Evernet electronic door lock. Electronic locks for the entrance door Electronic locking device for doors

Read in the review which electronic lock is worth buying and how to install it. Among the many smart locks on the front door, there are both overhead and mortise locks. Nowadays, electronic locks are becoming more and more popular. A metal key is, of course, good, but it is much more convenient to do without it, using your finger or at least a smartphone to open the lock. In short, let's talk about smart electronic locks in a little more detail.

What are the electronic locks

In fact, electronic locks began to appear on store shelves for a long time. Initially, they were opened exclusively after entering the PIN-code, but now there are much more interesting models. Most often they are distinguished by the method of discovery:

• Electronic lock with NFC or RDIF card - opens using a smartphone that has a corresponding chip. However, along with the lock, NFC tags can be supplied, similar to the key for an intercom - you can use them to open the lock.
• Electronic biometric lock - has a fingerprint scanner. His memory may contain patterns on the fingers of several people at once, which allows numerous employees to use the lock outside the door of the room. Companies known to your ear began to produce similar locks - for example, several models were produced by Samsung.

Also, the locks differ in the installation method. Not particularly expensive models can be of the overhead type. Such a lock can be broken, especially if the intruders are tasked with entering the premises at any cost. A mortise smart lock is much more reliable, but it is also more difficult to install.

Many smart electronic door locks have a numeric keypad, i.e. are code... This means that you can open them in the usual way - by typing the appropriate code. Some models are also capable of boasting a microphone, which allows you to talk to a person in the room. In a word, a smart lock is in fact an improvement on the traditional intercom, which is used by many of the readers of our site.

The best overhead smart electronic locks

H-Gang Guardian TR610 coded electronic lock with touch keypad

A fairly inexpensive electronic lock is H-Gang Guardian TR610... This device has an elegant design and a touch keyboard occupies most of its front panel. You will only need to enter the code if you have lost an RDIF card, the area to be applied to is under the keys.

The above-mentioned lock was made in South Korea. It's difficult to find fault with its quality - such a product is unlikely to be easily snatched out of the door by some hooligan. The smart lock is powered by a set of four "finger" batteries. The batteries need to be replaced only once a year (with a mode of use of 10 door openings per day). The low cost of the device did not allow the manufacturer to implement any additional functions.

For example, there is neither an infrared presence sensor nor an information display. A maximum of one hundred cards are allowed to register in memory. But most of all disappointing is the fact that this castle is not recommended to be placed on the street - it is afraid of rain. However, some buyers still decide to experiment, protecting the electronic door lock with a visor.

It remains to add that the code for this lock must be at least five digits. Interestingly, there can be several passwords too - up to four.

H-Gang Guardian TR811 with Fingerprint Reader

Already a little more complex and interesting is the patch lock H-Gang Guardian TR811... It uses a similar design, with the touch keyboard also taking up most of the bezel. However, a small touch pad can be found near this castle. It is used to scan a fingerprint. Therefore, this is one of the most inexpensive biometric locks. In total, the electronic "brains" of this model can contain up to one hundred prints.

Of course, such a lock can also be opened by entering a code, which must contain from 4 to 12 digits. Up to four passwords can be registered in total. It is impossible to open the entrance lock for a door with an imprint mechanically or with any card. Of the interesting additional functions, only the fire detection sensor can be distinguished here.

In the manufacture of the device used aluminum, zinc and ABS plastic. The manufacturer does not recommend putting his creation on a door located on the street. However, if there is a visor above the door, then it is quite possible to take a risk, as is the case with the previous model considered. Four AA-size batteries are used as power sources, which will have to be changed about once a year. By the way, if there is an unauthorized attempt to open the lock, a siren with a volume of 80 dB starts to sound.

Electronic invisible lock Unitouch Hilever ATCT-702

Some overhead electronic locks are also hidden. In particular, this is able to boast Unitouch Hilever ATCT-702... The manufacturer got a kind of invisible lock. A person approaching the door will not be able to understand how it can be opened. In fact, everything is very simple - near the door you need to press the corresponding button located on the tiny remote control.

The lock is supplied with two radio frequency remotes, but in addition eight more such “keys” can be registered in the memory. The device is made of aluminum and zinc, so nothing will happen to it, no matter what kind of precipitation occurs outside. The castle also included a siren with a volume of 80 dB.

