Analysis of the fleet of vehicles of the enterprise and the quality of services provided. Resource needs

Analysis of the presence of rolling stock of a motor transport enterprise

it is carried out on the basis of data on the admission and disposal of the rolling stock of the motor transport enterprise (Table 2.1).

Table 2.1 - admission and disposal of rolling stock

Quarter	Number of cars dropping out this year	Number of cars coming in the current year

At the first stage, the average number of cars per year by the formula is calculated:

where is the list of cars at the beginning of the year;

The number of cars that leave this year;

Number of calendar days a year (365 days);

The number of cars-days of stay on the motor transport enterprise received cars, auth.-Days;

The number of cars-days of stay on a motor transport company of retired cars, Avt.-days.

It is conditionally accepted that the supply and write-off of cars occurs in the middle of the quarter.

where is the number of departure cars in the quarter;

The number of days of staying cars in a motor transportation enterprise, departing in the i-m quarter.

The nutsomobile days of staying on the motor transport enterprise of retired cars:

auto-days.

The number of vehicle days of stay on the motor transport enterprise received cars:

car-days.

The average number of cars for the year:

cars.

2.2 Main technical and performance indicators

The main technical and operational indicators include total cargo receipts, the volume of transportation, freight turnover, total car mileage and other indicators.

The calculation of technical and operational indicators is carried out on the basis of the performance of the enterprise, which are shown in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2. - Indicators of the company's work

Indicators	Values
List number of cars at the beginning of the year, units. (A NG)
Mark and truck model
Regulatory lifting capacity, t. (GR a)
Transmitted cargo	Gypsum construction
Release coefficient on line (α)
Duration of finding a car on the line, h. (T n)
Estimated rate of car run, km / h. (NP R)
Mileage utilization rate. (K n)
The average length of ride with cargo, km. (L cf)

The total car capacity is calculated by the formula:

where is the regulatory capacity of the car, t.

Annual traffic is determined by the formula:

, (2.4)

where is the car output coefficient on line;

Duration of finding a car on the line, h.;

Estimated rate of car run, km / h;

Mileage utilization rate;

Coefficient of use of loading capacity;

The average length of ride with cargo, km;

Downtime for loading unloading per 1 ride is calculated by the formula:

(2.5)

where - the rate of downtime during loading-unloading depends on the car carrying capacity, 3-5 min / t

The utilization factor depends on the class of cargo. On road transport, all loads are divided into 4 classes. This classification is applied to tariff traffic. The harder cargo, the smaller the coefficient, respectively, less tariff traffic.

1st grade - 1;

The utility utilization factor (K) for the transported load of the Synthetic resin (2nd class) is 1.25.

Cargo turnover is determined by the formula:

The total mileage of the car is determined by the formula:

where - the average daily mileage of the car, it is calculated by the formula:

, (2.7)

where - car-days in work, is determined by the formula:

Car clock in work:

Achr \u003d 1788 * 7.3 \u003d 13052 a / m-h

Annual development of 1 average auto-ton (T, T-km)

, (2.10)

, (2.11)

The results of calculations of the main indicators of the work of ATP are presented in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 – Indicators of ATP

Indicators	Legend	The value of the performance indicator for the year
Industrial base
Average number of cars, units.
Common car carrying capacity, t.
Car Operating Program
Volume volume, t.
Cargo turnover, T-km.
Common car mileage, km.
Car-clock in work, a / m-h.
Technical and operational performance
Car release ratio on line
Duration of finding a car on the line during the day, h.
Estimated rate of car run, km / h.
Coefficient of use of load capacity.
Downtime for loading unloading for ride, h.
Mileage utilization factor
The average length of the ride with cargo, km.
Average daily car mileage, km.
Annual production of 1 average auto-ton:

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1. Analytical part

1.1 Brief History of Enterprise

1.2 Main activities Enterprise

1.3 Mission and goals of the enterprise

1.4 Production and Technical Base

1.5 organizational structure of the enterprise

1.6 Analysis of the personnel composition of the enterprise

1.7 Technology for performing the production process

1.8 Characteristics of technical and operational indicators

1.9 Characteristics of economic indicators

1.10 Analysis of working conditions

1.11 Conclusions and suggestions

2. Project part

2.1 SWOT Analysis of the Park of Vehicles of the Enterprise and Quality of Services

2.2 Activities for improving the production and technical base and the calculation of the performance of rolling stock

2.3 Choosing a route track

2.4 Development of a rational transport and technological scheme of cargo delivery

2.5 Choosing the optimal type of vehicle

2.6 Calculation of TEP on the selected route

2.7 Calculation of resource requirements

2.7.1 Calculation of the needs of capital investments in the rolling stock and material and technical base at

2.7.2 Calculation of labor resources

2.8 Safety in the organization of the transport process

1 . Analytical part

1 .1 Brief history of the enterprise

transportation Economic Risk Competitiveness

S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" was registered 02.05.1995 the Registration Chamber of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Moldova under No. MD0004779.

Legal address: Republic of Moldova

Keerash.

ul. Alexander Cu Bun.22.

Fiscal code: 1002609000390

1. 2 Main activities Enterprise

The main activity of S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" is:

Design and construction of roads.

Production process S.R.L. Nirom-Roz is in the construction of highways.

The structure of transportation is very diverse. The main types of cargo that transports the rolling stock S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" bulk cargo. The predominance in the structure transported by building materials.

Efficiency of local transportation of goods S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" is to ensure the delivery of cargo "from the door of the sender to the recipient door" that is, to a construction site and in fairly short time.

1. 3 Mission and goals of the enterprise

The main common goal of the organization is a clearly pronounced cause of its existence - this is the mission of the organization. The mission determines the principles of work, priority values \u200b\u200band directions of effort. The mission does not depend on the current state of the organization, forms and methods of its work. The remaining goals or objectives of the organization are characterized by the time of execution and the amount of resources being expended. The tasks are developing gradually each for its period, depending on the stage of the life cycle, which is experiencing an organization and other factors.

The Mission of the company S.R.L "NIROM-ROZ" is: road construction, road repair, bridges and other construction objects and ensuring their structures.

The primary strategy of the company S.R.L "Nirom-Roz" is the equipment of the park with modern and efficient vehicles, which meets technical requests (requirements) of European countries; improvement of material and technical base and improving the quality of service at the interstate level; These are the main landmarks of the enterprise for the period following 3-5 years. Such a general definition of the company's strategy involves a huge amount of work.

1. 4 Production and technical base of the enterprise

Under production, the technical base of road transport means the combination of buildings, structures, equipment and equipment on the territory of S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" or in the region, interrelated in accordance with certain organizational and technological principles, and intended for storage, maintenance and repair of rolling stock, as well as to create the necessary working conditions.

The basis of the production and technical base of any motor transport organization is the main production funds consisting of the active part (rolling stock and the passive part (building, structures, industrial equipment, equipment, etc.).

Data on the list of rolling stock, which has S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" are presented in Table 1.

Table1 - Structure Movable composition B.S.R.. L.. « Nirom- Roz.» for 200.9 year

	car model	Year of issue	Type of semi-trailer

			Semi-trailer dump truck
			Semi-trailer dump truck
			Semi-trailer dump truck


Semi-trailers dump truck
			Semi-trailer dump truck
	BSS-NS \\ 130.23.20		Semi-trailers - dump truck
			Semi-trailers - dump truck
	Sav 931823-000050
	Sav 931823-000050

The company's fleet is represented by two brands: European production. It is worth noting that cars are very dilapidated and do not meet all environmental standards, to countries, with high environmental standards for cars. All cars are equipped with tachographs that take into account the mode of movement of the car, labor and recreation drivers, which is now required in almost all countries for international carriers.

