy of its content and methods; Accounting for specific situations, conditions and circumstances of the vital activity of the personality of the convict, their features in determining the content and technology of work; The legality and justice of the specialist.

Psychological and pedagogical, acmeological principlescontributing to the accounting of personal characteristics of convicts, socio-psychological mechanisms of education, training, formation and development of the individual in cooperation with the environment, as well as the definition of effective technologies of psychological and pedagogical care and impact: a personal activity approach; Individual and differentiated approach; Educational orientation of social work in the IIS; a combination of assistance, support, protecting convicts with its positive development and neutralization of deformations, criminogenic determinants; priority in the work of the development of positive qualities and properties; The complexity of diagnosis, external influences and the conscious personal activity of convicts in the resolution of difficult life situations and self-development.

Group organizational principlespenitentiary social work, the implementation of which affects its effectiveness includes: handling processes and social assistance procedures, support, protection; systematics, sequence and continuity of work; Structural integrity of US social services; Unity of Rights and Responsibilities, Powers and Responsibility of Social Work Subjects; Professional and personal preparedness of specialists in social work with convicts; Coordination of Action, Cooperation and Cooperation of WIS personnel, convicted, other interested parties and organizations.

The principles listed above are closely related to actually principles of social work with convicted:

Humanity- The basis of social work in the IU should be attentive careful attitude, the priority of respect for personal dignity, the protection of human rights and interests, regardless of its dominant negative individual characteristics, a perfect crime, behavior;

Availability and versatility- All convicts regardless of political and ideological, religious, national, racial, polo-age, social and other features should have equal rights and real possibilities for obtaining legitimate social assistance, support, protection;

Address- provision of individual social assistance to all those in need of convicts, especially the most vulnerable categories (disabled, elderly, pensioners, patients who did not have a certain place of residence, kind of classes, etc.), their social support during the execution of punishment, as well as promoting post-penitentiary resocialization and rehabilitation ;

Voluntary- social assistance cannot be provided against the will of the convict, with the exception of cases related to the threat of life and the safety of the convicts themselves and other circumstances;

Privacy- non-disclosure of information about the personality and social problems of convicts, which can cause them various harm to infringe on their rights and dignity, worsen the situation;

Educational-prophylactic- through social work the creation of conditions for the correction of convicts, preventing the emergence of new complex situations, eliminating the reasons for their generating;

Stimulating the development of the convict- The work should be aimed at finding and supporting the positive resource of the convicted person to independently resolve its problems, as well as personal self-education. The participation of the convicted person in social work should be considered as one of the estimated indicators of its correction, and the ability to independently uncriminal resolving difficult life situations is as one of the preparedness criteria for a full-fledged life;

Tolerance- tolerant professional attitude, assisting all categories of needing convicts, regardless of personal sympathy-antipathy, assessment of the circumstances and the nature of the crime, gravity and its consequences, the degree of guilty and moral and legal, psychological and pedagogical degradation of a person. Professional tolerance in penitentiary social work requires an understanding of the patterns of the diversity of convicts, their life situations, as well as combinations of a tolerant and active-active, "assigning" relations to this diversity, its accounting in professional activities of a specialist;

Maximization of social and personal resources- To resolve the problems of the convicted person, the creation of conditions for its normal social well-being and positive personal development should be used by all the fixed assets provided by law, not the laws and technology, all possible healthy forces (state bodies, non-governmental, voluntary, charitable, human rights, are attracted , religious and other organizations and institutions, individuals).

In the process of scientifically practical knowledge of the phenomenon of penitentiary social work on the basis of various approaches to its organizational and substantial and psychological and pedagogical components, other provisions that complement and clarify the system of the above principles are supplied. Based on them, the system of requirements for the content, methodology and organization of social work is determined. The most significant, priority, incredit professional ideal ideas about due in this activity make up it values.Unconditional adoption and leadership of them in social work predetermine its high performance, vocational personality self-realization. The basic professional values \u200b\u200bof the penitentiary social work can be classified: human self-relief; Universality, degeneity, integralness and integrity of human rights: respect for the interests and freedoms of the individual, including the mutual response of people and society: social responsibility and desire for justice; The most complete satisfaction of the personal and social needs of a person; The right of each member of society to complete self-realization in vitality.

Thus, goals, patterns, principles and values \u200b\u200bcontain general professional and special specific features. The latter reflect the features of the penitentiary social work as an independent activity to assist, support, the protection of convicts. Specific featureswe, firstly, the sphere, environment and conditions of its implementation: the place of imprisonment; physical, but not spiritual isolation from society; execution of criminal penalties determined by the court; system of legitimate legal entities in freedoms, opportunities for arbitrary satisfaction of interests, needs, including directly obtaining social assistance; rigidly regulated in time and space order of behavior, vital activity, external and internal relationships; forced maintenance under protection, supervision in specific socio-living conditions of joint residence and pastime; Wide prevalence of "prison", criminal subculture, stratification of convicts, specific regulators of relationships in the environment IU (concepts, norms, customs, traditions); criminogenic interpersonal and intergroup communication, as well as limited normal communication; high degree of conflict of the medium, the prevalence of criminal ways to resolve contradictions, various forms of violence and tensions; An unfavorable social and psychological background of vital activity, an oppressive, psychologically overwhelming personality atmosphere and minimum subjective opportunities for its improvement; Increased risk of being subjected to violence, insult, infringement of human dignity, danger to physical and mental health and others. Consequently, the situation and environment in correctional institutions is characterized as a complex, saturated with objective and subjective difficulties, new extreme, stressful and crisis situations that actualize the ability to social "survival", but objectively have low educational potential and make it difficult to conduct social work with convicts. Therefore, the penitentiary environment itself is one of the objects of social work, and its recovery is among the priority tasks, directions and conditions for the effectiveness of the specialist's activities.

Social work acts in various hypostatas: as a scientific knowledge of knowledge, as educational and practical activity. This circumstance determines its functions. As a science, social work performs some functions. As educational and practical activity - others.

