Sample business plan with calculations for municipal economy. How to write a business plan for an individual entrepreneur: a sample program for starting your own business. Bank loan

Term business plan came from the English expression business plan. A business plan is a structured document describing the stages of a company's development, its main activities, its strategies and risks. At its core business plan- this is a road map designed to lead a business to a planned goal, following the planned routes, taking into account intermediate stages, and shows the results obtained as a result.

💡 Should I write a business plan or download a ready-made one?

Often, beginning entrepreneurs when starting a business are faced with the question of downloading a business plan or writing your own? Of course, if you have sufficient experience, it is better to write your own unique business plan. True, not many entrepreneurs who are thinking about starting a business for the first time have the skill to do such activities. In this case, it is better to keep in mind that you need to write a business plan if your business:

• unique
• requires a lot of calculations
• implies non-standard stages of development
• implies non-standard risks
• there are non-standard format requirements, for example from a potential investor

In most cases, when opening a small business, it is quite possible to use a ready-made business plan from a trusted source, of course, with its modification according to your data.

💡 Where can I get a ready-made business plan?

There are a huge number of paid and free ones on the Internet. business plans. Despite the greater variety, we recommend using the business plans presented on our portal. All business plans are provided absolutely free, contain detailed financial calculations and take into account risks. In addition, the portal presents a huge number of business ideas structured by areas of activity.

Good planning is the basis for the successful operation of any enterprise, and small projects are no exception. Having in hand a business plan that has been drawn up competently, where all the components of success are presented and all the main risks are taken into account, with due diligence you can definitely count on a good return from the activities of a small company. Let's look at the procedure for developing this document and consider an example of a business plan for a small business.

A Good Business Plan for a Small Business: Key Points

A business plan for a small company, like any other, should include:

• all necessary information about the company;
• the goods or services it produces;
• sales markets;
• the company's marketing approach;
• organization of all main production processes.

The main difference between a plan for a small business is that when drawing it up, you need to take into account much fewer points than when developing planning documentation for a large company.

Therefore, the documents themselves are compiled simpler and have less volume.

However, in any case, the matter must be approached with all seriousness, because a mistake can be costly. If there are one or more errors in the plan, this may prevent the company from turning a profit.

The procedure for developing a business plan for a small enterprise

The plan needs to consistently record seven main points.

1. Business concept.
2. Basic information about the company.
3. The essence of the enterprise’s activities, information about the goods sold and services provided.
4. Market conditions (information about potential consumers and competitors should be provided here).
5. Development strategy.
6. Organization of company management.
7. Financial planning.

How to write a business plan correctly?

To create a plan, you first need to answer a few basic questions.

• What is the purpose of creating a business?
• What result do you want?
• How will the company be managed?
• How exposed is the company's activities to external factors?
• How competitive will the company be?
• How great will the financial stability of the company be?

In order for planning to be carried out at the proper level, you must have some experience in running a business and understand how to properly organize financial flows.

If you do not have enough knowledge for this, it is better to seek help from those who do have it, or buy a ready-made plan and redo it.

Small Business Business Plan Example

Let's look at the business plan for a fitness bar in an abbreviated form.

1. Summary

The Fitnessbar company operates in the catering market. Sales volumes of goods in this place in the first year should reach 15,000,000 rubles, and profit - 1,300,000 rubles. To do this you will need to invest 5,000,000 rubles.

The enterprise will expand in the future. To solve this problem, additional investments will be attracted, and profits will also be spent on expansion.

1.1. Goals

• Increase the sales volume of goods in the Fitness Bar by 2 times.
• Reduce costs so that they are no more than 15% of sales.

1.2. Company mission

We strive to ensure that visitors enjoy their stay in our bar and become our regular customers and want our establishment to become the most popular fitness bar in the city of N.

We are working to improve comfort and create conditions for relaxation in the Fitness Bar. To do this, we are improving the quality of service, organizing broadcasts of matches and sports programs, and creating an atmosphere of unity and friendliness.

1.3. Keys to Success

• Quality: The products sold in our establishment must be of the highest quality, as is the service.
• Proper management of financial flows.
• Strict cost control.

1.4. Possible risks

1. Competing companies.
2. Lack of solvent clients in the city of N.

Children's products never lose popularity, and many mothers prefer to order products online. At this link you will find a sample business plan for an online children's clothing store.

2. About the company

The company's concept includes:

• high specialization: The company's target audience is people who are passionate about fitness, and we do everything to satisfy their needs;
• creating a first-class service: high quality of service, comfortable seats, regular broadcasts of sports programs;
• location: The bar is located in the city center and is located within walking distance from three fitness centers and a sports school.

2.1. Owners

The owner of the company is Ivan Ivanov, the company is his sole property.

2.2. Company history

The Fitnessbar company was founded in 2014.

Every year, Fitnessbar increases sales and expands the circle of its customers.

Table 1. Development costs

3. Services provided

The establishment is a fitness bar where visitors have the opportunity to dine, watch broadcasts of matches and other sports programs and meet friends, as well as make new acquaintances. The range includes three services:

• nutrition;
• the ability to watch broadcasts;
• retail sale of sports nutrition and sports paraphernalia.

3.1. Technology

Plasma screens are used for broadcasting.