Cars are held partially in service enterprises of Mercedes, Iveco and other official dealers in Moldova and partly on the basis of the company itself. Although cars are running mileage indicates the moment of their complete wear, and at this time the norms of consumption of fuel, fuel and fuel and other operating materials are increased.

The park requires urgent updates, as close to the adoption of the following environmental standards, which cars do not respond and increase the costs of carrying out cargo transportation, which will lead to higher prices for the services and a decrease in the competitiveness of the enterprise.

For successful competition in the international transportation market, any transport and expeditionary organization should have a modern rolling stock, whose technical and operational characteristics will ensure the timely delivery of goods and the high level of their safety.

Table 2 - Characteristics of the main production facilitiesS.R.. L.. « Nirom- Roz.» , as of January 1, 2009 of the year

OPF name	Cost initial	Accrued wear operating	Balance cost	Share in general \| volume,%
Passive part of the OPF (%)
1. Buildings and structures
2. Rental funds
3. Other fixed assets in operation
4. Other fixed assets not commissioned
Passive part of the OPF (%)
5. Vehicles (Own)

From the data given in Table 2, it can be seen that the proportion of the passive part of the main production facilities is 46.4% and does not exceed the recommended values \u200b\u200b(55 - 60%). This suggests that the level of development (condition by January 1, 2009) of the manufacturing and technical base (PBB) is lower than the regulatory values. In part, this can be explained by the fact that the rolling stock is periodically updated, with automobiles of foreign countries, the cost of which is quite high, and the PBB level remains at the same level.

The degree of wear of the active part of the OPF (rolling stock) is 12.4%. Low wear level is associated with the fact that the car park changes (updated), so they are put on the balance of the enterprise for procurement price, while they have a certain mileage from the beginning of operation and "age" that, according to existing legislation, are not taken into account .

It should also be considered the fact that the second administrative building is an object of unfinished construction and is not on the balance sheet of the enterprise.

1. 5 Organizational management structure

The concept of "organizational structure" is based on the concept of the term "organization". The term "organization" has a wide and narrow meaning.

In a narrow sense, the organization is the process of determining links among people, tasks and activities between groups and structural divisions to meet the social needs of society and individual individuals.

Organizations are formed due to the impossibility of achieving a goal one person, or even several people working independently.

The advantages of the organization are: improving efficiency and quality of work by combining efforts; establishing powers, duties and responsibilities, which allows you to solve controversial issues and somehow plan work; Melting communication, when each employee knows who he should exchange information with, and then everything goes on a chain.

Picture 1 - Organizationalstructure

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The structure of the organization reflects the allocation of individual units established in the organization, the links between these divisions and the unification of units into a single whole. Organizational structure S.R.. L.. "Nirom-Roz" is presented in Figure 1. Structural units are hierarchically linked and are in constant production interaction.

For each of the units, certain responsibilities and tasks are assigned.

Enterprise Management is a complex process. The Office ensures the unity of actions and the focus of the work of the company's team, efficient use in the process of various techniques, interconnected and coordinated activities of working. Consequently, management can be defined as a process of targeted impact on production, to ensure its effective implementation. The process of presenting services and specific features of it determine the need to establish relevant forms and functions of management. Schematically managing the process. The provision of services can be represented as a number of major stages covering the collection of necessary source information.

The production process S.R.L "NIROM-ROZ" is based on the operation of rolling stock, on the line. This requires the implementation of diverse operations related to the organization of movement and transportation, ensuring the technical condition of the rolling stock and its uninterrupted supply of combustible, lubricant and other operational materials, selection of the necessary personnel and the increase in its qualifications, organization of labor, planning, accounting, reporting, and the establishment of financial ties with clientele, etc.

On S.R.L "Nirom-Roz" uses a linear control system, meaning direct submission to each head of the team of a certain group of workers and employees.

1. 6 Analysis of personnel composition of the enterprise

Personnel composition S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" is the main staffing of employees of the enterprise performing various production and economic functions. The personnel composition is characterized primarily by its number, which is determined by the character, scale, complexity, complexity of production processes, the degree of mechanization, automation, computerization of workplaces and the company as a whole.

Of the above table, we notice that the total number of employees in the enterprise is 66 people:

§ Higher and middle specialists 34;

§ Drivers 21.

§ Other workers 11

All departments and services S.R.L. Nirom-Roz operates in close cooperation and under the direction of the director.

Director S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" is a trustee, the union and is responsible for the results of the activities of the entire enterprise. The director entrusted responsible duties:

Ensuring the implementation by the enterprise of the Clientele, contractual obligations for all quantitative and qualitative indicators;

Organization of logistics, scientific organization of labor in the enterprise;

Management work on the introduction of new equipment and technology, improving the transport process and the implementation of obligations to the state budget and the bank;

Questions of selection and training of personnel, labor protection and safety.

The director of the enterprise is endowed with great rights. It establishes the structure of the control apparatus, approves the transfinplan, makes changes to it, accepts orders for transportation from the state to construction and repair, approves estimate and financial calculations. Director S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" in its work relies on the team of the enterprise, and many questions decide together with him. Operational guidance and management of construction accounting on S.R.L "Nirom-Roz" include: organization of acceptance of applications (orders) for concealing and repair, organization of the production of rolling stock on line and receiving it when returning from line; implementation of manual and control over the work of rolling stock on the line; The implementation of operational accounting and analysis of the operation of rolling stock.

The project executives of the project is the most important structural and production unit S.R.L "NIROM-ROZ". Its main tasks - the organization and design of construction work, ensuring the implementation of the established plan for transportation on clientele and nomenclature with the most efficient use of rolling stock.

The project executives of the project heads the design of the S.R.L "Nirom-Roz" investigation.

Service of project managers S.R.L "Nirom-Roz". Project executives are engaged in such types of work as:

Produces preparatory work on concluding contracts with customers and accepts orders (applications) for construction investments

Makes a consolidated daily operational plan;

Engaged in transport planning;

Draws up travel sheets and commodity transport documents;

It is negotiated about the price of transport services rendered.

The efficiency of S.R.L "Nirom-ROZ" depends largely on the technical condition of the rolling stock. On S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" Technical work with rolling stock is manufactured at the autotransport maintenance service.

The engineer entrusts with an obligation to the integrated car maintenance of a fleet in order to eliminate faulty assemblies and car units for their normal operation. During maintenance work on the maintenance of rolling stock, outfits are designed, which are an integral part, where they indicate the necessary information (the cost of work, order and form of their implementation).

Accounting is a structural unit S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" and operates in accordance with government regulations, an accounting law on NR 426-13, national accounting standards, the Tax Code of the Republic of Moldova, regulatory acts of the Ministry of Finance of PM.

Accounting S.R.L. Nirom-Roz operates under the leadership of the Chief Accountant Rosimbak N.V.

The accounting department includes:

Financial analysis and audit;

Control over the rationality of expenditure of funds and compliance with the financial procedures established at the enterprise and regulations;

Financial planning, including the development of balance, assets and liabilities, profits and losses, cash payments and revenues and relevant reports;

Management, assets of the company, including purchase, sale, acquisition and rental (leasing) of basic and intangible assets, accrual and use of their depreciation;

Management of the liabilities of the company, providing assets with relevant sources of financing;

Ensuring the financial sustainability of the enterprise on the basis of continuous monitoring (monitoring) of the liquidity of its assets, solvency, prevention of bankruptcy potential;

Distribution of expenses and capital investments in the main divisions, investment projects and market segments;

Minimization and insurance of financial risks through the reasonable choice of objects of investments, their diversification (diversity), creating reserve funds and purchase insurance policies; Organization of financial flows (calculations) with suppliers, buyers, budget, tax authorities, social foundation and in accordance with financial plans; organization of relations with banks and other financial companies (receipt, maintenance and return of loans, insurance payments and premiums, leasing payments, factoring); Operations in the currency and stock market (purchase and sale of currency;) Management of reserve funds.