Penitentiary social work is not an end in itself. This particular content, specially organized and controlled type of comprehensive (multidimensional) activity acts as one of the main means of achieving the main goal of the WIS - the resocialization of the convicts. It performs a number functions. The meaningful functions of social work with convicts include:

R esocializing. In the course of its implementation, the employee identifies personal advantages and disadvantages, interests and needs, implements a system of pedagogically substantiated measures to eliminate deformations, promote intellectual, spiritual, physical development and self-realization in various types of educational, industrial, cultural and leisure, sports and wellness, communicative activities , artistic creativity;

Security protective (preventive-prophylactic) - ensures conditions for the vital activity of convicts, control, supervision, the protection of their rights, legitimate interests and needs, prevents the negative development of personal difficult life situations, destructive processes in the condemned environment;

Psychological - In the process of the implementation of which the specialist identifies the psychological features of the person, community, environment, criminogenic determinants, and also helps, advises, adjusts interpersonal relations, the moral and psychological climate, the attitude towards difficult life situations and their willingness to overcome themselves.

Socio-medical - aims to promote the organization of work on health preservation, creating conditions for its protection, prevention of diseases, conducting a healthy lifestyle.

Socio-household - implies assistance to the creation of household conditions of detention in places of deprivation of freedom, complying with the requirements of criminal and executive legislation;

Reagentational - its implementation provides during the execution of the punishment of comprehensive preparation of convicts for life on freedom through personal development, the preservation and development of social relations, overcoming social problems and difficulties; It is aimed at assisting in the provision of specific types of assistance, protection, support for individuals, rehabilitation of certain categories of liberated from IE, in the first stages of life at freedom, restoration of normal social functioning.

To implement effective penitentiary social work, it is necessary to manage it. Management functions include:

Diagnostic (information-providing)- It is to identify the reasons (factors - determinant), which led to a difficult life situation, committing a criminal offense, condemnation and content in places of imprisonment, conditions, circumstances and reasons for the emergence of new penitentiary social problems, determining the degree of their influence on the convicted person, as well as other features of a particular person, community, environment IU;

Prognostic- Based on the study and evaluation, various options for the positive or negative development of a difficult life situation are assumed, and the possible prospects for convicted and communion are determined;

Programming and planning- the adoption of one of the decisions, the development of the resocialization program and action plan (jointly with convicted definitions of the goals, objectives of future work, methods, funds, forms and activities), the formation of the confidence in the confidence of convicts and social service specialists, explanation, discussion, coordination, design and approval of documents with the obligatory participation of the most convicted person, other persons interested in his fate;

Coordination, organizational and performing- Teaching, counseling, organization of specific actions, assistance, support, stimulation, correction, organization of communication, socially useful activities, ensuring the interaction of convicts, specialists, coordination of cooperation, control and evaluation of the effectiveness of individual actions and stages of work.

Consequently, social work with convicts as a type of activity should correspond to such signs as an analytic-prognostic, an active-converting, educational, psychologically developing, preventive (if necessary is a correctional), resocializing nature.

The theoretical foundations of social work with convicts reflect the current level of scientific and practical knowledge of this complex phenomenon. In the future, they will undoubtedly be studied, to be taken into account .

Questions for consolidating knowledge and self-control:

What is the subject of penitentiary social work as science and educational discipline?

What is the specifics of social work with convicts in penitentiary institutions?

Name and characterize the patterns of penitentiary social work?

What are the general scientific principles of penitentiary social work?

What are the specific principles of penitentiary social work?

What scientific disciplines are the penitentiary social work?

Literature for chapter 1:

10 Kalinin Yu. Priority objectives of bodies and UIS institutions // Crime and Punishment. - 2004. - №2.

11 Kuznetsov M., Ananyev O. Social work with convicts in Yiwu: studies. Location. - Ryazan, 2007.

12 Luzgin S.A.. Social work as one of the fixed assets of the convicts // Vedomosti UIS. - 2002. - № 6. - P. 27 - 30.

13 Morozov V.M., Vinogradov V.V. Social work in the criminal office: studies. Location. - Vladimir, 2006.

14 Social work in a penitentiary system: concepts and development prospects: materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, Ryazan, Academy of Law and Management of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, 2003.

15 Social work with convicts: Tutorial. - M.: MGSU Publisher, 2002. - 256 p.

abstract by discipline:

"Legal support of social work"

on the topic:

"Social work in the Penitentiary System of the Russian Federation"

Content

Introduction ........................................................................... .. ......... 3

Chapter 1.Toretical foundations of social work in a penitentiary institution ................................................................................................ 5

1.1 Social work in the penitentiary system .................................5

1.2 Legal basis of social activities in a penitentiary institution ......................................................................................... ......... 8

Chapter 2. Directions, forms of activities of the social worker and professional requirements for his personality in the penitentiary system .......................................................................................

2.1 The main directions and forms of activities of the social worker in the penitentiary system .................................................... ... 12

2.2

………………….…………………………………………………………………14

Conclusion ........................................................................... .. ... 18

Bibliographic list ...................................................... .. ...... 19

Appendix A institutions that are punished in the form of imprisonment

Appendix B Species of Medical Supported in Places of Inclusion

Introduction

Currently in Pthe Susia Federation is a special problem - the formation of social work in the penitentiary system. The disclosure of the essence of this problem and the development of relevant measures in the crowded crime is one of the main tasks of the Institute of Social Work.

In modern Russian society, there are significant changes in the value system, norms, installations of people occur in the crisis situation. The old value system is destroyed, and the new has not yet been created, there is an explicit crisis of the value system. The number of criminal offenses of crimes committed in society increased dramatically.

Against the background of drunkenness and alcoholization of the population, official statistics recorded an increase in violent crimes against the personality.

At the moment, annually comes from 2 to 3 million crimes.

