Migratory birds in autumn. Migratory birds: names for children, description, list. Photos of migratory birds with names for children All migratory birds list

Every autumn, when the field work has not yet ended, our feathered friends and helpers leave their native lands and rush somewhere far away. They fly in rows, ranks, disorderly heaps and singly.

What makes migratory birds make such long journeys every year in autumn and spring?

It has been established that the flight of birds is a complex instinct that has been formed in them in the process of a long historical development of the birds themselves and the change in the Earth's climate.

Even in the preglacial era, birds migrated annually in spring and autumn due to temperature changes and changes in the nature of nutrition in certain seasons of the year. During the ice age of the Earth, these flyways lengthened and changed. And when the glaciers retreated, the birds began to fly farther to the north. So gradually they developed hereditarily fixed innate migratory reflexes-instincts.

The main stimulus for migrations and flights among birds was, in addition to climatic conditions, the conditions of their feeding and reproduction.

In autumn and winter, when food becomes scarce and more difficult to obtain, birds fly to places where it is easier to feed. Only those birds remain to winter, which can easily get their own food in winter.

That the migration of birds is connected not only with glaciation alone, but depends on feeding conditions, is also proved by this fact. In tropical and subtropical areas where there was no glaciation, birds also make regular flights from nesting sites to places with more abundant food supplies.

Glaciation only contributed to the final formation of flyways, lengthening and curving them, especially since the centers of glaciation spread and retreated not only along the north-south line, but also along the west-east line. Therefore, flyways for the most part reflect the complex ways of introduction of birds into a particular area, although a direct path would be much shorter for them.

Migratory birds (list)

A - stork, B - shore, C - bittern, G - tie, rook, D - thrush, F - lark, Z - chaffinch, I - oriole, K - sandpiper, cuckoo, L - swallow, blue tit, M - flycatcher, P - quail, R - fieldfare, S - swift, starling, nightingale, T - wagtail, C - heron, H - lapwing, lake gull, U - duck.

But where, to which countries do migratory birds go in autumn? Usually they say: to the south, to warm countries. The answer is far from accurate.

Migratory birds do fly to warmer regions of the earth in autumn. But these areas can be not only in the south. They can also be in the west, on the coasts of countries and islands washed by warm currents, where winters are mild and it is easy for birds to forage.

Birds make a long, dangerous and difficult journey. Some of them fly many thousands of kilometers to their wintering grounds. The flat-nosed phalarope, a resident of our tundra, flies to winter in the southern part of South America. So far!

Many birds die on the way from storms, winds, unexpected snowfalls.

So, migratory birds in autumn tend to get to other territories where living conditions are more comfortable than in the harsh homeland.

Material selection: Iris Revue

Many birds have become the messengers of spring. And this is no accident.

In winter, everything calms down, nature freezes, and the birds chirp is almost inaudible. But in the spring the world is again filled with sound. The migratory birds are back.

Sounds great, right? But in May-June I hardly fall asleep, the birds sing so loudly under my window. The earliest are thrushes. Three o'clock in the morning - they are already cracking.

In general, migratory birds delight with their return, of course, but waking up with the first roosters of thrushes is not very pleasant.

But back a little closer to the topic.

Why do birds fly away

Not because of the desire to change places.

One of the main factors is cold. Not every bird can survive thirty-degree frosts.

But winter is not only frost, it is also a sharp decrease in the amount of food resources. In this sense, omnivorous birds and "townspeople" birds have the least worries.

Typical non-migratory inhabitants of the city:

• hoodie;
• house sparrow;
• gray dove.

Such types of animals that constantly coexist with humans are called synanthropic.

For waterfowl open water is critical. Ducks are migratory birds, but in the presence of non-freezing reservoirs they winter well, which can be regularly observed in Moscow.

And this is not the only example when birds of the same species behave differently. They play a big role climatic conditions region and availability of forage

Which birds are called migratory and which are not

There are birds that move quite actively throughout the year, but migratory, strictly speaking, are not.

Birds are:

• migratory;
• nomadic;
• settled.

Migratory birds are characterized annual seasonal migrations(flights).

But even settled birds can appear and disappear like swallows.

In winter, in cities you can often see handsome bullfinches, which suddenly "disappear" somewhere in the summer. Are they airborne? No.

You can see them even in summer in forests And large parks. It’s just that they don’t need to visit the city in search of food, since there is enough of it, and they are less visible among the leaves than on bare branches in winter.

Birds may also fly away from their homes if they are no longer habitable. migratory they don't get it. The reasons for this change of residence may be Forest fires, active human activity in this territory, etc.

