Lesson notes for the senior group “Water transport. Water transport - presentation Introductory speech by the teacher
Tatyana Kiseleva
Lesson notes for the senior group “Water Transport”
Integration of educational areas:"Cognition", "Communication",
Types of children's activities: gaming, educational and research, perception of fiction, communication.
Target: expand your understanding of modes of transport;
fix the names of water modes of transport;
introduce the history of the development of water transport;
cultivate interest in studying the world around us.
Materials and equipment: presentation “Water transport”, “How water transport arose”, illustrations.
1. Introductory word from the teacher.
Guys, today a guest arrived at our kindergarten. He's afraid that you won't recognize him. Guess the riddle, who is he?
This little animal
Not a wolf cub, not a ferret,
Lived in a telephone booth
And he was friends with everyone.
He has a big ears
And he’s Gena’s best friend,
And funny as a tumbler
These are kids,. (Cheburashka.)
Children, do you remember how Cheburashka got into the store? (He sailed on a ship in a box of oranges) Cheburashka really liked it on the ship. Let's take a sea voyage with Cheburashka.
2. Familiarization with water transport.
Guys, Cheburashka has prepared riddles for you. Guess them.
Screening of the presentation “Water transport”
A beautiful palace floats on the sea,
A giant whitens on the waves... (motor ship)
The white goose is swimming -
Wooden belly
The wing is linen. (Yacht)
At sea, in rivers and lakes
I swim, agile and fast.
Among the warships
Known for its ease. (Boat)
A city giant walks
To work in the ocean. (Ship)
Guys, what is the name of everything that we have just looked at, in one word?
How did you guess that this was water transport, and not land or air? (children's answers)
Indeed, it is a water transport because it floats on water.
Modern ships are used in different ways. That's why they have different names. Research vessels are used for science, cargo ships are used to transport goods, warships are used by the army, and fishermen fish on fishing boats.
Cheburashka brought us a new game, let's play.
Didactic game “Rides, swims, flies”
Children choose a picture depicting a vehicle and must take it to the place where the place corresponding to this particular type of transport is depicted (road, sea pier, railway, airfield or sky with clouds).
Well done guys, you really helped Cheburashka figure out these pictures. And we will return to transport that floats on water.
Guys, have you ever traveled by water? And what?
(children's answers).
Cheburashka doesn’t know what professions people work in water transport? (captains, sailors)
Cheburashka is very interested in learning how water transport came into being, aren’t you? (children's answers).
Shall we watch it together?
Showing a presentation about the history of water transport.
In ancient times, when people could not swim long distances, they had a very bad time, because they could not swim to another island or swim across a stormy river. And then one day a man saw animals swimming on a tree fallen by a thunderstorm. And he thought, why am I worse! He sat down on a tree and swam.
The animals floated on a log,
Along the big, big river
The man saw them
Following them
Created a raft.
Then people guessed to hollow out the middle of the log.
First the tree was felled
Then they drilled his insides,
Then they provided me with shovels,
And we were allowed to walk along the river.
The result was the first boat - a dugout.
And then we realized: the boat could float without oars, if only there was wind. They began to catch the wind with wide panels - sails, attached to struts - masts and yards.
The sail is white above the stern
Dragging the ship along.
Gradually they learned to build large ships. For them, the sea-ocean is not scary.
The ships were like this
Like toys they floated.
We sailed for a month
We sailed for a year.
It will take a lot of time
While such a ship
It will reach new shores.
Then they began to make ships from metal.
The metal ship is sailing
It carries people and cargo!
It seemed that there could be no better ships than metal sailboats. But they built a ship with a tall chimney, with wheels on the sides, and inside it there was a steam engine and a boiler. This is how the first steamship appeared.
Beautiful palace
Floats on the sea
Whitens on the waves
Giant steamship.
More and more ships began to ply the seas and oceans.
And today to the oceans
Giants emerge.
White light surprises
The speed of sea missiles.
This, it turns out, is how water transport arose. Cheburashka will definitely tell her friends about this.
Guys, Cheburashka will not understand what is the convenience and benefit of water transport for humans? (children's answers).
I agree with you, the benefit of water transport is that it transports goods, it is convenient to travel on it, and it helps to overcome water spaces.
3. Results of the lesson.
What type of transport were we talking about today?
Our guest learned a lot of interesting things and enjoyed his stay with us. But it’s time for Cheburashka to return to her friends. Let's wish him a happy journey!
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
2 slide
Slide description:
Water transport is a type of transport that carries goods and passengers along waterways, both natural (oceans, seas, rivers, lakes) and artificial (canals, reservoirs). The main means of transport is a ship.