All these functions of the Accounting Department on S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" performs together with the director. S.R.L "NIROM-ROZ" services transfer accounting in terms of all primary documentation and correspondence necessary for accounting, as well as copies of orders, orders, plans, contracts and agreements, instructions and instructions on accounting and financial settlements coming from the director.

1. 7 Technology implementation of the transportation process

The company uses a standard technology for carrying out the transportation process corresponding to technologies applied in other similar enterprises. But each enterprise has its secret or some difference that provides more efficient use of vehicles and which is an advantage over competitors.

Standard technology implies the following actions before proceeding to direct transportation:

* Conclusion of the contract for transportation with the conditions for the implementation of transportation, duties and responsibilities of each of the parties

* The optimal route of transportation is determined (optimal in terms of the shortest distance, permissible load standards on the road web and permissible speed speeds)

* The optimal rolling stock is selected in terms of carrying capacity, technical condition, compliance with the environmental standards of intersected countries and compliance with the type of cargo transported

* Calculate approximate estimates of expenses, which is announced by the Customer

* Requires the necessary documents on the shipment truck

Having collected all the necessary information about the cargo, the vehicle and the route is determined by the driver who will transport, it takes place in terms of transportation plan (deadlines, route intersectable posts, etc.). Such is the standard technology of the transportation process.

1. 8 Characteristics of technical and operational indicators

Cargo transport has direct interaction with a huge number of shippers and freight recipients. Since the company is organically connected with other enterprises and organizations in the area, the transport of this enterprise is obliged to interact with them. The specifics of transport lies in the dynamicity of its funds. In any other industry, the main means of production are stationary and produce their products without leaving the framework of the enterprise.

By virtue of this, the mentioned means of transport are in a constant movement on the networks of communication networks as in the loaded so email state. This feature of transport creates many problems unknown to other industries.

Performing any transportation of goods, transport (as a field of national economy) simultaneously produces its technical (mechanical) work in the form of a mileage of the corresponding modes of transport. The need to take into account technical work follows from the desire to fully ensure the transport needs of the district with all-effective savings of material, financial and labor resources.

For accounting and analyzing technical work, there are certain indicators reflecting one or another side of the transport process.

Some of the work of the truck in the enterprise S.R.L "NIROM-ROZ" in 2009 are presented in the table below.

1. 9 Characteristics of economic indicatorsactivitiesS.. R.. L.. « Nirom- Roz.»

Revenues S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" adds from cash receipts on the current tariffs for the construction work performed, freight forwarding services and other works and services.

Revenues from transportation activities related to a unit of transport work are called an average revenue rate. The income rate is used to calculate the planned income from transportation, as well as for analyzing the income received.

Total profit S.R.L. "Nirom-Ro" is a difference between total incomes, reduced by the amount of deductions and expenses. Calculations with the budget are made of profit, the interest is paid for a loan. The residual profits formed after these calculations enters the disposal of the labor collective.

An increase in the mass of profits can be obtained either by increasing income, or by reducing costs (cost) or the other way at the same time. An increase in income is achieved by the growth of transport work and other works and services provided by the enterprise.

The results of S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" largely depend on the degree of efficiency of using the main production funds, about 60% of the value of which is the cost of rolling stock. Consequently, the higher the rates of use of the park, carrying capacity and run, the time of staying the car in the dress, the average speed, the higher the level of transport work, below the cost and, ultimately, more profit of the enterprise.

Characteristics of economic performance

Table3 - Characteristics of economic performanceS.R.. L.. « Nirom- Roz.» *

1. 10 Analysis of the working conditions of drivers

Analysis of the working conditions of employees of the enterprise should be made by their categories.

Analysis of the working conditions of employees of the Directorate, engineering and technical composition and the younger service personnel.

Currently, the enterprise has fully established the relevant conditions for the effective and fruitful work of the aforementioned category of employees, which is ensured by compliance with the conditions for industrial sanitation and labor hygiene. The presence of a separate administrative and domestic corps, which generally complies with the requirements of industrial aesthetics, ergonomics and the scientific organization of labor (notes) makes it possible to fully use the potential of administrative and engineering workers.

Drivers are the main and direct participants in the implementation of the transportation process, therefore, the level of labor productivity, the quality of transportation and traffic safety is largely dependent on the rational organization of their work and the creation of relevant conditions. Therefore, speaking about the working conditions of the driver, first of all, the car should be considered as an object directly related to this. Currently, the transportation of goods is carried out by modern and quite comfortable cars of the Renault and Volvo brand that according to its technical and operational characteristics are fully consistent to create the required working conditions of the work of drivers, as well as there are KAMAZ, MAZ and ZIL. It should also be noted that since the main part of the rolling stock is serviced in the territories of the enterprise, the drivers are involved in maintenance and repair, which favorably affects not their working conditions, but also on the quality of the transportation process. This is due not only with a shortage of drivers (big fluidity of personnel), but also with disadvantages in organizing the work of drivers. It is fundamentally important to develop a system of measures for the prevention of prof-pathology and a decrease in the professional risk of morbidity, which includes the following directions:

1) improving the working conditions and environment,

2) rationalization of operation modes,

3) Medical and prophylactic direction.

1. 11 Conclusions and suggestions

Performing the analytical part we note the following

1. For the past few years I slept a strong workflow of the enterprise, that is, the transport process also slept and at low customer ability platform.

2. The automotive park is old, and the new does not comply with the standards of the transportation process. Old cars often fail.

2. Project part

2.1 SWOT Analysis of the Vehicle Vehicle and Quality Parkservices provided

The competitive positions of the enterprise are determined primarily by two factors: a competitive market environment and the competitiveness factors of the enterprise itself. Both factors, one way or another, are affected by economic risks whose sources have different nature.

Among these parameters are the degree of capital concentration, elasticity and other characteristics of supply and supply in the industry, inflation rates and rapidness stability, market balance, deterioration of the material and technical base of the industry, the aging of the rolling stock fleet, the quality of labor and the level of employment in the industry, instability Tax policy, reduction of liquidity and solvency of motor transport enterprises (organizations), reducing the investment attractiveness of the industry, imperfect legal support of carriers.

As a basic tool for regular strategic management, many subjects choose the "high-quality" strategic analysis matrix, which is also called the SWOT-analysis matrix

Strengths ( Forces )

Weaknesses ( Weakness )

OpportUnities ( Opportunities )

Table - Matrix SWOT Analysis of the Transport Complex

Growth of wages of workers;

Relatively large proportion of transport in VRP

Favorable geographical position;

Developed network of transport communications.

W (weakness)

High degree of depreciation of fixed assets

organizations;

Lossability;

Low management level at enterprises

Low rates of investment investment.

O (Opportunities)

Expanding the activities of industries requiring transport;

Touch the state about receiving special loans

T (threats)

rising fuel prices;

Financial crisis that reduces activity

economic activities in the real sector

economy;

Weak state support.

2.2 Activities for improving the production and technical base and the calculation of the performance of rolling stock

Given the need to diversify production, it is necessary to improve the production and technical base, since the company currently does not own a rolling stock, which corresponds to international transport requirements. This limits the range of services provided by the company, in particular transport. By purchasing a rolling stock - tractor with semi-trailers for the transport of industrial goods, the spectrum of transport services is expanding.

2.3 Choosing a route track

The route is an established (intended), and if necessary, equipped, the path of the vehicle between the initial and end items.