4. Market description

The market is very promising, since the number of people interested in fitness is growing every year. The popularity of fitness bars is also growing year by year, and this trend will continue for many years to come.

4.1. Market segmentation

The market consists of three main segments:

• people who are passionate about fitness;
• people who lead a healthy lifestyle and take a careful approach to nutrition;
• fans.

4.2. Market Condition

Competition in the market is low, which opens up wide opportunities for development. In the city of N there are only 3 competitive establishments per 100,000 people, which do not satisfy the demand that is growing every year.

5. Strategy and its implementation

The company's strategy is to meet the needs of fitness enthusiasts, people who pay great attention to healthy eating and sports fans.

5.1. Competitive advantage

The main competitive advantage is the high quality of food and service and a special approach to serving customers from all three market segments.

5.2. Marketing strategy

The Fitnessbar company is positioned as follows: a highly specialized establishment that provides visitors with three services.

This includes food, retail sales of sports nutrition and sports supplies.

Cost price

Information on the cost of goods and services provided is given in Table 2.

Table 3. Sales plan

6. Management

The company has 6 employees. The company is managed by its owner, Ivan Ivanov.

Workers perform three main functions:

• are engaged in establishing supplies and sales;
• service the fitness bar equipment;
• deal with accounting and administration issues.

Table 4. Staffing table

7. Financial plan

• The company's profit growth is stable and moderate, the balance is positive at any time.
• Residual profits are invested in business development.

Table 4. Planned balance

Planned balance
Assets
	2016
Money	RUB 27,000.00
Debt	0.00 RUB
Funds in securities	RUB 30,000.00
Inventory	RUB 22,000.00
Other assets	RUB 24,000.00
Total assets	RUB 103,000.00
Equipment and real estate	RUB 300,000.00
Depreciation deductions	RUB 60,000.00
Equipment and real estate (net)	RUB 240,000.00
Intangible assets	RUB 8,556,094.00
Other assets	RUB 30,000.00
Total assets	8586094

7.1. Profit and loss forecast

It is expected that the company's profits will grow steadily due to the expansion of the number of clients and the opening of new establishments in addition to the existing one.

In the next three years, revenues should triple. This is what a business plan for a small enterprise looks like in general.

A properly drawn up plan is the basis for the success of any company.

In addition, this important document is necessary in order to attract investors. All persons interested in investing money in a small business will see the full picture after familiarizing themselves with it. Such a plan is necessary in order to show investors the prospects for business development and let them understand what kind of return they can expect from their investments.

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It is a document that highlights all the characteristics of the future organization, analyzes possible problems and risks, their forecast and methods by which they can be avoided.

Simply put, a business plan for an investor is the answer to the question “Should the project be financed or should it be thrown into the trash?”.

Important! A business plan is drawn up on paper, taking into account certain procedures and rules. Such a presentation of the project to some extent materializes your idea, shows your desire and willingness to work. Also, the design on paper simplifies the perception of the idea by the investor.

Self-drawing up a business plan

Drawing up a business plan yourself is not so difficult, you just need to carefully consider the idea. Before you grab onto the calculator and calculate income, you need to take a few steps.

1. Identify the "pros" and "cons" of the idea that has arisen. If the number of "minuses" rolls over - do not rush to give up. Some aspects can be turned in the opposite direction, think about ways to solve such "cons".
2. Competitiveness and market stability are important characteristics.
3. The sales market needs to be thought out to the smallest detail.
4. The payback of the product (service) and the time of receipt of the first profit will allow you to determine the (approximately) required amount for investment.

If, after such a superficial analysis, you do not want to abandon your brainchild, then it's time to take a clean slate and start creating a business plan.

It is important to know! There is no single structure and step-by-step instructions on how to calculate a business plan. Therefore, the presence and order of the items included in the plan is determined independently. However, experts have established the most optimal variant of the plan structure. If there is no experience in compiling such documents, you need to use these recommendations in order to correctly compose the work.

Structure and procedure for drawing up a business plan

The structure of a good business plan, according to economists, should include 12 points. Each of them is described below.

Title page

The following parameters are specified here:

• name of the project;
• the name of the organization where the project is planned to be implemented, indicating telephone numbers, addresses and other contact details;
• head of the above organization;
• developer (team or leader) of a business plan;
• date of preparation of the document;
• it is allowed to place on the first sheet the most significant indicators of financial calculations for the project.

This document is necessary to protect the copyright of the idea and business plan. This reflects the awareness of the reader that he is not entitled to distribute the information contained in the document without the permission of the author. There may also be an indication of the prohibition of copying, duplicating the document, transferring it to another person, a requirement to return the read business plan to the author if the investor does not accept the agreement.

An example of a confidentiality memorandum can be seen below.

The next 2 sections of the plan - "Brief summary" and "Main idea of ​​the project" - are introductory. They can be used as a preliminary offer (for review) to partners and investors until negotiations are scheduled.

Brief Summary

Although a short summary of such a document is at the beginning, it is written at the final stage, as a result. A summary is an abbreviated description of the project idea and a list of the most significant characteristics of the financial component.