Recurrent crime is very high. Prisons and colonies are overcrowded, they are seating from various "social" diseases. Everywhere there is a violation of the rights and freedoms of prisoners from the staff of the ITU. The acting penitentiary system is based on the priority of punishment and repressive measures towards the convicted person.

The current situation in correctional institutions is exacerbated by the practically complete lack of the necessary number of trained social workers and practitioners capable of working with various categories of convicts in a new way. Social work specialist in penitentiary institutions is designed to foresee the causes of emerging crimes and be able to prevent their effects, thus participating in reducing the interest of crime in the Russian Federation.

This work is devoted to the designation of categories of penitentiary social work and one of the cornerstone aspects of reforming: the problem of updating the activities of social workers of the penitentiary sphere. It seems that the active activities of professional social workers in correctional institutions are able to reverse well-known negative trends, bringing the domestic penitentiary system of the Russian Federation to European standards.

An object Research: Social work in a penitentiary institution.

Thing Studies: principles and content of social worker activities in a correctional institution.

Purpose This work is to identify the main theoretical approaches to building the professional activities of the social worker in the penitentiary system and determining the content and methods of social work in the conditions of a correctional colony.

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations of social work in a penitentiary institution

1.1 Social work in the penitentiary system

A combination of external and internal factors, adverse circumstances and personal imperfections determine the emergence of various difficult life situations in people. Allow them, observing moral and legal norms, is capable of not every person, mainly due to the limited personality potential and the lack of socio-preventive care.

Recognizing the criminal punishment of the most severe, but necessary means of exposure to a certain category of offenders, the state on behalf of the Company applies it to the purposes of extreme self-defense, permission of a criminogenic difficulty situation, as well as the preventive of further personal deformations and returns a person to a social norm.

The statistics of the number of persons in the fields of imprisonment are disappointing.

Social support for persons contained in correctional institutions - a special system of measures aimed at reinforcement, preservation, or the restoration of the living conditions of the most "weak" convicts and their risk groups experiencing due to this weakness, other than other objective or subjective properties that make it difficult to normal Contents in correctional institutions, preparation for life at freedom and post-charge rehabilitation.

Social work with convicts is aimed at achieving common goals: an increase in the degree of independence of customers, their ability to control their lives and more effectively resolve problems with a socially approved way; Creating conditions in which customers can maximize their capabilities to maximize their capabilities and get everything to them by law; adaptation or responding in society; Creating conditions under which a person, despite the physical injury, a mental breakdown or a life crisis, can live, keeping a sense of self-esteem and respect for themselves by others; Achieving such a result when the need for a social worker's help from the client "disappears".

Consequently, the purpose of the penitentiary social work is to prevent the deterioration of the situation in concrete convicts and their groups, the resolution of social problems, the actualization of personal potential to overcome existing and promising difficulties or, at least, facilitating the subjective experience of a person, a change in attitudes towards unresolved issues and situations in the period of imprisonment. The main thing is to promote the implementation of the main strategic goal of the execution of criminal punishment - the correction of the convicted person. In each particular situation at the personal level, taking into account the specifics of the problems and individual characteristics of the convicted person, the common goals of social work are personified [Ananiev 2005: 93-95].

Social work with convicts is based on the following principles:

Humanities - the basis of social work in correctional institutions should be attentive caring attitudes, the priority of respect for personal dignity, the protection of human rights and interests;

Availability and versatility - all convicts independently of political and ideological, religious, national, racial, age, socio-status and other features should have equal rights and real possibilities for obtaining legal social assistance, support, protection;

Addressible - providing individual social assistance to all those who need convicts, especially the most vulnerable categories (disabled, elderly, pensioners, patients who did not have a certain place of residence, the genus of classes, etc.);

Volunteering - social assistance cannot be represented against the will of the convicted person, with the exception of cases related to the threat of life and the safety of the convicts themselves and other circumstances;

Confidentiality - non-disclosure of information about the identity and social problems of convicts, which can cause them a different harm to infringe on their rights and dignity, worsen the situation;

Educational-preventive orientation - through social work. Creating conditions for correcting convicts, preventing the emergence of new complex situations, eliminating the causes of their generating them;

Stimulating the convict - work should be aimed at finding and supporting the positive resource of the convicted person to independently resolve its problems, as well as personal self-education.;

Tolerance - tolerant professional attitude, assisting all categories of needing convicts, regardless of personal sympathy-antipathies, assessment of the circumstances and the nature of the committed crime, gravity, and its consequences, the degree of guilt and moral and legal, psychological and pedagogical degradation of a person;

Maximizing social and personal resources - to solve the problems of the convicted person, the creation of conditions for its normal social well-being and positive development of the personality should be used by all the fixed assets provided by the law [ibid: 118-120].

1.2 Legal the foundation social activities at penitentiary

institution

Social work in penitentiary institutions of modern Russia is actively developing and developing as a special type of social assistance and support activities, the implementation of social protection of convicts. For the implementation of precisely this type of activity, the departments of socio-psychological work and a group of social protection and accounting for the work experience of convicts were established. Employees of these units of correctional institutions, solving the tasks defined by them the normative acts, are primarily guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. She proclaimed the Russian Federation by the Social State, the policy of which is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person. In accordance with art. Warranties of social protection [Zubarev 2006: 31].

The state-legal frameworks of social work, along with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, are specified in federal laws, laws of the constituent entities of the Federation, decrees of the President of Russia, regulations and orders of ministries and departments, legal acts of local governments. Thus, the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On the basics of social services in the Russian Federation" in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the generally recognized principles and norms of international law establishes the basis for legal regulation in the field of social services in the Russian Federation. This law gives basic concepts that determine the essence of social services. It is defined as the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social and domestic, socio-medical, psychological and pedagogical, socio-legal services and material assistance, conducting social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations. In addition, the Federal Law enshrines the powers of the Russian Federation, the state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of social services; social services system; organization of social services; Social service resource support and other provisions. Separates from the provisions are directly related to the organization of social work with convicts during the period of serving the sentence and after their release.