Routing allows you to optimize cargo traffic taking into account:

Shopping volume:

W directions;

W range;

Sh over time:

Sh loading roads of different categories:

W movement sequences:

W shutter efficiency.

The main tasks of routing are:

W organization of movement;

W minimization of shipping terms;

W Safety:

Ø efficient use of vehicles;

W implementation of plans and charts of transportation;

W Return response to changing road conditions.

To solve the question of the feasibility of opening the route, it is pre-necessary:

W determine the need for transportation of goods on this route (alleged steady cargo traffic).

W Select the tracking track and examine road conditions.

W is a feasibility study of the feasibility of opening a route.

Sh routes open with sustainable cargo traffic and conditions ensuring the safety of motion.

When developing routes should be provided:

W. Providing transport links for the greatest number of customers to the shortest directions between the main points of the city;

W use of the type of vehicles corresponding to the type of transportation;

W ability to control the movement;

W. Providing a coordinated movement of the enterprise in the newly discovered route with the movement of enterprise vehicles on existing routes, as well as with the work of other types of transport;

The location of the intermediate and final stopping points of routes in sufficiently large cargo-forming places, in order to minimize the empty miles of vehicles;

E use of effective motion organization systems.

The choice of route track is made subject to the following requirements:

W complevistence of the type of coating, condition and width of the roadway and the rooks, horizontal and vertical radii of curves, longitudinal slopes, visibility and arrangement of roads, as well as railway crossings, ferry fixed requirements, construction standards and regulations;

WP compliance with total vehicle weight with maximum filling permissible load on bridges and roads located on the route.

2.4 Development of a rational transport and technological scheme of cargo delivery

Reducing the size of the reserve of goods in industries is promoted, without failures, organization of transport services. Such an organization can be provided with a fairly modern technological process of cargo delivery.

The technological process of cargo delivery by road carries internally. Therefore, any work aimed at improving should take into account the specifics of service maintenance and proceed from the requirements imposed by enterprises to the quality of their transport service.

The technological process of cargo delivery as a whole and in each individual phase is a set of interconnected partial processes. The structural unit of any technological process used for its rationing, planning, accounting and control is the technological operation.

When developing technology, the specific patterns of the production process have been identified in order to identify the names of operations and the establishment of their duration. With regard to cargo road transport, this is a set of techniques, methods and methods of moving goods from producers to consumers of products, as well as from warehouses of shippers to stations and ports or from these points to consignee warehouses.

Technological documentation is a complex of textual and graphic materials regulating the process of freight transportation and control over its implementation. The most important generalizing technological document is a map of the process of cargo delivery. Regardless of the type of cargo, all maps are compiled according to a single form.

2.5 Choosing the optimal type of vehicle

1. Source data

· Type of cargo transported: construction trash

· Annual volume of transportation - 32,000 tons.

· Number of shippers -5 (construction objects)

· The number of cargo accessories - 1 (landfill of construction waste)

· Number of car transportation cars -5

2. Characteristic of the goods

The entire nomenclature of goods transported by specialized vehicles is divided into five groups. In this case, only those parameters of cargo, which directly affect the type of rolling stock, namely, physical, chemical and physiological properties, weight, volume, dimensions, partionship, loading, unloading, transportation and storage, sanitary conditions.

Cargoes of the 1st group represent the following products:

Long loads (beams, columns, etc.);

Volumetric and large loads (booths - cabins, plumbing cabins, kiosks, etc.);

Piece loads (cars, etc.).

When transporting these cargoes, special conditions are required for preservation, fixation when driving, the nature of the installation and mutual location, etc.

To perform these conditions, the rolling stock must have a platform with a solid base or a sliding platform equipped with coniques, special support linings, cassette or racks to provide strictly horizontal or vertical position and fixation from shear, etc.

Loads of the 2nd group, mainly bulk and bulk.

According to the requirements for rolling stock, they are conditionally divided into three subgroups:

Conventional bulk goods (soil, inert materials) that retain their physical properties and quality during transportation and not requiring special conditions;

Bulk goods requiring protection against atmospheric precipitation;

Semi-liquid or viscous goods (concrete, mortar) that require special carriage conditions.

Loads of the 3rd group mainly, cargo trade and raw materials for light and food industry. They are divided into two subgroups:

Foodstuffs;

Industrial consumer goods.

Raw materials for light and food, industry, as a rule, requires mainly protection against atmospheric influences. Food cargoes require more complex conditions, both transportation and loading, unloading, timing and storage conditions, and specific requirements (to moisture, aroma, etc.) exist (to moisture, aroma, etc.).

The loads of the 4th group are divided into two subgroups:

Powdered.

Liquid cargoes have a number of common and specific properties.

General properties are the density, the creation of a hydroudar during transportation, storage time (milk), temperature, etc.

Specific properties are explosion hazard, corrosionism, foaming, non-uniformity of traffic from the period of the year, a wide range of transportation range, etc. Consequently, SATS (specialized vehicles) should provide complete cargo insulation, temperature constancy, reduction of hydraulic impact capacity, control over the amount of cargo transported.

Powdered (dust-shaped), granular (granules) and small-sided (some feed) loads, as well as construction of construction, etc. Possess the properties of hydroscopicity, peculiarity, harm, etc. SATS must ensure their isolation during transportation and loading and unloading.

Loads of the 5th group are large-sized products, the transportation of which should be carried out in a vertical position. Given their fragility and high factory readiness, these products, with the exception of cable products, cannot be installed on top of each other and higher requirements for protection against damage and pollution during transportation are imposed.

An important value in the characteristics of the cargo has a bulk weight or a density of a bulk cargo, which characterizes the mass of a unit of bulk cargo in its natural state.

The type of cargo with the corresponding volumetric mass is an essential indicator that determines the selection of a type of body (dump truck, onboard, van, tank) and its parameters. Compliance with the principle of "Cargo - the appropriate type of body" helps to increase the level of maintenance of goods in road transport.

The construction trash refers to the 2nd group. With its transportation, it is necessary to cover it with a special awning, which will prevent sputtering during transportation.

The construction trash has a volume of 1.40 t / m3.

3. Selection of loading facilities, unloading.

When choosing a loading tools, unloading takes into account the conditions for the operation of the cargo table, the genus and the volume of transported cargo, as well as the type of rolling stock. It should be borne in mind that stationary (semi-stationary) mechanisms apply only with mass transport and stable cargo turnover. In points with a slight cargo turnover, as a rule, mobile mechanisms use.

For loading of bulk cargoes, pre-prepared, focused in stacks or individual barts, successfully use self-propelled loaders on a tracked or pneumatic movement.

Table 2.2. Brief technical characteristics of self-propelled loaders

Single-line front loader TO-18D
1. Performance, m3 / h
2. Load capacity, t
3. Capacity bucket, m3
4. Height of unloading, mm
5. Model Engine
6. Engine power, hp
7. Mass, t
8. Working speed, km / h
9. Speed \u200b\u200btransport, km / h
10. Length, mm
11. Width, mm
12. Height, mm
13. Radius of rotation, m

The basic principles of the choice of motor vehicles.

The criterion of the right choice of motor vehicles is the minimum cost of transportation, maximum labor productivity, ensuring the safety of cargo and its timely delivery, maximum traffic safety.

For the estimated selection of rolling stock, we determine 5-7 types of specialized vehicles, which can be used to transport the specified cargo. Then proceed to the analysis of its technical and operational and economic indicators. The efficiency of the use of the vehicle depends on a number of factors:

Transport (type of cargo and its characteristics, transportation partionship, volume and cost of transportation, transportation range, ways to perform loading (unloading), mode of operation, view of the route of movement);

Road (road coating strength, permissible axial load, profile elements and road plan, traffic intensity, road passage);

Natural-climatic (zones of moderate, cold climate and roast climate, high-mountainous areas);

Structural (body type, body weight);

Operational (body adaptation, cargo capacity, ease of use, permeability);

Economic and natural (performance, cost, costs, the costs, labor intensity of transportation, non-transport effect).

