The largest Russian aircraft carrier. The largest aircraft carriers. The history of the creation and development of aircraft carriers

It is good when the ski resort has a chair lift. You just need to net, relax and hold your equipment tightly so that it doesn't accidentally fly down. In fact, this does not happen so rarely. Take a close look, and you will surely begin to notice here and there ski poles lying alone right under the lift.

However, many resorts and smaller lodges are more likely to have drag lifts that require skill from you. It is quite difficult for beginners to master them. But, as they say, to be afraid of a yoke - do not ride on the slopes.

How does a drag lift work?

The installation is a ring system with a tensioned cable. It is supported by supports installed at a distance of about 2 meters from each other. Motors are installed at the lower and upper points. The task of the skier or snowboarder is to grab the tow bar at the start. In theory, everything is simple, but in practice, everyone falls: someone at the beginning of the rise, someone halfway.

Types of drag lifts

Lifts differ in the shape of the boom. There are two main types:

  • Anchor (in common people - "mop").
  • Poppet ("plate").

There are no special differences in practical terms, but it is a little more convenient to climb on the "mop".


How to learn to ride the rope

Without certain riding skills, you should not rush. While climbing on the tow, you still have to keep your balance and watch the road. It is important for skiers to keep their feet together with their toes pointed straight ahead. Snowboarders will not be able to completely relax either. Care must be taken not to catch on the edge and, if necessary, go around small obstacles in the form of stones or bumps.

Snowboarders often get up with one leg strapped on. It should be yours leading leg... The one that is more convenient to "steer". That is, the one that will be in front. However, at first, it is better to master the yoke with two legs fastened to the board, this gives at least more confidence. How do you get to the starting point then? See how other riders do it. Most of them jump funny. To avoid this, you can simply pig the elevator worker to roll you to the desired point.

Do not reach for the yoke, otherwise you may lose your balance. Wait a couple more seconds and grab the barbell only when it is slightly closer than at arm's length. Get ready for a dash. It is at this moment that many lose their balance and fall. If this happens, immediately release the yoke, crawl to the side, and then return to the start. Don't hold on to the "mop" or "plate" as if your life depended on it.

A common mistake is trying to sit on the yoke. You shouldn't do this because it's a tug, not a seat. You don't need to pull the cable either. Just look ahead and keep your balance. You don't need to strain your hands. Hold the barbell with no extra effort.

Snowboarders need to shift the center of gravity slightly to the dominant foot. If you load the rear, the board will begin to unfold, bringing the moment of close encounter of the rider with the snow. You also don't have to try to get on the edge. Ideally, the board should slide flat on the belly.

The US Navy strike aircraft carrier Enterprise (operational code CVN-65) was in many ways the first: the first nuclear-powered ship of this type, the first, albeit the only, representative of Enterprise-class aircraft carriers, the first, i.e. the largest warship ever to exist ...

Construction of the ship began on February 4, 1958 at the shipyard in Newport, launched in September 1960, and was included in the fleet on November 25, 1961. The first combat mission in which Enterprise participated was the blockade of Cuba in 1962 during the Cuban missile crisis.

The Enterprise class aircraft carrier design was a development of the previous KittyHawk class. The cost of construction turned out to be very high - 451 million dollars, which was the reason that more ships of this class were not built.

The hull is smooth-deck, with a one-sided corner deck. The armored flight deck is integrated into the ship's power structure, providing longitudinal hull rigidity. The length of the flight deck is 331 m, the maximum width is 78 m. There are 4 lifts for the delivery of aircraft from the hangar. Up to 43 aircraft can be on the deck simultaneously. Ammunition delivery is handled by 3 lifts.

4 steam catapults are intended for aircraft launch; in pairs in the bow on the corner deck. Gas shields rising behind the catapults protect the deck from hot gases jet engines... The catapult is capable of accelerating SuperHornets up to a speed of 200 km / h in 2 seconds along a hundred-meter runway, with overloads reaching 4g. Using all 4 catapults, the aircraft carrier can launch planes every 15-20 seconds.