The main disadvantage of the invisible lock is its high power consumption. Four AA batteries to provide power will last only 8 months with just five door openings a day.

The best mortise smart locks

Samsung SHS-P718 - smart multifunctional lock

South Korean creation called Samsung SHS-P718 resembles an intercom. However, in fact, this is a full-fledged smart lock on the front door, which is unlikely to be damaged even by the toughest vandals. At the bottom of this lock is an elegant handle to make opening the door easy. The upper part is home to the touch keyboard. The lock code must be 5 to 12 digits long. But it is much easier to open a smart home lock with an RF card. It has a standard type, in total 31 cards can be registered. If suddenly they try to open the lock with the wrong card, a very loud siren will sound.

But the lock would not be so expensive if it could only be opened with an ID card or password. The South Korean manufacturer has introduced a biometric scanner into its creation - it is hidden in the upper part of the front panel, under a protective cover. A total of 100 prints can be stored in memory. Interestingly, even double authentication is supported here. This means that you can program the lock to open only after the person has dialed the code and put his finger on the sensor. This ensures maximum protection against illegal entry into the facility!

You can also open this lock from the remote control. However, this is not included in the kit - it must be ordered separately. As for the assembly of the fingerprint lock, it turned out to be of the highest quality. In terms of security, the device is similar to the previous reviewed instances. This means that there is no need to put a lock on the street if there is no visor above the door. It is curious that a fire detection sensor is built into the product. Additional security measures have not bothered anyone yet!

The operation of the lock is provided by a set of eight AA batteries. This should be enough for a year, if the door is opened no more than ten times a day.

Smart electronic lock from Xiaomi - Aqara ZigBee Smart Door Lock

In our articles, we often mention Xiaomi products. This Chinese company in last years produces a variety of electronic devices. For some time now, even a smart lock has appeared in its assortment, which received the name. It exists in several versions - the place for installing the lock (right or left side of the door), as well as the color of the case, differ. It should be noted that the Xiaomi smart lock is a mortise lock. However, the installation can be called simplified - in the supplied box you will surely find instructions with a template for insertion. Also, the lock is supplemented with a rectangular handle - you no longer need to put it on the door.

As expected, the lock has a numeric keypad - its symbols can glow, which greatly simplifies the code entry in the dark. However, usually such a lock is bought in order to use its fingerprint scanner. Please note: the sensor is made on a semiconductor, and not optical technology... This means that he is definitely not wrong.

The Aqara lock is really smart. He even understands bogus passwords. That is, you can enter a longer combination, which contains the correct code - the lock will definitely open. This is necessary for those cases when someone is standing next to you - it is unlikely that he will be able to remember a very long combination.

One cannot but mention the support of the application. All information related to your castle will be collected here. In particular, the program will warn that someone has entered the wrong code more than three times or applies a finger to the scanner whose fingerprint is not in the database. It also contains the entire history of operations. Finally, using the application, you can block the key card if it is lost.

Perhaps this is one of the best electronic locks in our selection. But if you are used to the fact that Xiaomi products are sold at a very low price, then you will have to be disappointed. For this model, they ask for almost 20 thousand rubles. However, analogues from more reputable companies with similar capabilities are even more expensive.

Best Koogeek Smart Fingerprint Lock Apple HomeKit Padlock (L3)

In our selection, we could not fail to mention the Koogeek Smart Fingerprint Lock Apple HomeKit (L3). This is a unique creation that does not belong to either of the above two categories. The thing is, this fingerprint lock is a collar!

Such locks are now used to protect garages or some other similar premises. However, this model has a relatively small size and less tolerance to frost than its mechanical counterparts. This allows us to conclude that such a lock is needed only for short-term use. They can attach a bicycle so that later you do not waste time fiddling with the keys. Or, you can protect some casket or door of a piece of furniture with it.

To open the lock, you need to put your finger on the corresponding sensor. Interestingly, this model supports the iOS operating system with its voice assistant Siri. This means that you will be warned that an unauthorized person puts his finger on the scanner. You can also give Siri a voice command to open the lock - in some cases, this is even more convenient than scanning a fingerprint.

This smart lock can be used by different people - in total, 50 prints can be stored in its memory. The application stores 100 records of the latest unlocks - such a story can be very useful. The lock is powered by a built-in battery. And it works for a long time - a full charge is enough for about a year, to the extent of regular use of the castle. A micro-USB port is used to connect the charger.