For the transport of your cargo, I define 5 types of rolling stock:

1. KAMAZ-65115

2. KAMAZ-55111

3. KAMAZ-55102

5. ZIL-MMZ-45054

We bring brief specifications of the selected cars:

Table 2.3 Technical characteristics of the car KAMAZ-55102

KAMAZ-55102.	specification
1. Load capacity. kg
2. Full weight, kg
3. Body raise angle, hail
4. Internal body sizes, mm	5335x2320x635 (+620)
5. Body volume. cubic meters: with major sideboard
6. Lifting time of the loaded body, with
7. Unloading	on two sides
8. Maximum speed, km / h
9. Basic chassis: model	KAMAZ-53205.
10. Engine: model
	Diesel with turbocharged
11. Fuel control fuel consumption L / 100 km

Table 2.4 Technical characteristics of the car MAZ-5549

	specification
1. Load capacity. kg
2. Full weight, kg
3. Body raise angle, hail
4. Body volume. cubic meters: with major sideboard

6. Unloading

8. Basic chassis: model
9. Engine: model
	Diesel

Table2.5 Technical characteristics of the car ZIL-MMZ-45054

ZIL-MMZ-45054	specification
1. Load capacity. kg
2. Full weight, kg
3. Body raise angle, hail
4. Body volume. cubic meters: with major sideboard
5. Fuel control l / 100 km
6. Unloading
7. Maximum speed, km / h
8. Basic chassis: model
9. Engine: model
	carburetor

Partionship of transportation of cargo

From the carrying capacity of motor vehicles ultimately depends the level of profitability of the transport enterprise.

Based on the need of the clientele (urgency of delivery, the load regime, the operation mode of the serviced enterprises, the conditions caused by the contracts, etc.), establish a suitable frequency of importation or cargo export.

The average daily need for cargo QCC is determined by the formula

where QR is the annual volume of transportation on the group of serviced enterprises, T;

DR - the number of calendar working days;

Park use ratio, 0,765;

n - number of serviced enterprises

Trucking body

In specific operating conditions, the load capacity and geometric parameters of the body due to the various shapes, sizes and the specifics of the load laying are not always used completely. In this regard, it is necessary to estimate the boundary conditions for the use of body parameters with changing body sizes, for which such operating quality is used as a threshold adaptation of the body, i.e. its ability to react under operating conditions to change the volumetric masses of goods transported. The criteria of the threshold adaptation of the body are the threshold coefficients for carrying capacity (AQ) and cargo capacity (by volume) of the body (AU).

Analyzing come to the conclusion: that according to the specific volume of lifting capacity, the KAMAZ-55111 car is most profitable; According to the coefficient of adaptation of the body for lifting capacity, it is preferable to use the KAMAZ-55102 car; By the coefficient of threshold adaptation in volume, the KAMAZ-55111 car will use the most profitable.

For permissible axial load installed 4 main groups of roads:

1) the ground road having the smallest carrying capacity (mainly for motor vehicles of increased and high passability);

2) Roads with a solid coating, withstanding the axial load in B T (mainly for motor vehicles of group B (Table 12.);

3) roads with an improved coating, withstanding the axial load of 10 tons (mainly for motor vehicles of the group A, as well as with axial load 8 tons);

Table 2.6 The greatest limits of the static axial load

All motor vehicles are divided into two groups:

Group A - Cars and automobiles, intended for operation on roads of the first and second category with an improved capital coating, as well as on other roads, a passing part of which is designed to pass vehicles of this group;

Group B - Cars and road trains intended for operation on all highways of the general network of Moldova

4.4 Natural and Economic Criteria

Natural criteria are characterized primarily by the performance of the vehicle, corresponding to the nature of transportation and working conditions.

One of the indicators for which a comparative estimate of rolling stock is produced, is the hourly performance in tons (Wo) and ton-kilometers (WP):

where Q n is the nominal carrying capacity of the rolling stock;

js. - a coefficient of static use of load capacity;

ju.- the coefficient of dynamic use of lifting capacity;

Mileage utilization rate;

Technical speed of rolling stock, km / h;

lEG - Riding length with cargo, km;

tPR - time of loading and unloading works, h.

For KAMAZ-55102 car, hourly performance in tons (WQ) will be:

and in ton kilometers (WP)

On the technical speed of a rolling stock at the same time, such factors as the category of roads and the condition of the road canal, the intensity of motion, weather conditions, time of day, etc. Therefore, in order to simplify the classification of car operating conditions, the varieties of options are combined into IV groups, Characterized by the coefficient of change of velocity of the vehicle:

1-0.8 -i group; 0.8-0.6 - II group; 0.6-0.4 - III group; Less than 0.4 - IV group. For the conditions of Kalarash, a technical speed (VT) is adopted, equal to 65-70% of V MAX. (See technical specifications of motor vehicles), taking into account the coefficient of the third group of speed changes.

Table 2.7 Hourly productivity in ton kilometers



KAMAZ 55102.
KAMAZ 65115
KAMAZ 55111

ZIL-MMZ-45054

Analyzing the results obtained, we make the following conclusion: the KAMAZ-65115 car has the highest hourly performance in tons of WQ, therefore, it is advisable to expediently expediently on this car.

Table 2.8 Hourly productivity



KAMAZ 55102.
KAMAZ 65115
KAMAZ 55111

ZIL-MMZ-45054

We define the dependence of the time of turnover of rolling stock from the distance of transportation according to the formula, the results of the calculations will be in a table.

We define the dependence of the time of turnover for the car KAMAZ-55102:

Table 2.9 Time for car turnover, h.



KAMAZ 55102.
KAMAZ 65115
KAMAZ 55111

ZIL-MMZ-45054

Analyzing the calculation results obtained, we make the following conclusion: From the point of view of the speed of movement, the KAMAZ-65115 and ZIL-MMZ-45054 cars are most profitable to use the most profitable; The time of turnover of TB is the smallest, consequently expedient to carry out more than one of these cars.

However, the selection of rolling stock in terms of performance and turnover time is not final, since it is not always a car having a greater development, provides a minimum of operating costs. In addition, the performance indicator does not reflect the economic efficiency of the use of rolling stock. Therefore, for the final solution of the task, it is necessary to compare the selected models of rolling stock for this final indicator, as the cost of transportation.

In our case, for the transport of construction waste it is more profitable to use the KAMAZ-65115 car, since this car over all indicators surpasses the other cars. In modern conditions, when S.R.L clients. Nirom-Roz is most interested in the volume of traffic (the amount of cargo that is capable of transporting a car for one ride), and, given that the construction of additional sides is provided in the car body design, this car is even more attractive.

Since the car KAMAZ-65115 has a load capacity of Q n \u003d 15 tons, it will be advisable to apply as a loading agent - the loader is a single-line front-line amkodor 342PL, which has a lifting capacity of Q n \u003d 4.2 tons and capacity of the bucket 2.3 m3.

2.6 Calculation of TEP on the selected route

Based on the analysis of the existing situation, I propose to calculate the TEP work of the dump truck on the route Warehouse Building Materials S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz".

Table 2.10

where ass is the average number of cars in the park (units);

b - the utility utilization coefficient;

VT - technical speed, km / h;

LEG - average distance ride with cargo, km;

TN - time in the dress, hours;

DRG - the number of working days a year.