More detailed issues of social work with convicts are enshrined in the Criminal Code. He, along with the regulation of the order and conditions of execution and serving the sentences, determining the funds of correction of convicts, establishes the protection of their rights, freedoms and legitimate interests, providing condemned social assistance in adaptation: a person's adaptation to the new rules and norms of the human dormitory, to one way or another Life in society. [Zubkov 1998: 101-103].

In the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, such an important direction of social work, as the restoration, the preservation and maintenance of socially useful links of convicts with the outside world, is reflected and enshrined [Code of Executive Code of the Russian Federation, Article 1 of Part 2].

This article pursues the purpose of the preservation of family, related and other socially useful ties of the convicts, thereby establishing one of the areas of social work with them.

Convicted to imprisonment is allowed to receive and send letters and telegrams at their own funds without limiting their quantity. The convicts are also entitled to receive remittances and send remittances to close, relatives, and with the permission of the administration of a correctional institution to other persons [Code of Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, Article 91].

In correctional institutions for medical care for convicts are organized medical and preventive institutions, and the administration of a correctional institution is responsible for fulfilling the requirements to ensure their health [Penal Executive Code of the Russian Federation, Article 101].

In the Code of Criminal Code, it is possible to allocate norms that are the legal basis of such an important area of \u200b\u200bsocial work as the preparation of convicts for liberation.

Convicted, free travel to the place of residence, they are provided with food or money during the passage of travel in the manner prescribed by the Government of the Russian Federation. In the absence of clothing or funds necessary for its acquisition, the convicts are provided with clothing at the expense of the state [Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation, Article 181].

The convicts exempted from imprisonment are entitled to the labor and domestic device and obtaining other types of social assistance in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and regulatory legal acts [Penal Executive Code of the Russian Federation, Article 182].

Thus, the legal basis of social work with convicts is: the Constitution of the Russian Federation; Other legislative acts of the Russian Federation; regulations; Regulatory acts of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, regulating social work issues; regulatory acts of the federal sentence of sentences, its main offices, departments and departments; Local regulations adopted by the administration of correctional institutions of the criminal executive system on social work issues.

The social worker in correctional institutions, also uses the instructions for assisting in labor and household appliances, as well as assisting the convicted person, liberated from serving a sentence in correctional institutions (appliances. order of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation of January 13, 2006 No. 2) (as amended on September 8, 2006), which guarantees the convicted person to be released. Warranties are expressed in social assistance and support, employment, ensuring the living space, necessary clothing, etc. Warranties.

Chapter 2. Directions, forms of activities of the social worker and professional requirements for his personality in the penitentiary system

2.1 Maintenance directions and forms activities social

employee in criminal executive system

Currently, the professional activities of specialists in social work and other employees of a correctional institution are carried out in accordance with the Regulations on the Social Protection Group and the Accounting Customer Costers of convicted correctional institutions.

A group of social protection and accounting of working experience of convicts is a structural division of a correctional institution designed to assist convicts in resolving their social problems [Zubarev 2006: 18].

Social work in a correctional institution is a comprehensive activities to provide social assistance and support, the implementation of social protection of convicts, which creates prerequisites for their correction during the period of serving sentences and resocialization after liberation.

Social work is carried out with all convicts, as well as their groups in need of material, moral and psychological, legal or other social assistance [Zainysheva 2002: 178].

In order to more effectively solve the tasks, the Group interacts with other departments and structural units of the correctional institution. The external interaction is carried out with relatives of convicted, public, territorial employment services, social protection of the population, other interested structures [Loccasters 2006: 37].

Group employees to fulfill their professional duties are provided by office offices, an automated workplace (personal computer), office equipment, office supplies.

To implement the goals and objectives, the staff members perform a variety of functions. The main one includes:

The implementation of the overall social diagnosis of convicted and identifying on its basis persons in need of priority social assistance, support and protection;

A comprehensive study of the personality of convicts who need social assistance in conjunction with the staff of the psychological service and other services of a correctional institution and the development of individual programs for working with them;

Providing to those in need of qualified social assistance to stimulate convicts for an independent decisionselfsocialproblems and problems of other people, in accordance with the requirements of the laws and norms of morality;

Strengthening positive social connections of convicts with an external social environment: with family, relatives, close, public and. religious associations, other persons who can facilitate the correction and reassocialization of offenders;

Permanent exercise on the preparation of convicted liberation;

The situation determines the rights and obligations of the staff of the Social Protection Group and the Accounting Costers of the convicts. In accordance with it, to fulfill professional functions, a senior specialist in social work has the right to:

Request and receive information about the personality of the convict, as well as on groups and teams of convicts;

Take part in the work of the distribution commission on the distribution of convicts on units and brigades;

Participate in decision-making on the submission of convicts, which are clients of social work, to conventional early liberation;

Proposals to the management of a correctional institution on the application of encouragement and recovery to convicts.

The duties of the Senior Social Work Specialist under the Regulation include:

Timely informing the management of a correctional institution on the problems in the field of social security condemned;

Provision of individual assistance, informing and counselingthem (both independently and with the help of an invitation of lawyers) on the issues of pension, material, other social security;

From the first days of stay of convicts in a correctional institution, activities aimed at their preparation for liberation, promoting the acquisition of education, profession and labor skills;

Promoting restoration, maintaining and strengthening socially useful ties of convicts, formation of skills in family behavior and communication in the nearest social environment;

Registration of documents on individual pension insurance of convicts and promoting their implementation;

Taking measures to receive passports, labor books and other documents of convicts [Zubarev 2006: 11-16].

2.2 Legal aspect of social work in penitentiary institutions

One of the functions of a social worker in the penitentiary sphere is legal support and providing convicts.