CHILDREN SHOULD KNOW NONS: rook, starling, swallow, swift, cuckoo, crane, geese, swans, lark, thrush, nest, birdhouse, male, female, chicks, eggs, singer, insects, larvae, plumage, flock, countries, legs , neck, wing, eyes, tail, beak, head, stork, heron.

VERBS: fly, fly away, arrive, return, build, clean, lay, twist, take out, hatch, feed, grow up, get stronger, squeak, sing, coo, leave, say goodbye, gather, eat, peck, destroy, twist, pinch, glue, stick.

ADJECTIVES: big, small, singing, black, warm (edges), white, striped, caring, troublesome, spring, strangers, fluffy, sonorous, field, distant, beautiful, long-legged, waterfowl, agile, vociferous.

LET'S TALK ABOUT BIRDS.
Migratory birds are birds that fly from us in autumn to warmer climes.
These birds are insectivorous (they eat insects), feed on insects.

In autumn, insects hide, birds have nothing to eat, so they fly away.

Ducks, geese and swans fly away in a string - with a rope.

Swallows and starlings fly away in a flock.

Cranes fly away in a wedge - an angle.

And the cuckoos fly away one by one.
In the spring migratory birds come back to us.

Birds have a head with a beak, a body with two wings, two legs with claws, a tail and plumage.

CHILDREN SHOULD BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY EXTRA AND EXPLAIN: WHY?
Magpie, crow, titmouse, swallow (swallow is a migratory bird, the rest are wintering).
Lark, sparrow, rook, starling.
Crow, duck, dove, sparrow.
Rook, tit, swallow, cuckoo.
Magpie, sparrow, woodpecker, swift.
Dove, swan, heron, crane.

Beetle, butterfly, chick, mosquito
(chick is a bird, other insects).

CORRECTLY NAME THE CHICKS:
Cranes - cranes.
Rooks - rooks.
Geese are goslings.
Starlings - starlings.
Ducks - ... .
Cuckoos - ... .
Swifts - ... .

CORRECTLY ANSWER THE QUESTIONS: WHOSE? WHOSE? WHOSE? WHOSE?
Whose beak?
The crane has a crane.
The goose has a goose.
The duck has...
The cuckoo has...
At the rook - ....

ONE - MANY.
Cuckoo - cuckoo.
Crane - cranes.
Starling - starlings.
Nightingale - nightingales.
Lark - larks.
Swan - swans.
Rook - rooks.
Duck - ducks.
Swallow - swallows.
Rook - rook.
Stork - storks.
Gosling - goslings.

DESCRIPTION AND COMPARE BIRDS ACCORDING TO THE PLAN:
Wintering or migratory bird?
Why are they called that?
Appearance (tail, head, wings, torso, beak, feathers, colors ...)
What does it eat?
Where he lives - a hollow, a birdhouse, a nest ...

COMPILATION OF A DESCRIPTIVE STORY.
The rook is a black bird with a white beak. The rook has a head, body, wings, tail, paws. The whole body of the bird is covered with feathers. In the spring, rooks arrive from warm countries, build nests and hatch chicks - rooks. Rooks feed on insects, worms and plant seeds. In autumn, when it gets cold, rooks gather in flocks and fly to warmer countries until spring. Rooks help people, they destroy insects and caterpillars - pests of fields and gardens.

The grass is green, the sun is shining
A swallow with spring in the canopy flies to us.
With her, the sun is more beautiful and spring is sweeter ...
Chirp from the road hello to us soon.
I will give you grains, and you sing a song,
What did you bring with you from distant countries?
(A. Pleshcheev)

PROMPT A WORD.
There is a palace on a pole, a singer in the palace, and his name is ... (starling).

CALL AWESOME:
The nightingale is a nightingale.
Crane - crane.
Swan - swan ... .

WHO - WHO?
The cuckoo has a cuckoo, a cuckoo.
The crane has a crane cub, cubs.
The starling has a starling, a starling.
The swan has a swan, swans.
The rook has a rook, a rook.
A duck has a duckling, ducklings.
The stork has storks, storks.
The goose has a gosling, goslings.

END THE SENTENCE WITH THE WORDS "LONG-LEGED CRANE":
In the field I saw ... (long-legged crane). I watched for a long time ... (long-legged crane). I really liked this beautiful and slender ... (long-legged crane). I wanted to approach ... (long-legged crane). But he got scared and flew away. He flew beautifully, spreading his wings, and circling in the sky ... (long-legged crane). I told my mother about ... (long-legged crane). Mom said that you can’t approach and scare ... (a long-legged crane). I promised my mother not to approach ... (long-legged crane) anymore. Now I will only watch from afar ... (long-legged crane).