The projected park is assumed that it consists of cars of one brand KAMAZ-65115 (a car-dump truck with trilateral unloading is designed to transport bulk different cargoes) with a carrying capacity of 15 tons. The nature of the goods is easy-to-deplete from the body of a car dump truck (sand, crushed stone, etc.). Cargo class II, therefore, the coefficient of use of the carrying capacity r \u003d 0.8. Time under loading-unloading (1 ton of cargo) Tp.r \u003d 0.91 minutes. Time of full loading dump truck with a carrying capacity of 15 tons tp.r \u003d 0.144 hours.

Table 2.11 Production program for repair and repairj.composition

Name showbutteles	Conditional obligationaboutvalue	Unit I.z.measures	Value
Common mileage
Periodicity EO TO-1.	LEO L1.	kM kM kM	536,4 1250
Statutors of labor intensity EO TO-1. TO-2	TNEO TN1. Tn2.	cher.ch. cher.ch. cher.ch. cher.ch / 1000 km	0,3 3,4 13,8
Number by type EO TO-1.	NEO N1.	units. units.	1303,1 559,2
Adjusted standard consumption standards EO TO-1. TO-2	TNEO TN1. Tn2.	cher.ch. cher.ch. cher.ch. cher.ch / 1000 km	0,276 3,128 12,696
Labor intensity EO TO-1. TO-2	Theo T1. T2.	cher.ch. cher.ch. cher.ch.	359,6 1749,1 1419,8
Final labor intensity

2.7 Resource needs

2.7. 1 Calculation of the needs of capital investments in the rolling stock and material and technical base

,

where

CACS - capital investments in the rolling stock,

Nastro - Cost of construction for 1 car,

CO - the cost of equipment per 1 car,

K - coefficient taking into account the project binding

,

where

STI - the cost of the unit of rolling stock,

The cost of construction is 55% of capital investments in the rolling stock and equal to 6694600 lei

2. 7 . 2 Calculation of work in labor resources

a) drivers

,

where

ChPZ - clock preparatory and final time,

FRVADOV - Driver's working time fund

,

where

DK days calendar

DV - weekends, dv \u003d 96 days;

DP - festive days, dp \u003d 12 days;

Doo - days of the main vacation, Do \u003d 24 days;

DDO - days of additional vacation, DDU \u003d 6 days;

DB - days of illness, dB \u003d 3 days;

TCM \u003d TN \u003d 9.7 hours.

b) repair workers

where

FRAR - annual working time fund.

Since FRAR is poured for repair workers working in normal conditions and repair workers with severe and harmful working conditions, we will assume that 20-25% of the ones are carried out in severe and harmful conditions.

The number of workers with severe and harmful working conditions:

The number of workers working in normal working conditions:

3) Subsido-auxiliary workers

When determining the number of subsidiary workers, the complexity of the subsidiary work is taken within.

2. 8 Safety in the organization of the transport process

2 Moving Companies

For the transport of goods in motor transport enterprises there is a different rolling stock. This is single cars and automobiles, cars with different body type, universal and specialized, various carrying capacity, etc. Economic indicators of the transportation process largely depend on the proper use of rolling stock. To transport cargo, it is necessary to highlight cars and trailed composition, providing minimal costs in specific operating conditions. Special relevance acquires the rationalization of the use of rolling stock enterprises in modern economic conditions, when, with a decrease in transportation, it is necessary to ensure the financial stability of the transport process. A separate and complex problem is a task of forming a rational structure of a fleet of rolling stock for carrying capacity. The structure of the fleet of rolling stock for carrying capacity should be such to carry out with the maximum efficiency of transportation of various cargo parties.

The freight forwarding company "Vittrans" until recently had its own rolling stock and provided services for expeditionary services, acting as an intermediary between the shipper and the consignee. However, in 2011, the company decided to expand the spectrum of the transport services provided, and therefore 3 tractors of the MAZ were purchased (Figure 2.1) and 3 MAA semi-trap. In early 2012, the company replenished the fleet of its own vehicles and purchased 7 DAF tractors and a specialized Faymonville trailer for the transport of oversized cargo.

A tilt semi-trailer of the Minsk Automobile Plant is a universal semi-trailer, most commonly used for the carriage of most types of cargo in the road train. Loading capacity of the semi-trailer is 22 tons, the volume of the body is 90 m 3, the capacity of 22-33 of the European film. Loading in the semi-trailer can be carried out using a 3-EX of different loading methods: upper, rear, side.

DAF DAF tractor is designed to transport goods for long distances, i.e. For international road transport. This car is characterized by low operational expenses, maximum convenience for the driver and high reliability.

Figure 2.1 - MAZ tractors

The oversized FayMonville platform (Figure 2.2) produced by the Belgian company has a length of 13.4 m with a sliding section of 4 m long. Load capacity of this semi-trailer is 32 tons. Oversized Faymonville platform is a 4-hosted extensionable low-grade semi-trailer designed to transport heavyweight and oversized cargo, first of all, for the transport of heavy machinery.

Figure 2.2 - Faymonville specialized semi-trailer

Vittrans uses an existing rolling stock for transporting various types of goods: agricultural products, perishable goods, chemical products, etc.

Transportation of goods is carried out using transport and technological schemes. With their substantiation, one of the most important issues is the choice of rolling stock. The solution to this issue is closely related to the technology of preparation and displacement, consumption and package of cargo, used by transport equipment, methods and means of performing loading and unloading and warehouse work.

The rolling stock selected for the carriage of goods should provide minimal total costs for moving and storing goods throughout the loading circuit.

The choice of rolling stock is influenced by many factors. Among them must be allocated:

volume and distance of transportation;

conditions and methods of transportation organization;

send size;

clapgo and its price;

funds and methods for the production of loading and unloading;

road and climatic conditions.

Trucks for the transport of heavy cargo are selected based on the required traction and dynamic properties of road trains.

Since Vittrans carries out the carriage of various types of cargo, including perishable goods and goods, requiring the maintenance of a special temperature regime, oversized and heavy cargo, dangerous and other types of cargo, then for better use of rolling stock offers converting vehicles.

The design of the tilt semi-trailers allows you to shoot a awning, remove the board, remove the racks for lateral loading of long cargo, and if necessary, you can fully disassemble the framework. This makes this type of body one of the most common and most popular in all versions of urban, long-distance and international transport.

With the road transport of lungs, but the bulk cargo car carrier can increase the body of the cargo vehicle. These events will ensure an increase in the use of its carrying capacity.

The design of the semi-trailer allows you to remove the awning and thus makes it possible to produce loading / unloading side or from above. In addition, the semi-trailer without an awning allows the use of a semi-trailer as an open area with a height of sides from 35 to 50 cm.

Additional loading equipment (elevator, belts, handrails, etc.) can be installed on the semi-trailer.

Suspension of semi-trailers can be pneumatic or spring, while pneumatic provides auto-saving more smooth move, which protects the incompleting cargo from damage.

In order to transport perishable goods, the semi-trailer can be equipped with an autonomous refrigeration unit. Modern refrigeration plants have different levels of protection against an emergency temperature change, which ensures the safety of the cargo. On the rolling line, equipped with a refrigeration unit, you can transport cargoes that require maintaining a certain temperature mode.

For the transport of some perishable goods, an isothermal semi-trailer can be used, which is a semi-trailer, the side of the cargo compartment of which is made of foam, trimmed by tin. The doors of the cargo compartment are equipped with a seal.

For transporting oversized cargo, it is more expedient to use a specialized rolling stock. The faymonville oversized platform is equipped with sliding extensions by 230 mm on each side, there is also a sliding with a length of 4 m. For the transport of heavy machinery on this rolling stock, niches are provided for wheels. (Figure 2.3)

Figure 2.3 - Oversized Faymonville platform

The Faymonville low-grade semi-trailer is equipped with the necessary additional equipment for consolidating the cargo. Such a combination of technical means allows transportation of road construction equipment, energy plants, bulky metal structures, mining equipment.