It remains to be regretted that the lock is not waterproof. Light rain is unlikely to cause problems with the insides, but a fingerprint scan at this point may not happen on the first try. Also disadvantages include the fact that there is no satellite application on the Android operating system.

Conclusion

Now you know about the existence of smart electronic locks. Moreover, you have met the best models. It seems that you can easily choose a suitable copy for yourself. It remains only to decide on the amount for which you are willing to be generous.

The number of unauthorized entry into homes is growing steadily around the world. And the reason is not that the locking devices on the front doors are unreliable, but that they have not yet invented such locks that cannot be opened. Only some of them can be broken in a matter of minutes (the intruders studied locks with keyholes up and down), while others hold for hours (electronic locking devices). Therefore, the electronic lock on the front door to the apartment is becoming more and more popular.

The first electronic locks appeared on safes. Initially, they were an addition to mechanical locking devices, and then became an independent system for protecting the contents of a fireproof cabinet.

The next stage in the development of electronic locks is associated with the delimitation of employee access to office offices. They solved several problems at once:

• eradicated employee tardiness for work;
• prevented chaotic walking around the premises of the firm (organization);
• gave managers information about the location of the employee at any given time.

The successful experience of offices and institutions has been carried over to residential buildings. Initially, the installation of an electronic lock on the entrance door of the entrances began, then apartments and houses. Such a locking device is much more effective than mechanical counterparts: it is more difficult to open and easier to handle.

At the same time, a new type of lock, like a mechanical analogue, can be installed on a metal and wooden door, be mortise and overhead.

General principle of the electronic lock

In mechanical locking devices, the deadbolt is moved with a key. This happens when the notches in the English key coincide with the pins (pins) in the lock cylinder or key beard with levers.

In electronic locks, doors are closed / opened using electronic keys. Each of them has its own unique ID-code, which is read by a special device in the lock (experts call it a "reader") and transmitted to an electronic device called a "controller". If the received code is stored in the controller's memory, the lock will open.

For information: the keys issued in the kit for the electronic lock are entered into the controller's memory. If you lose a "tablet" or card, buy new ones, the controller is reprogrammed, since it is impossible to reproduce an electronic key with the same code.

The door is unlocked with electricity (usually 12V DC), which is supplied to a small electric motor, power supply or inductor (selenoid) (in some cases, on the contrary, the coil is de-energized).

In the first case, when using an electric motor, the engine moves the crossbar when energized by means of a gearbox. In this type of locks, powerful bolts can be used - the power of the electric motor is enough to move them. If desired, you can install several crossbars, each with a motor with one control unit. The programming of the block allows in certain situations to use not the entire arsenal of crossbars, but one or several.

Electric locking locks consist of powerful springs, power supplies. When energy is supplied to the locking device, the latch releases the bolt, as a result of which the handle can be pulled into the lock - the door will open. Taking into account the constant influence of the springs on the metal of the crossbar, it is covered with carbide pads.

Selenoid Locks operate on the same principle as the starter solenoid relay. When electricity is supplied, the voltage coil is excited, as a result of which a magnetic field is created inside the selenoid, which draws in the bolt.

There are locks with exactly the opposite action: they are constantly energized, as a result of which the selenoid creates a magnetic field on the so-called ferromagnetic yoke, which keeps the door closed.

In order to open it, it is necessary to de-energize the lock for a while. This version of electronic locking devices is ideal for entrance doors of entrances, when the power supply is lost - the door will be automatically unlocked. Selenoid locks are durable and lightning fast.

Types of electronic locks

On the shelves of hardware stores, you can see many types of electronic locks. They differ among themselves not only design features and the method of supplying a coded signal to the electronic unit (type of key), but also the level of reliability (degree of protection against hacking), as well as the price, which has a very large range.

All types of locks can be classified according to the following parameters:

• the principle of action (sometimes called by the method of control);
• constructions;
• place of installation;
• kind of key.

By the principle of action

The peculiarities of the various rooms where electronic locks are installed forced manufacturers to produce locking devices of two types:

• normally closed;
• normally open.

Normally closed. An apartment, a room with material values \u200b\u200b(warehouse, bank, museum, etc.), a safe must be protected from intruders at any time, even if the power supply to the electronic block of the lock is cut off. Such locks are called "normally closed". The door can be opened only with a short voltage supply to the lock.