Over the years of the existence of the Soviet penitentiary system, the staff and administration of correctional institutions have created stereotypes against convicts in accordance with which the convicts do not have any rights. Often the right of convicts were violated contrary to existing legislation, very often prisoners were used as free labor, but "the work of prisoners is not an end in itself. He should only prepare him for life after entering freedom, and this is possible only when prison enterprises will be equipped as ordinary. Labor is not a punishment or a means of reducing the expenditures on the content of convicts, but an exceptional factor in the resociants of convicts. Raising the labor only implies a teaching to work, but it must be remembered that work is always less effective than education about this testifies practical penitentiary experience.

In the Russian penitentiary system, sanitary and hygienic standards of residence of convicts are not observed. So, according to the results of these public organizations on January 1, 2008. In the investigative insulators, it was contained on 58.8% of people more than the state standard. As well as 18-20 square meters. m. for 38 people, that is 0.4 square meters. m. per person. The widespread application of repression is largely due to the formation of the population of a peculiar legal consciousness associated with the use of condemned fierce measures. The person is punishable by imprisonment, and not deprivation of conditions for normal existence. About 40 decrees of the president, government decisions and other regulatory acts were adopted. (Federal law "On institutions and bodies of executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment", "On Amendments to Correctional Labor Code of the RSFSR, Criminal Code of the RSFSR, Criminal Procedure Code of the RSFSR", etc.) Approved the concept of reorganization of the criminal executive Systems, there is a program for the construction of prisons and remand insulators, but in reality, all the state of affairs is deeply different from the legislatively fixed. So, in accordance with Article 51 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the logistics of the convicts for imprisonment is enshrined, which is a complex of organizational measures on the basis of the norms of criminal and executive legislation aimed at creating conditions to ensure the normal life of convicts during the period of serving the sentence. The value of the material and consideration of the convicts is manifested in the fact that the well-established life contributes to the moral change in the personality of the convicted person, the consolidation of positive habits, tends him to order and discipline. Logistics includes the creation of proper housing and communal conditions, the organization of nutrition, broadcasting and commercial services. In correctional centers, the regulation of most of these referrals of logistics is carried out on the basis of the norms of the general legislation of the Russian Federation. Often, convicts cannot protect their rights in the field of material support, and here the help of a social worker is needed, which must follow the implementation of the main norms of substantive and legal support and ensuring the rule of law in the execution of a sentence in the form of imprisonment, with non-compliance with these norms. Social worker Must report this to relevant authorities and institutions. Also, a social worker can communicate between the relatives of the prisoner and prisoners, follow the unimpeded shipment of correspondence by the convicted person and himself, to help the convict in regulating financial issues, issues related to the departure of religious belief of the convict. In accordance with these norms, a social worker is obliged to control the implementation of all these conditions in relation to the convicted person, as well as to follow the fulfillment of the right of a sentence of old-age retirement, disability, loss of the breadwinner and other cases stipulated by law. Without any discrimination in relation to the convict. In the functions of the social worker, monitoring medical support for convicts is also included. As is known in Russian penitentiary institutions there is a colossal number of patients with tuberculosis, scabies, venereal diseases, the number of patients with AIDS is constantly increasing. It is necessary to monitor cases of the disease and provide patients with the necessary conditions for treatment. In accordance with the current legislation, which reads: "Convicted, serving the restriction of freedom guarantees the right to health care, including obtaining medical care (part 6 of Art. 12 PEC). Therapeutic and prophylactic assistance is convicted in accordance with the basis of the legislation of the Russian Federation of July 22, 1993. "On the protection of the health of citizens."

Also, social workers are obliged to coordinate the activities of medical services, send them to promote and organize various preventive measures

Thus, the legal aspect of social workers involves the fulfillment of the functions of observers, lawyers, administrators, controllers and social intermediaries.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it can be noted that to overcome the crisis in penitentiary institutions today it is necessary to reform the foundations of the criminal executive policy. Correctional institutions should be peculiar social clinics, where a targeted socio-pedagogical, rehabilitation process of re-education, "treatment" of socially launched prisoners will be carried out.

Such a decision is possible and necessarily, but it must be complemented by participation in the penitentiary activities of specialists - social workers who focus in their activities primarily on moral and humanistic principles in relation to prisoners.

Penitential social work as the type of activity is inherent in specific features that are of great importance for work in penitentiary institutions. Among them, skill: consider the client as part of the social system; focusing contacts with the client's environment, with all who can help identify problems and search for its solution; organization of an integrated approach and coordination of efforts of various specialists and services when working with the client; Knowledge of the possibilities of society in solving social problems of the client.

Social worker in a correctional institution is a multifunctional specialist, ready for organizational and management, research and analytical and scientific and pedagogical activities. The main directions of his professional activity: Social work with convicts serving sentences in institutions that perform criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment; Resocialization and social adaptation of persons exempt from penalties executing; Educational and prophylactic work with persons serving sentences not related to imprisonment.

Bibliographic list

1.AnanievOGSocialjobatcriminal executive system. Educational and methodical guide / o. G.AnanyevE. O.Ananeva, N. S.Glazunovanddr.– Ryazan: Academy of Law and Management of the FSIN Russia, 2005. - 372 p.

2. Zaynisheva I.G. Technology of social work: studies. Manual for studies Higher educational institutions / ed. I. G. Zaynysheva - M.: Humanit. ed. Vlados Center, 2002 - 240 p.

3. Zubarev S.M. The theory and practice of control over the activities of the personnel of the penitentiary system / S. M. Zubarev, Moscow, 2006. - 51

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6. Instructions on the organization of educational work with convicts in educational colonies of the Criminal Executive System of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. Approved by order of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation of February 28, 2000 No. 77

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15. Code of Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Adopted by the State Duma from 18 December 1996.

applicationBUT

Institutions performing punishment at video deprivation freedom

Appendix B.

Types of medical support of convicts in places of imprisonment

The principle of legality in the activities of social workers in the penitentiary sphere has deep moral grounds. The social worker must contribute to the condemnant to law-abiding behavior. The implementation of the principle of legality in the execution of criminal penalties is that: first, the legal status of convicts should be strictly met, the steady fulfillment of their responsibilities and prohibitions assigned to them; Secondly, the real possibility of using convicts or persons representing their interests provided by law should be ensured.