The type of body of the used motor vehicle is determined depending on the genus and the nature of the transported cargo, climatic conditions and the achieved cargo capacity. If it is possible to use multiple body types, the received must ensure the highest shipping efficiency.

Cargo capacity is selected depending on the size of the cargo batch, urgency of its delivery and road conditions. The rolling stock of a large load capacity has a high productivity under the condition of the complete use of cargo capacity. Therefore, in all cases, it is advisable to use the rolling stock of the maximum possible lifting capacity allowed in these conditions of operation.

When choosing a rolling stock, use complex meters of cargo transportation efficiency and partial. Comprehensive indicators include:

vehicle performance;

transport costs;

cost of transportation;

energy intensity of transportation (specific fuel consumption).

The rational rolling stock used for the carriage of goods must provide maximum performance with minimal values \u200b\u200bof value indicators and energy intensity of transportation.

The basis of the selection of rolling stock may include separate operational qualities, such as cargo capacity, permeability, etc.

The general scheme for choosing effective automotive vehicles is shown in Figure 2.4.

Park LLP "Growth" consists of buses of various brands and various capacity. The table shows the buses brands and their number.

Table 1-Composition Park Vehicles TOO "Growth"

car model	Number, pcs.

Buses









Total buses: 197 units.
Trucks






Gas SAZ 53B
Total trucks: 9 units.
Cars






Total passenger cars: 14 units.
Total for Growth TOO: 220 units

Figure 1 - Composition of the park of vehicles LLP "Growth"

Thus, 90% of the entire rolling stock "Grow" LLP makes up buses of various capacity. Cargo and passenger cars make up 4% and 6% of the total fleet, respectively. Freight and passenger cars serve to perform auxiliary service operations.

The age structure of rolling stock is presented in Table 2.

Table 2 - age structure of the fleet of the rolling stock LLP "Growth"

Figure 2- Age structure of the fleet of the rolling stock LLP "Growth"

Thus, cars with a service life of 15 to 19 years old are almost half (42%) of the entire fleet of the rolling stock "Growth" LLP. Cars with a service life of 5 to 9 years old are 34% and cars with a service life of less than 5 years - 15%. The good indicator is that cars with a service life of more than 25 years constitute a minimum percentage of the entire fleet. Basically these are trucks that are designed to serve the enterprise on its territory and for their own needs.

The main share of buses with a service life of 10 to 15 years is the buses of Scania produced by Germany. Buses with a service life of less than 5 years are represented by the King Long brand (manufactured by the PRC). These buses in the quantity of 25 units were acquired GRUTO LLP in 2007.

Analysis of the rolling stock

However, with a deeper analysis of overhead costs, it should be borne in mind that the suggestion suggestion will not always be accurate. For example, an increase in car operating hours will cause some increase in the number of drivers and repair workers, and therefore the costs of labor protection and safety, an increase in the change in the operation of the rolling stock or the number of car-days of work causes rise to the cost of travel sheets, some increase in stationery , postal, telephone and other expenses. Therefore, that part of the overhead costs, which depends on the car-hours of operation, adjust, take these costs planned by 1 auto work and multiplied by the reporting car and opening hours.

The book covers the technical and economic features of railway transport, the organization of management, planning of freight and passenger traffic, the work of rolling stock, capital investments and repair, as well as labor. The maintenance of expenses, tariffs, income, profits and profitability is revealed, the operation of roads is given.

Indicators of the volume of rolling stock are also used in calculating and analyzing the cost of products of iron, road transport and to determine the qualitative indicators of the use of rolling stock. For example, the cargo work is used to determine the turnover of the car, the car-axes-kilometers-flight, the average daily run, train composition.

The dependence of expenses from the average transportation range under the conditions of the main railway transport is detected by direct accounting and distribution of the costs between the initial-finite and movable operations of the transportation process. To distribute costs, there is a separate account for the necessary meters of operation of rolling stock, fuel consumption and electricity for traction. In the network and road statements separately records the work of train and maneuver locomotives. Together with the detailed accounting of the main cost of transportation, this makes it possible to produce an appropriate analysis.

For pactor analysis and expense planning in railway farms, information on the reporting and planning values \u200b\u200bof transportation costs, cost of cost calculation, information about the degree of implementation of the plan for the volume of transportation (including external, internal and special), data on the magnitude of the mobile meters The composition (locomotive-hours, car day), its level of use, a number of information that should be reported in the form of certificates of services (plots) and districts.

In oil refining plants, technological installations usually work continuously with uniform loads. For each calendar period (month, quarter, year), it is planned for the number of days and stops for planned-preventive repair. Violation of the work schedule may occur due to interruptions in the supply of raw materials, non-volatile composition for the export of products and accidents. When analyzing the rhythm of the plant, the work of each installation should be considered, paying particular attention to the stops due to accidents.

Accounting for the use of rolling stock on the access ways of industrial enterprises is the most important factor for analyzing the transport service of the enterprise, the work of the railway workshop and the production of measures to reduce the transport costs for the production of products.

Reducing the time of finding wagons under cargo operations leads to acceleration of the turnover of the wagon. Improving the use of the capacity and capacity of cars through the use of rational ways to place goods in them makes it possible to transport more goods to the same fleet of cars and a smaller number of trains. This creates real prerequisites for reducing transport costs, reduce costs and increase productivity. Therefore, the selection of options for organizing loading and unloading work and the design of regulatory materials should be carried out particularly thoroughly based on a comprehensive analysis of production capabilities, the use of advanced techniques and methods of labor during loading and unloading of each cargo, the use of progressive technology and rational ways to load rolling stock, establishing a clear interaction of all links of the loading or unloading process, etc.

For example, in the practice of the work of motor transport enterprises, the coefficient of use of the carrying capacity is not calculated taking into account the types of goods and the type of rolling stock used for their transportation, and they take its average value over the tariff director. This most allowed significant inaccuracy in planning and analysis. First, it should be firmly remembered that a class of a cargo is determined by the magnitude of the utilization factor. and not vice versa.

On the average length of ride with cargo significantly affects the carrying capacity of rolling stock. When working with heavy loading cars at long distances, the average length of the ride with a load is less than the average transportation distance of 1 tons of cargo, and vice versa, when working at shorter distances, the average length of the ride is more than the average transportation distance of 1 t. In order not to be mistaken in the calculations, both in the preparation of the plan and when analyzing the operation of a motor transport enterprise, it is necessary to remember the following if in the calculations use the value of the average transportation distance of 1 tons of cargo, then in all calculations, where it is required, it is necessary to take the nominal capacity of the rolling stock and the coefficient Static use of lifting capacity If you use the value of the average length of ride with a load, you should take the nominal loading capacity and the dynamic utility utilization factor.

Increasing the cost of improving conditions for carrying out maintenance, repair and storage of rolling stock creates prerequisites for improving the quality of maintenance and repair of rolling stock and the growth of technical readiness and production of vehicles on line. How these capabilities were used, should show the analysis of the balance of car-days, as well as the analysis of the implementation of the Maintenance and Repair Plan.

The deviation of the percentage of the use of materials in one direction or another of 100% is caused by numerous causes by changing the list of car park, the structure of the automotive park, the degree of using the rolling stock for work on the line, the average daily mileage, the change in fuel consumption and materials, and the costs of the fuel consumption and materials, etc. The analysis steps should help identify how materials were used and what reasons were the deviations of reporting data from the planned.