CHOOSE THE PREPOSITION REQUIRED IN THE MEANING (FROM, IN, TO, OVER, ON, ON):
Rook flew out... nests. The rook has arrived... a nest. The rook flew up... to the nest. The rook is circling ... in a nest. The rook sat down... on a branch. Rook walks ... arable land.

WE IMPROVE THE ABILITY TO REPRESENT.

RETELL THE STORY ON THE QUESTIONS:
The rooks have arrived.
The rooks arrive first. There is still snow all around, and they are already here. The rooks will rest and begin to build nests. Rooks make their nests on top of a tall tree. Rooks hatch their chicks earlier than other birds.

Which birds arrive first in spring?
What do the rooks immediately start doing?
Where do they build their nests?
When do they hatch chicks?

Harbingers of spring.
The cold winter has passed. Spring is coming. The sun rises higher. It heats up more. The rooks have arrived. The children saw them and shouted: “The rooks have arrived! The Rooks Have Arrived!"

What was the winter like?
What comes after winter?
How warm is the sun in spring?
Who arrived?
Who did the children see?
What did they scream?

RETELL THE STORY IN THE FIRST PERSON:
Sasha decided to make a birdhouse. He took boards, a saw, sawed planks. From them he made a birdhouse. The birdhouse was hung on a tree. May the starlings have a good home.

FINISH THE OFFER:
There is a nest on the tree, and on the trees ... (nests).
On a branch of boughs, and on branches ... .
There is a chick in the nest, and in the nests - ....
There is a tree in the yard, and in the forest - ....

GUESS MYSTERIES:
Without hands, without an ax
Hut built.
(Nest.)

Appeared in a yellow coat
Farewell, two shells.
(Chick.)

On the sixth palace
Singer in the yard
And his name is...
(Starling.)

White-billed, black-eyed,
He importantly walks behind the plow,
Worms, finds bugs.
Faithful watchman, friend of the fields.
The first herald of warm days.
(Rook.)

READ THE POSTS ABOUT BIRDS, LEARN ONE OF THEM BY LOCK.
Starlings.
We even got up at night
Looking out the window into the garden
Well, when, well, when
Will our guests arrive?
And today we looked -
A starling sits on an alder tree.
Arrived, arrived
Finally arrived!

The surrounding world is unique, there is life not only on earth, but also in water, and even in the air. A modern child who grew up in an urbanized society and reached senior preschool age must know not only the objects surrounding him, but also the wildlife of his native land.

Migratory birds - who are they?

It is difficult to tell a child about something that he himself has not seen. That is why it is worth carefully preparing for the story of migratory birds. First of all, you need to find thematic pictures depicting not only migratory birds, but also wintering birds, search the Internet for the sounds they make, their singing.

Try to collect representatives of migratory birds on one paper, and wintering birds on the other, only each image should be signed.

For example, migratory birds include:

• finch,
• wagtail,
• song thrush,
• redstart,
• chiffchaff,
• swallow,
• forest horse,
• robin,
• lapwing,
• lark,
• oriole.

And for the wintering ones:

• sparrows,
• crow,
• tits,
• bullfinch,
• pigeons,
• woodpeckers,
• fourty.

So, the child will not only replenish the vocabulary with new names of birds, but also with images.

To consolidate knowledge, you can make an additional drawing paper with images of birds, where both migratory and wintering birds will be together. After the baby gets acquainted with all the birds, let him tell himself where which bird is and what it's called.

Conduct the conversation in the form of a dialogue. For example, ask: "A tit is a migratory bird or not? Where and when did you see this bird?" Remember together which birds you have seen before, and why some are hard to see during the day.

Migratory birds fly...

It will be interesting for children to find out the reasons for the departure of birds. Tell us that the birds that live in the field, in swamps and ponds fly away for the winter, because the ponds freeze and they cannot get enough food, because they can’t get frogs and fish, and in the field all rodents hide deep in holes . The birds that live in the forest in winter can no longer find insects that fall into a deep sleep or die in the cold season.

Tell your child interesting facts about birds. For example, about the fact that birds fly to distant countries for wintering in the form of figures:

• straight front,
• crowded flock,
• cant,
• wedge.

Flying in a wedge or other pattern has a reason. The wedge is built according to the principle: the strongest and adults fly first, the youngest and weakest follow them. Cutting through the air and creating a powerful stream of air, the leader of the group helps the weak in flight, he also shows the way.

Sometimes there are several leaders in a pack. They fly first in turn, so as not to completely lose their strength and not turn off course. Those who close the wedge constantly make sounds, encouraging leaders and confirming their presence. Do not be lazy and show pictures of the flight of birds, and then a video. The kid will like to carry out logical chains and absorb new knowledge.