Aircraft braking after landing is provided by 4 aerofinishers. If they fail to stop the plane completely, an emergency barrier is provided, which is a lifting net, to prevent it from falling into the water.

The power plant of the ship consists of 8 nuclear reactors. To increase survivability, each 2 reactors operate on a separate propeller shaft with a five-blade 32-ton propeller with a diameter of almost 6.5 m. To increase maneuverability and reduce the radius of the ship's circulation, each propeller is equipped with its own rudder. One refueling with nuclear fuel can last more than 10 years of service.

Using a nuclear facility had several advantages. Firstly, the absence of the need to store a large volume of fuel for the engines made it possible to increase the stock of aviation fuel to more than 9 million liters. Secondly, due to the absence of chimneys and large air shafts, it was possible to reduce the size of the deck superstructure ("islands") and increase the flight deck area by 400 square meters. m, to exclude its smoke. Thirdly, ammunition storage facilities have increased to 2,500 tons.

But there were also disadvantages. A large number of reactors, their size, anti-radiation protection and some other reasons forced to increase the width of the ship's hull, which, in turn, led to an increase in its length to ensure the specified speed characteristics.

Aircraft carrier characteristics:

  • Maximum displacement 93284 tons
  • Length 342 meters
  • Width at the waterline 40.5 meters
  • Maximum width 78.4 meters
  • Draft 12 meters
  • Flight deck area 18,211.5 m2
  • SSU power 280,000 hp
  • Maximum speed 33.6 knots (62.2 km / h)
  • Maximum capacity 5828 people
  • Crew 3,000 (2,700 privates, 150 senior command personnel, 150 medium command personnel)
  • The aircrew is 1,800 people (250 pilots and 1,550 technical personnel).
  • Armament: 3 launchers Mk 29 NATO Sea Sparrow, 3 20 mm Phalanx CIWS Mk 15
  • Home port: Norfolk (Va)

Aviation group

The main weapon system itself large aircraft carrier - an aviation group performing various tasks from protecting the ship to air support for ground forces and striking enemy targets.

The ship has 8 squadrons:

  • A long range aerial reconnaissance squadron using E2C-Hawkeys.
  • The Vikings squadron is designed to destroy enemy submarines and refuel in the air.
  • Anti-radar squadron. It includes Prowlers aircraft.
  • 3 squadrons of F-18 Hornets fighter-bombers.
  • A squadron of F-18 SuperHornets multipurpose fighter-bombers and attack aircraft. Despite the similarities to conventional F-18 Hornets, this is a completely new aircraft with a longer range, new weapons, new avionics, and more.
  • Seahawk Helicopter Squadron. Their main tasks are the search for enemy submarines, search and rescue operations, the transportation of goods and personnel between the ships of the squadron.

Aircraft carrier accident

On January 14, 1969, being 140 km from Hawaii and heading for the combat zone in Vietnam, one of the missiles exploded on the takeoff deck of the ship, causing a large fire and detonation of bombs from nearby aircraft. The ship was seriously damaged, 27 people were killed and more than 300 were injured. The repair took 51 days.

Escort ships

Given the enormous firepower, the aircraft carrier is one of the main targets for enemy attacks. A small squadron of support ships constantly escorts the Enterprise to protect it. Among them:

  • Cruiser - equipped with an early detection system, capable of destroying any air target.
  • Frigate - protects the aircraft carrier from enemy missiles
  • Anti-missile boat - protects against homing missiles, air raids and submarines
  • Supply ship - ensures the functioning of this group, supplies everything you need, from food to ammunition.
  • Submarine

End of service.

During its entire service period, the aircraft carrier made 25 cruises, took part in many hostilities and operations. On December 1, 2012 it was decommissioned and is being prepared for disposal. His name will pass to the new ship CVN-80 ("Ford" type).