The following questions will help here, by answering which you can get a great resume:

1. What product is the company planning to sell?
2. Who wants to buy this product?
3. What is the planned volume of sales (production) for the first year of the company? What will be the revenue from this?
4. What is the total cost of the project?
5. How will the enterprise be formed according to the organizational and legal form?
6. How many workers are planned to attract?
7. What is the required amount of capital investments for the implementation of the project?
8. What are the sources of funding for this project?
9. How much will be the total profit (profitability) for a specific period, payback period, amount of cash at the end of the first year of the enterprise, profitability. net discounted income.

It is important to know! The resume is read by the investor first. Therefore, the further fate of the project depends on this section: the investor will either become interested or bored. This part should not exceed 1 page.

The main idea of ​​the project

1. What is the main design goal?
2. What are the tasks of the enterprise to achieve the main goal?
3. Are there any barriers to the goal and how to get around them?
4. What exact actions does the author propose to perform in order to achieve results and achieve the goal as soon as possible? What are these timelines?

Important! It is necessary to give clear, real and explicit arguments that will confirm the confidence in the profitability and success of the project. The volume of this part is optimal within 1-2 pages.

In the same section, it is customary to use the conducted SWOT analysis – assessment of strong, weak features of the enterprise, opportunities (prospects), as well as possible threats. It is unlikely that it will be possible to make a business plan correctly and most completely without such an analysis.

The SWOT analysis reflects 2 aspects that affect the life of the organization: internal, relating to the enterprise itself, and external (everything outside the company that it cannot change).

Do not forget: you describe the enterprise, not the product! A common mistake of the authors is that they begin to write the characteristics of the product in the “strength” column.

Here are some parameters that can be used to describe strengths or weaknesses:

• high-tech production;
• service and after-sales service;
• multifunctionality of the product (without affecting its specific properties);
• level of qualification and professionalism of employees;
• the level of technical equipment of the enterprise.

External factors (“opportunities” and “threats”) include:

• market growth rates;
• level of competition;
• political situation in the region, country;
• features of legislation;
• features of the consumer's solvency.

Example

Characteristics of the industry in the market

• dynamics of sales of similar products in the industry in recent years;
• growth rate of the market industry;
• trends and features of pricing;
• exhaustive assessment of competitors;
• search and indication of new and young enterprises in the industry, as well as a description of their activities;
• description of the consumer market, their desires, intentions, requirements, opportunities;
• assessment of the possible impact of scientific, social, economic aspects;
• prospects for development in the market.

Essence of the project

This section reveals the idea, the subject of the business plan. It also reflects the level of preparedness of the enterprise for the release of "public", the availability of all the funds required for this.

The most important provisions in this section are:

• primary goals;
• description of the target consumer segment;
• key performance factors for market success;
• a detailed representation of the product, the characteristics of which must be within the market segment defined above;
• stage of product development (if production is launched), patent and author's purity;
• characteristics of the organization;
• the total cost of the project, indicating the financing schedule for the periods and amounts of investments;
• the required expenses of the initial period for the marketing campaign and the formation of a coherent organizational structure.

Marketing plan

Here the tasks, goals of the marketing policy and methods for their solution and achievement are indicated. It is important to indicate which task is intended for which personnel, in what time frame it is required to complete it, and with what tools. The funds needed for the latter must also be indicated.

Marketing plan is a strategy, a set of successive and / or simultaneous steps, created to attract consumers and effectively return on their part.

The investor will be attentive to such points as:

• a well-developed system of comprehensive market research and analysis;
• the planned volume of sales of goods (services) and its range, scheduled for time periods until the enterprise reaches full capacity;
• ways to improve products;
• description of product packaging and pricing policy;
• procurement and marketing system;
• advertising strategy - clearly articulated and understandable;
• service planning;
• control over the implementation of the marketing strategy.

Production plan

Everything related directly to the creation of products is reflected in this part. Therefore, it is advisable to compile this section only for those companies that plan not only distribution, but also production.

Points to be noted:

• required production capacity;
• detailed interpretation of the technological process;
• a detailed description of the operations entrusted to subcontractors;
• the necessary equipment, its characteristics, cost and method of purchase or lease;
• subcontractors;
• required area for production;
• raw materials, resources.

It is important to indicate the cost of everything that requires costs.

Organizational plan

At this stage, the principles of organizational strategic management of the company are developed. If the enterprise already exists, then this item is still mandatory: it determines the compliance of the existing structure with the intended goals. The organizational part must necessarily contain the following data:

• name of the organizational and legal form (IP, OJSC, partnership and others);
• an organizational management system that reflects the structure in the form of a scheme, regulations and instructions, communications and dependencies of departments;
• founders, their description and data;
• management team;
• interaction with staff;
• supplying the control system with the necessary material and technical resources;
• location of the company.

Financial plan

This chapter of the business plan gives a cumulative economic assessment of the written project, accompanied by calculations of the level of profitability, payback periods, and financial stability of the enterprise.

The financial plan is very important for the investor, here he determines whether this project is attractive to him.

Here it is necessary to make some calculations and summarize them:

Risk analysis

In a risk analysis, the author must investigate the project and discover potential threats that could lead to a decrease in revenue. It is necessary to take into account financial, industry, natural, social and other risks. At the same time, it is necessary to develop a detailed and effective plan to prevent them or minimize the impact on the company. Therefore, the business plan should include:

• a list of all potential problems;
• a set of methods and tools that prevent, eliminate or minimize risks;
• models of the company's behavior in the event of events that do not contribute to its development;
• substantiation of the low probability of occurrence of such problems.