The principle of justice should be implemented not only by the execution of criminal-punitive human limits, but also by applying condemned benefits and promotions. In general, justice is one of the most important principles that should be provided in the activities of a social worker in the penitentiary sphere.

The principle of humanism is fundamental in the activities of the social worker, he finds his expression in the Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaiming that: "Man, his rights and freedoms are the highest value" (Art. 2). In accordance with Part 2 of Art. 21 of the Basic Law, "no one must be subjected to torture, violence, another cruel or degrading human dignity or punishment." The principle of humanism is reflected in Art. 7 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: "Punishment and other measures of criminal and legal impact cannot be aimed at causing physical suffering or humiliation of human dignity."

The social worker is more than other specialists of the penitentiary system should focus on the principle of humanism in their work with the convicts, since it is he who understands that we only call the worst qual qualities of his personality to the manifestation of the "lower being", which he shows society. Using repressive measures towards the convict, we will never be able to achieve that a convict looked at the world and performed their actions from the standpoint of humanism and humans. Therefore, the orientation of the penitentiary system is precisely the moral and humanistic principles and the implementation of penitentiary policies in accordance with them is the most important task of modern society. And this principles should be carried out in mind that the social worker must be in mind the specific features of his professional activities.

In penitentiary institutions, the most important functions of social workers are to: together with the convicted and personnel administration, to make a plan for learning and work during the period of imprisonment; help convicted to overcome the psychological crisis in connection with finding them under arrest; assist in adapting them to the environment of correctional institutions; help organize free time and continue learning; protect and observe that the rights of convicts are not disturbed; help with the Council to relatives concluded in solving problems related to the deprivation of his freedom; Help the prisoner in regulating financial issues; Prepare a prisoner to the exit to freedom, including the opportunity to find housing, work; To regulate the relationship of convicts and personnel, for often the employees of correctional institutions relate to convicts as hopelessly incorrigible, which serves fertile soil for the powerful arbitrariness.

Also one of the main functions remains assistance to the most in need of groups and categories of convicts that are traditionally traditionally objects of social work. This is primarily a minor, youth, women, unemployed, pensioners, disabled.

One of the most socio-unprotected categories of convicted people with disabilities. Consider the functions of social workers to assist this category of convicts. According to statistical data, about 22,000 disabled persons with disabilities are served in institutions of the penitentiary system, of which 54.7% have disabilities 1 and 2 groups, 48,000 sentenced over 55 years, of which 17.3% of the retirement age. The execution of the punishment against the convicts with disabilities and the convicted retirement age has its own characteristics due to the need to take into account their health and physical abilities, social status in society. Correctional labor legislation provides for special conditions, benefits, the direction of persons with disabilities at their request in the houses of people with disabilities and the elderly.

Social workers should contribute to the disabilities of all marked benefits provided by applicable law. It is also known that a large number of disabled (71.7%) have chronic diseases or often sick, 56.6% of them have difficulty maintenance difficulties, and 8.2% cannot do without assistance. However, neither the health of the disabled people nor the presence of chronic diseases is actually taken into account when organizing the execution of punishment. Very low efficiency of the system of professional rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, while disabled more than healthy convicts need special rehabilitation programs.

However, on the basis of the analysis performed, it can be argued that social work in the penitentiary sphere has several more specific principles, this is humanism, legality and justice.

The principle of legality in the activities of social workers in the penitentiary sphere has deep moral grounds. The social worker must contribute to the condemnant to law-abiding behavior. The most common content of the principle of legality follows from Part 2 of Article 15 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation: "Public authorities, local governments, officials, citizens and their associations are obliged to comply with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the laws." Persons serving a sentence must steadily comply with the requirements of laws that determine the procedure and conditions for the execution of punishment. In accordance with the new edition of Article 10 of the Correlation and Labor Code, the convict should be explained in the full amount of their right and obligations, working conditions and recreation provided for them by law. The implementation of the principle of legality in the execution of criminal penalties is that: first, the legal status of convicts should be strictly met, the steady fulfillment of their responsibilities and prohibitions assigned to them; Secondly, a real possibility of using convicts or persons representing their interests given by law should be provided. However, often the use of this principle to convicts is predominantly the declarative nature and task of a social worker to ensure and use this principle to convicts in reality. The principle of justice contains the requirement of conformity between the practical role of various people in the life of society and their social status, between their rights and obligations, the act and reward, labor and remuneration, the offense and recovery, the merits of people and their recognition. The discrepancy in this relationship is regarded as injustice. In the philosophical literature, it is customary to see in justice two aspects: equalizing and distributing. The first is associated with the need to ensure equality of citizens before the law, the second aspect says that: "the punishment or other measure of criminal and legal impact, to be applied to the person who has committed a crime must be fair, that is, to meet the severity of the crime, the circumstances of his commitment and the person of the guilty" (Article 6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

The principle of humanism is fundamental in the activities of the social worker, he finds its expression in the Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaiming that: "Man, his rights and freedoms are the highest value" (Article 2). In accordance with Part 2 of Article 21 of the Basic Law, "no one should be subjected to torture, violence, other ill-cruel or degrading treatment or punishment." The principle of humanism is reflected in Article 7 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: "Punishment and other measures of criminal and legal impact may not be aimed at causing physical suffering or humiliation of human dignity." Humanism on the concepts established in Soviet legal science has two sides. One side is expressed in the "minimum and softness of repression." The other side protects society and the existence of the most severe penalties is allowed, right up to the death penalty. In our opinion, such an understanding of humanism is somewhat outdated because it is essentially justifying the period of the 30s - the beginning of the 50s. The twentieth century in Russia, when criminal repression was the most severe, and millions of people were serving a sentence in Stalin's camps and prisons. In our opinion, humanism in relation to the offender means first of all the "human" attitude of the state and society to him and incorrectly reduce it to just all sorts of sending sediments for convicts in the execution of punishment. Humanism is a refusal to the so-called "functional" approach to the convict when he was considered "function", a means of achieving a criminal executive system of economic, financial, political I.T.P. goals. Humanism is, first of all, the recognition of the possibility of each convict return to law-abiding life in society, this is a recognition by employees of a criminal executive system, convicted as equal to their human nature and essence. However, at the same time, the principle of humanism does not mean all-prostrates, the strictness of the execution of punishment may even increase, but such measures should not lead to the destruction of the human in man, to undermine the health of the convicted person, turn it into the manipulation object. The principle of humanism is reflected in international documents about the condemnation. Thus, the principle of humanism refutes the opinion that the prison makes a terrible poor man, and good - bad.