Normally open. A completely different situation, for example, with the entrance doors of an entrance, hospital, school and other public premises. Here, for safety reasons, when the power supply is cut off (during an accident), the door must be open so that residents, students, patients or visitors can get out of the building.

Therefore, "normally open" doors are blocked only when the coil is energized, ie. with constant current supply. The door can only be opened by temporarily interrupting the electrical circuit. Naturally, it makes no sense to put such locks in apartments - it is enough to stop the power supply in one way or another and the path is open.

Type of construction

Three systems of the locking device are structurally distinguished:

• electromotor (motor, electromechanical);
• magnetic crossbars (electroblocking, electric crossbar);
• electromagnetic (magnetic, selenoid).

Attention: in the materials posted on the Internet, the authors do not have a single approach to the classification of electronic locks by design. Therefore, visitors often cannot understand what is at stake in a particular case. To fill this gap, the work has collected all possible terms and ordered.

Electromotor. Already from the name it is clear that an electric motor serves as a drive for the crossbars. It can be put into operation only by supplying power, which happens after comparing the key code with the combinations of numbers recorded in the controller's memory.

The door can be in the open position for a short time, after which, under the influence of the springs, the bolts return to the closed position. Therefore, such doors must be opened almost immediately after the motor is triggered. The doors are slammed and transferred to the closed position automatically, thanks to the beveled crossbars.

Magnetic transom. Magnetic latch locks have an inductor instead of a motor. It works in two ways:

• when voltage is applied, the bolt (due to the magnetic field) is pulled into the selenoid - the door opens;
• when energized, the inductor creates a magnetic field, which removes the latch from the bolt - the door can be opened and closed with a door handle.

Electromagnetic. Due to the constant supply of power to the selenoid, the latter creates a very strong magnetic field on the ferrite plate, which literally sticks to the other part of the lock installed on the door leaf. The door can be opened only in one case - to interrupt the power supply.

Place of installation

Depending on where the lock is installed, it can be:

• invoice;
• mortise.

Overhead. Surface locks are installed inside the room on the door leaf, and the strip, which includes the crossbars, is attached to the top of the door frame. They are mainly installed on wooden doors (it is more difficult to attach to steel sheet).

Mortise. Distinctive feature a mortise lock is that its body is completely hidden inside the door leaf. This is the most durable type of locking device. May belong to any type of classification given in this work.

Key view

By the type of key, all electronic locking devices are divided into coded, digital, photo-optical and biometric locks.

Code. In combination locks, a 64-bit ID-code is inserted into the keys, which is entered into the controller's memory. If the code matches, the door opens. The key can be a "pill" or a key fob with a special chip inside (microcircuit) or an RFID card (Radio Frequency Identification) also with an electronic chip and a small antenna.

All chips have a unique code. Therefore, you cannot find two electronic keys with the same combination of numbers. In order for the key to open the door, the owner of the room or, in extreme cases, a specialist must enter the code of each key into the controller's memory, and not one, as often happens in practice.

Digital. A panel with a remote control is installed on the outer side of the door. Dialing a certain combination of numbers (code) allows you to open the door - this is a classic option. In more complex types of digital locks, in addition to the digital block, controllers for working with magnetic cards (combination with combination locks) and a keyhole for a mechanical key can be installed.

The advantages of combined locks include the ability to open the door in any way possible and instantly block the locking device when trying to break the lock through the borehole for a mechanical key. There is one minus, but a significant one - a high probability of intruders spying on the digital code.

Photo-optical. Electronic locks with key optics are gradually disappearing from the market. Here the lock is opened by a light wave of a certain length, emitted by the remote control.

Biometric. This type of electronic locks is classified as smart. They have a scanner installed that reads the print of one or more fingers of the hand or the retina of the eye. The controller can store up to 10 matrices (people) that can open the lock.

Electronic lock with a scanner (works by fingerprint).

Voice scanning is also practiced. Opening such locks is almost impossible. They are usually installed on armored doors in apartments with valuables (collections, large amounts of cash or a large amount of jewelry). Additional types of keys are excluded.

The advantage of such a lock is that all attempts to open the lock are recorded, which allows you to see not only legitimate, but also unauthorized attempts to get inside the room.