Applications

This is the last link in the structure of the business plan. It includes documents, quotations, sources, copies of contracts, agreements, references, letters from consumers, partners, statistics, calculation tables used in the preparation of this document. Attachments in the text of the business plan are required to insert links and footnotes.

General document requirements

• write a business plan in a clear, concise language, without long and complex wording;
• the desired volume is 20-25 pages;
• the business plan must cover all the information required by the investor in full;
• the document must necessarily be based on real facts, reasonable rational proposals;
• the plan must have a strategic foundation: strict, delineated and complete, with clear targets;
• interconnectedness, complexity and consistency are important features of drawing up a plan;
• the investor must see the future, the prospects for the development of the project idea;
• The flexibility of the business plan is a significant plus. If you can make adjustments, amendments to the written project is a nice bonus for the investor;
• conditions and modes of control over the functioning of the enterprise should become part of the business plan.

Making a business plan from scratch without the help of a specialist is not easy, but possible. It is important to adhere to the above rules, construction structure and avoid mistakes.

The most common mistakes

• Illiterate syllable

The rules of the language cannot be ignored. It often happens that the most incredible and promising idea flies into the basket along with a bunch of plans of mediocre IPs. And all because mistakes in spelling, vocabulary, punctuation and poor presentation of the text completely discourage the desire of any investor.

• Careless design

The design should be the same throughout the document: bullets, headings, lists, font, size, numbering, spacing, etc. Contents, headings, numbering, names of figures and tables, designation of data on graphs are required!

• incomplete plan

To properly write a business plan, you need an exhaustive amount of information. The sections of the document listed above are the minimum that should be unconditionally included in the project.

• vague plan

Work should be "like in a pharmacy on the scales." Clear, specific, specific statements of goals and (important!) ideas.

• Too many details

The abundance of technical, financial, marketing terms will only help in exams. For a business plan, you need to select only the most significant details. If there is a great need for a thorough description of a process, then you can put it in an application.

• Unrealistic data

Such business proposals are based on assumptions. Therefore, the author needs to rationally approach the idea and have a reasonable background, a real reason supported by calculations.

• Few facts

For each assumption - its justification - real, valid. Facts give the work meaning and confidence. The fountain of facts is also not worth arranging, and if you are carried away, then we look at the rule about the details.

• "We have no risks!"

Rule of thumb: no business without risk. There is no such business in which "quiet, yes smooth surface." The investor knows this, and the author should also know this. Therefore, it's time to descend from the clouds to the ground and study, explore, analyze.

• “And we have no competitors either!”

The competitor, as well as the risk, is always there. It can be direct or indirect. Carefully and meticulously study this topic, and an opponent will definitely appear on the horizon, waving your pen.

• Neglect of outside help

Creating a business plan on your own does not mean doing absolutely everything yourself. Moreover, obtaining a high-quality result is possible through the joint efforts of several specialists. Don't be afraid of helpers!

Welcome readers of the “site”! Today we will talk in detail about what is a business plan and why is it needed? , how to draw up a business plan as clearly, competently and succinctly as possible (we will provide a sample with calculations), and also provide links so that you can download ready-made examples for free .

This material will be useful to all novice entrepreneurs and businessmen who plan to attract money from banks (investors).

Read further in the issue about how to draw up a business plan for a small business yourself, what rules and procedures for drawing up exist, and where to download a ready-made business plan.

Every entrepreneur comes across the concept of a business plan sooner or later.

Business plan(from English. business plan) is a project of your business, in which the goals and objectives of its creation are clearly defined. In it, the entrepreneur must describe his actions over a specific period of time to make a profit.

Business plan structure, objectives and strategy

2. Rules for drawing up (writing) a business plan 📝

Rule 1. Study the market situation in advance

Before starting to draw up a business plan, it is necessary to analyze the situation on the market as a whole. Collect as much information as possible about the upcoming enterprise or successful implementation.

Rule 2. Create a clear business strategy and follow it

The business plan must include specific actions throughout a certain period of time.

You must write down your actions month, 3 months, 6 months, year and 3 of the year.

Rule 3 Consider both the pros and cons of the chosen business

In a business plan, you need to describe not only your strengths, but also possible losses, so to speak, weaknesses.

For example , strengths include highly qualified specialists, market recognition, bright brand etc. Possible losses or threats include: great competition, high cost of goods or services.

3. How to write a business plan yourself - the procedure for writing and the structure of a business plan 📑

Regardless of your type of activity, the main components of a business plan will be the same.

How to write a business plan - step-by-step instructions with an example

1. Introduction

The introductory part should not be too lengthy, but it should describe the most important things:

• direction of the enterprise's activity;
• project payback period;
• specific indicators.

Your potential investor should know the time frame for returning his investment and possible losses.

2) Description of services

In this section, describe in detail the direction of your activity. Decide for yourself which market segment you will work with.

Important! Assess your competitors and your advantages over them.

Decide what you plan to focus on in your activities: low cost with high sales volumes, high service, or maybe something else.

To completethissection you need to do the following:

• Give a description and characteristics of the company’s main and secondary products;
• Take photographs of goods and services;
• Create a portrait of your intended consumer;
• Research and test your target market for similar products or services;
• Organize a service;
• Provide a pricing model. Assess the competitiveness of your project on the market.