The social worker is more than other specialists of the penitentiary system should focus on the principle of humanism in their work with convicts, since it is he who understands that we only call the worst qualities of his personality with the worst qualities of his personality, which he manifests the worst creatures society. Using repressive measures in relation to the convict, we will never be able to achieve that a convict looked at the world and performed their actions from the standpoint of humanism and humanity. Therefore, the orientation of the penitentiary system is precisely the moral and humanistic principles and the implementation of penitentiary policies in accordance with them is the most important task of modern society. And this principles must be carried out in mind the social worker in view of the special features of his professional activity.

3. Functions of the social worker in the penitentiary institutions of the Russian Federation:

In penitentiary institutions, the most important functions of social workers are to: together with the convicted and personnel administration, to make a plan for learning and work during the period of imprisonment; help convicted to overcome the psychological crisis in connection with finding them under arrest; contribute to adapting them to the ITU; help organize free time and continue learning; protect and observe that the rights of convicts are not disturbed; help with the Council to relatives concluded in solving problems related to the deprivation of his freedom; Help the prisoner in regulating financial issues; Prepare a prisoner to the exit to freedom, including the opportunity to find housing, work; To regulate the relations of convicts and personnel, because it is often the employees of the ITU relate to convicts as hopelessly incorrigible, which serves fertile soil for the powerful arbitrariness. Also one of the main functions remains assistance to the most in need of groups and categories of convicts that are traditionally traditionally objects of social work. This is primarily a minor, youth, women, unemployed, pensioners, disabled.

2.2 Principles, functions and methods of social worker activities in penitentiary institutions

The principle of legality in the activities of social workers in the penitentiary sphere has deep moral grounds. The social worker must contribute to the condemnant to law-abiding behavior. The implementation of the principle of legality in the execution of criminal penalties is that: first, the legal status of convicts should be strictly met, the steady fulfillment of their responsibilities and prohibitions assigned to them; Secondly, the real possibility of using convicts or persons representing their interests provided by law should be ensured.

The overwhelming majority of convicted persons with disabilities are not only socially disadnished, but also deprived of social connections. With respect to 37.8% of the convicted medical conclusion on disability was made in places of imprisonment, having the right to retire forced to reiterate commissions, collect references to this takes several months, and all this time without having livelihoods such persons are forced to live either on dependency of relatives or begging. Therefore, special conditions should be created in places of detention for disabled people to ensure social protection. Create and control the implementation of these conditions should be the social worker, it should also determine the volume and structure of rehabilitation activities on the basis of the medical and social commission jointly with the doctors.

A large percentage in the penitentiary system is also HIV-infected, which indicates the need to develop a medical and social service.

Schedule 2 patients with tuberculosis for 1000 prisoners and HIV-infected per 1000 prisoners in 1995-2000.

Having considered these categories of assistance objects. We observe what a variety of and numerous functions should execute a social worker in the penitentiary system. At the present stage of the development of the penitentiary system, there is a feature of the activities of social workers, which is that the social worker must take on the functions of the employees abolished due to the financial difficulties of employees in educational, cultural, legal and fitness work. That is, it is possible to make a small conclusion that the functions of the penitentiary social worker are very diverse, ranging from helping to improve life and housing conditions, to psychological counseling of convicted and personnel. However, the fundamental in our opinion are the following:

1) legal assistance and support for convicts;

2) the psychological and pedagogical diagnosis of the personality of the convicted person;

3) development in conjunction with the administration of a correctional institution of programs of socio-psychological and professional rehabilitation of convicts;

4) Adaptation of convicts to the environment of correctional institutions.

Despite the presence of general features and properties, the object of penitentiary social work is heterogeneous and in order to determine the optimal paths of differentiated assistance, support, protection can be divided into groups on various bases. Prisoners who have social problems can be classified in the following categories.

For example, by the degree of severity of social problems and the ability to independently resolve them with a non-primary way, a group of convicted high risk can be allocated. It includes disabled people, pensioners, young convicts translated from educational colonies; women who have children up to three years; patients with incurable or hard diseases; persons suffering from alcohol or narcotic dependence; who do not have a certain place of residence; Convicted, subjected to constant physical and mental violence (pursuit) of noncrimal nature.

These are the categories of the least protected people who, as a rule, a complex of interrelated social problems, special needs of the threat to their equitable existence in correctional institutions, which they cannot be allowed. These convicts need various types of permanent help (material, moral and psychological, medical, legal, penitentiary-pedagogical and other), support, protection. Social work with them is a priority and mandatory for a specialist, acquires the nature of escort and even integrated services with the involvement of physicians, psychologists, educators, representatives of local social protection bodies. It should be borne in mind that some of the social problems of the personal level (disability, old age, oppression and others) on objective reasons, it is definitively impossible to be resolved, so rehabilitation and educational activities should be supplemented with psychological assistance to change the attitude towards them and finding opportunities for self-compensation and self-realization in the current circumstances.

The second group constitutes convicts that have several social problems objectively solvable properties (broken family, lack of profession or the inability to deal with a certain type of activity, unfavorable microenvironment, etc.). For this, after social diagnosis, it is necessary to include a convicted person in socially useful activities, restoration of positive relations with relatives, targeted consulting on how to overcome difficulties, periodic support and actualization of personal resources for self-improvement.