Popular manufacturers and models of electronic locks

The main suppliers of electronic locks are ASSA ABLOY (Sweden), Allegion (Ireland), Dorma + Kaba (Switzerland), Samsung (South Korea), Salto Systems (Spain), Cansec Systems (Canada), as well as several companies from the USA (Spectrum Brands , Onity, Master Castle). There are some successful models from manufacturers from Slovenia, Italy, Turkey.

Among the models of electronic locks in the top five (in the world) are:

Samsung SHS-P718 with card, remote control and scanner - South Korean combined electronic lock. It opens in three possible ways, but there can only be two in a combination:

• digital - the keypad can be programmed with a code from 5 to 12 digits;
• coded - an RFID card is used (the controller can memorize 31 ID-codes);
• biometric - by fingerprints.

The cost of such a castle starts from 44.0 thousand rubles.

Z-wave dana lock - suitable for almost all doors. Its peculiarity is that it is installed instead of the cylinder lock cylinder - the locking mechanism (lock body and crossbars) remains the same. The castle costs in the range of 12.0-17.0 thousand rubles.

Kewo kwikset - smart lock with bells and whistles: works not only with traditional electronic keysbut also with a smartphone. This lock has one feature - if urgently needed, you can open it with a simple key. It costs in the range of 12.0-14.0 thousand rubles. (on Amazon - $ 200). There are no dealers in Russia, so you can buy only on the Internet;

Goji Smart Lock - installed on the keyhole, blocking access to it from the outside. At the same time, if necessary, you can return to the previous method in the event of an emergency situation and open the door with a simple key (the outer part of the lock swings open, opening the keyhole). Interacts with both electronic keys and a smartphone. Additional features include:

• sound notification when the code does not match;
• the opportunity to take a picture and leave a sound message to the owner when no one is at home;
• keeping a record of visits by keys.

Costs from 18.0 thousand rubles. (on the internet it costs approximately $ 278).

Lockitron - installed over the crossbar lock. Owners are identified via Bluetooth from a smartphone. The uniqueness is that the lock is constantly open when the smartphone is within a radius of 10 m. When you move away from the lock, it automatically closes. It can work over a secure Wi-Fi protocol with a tablet at the entered E-mail address. Such a castle costs about 12.0 thousand rubles.

Which one is better to choose

Manufacturers of electronic locks regularly bring new items to the market. There is no way to keep up with them, just as there is no way to recommend a specific model for an apartment. There are many nuances here. Therefore, let's go from the opposite and consider those elements in the design of the castle that are undesirable for the front door of an apartment or private house.

1. It is better to give up the digital electromechanical lock on the front door. There are two reasons for this:

• you can forget the combination of numbers;
• attackers can spy on the code. Moreover, they will not necessarily stand behind the owner. For this, there are miniature cameras that can be installed unnoticed by the owner of the apartment.

Conclusion: digital locks are most of all focused on internal doors of offices and service premises.

2. Biometric locks are very expensive. Therefore, they are placed mainly in apartments where there is something to protect: precious metals, currency, jewelry, various expensive private collections.

3. It is better to abandon modern bells and whistles that allow you to open the door from a smartphone (SMS messages, calls, mobile applications) via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. After all, today there is no need to be a hacker to enter home network or access a router (Wi-Fi router). It is necessary to acquire simpler locks, which does not mean more primitive.

Conclusion: an increase in the number of lock control options proportionally reduces the reliability of the electronic locking device.

4. People say that "the greedy pays twice, the fool three times." This fully applies to electronic locks. All versions of electronic locks costing less than 2.0-3.0 thousand rubles. the main function is not to protect the premises from illegal entry, but to control access.

Such locks have a weak point of the crossbar - shiny, beautiful, but made of fragile silumin (an alloy of aluminum with silicon). therefore cheap locks are not even worth considering.

5. The electromagnetic lock on the front door to the apartment must be controlled "Always closed"to prevent the door from being unlocked when the power supply is cut off.

Observing the above recommendations, you can always choose the most optimal version of the lock for yourself. To make it easier to navigate, we present the most popular types of locks at the beginning of 2019 in Russia (does not coincide with world trends):

• aTIS LOCK electronic lock on contact keys (key fob), electromagnetic and mechanical drive (you can open and close with a simple key), invoice, costing from 4.0 thousand rubles;
• electronic lock ATIS AM 280 on key fobs (radio key), electromagnetic drive, mortise, price from 4.0 thousand rubles;
• magnetic crossbar lock AB700A on key fobs (radio key), electromagnetic drive, mortise, price from 4.2 thousand rubles;
• electromechanical motor lock "Dori-4" Classic, invoice, digital, the cost starts from 9.0 thousand rubles.