After carrying out such an analysis, you will definitely understand and be able to highlight the differences between your products in the sales market. You will also clearly formulate what you produce and who needs it.

3) Marketing plan

Marketing plan – perhaps the most important stage in the development of your business. A lot will depend on well-designed marketing. You need to identify your main competitors, understand how they are promoting their project, and do it better.

Business promotion methods can be different:

• Place advertisements on radio, in magazines, on websites. It is only important to determine which format of the advertising project is right for you;
• Be sure to work on direct sales. Starting with “cold calls” to potential customers, ending with the sale of goods and services with the help of representatives;
• Encourage your staff to achieve high results. Come up with promotions and bonuses for employees;
• Find out the most favorable season for your business;

Main, Really assess the situation, do not exaggerate your capabilities. Brainstorm regularly and come up with new routes. Read more about it here.

4) Organizational plan

Specifically write down all the steps of the activity, assign persons responsible for performing certain actions. Limit the deadline for completing the task.

5) Financial plan

When drawing up a financial plan, it is necessary to take into account all the little things, dividing expenses into permanent and one-time ones.

• Fixed expenses – this is a monthly office, payment of rent, utilities, Internet, telephone, etc.
• One-time costs – this is the purchase of equipment for work, For example, computers, scanners, phones, etc.

After compiling your expenses, determine for yourself the minimum sales volume that will cover your operating expenses. Everything that is sold from above will be yours profit .

After calculating this, you will determine for yourself break-even point. You could say that this is the purpose of a business plan.

6) Conclusion

The conclusion is intended to attract investors. Optimal partition volume from 2 before 4 pages, which must be indicated:

• The main vector of your company’s activity;
• Project profitability;
• Analysis of the company’s place in the sales market;
• Company personnel, responsible persons;
• Expected qualitative and quantitative indicators for each period.

The “Resume” section should provide answers to 2 main questions:

1. What results can investors expect from favorable business development?
2. What should investors expect in a worst-case scenario?

Of course, it is better to write a conclusion when the business plan has already been practically drawn up.

4. Sample business plan with calculations using the example of an anti-cafe

Let's take a closer look at a ready-made sample business plan using the example of an anti-cafe .

Business plan structure - example "Anticafe"

1) Overview section

In the table we will see all the general information about the project:

№	Titles	Descriptions
1.	Name	"Gloss"
2.	Organizational form	Individual entrepreneur
3.	Services available	Various programs; Events (trainings, seminars); Birthdays;
4.	Location of the organization and sales market	Stavropol
5.	Working mode	From 11.00 until the last client.
6.	Establishment staff	Supervisor - 1 people Administrator – 1 people Service staff - 3 people Director - 1 people security – 1 people
7.	Required starting capital	500 000 rubles
8.	Expenses	167 000 rubles
9.	Return on investment period	10-11 months
10.	Competition	small
11.	Organization income	216 000 rubles
12.	Organizational loss	167 000 rubles
13.	Organizational profit	49 000 rubles

2) Goods and services

An amount will be charged for the time spent in the anti-cafe 2 rub./min . For this money the cafe will provide services such as:

• Mini library, you can retire and read books;
• Lots of games for large groups (mafia, board games);
• Game console;
• Karaoke, projector, tablets;
• Various courses can be arranged For example, English, Spanish, psychology, makeup training;
• You can also order banquets, children's birthdays;
• There is Wi-Fi, any visitor can use it;
• Tea, coffee and various sweets.

Ideal clients: older people 17 -45 years of age who live an active life; they have an average income; without bad habbits; these people like to spend time profitably; they would like to receive good knowledge and great emotions.

The client must be taken to the cafe near 22 hours per month. From this the profit per person is calculated about 3600 rubles per month.

3) Marketing strategy

There is currently one cafe in this segment in the city. It poses a potential threat since they already have an established customer base.

• Social networks (Instagram, telegram and others);
• SMS mailings;
• Discounts, coupons;
• Radio announcements.

Promotion strategy for a new anti-cafe:

1. Direct attraction. Searching for clients or organizations that will come to us in a large group. Conducting children's matinees. Discounts for regular customers. Advertising in institutions.
2. Advertising on Odnoklassniki, Agent and many different networks. Reaching a group of people who are at home. Advertising on social networks allows you to obtain a lot of information from customers and very quickly answer all questions of interest, while requiring very little financial costs.
3. Building partnerships with companies that specialize in various holidays, show programs, corporate evenings, etc.
4. Club card. This card gives you the right to spend as much time as you like in the anti-cafe. Price 4 800 rubles, validity period 1 month.
5. Radio advertising. After a month of work, a story about events in the anti-cafe.

Such a business has seasonality . The anti-cafe has the highest attendance in autumn and winter seasons. And in the summer and spring there are fewer clients ↓.

Therefore, the plan should be drawn up in such a way as to increase profit several times, so as not to go into lesion .