With d), it is possible to evaluate the operation of the operation of the operation of various ATPs, that is, to compare the level of organization of the transport process for a wide variety of working conditions. This is the meaning of the penultimate stage of economically -state analysis - comparing the activities of individual units. Moreover, you should always link the quantitative change in all indicators with the material interest of fulfilling the increased norm by each member of the team, the company as a whole. This largely contributes and obliges a new planning system and economic stimulation. Enterprises began to work steady, rhythmically. Principles stated in economic reform immeasurably increased the interest of each member of the team in the results of the activities of their company. The increased material interest of employees in the performance of the enterprise increases their responsibility for the performance of tasks, contributes to the strengthening and improvement of the intra-economic calculation in columns and in all ATP units. Cargo flows are more closely and more detailed, the organization of the transport process, maintenance and repair of rolling stock is being improved, various forms of daily publicity of operational accounting, income, expenses and

The considered examples show that the analysis and economic assessment of any event to improve the use of rolling stock or permanent devices on the scale of the railway section or network as a whole cannot be made isolated on individual units of the transportation process. It is necessary to consider any change in the individual level of operational work in connection with the entire transportation cycle.

In the first case, the growth of transportation within cash through the stable qualitative indicators of the use of rolling stock and norms is considered. It is required to determine only the change in costs that will be reflected in the annual report of this year. In this case, some traffic dependent expenses, namely those that will be made after a certain period outside of this year, will not change and, therefore, will fall into the independent of movement. So, with an increase in the volume of traffic, wear of the upper structure of the path increases and the service life of the sleeper and other materials of the upper structure decreases. However, the program of a single change of the pre-building of the path for this year, the expenses associated with the change of these materials are not revised, and the costs associated with the change of these materials are not revised and the costs associated with the change of these materials are not changed. An increase or decrease in these costs associated with a change in the work of this year will be reflected in subsequent years. The magnitude of the expenses independent of the movement during solving the tasks of this nature ranges on roads ranging from 55 to 65% of the total amount of operating costs (annual analysis).

Described Outcasts, winners and explanations to them are not covered by the entire complex of issues related to planning and analyzing the work of the auto transportation enterprise. However, the proposed nomograms, theory and practical tips on their construction will contribute to the improvement of the existing planning and analysis system, the rationing of the use of technical means will enhance the profitability of the rolling stock of road transport.

Thus, when overfulfilling a turnover plan for a 2.9% plan for gross tonne-kilometers in a cargo movement is exceeded by 4.7%, train-kelo meters by 3.0%. Thus, the operation of rolling stock is exceeded in a larger size than a turnover plan, which causes additional unnecessary operational costs. As a more detailed analysis showed, this situation was as a result of the fact that the operational ton-kilometer plan was exceeded in a larger size than on tariff. The gap between the operational tariff ton-kilometers increased to 4.57% instead of 3.8 according to plan. As a result, the road performed extra operational ton-kilometers in an amount of 5,172 million to determine the excessive work in the gross ton-kilometers, it is necessary to set the planned coefficient of gross and multiply unnecessary operational ton-kilometers on it. This coefficient on the road under consideration is 157 937 93 650 \u003d 1.66. Consequently, the excessive operation of the rolling stock was 5,172-1.66 \u003d 8585 million TCM gross. Excessive train-kilometers are defined as the private from dividing unnecessary ton-kilometers of gross (8,585 million) on the middle weight of the gross cargo train (2,515 tons). In a nide example, they will be 3,413 thousand. Excessive mileage of cars is respectively determined by the division of excessive operating tone-kilometers (5,172 million) on the dynamic load on the car of the operating park car (8,87). In our example, it is equal to 594,400 thousand cars-axes-kilometers.

Before proceeding to a detailed analysis of the implementation of the transportation plan, it should be checked which organizational and technical measures to better use rolling stock (the use of trailers, mechanization of loading and unloading works, a decrease in cargo miles without cargo, elimination of non-production losses, etc.) scheduled for implementation in the analyzed period, and which are not fulfilled.

Characteristic of work. Regeneration and fine cleaning of spent oils. Regeneration of detection brushes and lubricants for rolling stock beverages. Acetone regeneration by evaporation method. Selecting the equipment scheme, the necessary materials and the establishment of the cleaning mode and oil regeneration, depending on the degree of contamination and aging of the oil. The establishment of a silica-gel drying mode, whitening land, active aluminum oxide before loading them into the instrument. Determining the quality of oil without oil analysis. Conducting abbreviated physico-chemical oil analysis. Determining the degree of oil reduction. Improving the operational properties of oils by introducing additives and mixing. Cleaning oils in devices under electrical voltage. Centrifugation of oils vacuum centrifuger. Wash oil with water. Steam heating oil and drying it under vacuum with spraying. Test transformer oil on the breakdown. Start and adjustment of oil-telny cars, apparatuses and participation in their repair.

The Technical Planning and Transport Regulation section contains the basic data on the development of a technical plan for departments, roads and networks as a whole, including calculations of the most important quantitative and qualitative indicators of the use of rolling stock, materials on the regulation of loading of transportation and operational planning of the Psetnaya and cargo work of offices and Roads. Especially highlighted in this section questions of the dispatch management movement of trains and analyzing operational work.

Analysis of the fleet of vehicles of the enterprise and the quality of services provided. Resource needs

2.2 Main technical and performance indicators

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2.1 SWOT Analysis of the Park of Vehicles of the Enterprise and Quality of Services

2.2 Activities for improving the production and technical base and the calculation of the performance of rolling stock

2.3 Choosing a route track

2.4 Development of a rational transport and technological scheme of cargo delivery

2.5 Choosing the optimal type of vehicle

2.6 Calculation of TEP on the selected route

2.7 Calculation of resource requirements

2.7.1 Calculation of the needs of capital investments in the rolling stock and material and technical base at

2.7.2 Calculation of labor resources

2.8 Safety in the organization of the transport process

1 . Analytical part

1 .1 Brief history of the enterprise

transportation Economic Risk Competitiveness

S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" was registered 02.05.1995 the Registration Chamber of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Moldova under No. MD0004779.

Legal address: Republic of Moldova

Keerash.

ul. Alexander Cu Bun.22.

Fiscal code: 1002609000390

1. 2 Main activities Enterprise

The main activity of S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" is:

Design and construction of roads.

Production process S.R.L. Nirom-Roz is in the construction of highways.

The structure of transportation is very diverse. The main types of cargo that transports the rolling stock S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" bulk cargo. The predominance in the structure transported by building materials.

Efficiency of local transportation of goods S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" is to ensure the delivery of cargo "from the door of the sender to the recipient door" that is, to a construction site and in fairly short time.

1. 3 Mission and goals of the enterprise

The Mission of the company S.R.L "NIROM-ROZ" is: road construction, road repair, bridges and other construction objects and ensuring their structures.

1. 4 Production and technical base of the enterprise

The basis of the production and technical base of any motor transport organization is the main production funds consisting of the active part (rolling stock and the passive part (building, structures, industrial equipment, equipment, etc.).

Data on the list of rolling stock, which has S.R.L. "Nirom-Roz" are presented in Table 1.

Table1 - Structure Movable composition B.S.R.. L.. « Nirom- Roz.» for 200.9 year

Table 2.11 Production program for repair and repairj.composition

Periodicity

EO

TO-1.

LEO

L1.

kM

kM

kM

536,4

1250

Statutors of labor intensity

EO

TO-1.

TO-2

TNEO

TN1.

Tn2.

cher.ch.

cher.ch.

cher.ch.

0,3

3,4

13,8

Number by type

EO

TO-1.

NEO

N1.

units.

units.

1303,1

559,2

Adjusted standard consumption standards

EO

TO-1.

TO-2

TNEO

TN1.

Tn2.

cher.ch.

cher.ch.

cher.ch.

0,276

3,128

12,696

Labor intensity