How is the installation of overhead locks

Despite the seeming complexity, electronic locks are quite easy to install on your own. All work can be divided into three stages:

1. purchase the necessary materials and tools;
2. make markup;
3. install the lock.

Materials and tools

To put an electronic combination lock on the front door, you must have:

• electronic locking device;
• electric drill or screwdriver with a set of drills;
• phillips screwdriver or matching screwdriver bits
• roulette;
• square;
• marker or construction pencil.

Markup

With the help of a tape measure, a square and a pencil, the location of the lock is determined, as well as the location of the fasteners. For this:

1. at a distance of about 1 m from the floor, it is necessary to mark with a pencil;
2. then mark the location of the lock body and its fasteners on the door leaf, as well as the place where the reader passes through the door leaf (the process can be greatly facilitated: attach the lock to the door and circle it with a pencil);
3. drill holes for fasteners (the drill should be slightly smaller in diameter than the fastening screws);
4. drill a through hole for the reader wires (it can be located anywhere - the main thing is that there is enough wire length);
5. fix the body;
6. mark the strip on the door frame, including marking the places for the mounting bolts;
7. drill with a screwdriver or electric drill holes for fastening the strip;
8. set the bar;
9. check the movement of the bolts or the locking tab towards the inside of the strip. If the movement is difficult (they cling to the box or bar), the installed body or bar is adjusted.

Installing a patch lock

The most difficult stage is installation. It involves not mounting the body on the door, but assembling the elements of the lock into a single whole. Knowing a few simple rules will help here:

• the reader is mounted on the outside of the door. Fastened anywhere, but in such a way that the length of the wires is enough for the electronic block of the lock. Twisting (lengthening) is strictly prohibited;
• all wires are placed in corrugated polyethylene tubes to avoid the influence of high humidity and accidental mechanical stress;
• the control unit is placed according to the scheme specified in the instructions. Depending on the lock model, the block can be in the lock body or next to the adapter (adapter - current converter);
• the controller is programmed strictly according to the instructions.

How is the installation of mortise locks

Putting a mortise lock on a new door is more difficult than installing a delivery note. But if a mechanical lock is replaced with an electronic one, everything is much simpler.

Let's consider the most difficult option. Here the work algorithm is as follows:

1. the door leaf is removed from the hinges and placed on the edge, with the end with the lock up;
2. a recess for the lock body is marked - should be 2-3 mm larger;
3. a recess is selected with a chisel and an electric drill (for metal doors you need a grinder and metal drills with a victorious tip);
4. the place of installation of the reading mechanism is determined;
5. a hole is drilled for the wiring from the reader;
6. the connection is made according to the scheme given in the instructions (if it is not there, everything can be found on the Internet on the manufacturers' websites).

Pros and cons of using electronic locks

The transition from mechanical to electronic locking devices is due to the indisputable advantages of the latter:

• more reliable: difficult to open - there is no keyhole for lock picks, and selection of the code is unlikely. It is generally impossible to open biometric locks - you can only break it with the help of physical force; have several levels of protection; difficult to hack - it is impossible to determine the location of the crossbars from the outside; the service life of the latest generation models is 2-3 times higher than that of a mechanical analogue (microcircuits were a weak point in previously produced electronic locks); almost all models are blocked by unauthorized opening;
• simple and easy to use;
• open very quickly, and with selenoid - instantly;
• work silently;
• can be installed on any door;
• the key cannot be forged, and if a tablet or card is lost, their code is simply removed from the controller's memory;
• almost all models can be assembled by hand;
• re- and programming of the controller is available to persons who have primary skills in handling electronic gadgets (smartphones or tablets), which allows the owners to carry out such work with their own hands;
• electronic locks can be linked to mobile phone, which will simplify the process of opening doors;

• remote opening;
• easy unlocking in the event of force majeure.

In addition to strengths, electronic locks also have disadvantages:

• rather high cost of the castle itself (some types reach 60.0-80.0 thousand rubles) and its installation, if involved specialized organizationsas well as operation;
• the dependence of electronics on the availability, as well as, importantly, on the quality of electricity;
• low resistance of microcircuits to temperature drops and high humidity;
• in many lock models, when the door is open, bolts stick out from the end of the door leaf, which often cling to and damage clothing.