№	Name	Timing	Responsible	Results and notes
1	Study	01.01.14 – 01.02.14	Manager	We have proven all our data
2	Recruitment	01.02.14 – 01.03.14	Manager	Found employees
3	Room search	01.03.14 – 01.04.14	Manager	Found a room based on the criteria
4	Repair	01.04.14 – 01.05.14	Manager	Repairs made to all requirements
5	We purchase equipment	01.05.14 – 01.06.14	Manager	Delivery to the place
6	Approval of the action plan	01.06.14 – 03.06.14	Director	Agreements have been concluded
7	We are registering	01.06.14 – 03.06.14	Manager	Purchased a cash register and documents
8	Advertising	03.06.14 – 10.06.14	We are hiring a specialist	Conducted advertising on all points
9	Opening	12.06.13	Manager	Everything went great, there were a lot of competitions and gifts, there were journalists, everyone knew about us

4) Financial plan

№	Expenses	Quantity (piece)	Cost, rub.)	Amount (rub.)
1	Purchase of equipment	50	5 000	250 000
2	Purchase of inventory	100	1 000	100 000
3	Finishing work	1	150 000	150 000
Total:				500 000

5) Conclusions

№	Name	Quantity	Cost, rub.)	Amount (rub.)
1	Building rental (150 sq.m.)	1 month	40 000	40 000
2	Payment of wages	6 people	15 000	90 000
3	Public utilities	1 month	5 000	5 000
4	Products	700 sets	10	7 000
5	taxes	1 month	15 000	15 000
6	Deductions for depreciation	1 month	10 000	10 000
Total:				167 000

Having analyzed all expenses for the reporting month, we can say that if the establishment’s profit is greater 167 000 rubles, that's what it will be break-even point .

Given:

Simultaneous costs = 500 000 rubles
Expense per month = 167 000 rubles

Find: Payback period -?

Solution :

Payback period = One-time costs / emergency per month

1) We find an emergency per month

Emergency per month = Income per month - Expense per month

Profit for the month = (Profit per day) * 30 days = ( 30 Human * 2 hours * 120 rubles/hour) * 30 days = 216 000 rubles
Emergency per month = 216,000 rubles - 167,000 rubles = 49,000 rubles

2) Finding the payback period

Payback period = 500,000 rubles (down payment) / 49,000 rubles (PE per month) = 10 months

*Of course, all calculations made above are approximate and may differ from region to region.

5. Ready-made business plan examples for free + template 📎

We present a ready-made template for writing your plan, into which you can easily enter your data for calculations and overview analytics.

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Typically, a classic Business Plan consists of twelve main elements, including a cover page and a confidentiality memorandum.

A well-drafted business plan can either simply become the basis for organizing a business or help raise funds for the development of a project if it turns out to be attractive to an investor or lender. Below is a step-by-step instruction on how to write a business plan, describing its most important elements and recommendations for its preparation.

What is a Business Plan in simple words and example

A business plan is a document that provides a detailed justification for the project and the opportunity to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of decisions made, planned activities, and answer the question of whether it is worth investing in a given project.

A ready-made business plan includes all elements of the development and functioning of a business for the planning period. How detailed and competently a business plan for starting a business is written depends on how much the idea will be appreciated from the outside, as well as the number of suddenly arising nuances that were not taken into account initially.

We can say that developing a business plan is half of creating a business. It describes the details of technological processes, accounting, the state of affairs in the industry, as well as documentation.

Thus, business plan in simple words– this is a detailed description of the planned project, containing calculations and expected results for the next few years.

Sample Business Plans (download)

Below you will find several more examples and samples of business plans that you can download and study in detail.

Types of business plans

When deciding how to write a business plan correctly, you must first determine for whom it will be written. There are two main formats for this document:

1. Interior. This business plan is intended solely for private use among the founders. With its help, expenses, production volumes and necessary inventories are planned, and the like. Such a business plan should be as close to reality as possible and reflect all risks even in the worst case scenarios. Some details of such a business plan that are obvious to the founder can be omitted, since in this case there will be no one to evaluate the unnecessary details.
2. For external users. Such business plans are prepared for presentation to investors or creditors, as well as government support agencies from which funds are expected to be received. This type of plan is distinguished not only by greater detail, but also by a wider evidence base and a larger number of calculations. In this case, it is necessary to convince your counterparties of the validity of the calculations and prospects described in the plan. Logicality and consistency in the presentation of information, the quality of its presentation, design and accuracy are important. It is often possible to use the maximum and minimum possible real numbers where it directly affects the result of the calculation and efficiency, in order to increase the attractiveness of the idea for those who can invest in it. It will be good if all the facts and figures contain sources that support their authenticity. A business plan that has visual materials will also benefit.

You cannot write a business plan for yourself and for an investor at the same time, since they have different purposes.

Internal plans should be more meaningful and practical, and the values ​​in the calculations should be closer to the average or even worst case. Plans for external users should be logically and neatly presented, and the values ​​​​in them usually are close to the ideal scenario.

What does a Business Plan consist of - Structure

Depending on the specifics of the business and the purpose of the document, the number and content of business plan items may vary. A typical business plan usually consists of the following elements:

1. Title page.
2. Confidentiality Memorandum.
3. Summary.
4. Objective of the project.
5. Analysis of the enterprise's position in the industry.
6. Description of the product of labor.
7. Production plan.
8. Organizational plan.
9. Risk analysis.
10. Applications.

Some elements that are required for writing a business plan for a job center or lenders are optional for writing documents for internal use. For example, it doesn't make much sense to create a confidentiality memorandum or cover sheet for yourself.