The third group includes persons who have one or more simple social problems except condemnation, usually emerging and overcoming during the period of serving the sentence. These include the need for issuing documents certifying the identity (passport, power of attorney) that resolve property issues (certificates, testaments), pensions, insurance; assistance in the device to work, admission to study and continuation of education in universities; restoration of parental rights, the establishment of guardianship; preparation of materials to improve the conditions for serving the sentence, pardon, parole; Assistance in obtaining necessary medicines, glasses, prostheses, as well as specialized treatment. At the same time, a specialist in social work basically performs the functions of the consultant and an intermediary, and the aid is situationally episodic and stops after meeting the need for the convicted person.

Another (fourth) group of convicts constitutes persons who do not have complex social problems, except for condemnation and content in places of imprisonment, or capable of overcome them independently. Being self-sufficient people, they are often included in the social assistance section of amateur organizations of convicts, or conduct volunteer social work on the principle of "equal helps equal" with other persons in need of non-professional assistance. Penitentiary social work with this group of convicts can be reduced to the formation and assistance in the implementation of promising life plans, as well as to stimulate positive development and readiness for a full-fledged life.

First of all, it is necessary to say about crime observation methods. In the description of the methods of observation, it is possible to rely on the ideas of the German scientist. Schneider, in accordance with which, since direct observation of crime is impossible, the methods of indirect research should be used. One form of mediated surveillance is an interview that is taken from criminals. Interview as a means of study is a systematic activity with scientific purposes in the course of which interviewed by a number of scientific issues encourages a report of verbal information. To carry out this method, it is the activity of a social worker who can establish trust, equal relations with convicts.

With the help of an interview, as a rule, study the "criminal career" of the personality, which is mainly based on the personal features and properties of character, which are not amenable to objective assessment. To draw conclusions about the personality of the convict, to draw up typology and classification of the latter is possible only on the basis of the comparative method, the method of empirical sciences, when the results of the study will be only authentic when they can be repeated in the results of various studies. Based on the data of the generic methods of studying crime, it is possible to distinguish specific methods and models of activities of social workers in the penitentiary sphere, based on the moral and humanistic foundations and principles. Western scientists allocate several major methods of social workers with convicts. This is a model or method of justice, the method of educational impact includes various models: communal and group therapy, transactional analysis, the impact of the reality of the surrounding world, behavior modification.

The model of justice says that the punishment should not lead to the criminal to be applied social, mental or physical harm. Humane attitude to the offender is the main duty of society, if it wants such an attitude to give a positive effect and lack of recurrence. According to the model of justice, it is necessary to significantly reduce the number of crimes for which the deprivation of liberty is relied. So, for example, a short deprivation of liberty must be followed for serious crimes, because it is believed that a long term is no more effective than a short one. It should be noted that in Russia this method in modern conditions is unacceptable because a short time will only increase the number of crimes committed, as people will not know that they will not suffer significant punishment for their crimes.

The following method - the method of educational impact involves the transformation of the prison in the clinic. She explains the emergence of crimes only by individual pathologies and, based on this, offers correction and impact on convicts. It can be individual advice and group meetings, physical, mental and social therapy.

Russian methods of social worker's activities in the penitentiary sphere are built, first of all, according to the plan to consistently eliminate all objective negative phenomena of socio-economic, socio-psychological nature, the elimination of negative circumstances in organizing life, activities, life and leisure of specific people.

There is a method for the expansion of positive public relations and relations of the subject ", developed by the Soviet criminologists (V. N Kudryavtsev). This method helps the convicted person to join the social experience of a positive directivity. The expansion of positive relations is carried out through: the introduction of a convicted person to fiction, music, art, sports, amateur-in-law; His acquaintance with the positive traditions of the activities of other people; providing him to master the appropriate specialty; Attracting convicts to social activities.

Further individual work with educational built in the plan:

a) the subsequent formation and approval of the socio-useful orientation, dominant motivations with the gradual displacement of unhealthy needs, negative emotions, aggressive feelings, antisocial views;

b) Education of respect for the standards and laws existing in society.

The following method is the method of psychological correction of the personality of the convict. Psychocorrection sees its official goal of a sustainable change in certain psychological properties of the personality determining the contents of the social behavior of the convicted person.

In general, the penitentiary psychological activities of the social worker are possible in directions: the provision of psychological assistance in the traditional sense: diagnostic consulting and preventive measures; improving the psychological state of convicts for the purpose of destructive conflicts and negative perception of correctional impacts; Corrective psychological correction of the convict. The effectiveness of this method is due to a higher level of direct impact on the properties of the personality.

The implementation of this method involves submission to a number of moral and humanistic principles: voluntary participation (to ensure genuine voluntaryness it is necessary to provide preliminary psychological assistance and consulting); Providing a convicted opportunity to express its point of view in the process of assistance and take it into account. To correct the correction, the necessary condition for the psychodiagnosis, aimed at identifying the properties of the personality, which predetermine the criminal parties of the individual.

Thus, the main principles of the method are: voluntariness, individuality, systemicity, consisting in the elimination of the identified criminal inconsistencies and the formation of alternative ways to solve life problems. These methods can be used by penitentiary social workers in relation to all categories of prisoners.

As with respect to the conformal and non-conformal (i.e., as relatively independent and relatively independent). 2.2 Designing a system of continuous professional education condemned in a penitentiary institution on a continuous and stable development of education in the penitentiary system. An external environment has an external environment, i.e. The sphere in which the educational ...

And additional education in the IU) in the penitentiary pedagogy are practically not developed. 3. Modern problems and prospects for the development of the pedagogical and educational process in penitentiary institutions 3. 1. Problems of legal regulation of educational work with convicts for imprisonment under Art. 9 PEC Educational work is considered as one of the fixed assets ...

Functions of a social worker in penitentiary institutions. Functions and directions of social work with convicts in penitentiary institutions The functions of a social worker in the penitentiary institutions of the Russian Federation

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