Conclusion

The sale of electronic locks in the world is growing steadily. In Russia, the deterrent factors are:

• high price of the product, compared to mechanical locks;
• lack of confidence in the reliability of electronic locking devices, which will pass over time;
• lack of knowledge about functionality "Smart" locks.

The current trend can only be changed by active educational activities and lower prices for products.

When organizing the protection of computer information, it is important to ensure the integrity of the protection system.

In general, threats to transfer the protection system software to a passive state can be classified as follows:

• - the threat of loading the system without protection mechanisms (loading the OS without fully or partially protection system);
• - the threat of transferring protection mechanisms (or the protection system as a whole) into a passive state during the operation of the protected object;
• - if for the purpose of additional protection a hardware component is used (monitoring the activity of the protection system software), then an additional threat appears - the threat of removing the protection system equipment (hardware component) in order to subsequently transfer the protection system software to a passive state using one of the above methods.

As before, these threats can be classified as overt and covert. Latent threats can be implemented using the intruder's own programs, as well as using errors and bookmarks in the software. A generalized classification of threats to transfer the protection system software to a passive state is shown in Fig. 4.2.

Figure: 4.2.

Consider these threat groups for Windows operating systems. The threat of loading the system without protection mechanisms (on the assumption that the protection system is launched as a service when the OS starts) is associated with the following capabilities:

• - booting the system from alternative media,for example, from a floppy disk. In this case, since the OS, as a service of which the protection system should be launched, is not loaded from the hard disk, the protection system is not loaded;
(e.g. Safe Mode for Windows OS), or in another mode, for example, in DOS.In this case, you can block the loading of drivers (basic protection mechanisms), i.e. load the system with stripped-down functions. This is not a problem for the built-in OS mechanisms - the built-in protection system will not allow them to be disabled, but it is critical for additional protection mechanisms, since for the OS, drivers and application tools for additional protection are external tools. Therefore, it does not provide counteraction to their possible shutdown. Here, we note that the fundamental difference between booting in safe mode for UNIX and Windows (of course, we are considering NT technology) is that for UNIX only a user can perform such a boot rootafter authorization, in Windows OS - any current user after authorization.

According to the method of implementing protection in the case under consideration, two classes of methods can be distinguished:

• - methods that implement software protection;
• - methods that implement hardware protection.

All software protection mechanisms in one way or another are associated with the use or modification of the software protection management tool - BIOS.

BIOS allows you to set different boot modes. In particular, it allows you to specify boot only from the system disk on which the OS is installed. In this case, the protection system is launched as a service (or service). A password can be set to change the specified OS boot method using BIOS.

The following disadvantages are associated with the implementation of protection in this way:

• - it is known to use engineering passwords in a number of BIOS programs - passwords, the input of which, regardless of the password set, allows you to access the settings for the OS boot method;
• - using special programs in Windows OS, BIOS settings can be reset to their initial state, in which the boot sequence, which is critical from the point of view of system protection, is set by default: first of all, boot is performed from the drive. Therefore, if the built-in BIOS authentication mechanism is used to protect the boot, then the protection system must have an active mechanism for ensuring the closure of the software environment, which does not allow the user to launch the BIOS reset program, as well as take other actions to modify the BIOS.

Obviously, there are two possible ways to overcome the disadvantages associated with the use of built-in BIOS user authentication tools, which are used in practice:

• - BIOS expansion by using the original (not built-in) user authorization program when accessing BIOS settings;
• - modification of the BIOS program by truncating the system boot options it provides to the user.

The first approach is implemented using hardware components that are widely used today (in particular, "Electronic locks"). These components are made in the form of special cards installed in a free slot in the computer. The board includes a firmware expansion tool for BIOS functions.

In this case, one of the possible known protection methods is that during boot, the BIOS system is endowed with an additional function implemented by the board - the user authorization function (various hardware keys are often used here to enter a user password).

In this way, "Electronic lock" - This is a hardware component that implements the BIOS extension, designed to block prohibited OS boot options and protect against modification of the PC configuration.

Electronic locks implemented in the Rebus and Secret Net program block external storage media and keyboards before the OS is loaded.