At the same time, a business plan for a store may not contain a paragraph describing the product of labor, since in this case all goods are purchased for resale, and the list of services is standard.

Where to start making your Business Plan - Instructions

First, you need to clearly define the scope of activity and the product that will be produced by the newly created enterprise. To do this, it is necessary to conduct a preliminary analysis of the market situation in real time and identify niches that are not sufficiently represented on the market. Choosing one of these niches will make it more likely to successfully take your market share in a short time.

Next, you need to collect all publicly available information about this field of activity. The greatest attention should be paid to real stories and reviews of people working in this area. Only they are able to give an idea of ​​the nuances that, at first glance, are implicit.

For popular industries, for example, a cafe or a beauty salon, you can find a sample business plan for reference or even special services that help in its formation. For more specific industries, the amount of information publicly available may be limited.

If there is a clear lack of data for analysis, it is best to seek paid advice from specialists - they will help fill in the gaps in knowledge.

SWOT analysis

This type of analysis is used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of an idea when information about the latter is available. Conducting a SWOT analysis helps to visually correlate the pros, cons and dangers of a future project in order to conduct a holistic assessment of them.

The name encodes the essence of the method as an abbreviation: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It is in these four columns that the data is distributed in the SWOT analysis.

• Towards strengths include the advantages that the chosen niche has.
• Weak sides should be described in as much detail as possible, as they are needed in order to eliminate them in the future. This column includes all the shortcomings in the theoretical implementation of the plan, from low profitability to the lack of own premises.

Strengths and weaknesses, for the most part, are internal factors that are directly influenced by the founder.

Opportunities and threats, on the contrary, are considered external factors that must either be used or adjusted to and taken into account. A sample table for conducting a SWOT analysis of a production project for a business plan is presented below:

Resume writing

One of the elements of writing a business plan from scratch is writing a resume.

This element is always located at the beginning of the business plan and contains some brief information about it, forcing people who decide to read the contents of the document to become interested in it and continue reading it.

This is most important when searching for potential investors and lenders.

Despite the placement of this element in the document, the founder does not begin working on it before writing a business plan for a small business, since the executive summary is the section that provides consolidated information from the rest of the business plan.

Accordingly, work on the resume is the last thing the founder begins - this is, for the most part, the business card of the project for external users of information.

The main points that counterparties want to see in a resume are usually the possible level of profitability from investing in the development of a project, as well as the risks assumed for such investments.

Often the purpose of the project is included in a separate section.

In this subparagraph, it is necessary to indicate the goals and objectives set for the business, as well as argue for the success of the future enterprise. Often at this point the results obtained from SWOT analysis are used.

Analysis of the company’s place in the market

This section usually contains an overview of competition in the selected industry, presented by the number of competing firms and their market shares, product specifics and sales volume, if such data is present.

Also, this section usually includes data on the planned size of the organization being created and competing organizations: number of employees, production capacity, and so on.

• Check it out (download).

Based on this analysis, a promising place in the industry is usually determined, that is, the market share that is planned to be occupied in the future and in what time frame this should happen. If a business plan is drawn up for external users, then this point is one of the fundamental ones and should be disclosed in detail.

As advantages, you can take into account the experience of hired employees and managers, possible prospects for the development of the organization, various know-how, and so on.

When it becomes necessary to write a business plan yourself, you need to pay special attention to some mandatory elements in its content. In the case of a marketing plan, such elements are tools for product promotion, demand analysis, as well as preliminary sales directions, especially when it comes to production.

Product promotion tools are usually advertising, direct sales, and other options, depending on the field of activity.

In some cases, competent merchandising can be used as a promotion tool. It is also necessary to indicate by what means the promotion will be carried out: will it be a special department, a separate employee, or outsourced services from companies and inviting third-party specialists.

Marketing demand research is an extremely complex and serious job, therefore, if you do not have confidence in your own skills, it is better to leave it to professionals. In this case, the likelihood that such research will be positively assessed by creditors will be higher.

However, if it is important exactly how to draw up a business plan yourself from start to finish, then it is necessary to take into account not only the volume of demand at a particular moment, but also its seasonal fluctuations, elasticity under the influence of the price factor, average prices for goods, and the possibility of stimulating demand.

If there are already preliminary options for selling products, it would be good to indicate them and draw up your own sales program for each, which will include sales volumes for the period, revenue, tax administration (for example, payment of VAT if the counterparty is not its payer etc.), methods and terms of delivery and payment. Here you can specify the rules and content of future promotions and discounts, if there are any developments on them.

It would be good to draw up a forecast sales table with calculations of total revenue for each counterparty or for each product. Tables can have a simple but informative appearance:

If possible, it is better to provide accompanying documentation with the amounts so that prices and volumes are not taken out of thin air. Also, you should not deliberately overestimate the prospects if such documentation is not available - this section should not raise doubts among investors.

Production plan

One of the most important elements of any business plan. It is necessary to understand that this part of the plan applies not only to production enterprises - the production plan includes the entire process of functioning of the organization.

An exception may be a business in which no personnel actions are taken with the products at all - for example, a wholesale store that simply purchases products, stores them in a warehouse, and then sells them.