Flying birds - video

An older child can be told that migratory birds fly away not only during the onset of cold weather, but also in the middle of summer, that each species of bird behaves differently before flying.

Birds learn about the onset of cold weather and the need to fly away not from the newspaper or the news, their instinct is more eloquent than the media. With it, the bird knows when to start preparing for a long flight, sometimes even they make test flights. Not only the bird is preparing, but also its body. He begins to rebuild so that the bird is ready for hard times.

Where do migratory birds live?

Be sure to tell your child about where the birds live. Birdhouses, nests made of twigs on trees, made of clay and twigs under the roofs of residential buildings, as well as cages - all these are feathered apartments. On the street it is easy to see these houses and show them clearly to the child. It will be interesting for a young naturalist not only to see, but also to make a birdhouse himself.

There is an opportunity to celebrate World Migratory Bird Day with children, which takes place on May 8-9. Have a picnic in nature, take prepared birdhouses with you and hang them on trees. Tell us which birds can choose this house for themselves and their chicks. Among them there can be not only starlings, but also sparrows, tits, birds, for which a house is suitable in size. The next time you visit this place together, the voices of birds will already be heard there.

Books about birds

Now you can find many books with fairy tales, poems, riddles about migratory birds.

Here is a small list of children's writers, poets who wrote about flyers:

• Mikhail Prishvin,
• Korney Chukovsky,
• Vitaly Bianchi,
• Dmitry Kedrin,
• Apollo Maykov,
• Boris Pasternak,
• Ivan Turgenev.

The child will be interested in listening to interesting poems and stories about birds. Learn a poem with your child. This will help him not only improve his memory, but also remember your story for a long time.

Why are migratory birds returning?

Answer more broadly the question of the child, why, after wintering, the birds return to their homeland. After all, the answer is, in fact, simple: in warm countries there is not enough space and food to build a nest and raise offspring. Birds are designed in such a way that if conditions are favorable for rearing chicks, then the brood becomes larger. Competition among species would destroy entire clans of birds. It is the care of future chicks that pushes tailed parents to overcome thousands of kilometers and return home.

Having interested the child, you can sow the seed of curiosity and inquisitiveness, which will undoubtedly help the baby to study perfectly and learn something new every day.

Video lesson "Migratory birds"

According to statistics, in Russia there are more than 60 species of birds that fly to warmer climes for the winter. Seasonal migrations are the prerogative of all migratory birds without exception. Migration takes place both over long and fairly close distances. To understand which species of birds are migratory, it is necessary to understand that their migrations depend on what they, in fact, are. Most of all in the nature of insectivorous birds. They are balanced by carnivorous and granivorous birds.

With the onset of cold weather, all insects that many birds enjoy eating disappear. In this regard, birds have to fly away to where there is never snow, where the abundance of tasty insects does not end all year round. Such migratory birds include robins, finches, and, of course, “spring messengers” - swallows.

Swallows feed on fairly large insects, including dragonflies and May beetles. They catch them on the fly. They winter on the Mediterranean coast. It is curious that some of them generally fly to hot Africa. Therefore, it is simply impossible to meet swallows in Russia in winter.

In winter, rivers and lakes freeze, which poses a great threat, for example, to carnivorous herons that feed on frogs and fish. They also have to leave their homelands. The “vegetarians” who eat herbs and seeds also suffer, because in winter all this is covered with a white sheet of snow. One of the most famous "herbivorous" migratory birds are heat-loving cranes.

If you carefully observe the cranes, you can see that already in September they are preparing to fly away. At this relatively early time for relocation, they are already gathering in flocks. Cranes leave their native lands until spring, saying goodbye to people with their beautiful guttural cry. For complete objectivity, it should be noted that not all types of cranes fly away. This is done only by those who are forced to nest and breed in the northern regions of Russia.

Who stays for the winter?

Only those birds that managed to “find a common language” with humans remain wintering. They are called settled. The most famous of them are pigeons, sparrows, tits. The fact is that they have adapted to eat waste found in landfills and garbage cans. In addition, a person feeds them using special feeders.

Bird "compass"

Scientists have proven that migratory birds are perfectly oriented in the geography of their migrations. They can feel not only latitude, but also longitude, guided by the sun and stars. This is one of the versions of this bird phenomenon.

According to another version, migratory birds return to their permanent nesting sites, focusing on the Earth's magnetic field. An article was published in the journal Nature on this topic. In addition, this has been documented by ornithologists who ring migratory birds and then observe them in the same places for several years in a row.

However, despite this, there is still no consensus among ornithologists and researchers about the work of the so-called bird "compass".