If we consider the business plan of a restaurant or coffee shop, then the production plan includes everything from the purchase of products for cooking and the time of preparation of a dish or drink, to the equipment used, the cost and shelf life of the finished dish, as well as the process of maintaining existing equipment and mechanisms .

This paragraph, depending on the field of activity, should include:

• Costs of raw materials and other production costs.
• Costs for purchasing equipment and premises.
• Labor costs.
• General production and general business expenses - rent, utilities, etc.
• Overheads.

In addition to expenses, this paragraph describes in detail the work processes, the timing of each production cycle and storage of products, the useful life of equipment, mechanisms of interaction between different departments, requirements for employees, planned wages, their calculation schedule, and so on.

As a result, you can present a production plan outlined in sub-items, starting with the purchase of raw materials and ending with the payment of wages and the sale of final products.

Organizational plan

In this section it is necessary to describe the structure of the company and its management system. This includes the organizational structure, staffing table, information about the management of the enterprise, founders, organizational and legal form, planned management mechanisms, and distribution of responsibilities.

• (download in PDF).

This section also discusses the process of documenting activities in the process of its organization, with references to the primary legal acts according to which the registration and operation of the enterprise will take place. As a rule, this item is written in order, starting with the rental of premises and ending with the launch of production.

This section of the plan, regardless of the purpose of the document, must be disclosed in as much detail as possible, since it determines how much planned expenses and income in the future will coincide with real ones.

This item represents the preparation of calculation documentation for planned costs, as well as approximate revenue volumes. The best option for presenting this information is in a table, with separate explanations, since the amount of information in the financial plan of even a small enterprise is quite large.

It is imperative to remember that the enterprise has fixed costs that do not depend on the volume of production, such as rent, and variables determined by the volume of output. It is also necessary to take into account the cost of maintenance and repair of units, and all this must be taken into account when calculating the unit cost of production. Fixed assets transfer their value to finished products gradually, so their cost is taken into account as part of the cost depending on their useful life in the form of depreciation.

• (download).

After the cost per unit of production has been calculated, as well as the volume of fixed costs over a period of time, the break-even volume of production is calculated - that is, the amount of product that must be produced and sold at a given price in order to fully cover the cost and fixed costs. A further increase in production and sales volumes will mean increased profits.

Also in this section it is necessary to present the payback period of the project, which in a simplified form is calculated as the ratio of initial costs to monthly net profit. The result will be in months.

This section can also include other indicators necessary depending on the scope of the enterprise’s activities. In general, the more detailed information is presented in this section, the better. For example, in the case of opening an online store, you can create a table like this:

Identification of risks

At this point, it is necessary to consider the various risks that are inherent in the industry, region or type of activity, assess their theoretically possible impact on the organization’s activities and possible damage, and also describe in detail how to counter them, highlighting those that will be used in certain situations.

If the business plan is being drawn up for internal use, this section should be made as detailed as possible - this can be very helpful in the future.

When drawing up a document for investors, you can omit some implicit risks, but in no case should you omit the obvious ones - this will be noticed and perceived as a shortcoming or short-sightedness of the founder. When developing this point, the founder will also be helped by a SWOT analysis carried out at the beginning.

Formation of applications

Applications are a mandatory element of a business plan, especially those compiled for external use. All possible documents confirming the points expressed earlier by the founder are attached to the plan as appendices.

It is highly advisable to confirm all figures, for example, with official statistics, reporting documentation of similar companies, letters of guarantee and certificates, and so on.

It is also important to attach to the appendices various agreements concluded with counterparties or other founders, existing company documentation, documents certifying the qualifications and data of the founders and planned management personnel, and in general all possible documents confirming the information and judgments presented in the business plan itself.

Such documents must be referenced in the text of the plan. Too voluminous calculations or diagrams can also be included here.

An individual approach is required for the preparation of each business plan, however, there are some general recommendations that apply to most similar documents, according to which you can either draw up a business plan for an individual entrepreneur for internal use, or develop a plan for creditors of an existing large enterprise.

• Reflect the real situation. If your plans take into account grossly overestimated profitability indicators or too low prices for raw materials, you may end up with a completely different financial result than was calculated in the marketing plan.
• Write in literate, understandable language. If the business plan is written confusingly and with a lot of errors, no investor or lender will consider such a document seriously.
• Take into account the nuances. It is necessary to pay attention to such things as seasonal changes in prices for certain goods and services, and climatic conditions affecting production. For example, in different regions, the cost of heating workshop premises, especially large ones, can vary greatly.
• Draw up a business plan succinctly, but without unnecessary volume. The usual length of this document is 20-25 pages, excluding attachments. If it turns out to be much larger, then it is better to include all documents, voluminous calculations and diagrams in applications.
• Calculate costs as accurately as possible. If the price of a particular product or raw material fluctuates greatly, it is better to take the maximum values, so that in the event of another price fluctuation there is no unpleasant surprise in the form of a loss of profitability.
• Read similar documents. Working on a plan is much easier when you have an example of writing a business plan at hand. To do this, below are examples of business plans in different areas that can be taken as a basis.

Conclusion

Drawing up a business plan is a rather complex and time-consuming task. However, a well-drafted business plan can be considered half of starting your own business. Each industry has its own specifics in drawing up this document, but there are some general points that must be taken into account when drawing up a high-quality business plan.

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