3 slide
Slide description:
Ports (sea and river) are used for loading and unloading; Sea and river stations are being built for passengers.
4 slide
Slide description:
According to the type of water areas used, it is divided into: River transport (transportation on lakes is usually classified as river transport (with the exception of the largest lakes, such as the Caspian Sea); Sea transport.
5 slide
Slide description:
The history of river transport goes back more than one thousand years. It is believed that the first large river ships began to be built in Ancient Egypt back in the fourth millennium BC. e. Ancient river ships were rowed or sailed. Later they began to use traction with the help of horses or people walking along the shore (barge haulers). There were also ships propelled by horses on the ship itself. In the 19th century, steamships began to be used on inland waterways, and the first river motor ship (and generally the first motor ship in the world) was built in 1903 in Russia. River transport
6 slide
Slide description:
Freight transportation Since the speed of cargo river ships is 10-20 km/h, inland waterways mainly transport goods that do not require fast delivery - construction materials (for example, sand, coal, coke, grain, etc.). Oil and petroleum products are also transported along rivers. There are also ships that transport trucks along with their cargo and river container ships. River transport
7 slide
Slide description:
Passenger transportation Traditional river vessels, even modern ones, are characterized by low speed by modern standards (rarely more than 25 km/h), so they cannot compete on equal terms with road and rail transport. Therefore, large passenger ships these days are almost always used to transport tourists (river cruises), as well as to transport passengers to remote areas with no road or rail connections. River transport
8 slide
Slide description:
Special purpose vessels include floating workshops, floating stores, dredging vessels, and ferries. River transport
Slide 9
Slide description:
Most cargo is transported around the world by sea. This is especially true for liquid cargo, such as crude oil, petroleum products, liquefied gas and bulk chemical products. Containers occupy the second place in terms of volume of sea transport. Container ships have pushed universal ships out of the market, since a standard 20- or 40-foot container can accommodate any cargo from needles to cars. Sea transport
10 slide
Slide description:
Currently, maritime transport is an integral part of the global transport system. Maritime transport and its activities are regulated by both national laws and international regulations, conventions and rules, the implementation and observance of which is strictly controlled by all participating countries that have signed certain obligations. Particular attention is paid to the environment and safety of navigation. Considering the volume of cargo that one ship can transport at a time, sea transport cannot be called slow. Example: 300,000 tons of crude oil at one time can be transported from the UK's eastern ports to one of the US east coast ports in ten days. Sea transport
11 slide
Slide description:
Depending on the tasks and type of cargo, maritime transport is divided into: Linear ships - ships that ply along a specific route between several ports on a schedule. Trump ships (English tramp - tramp) make up half of the units of the world fleet and are engaged in the free transportation of random, incidental cargo. They are not tied to specific geographic locations and are not burdened with long-term transportation contracts. Passenger ships and ferries occupy a separate niche in maritime transport. Most often they are linear. The regulatory authorities place very high demands on them in terms of design and supply. Sea transport
12 slide
Slide description:
Advantages: relatively low cost of transportation; large carrying capacity, which allows you to transport large quantities of cargo; There are practically no restrictions on bandwidth; a unified legal and legal field with a 400-year history. Delivery of goods by sea is characterized by its versatility, reliability and low price. This method of transportation is chosen to reduce the cost of transporting goods. Sea transport is especially effective when transporting large volumes. Disadvantages: requires equipped ports; low movement speed. Sea transport
Project topic: “Water transport. What is the role of water transport in the development of humanity? Goal: to study the types and features of water transport and the role of water transport in the development of mankind Plan: 1) What is water transport 2) Types of water transport: A. River 1. History of river transport in Russia 2. Freight transport 3. Passenger transport 4. Ships special purpose A. Morskoy 1. History of maritime transport in Russia 2. Advantages of maritime transport 3. Disadvantages of maritime transport 1) The influence of water transport on the development of mankind 2) Sources of information
History The history of the development of maritime transport dates back to approximately 6-4th millennium BC. e., when man began to need to study and develop the seas. The first seagoing vessels were rowing vessels, which had oars as propulsion. About 3 thousand years BC. e. The sail was invented, which became the main propulsion device of ships for many centuries.
Advantages: relatively low cost of transportation; large carrying capacity, which allows you to transport large quantities of cargo; There are practically no restrictions on bandwidth; a unified legal and legal field with a 400-year history. Delivery of goods by sea is characterized by its versatility, reliability and low price. This method of transportation is chosen to reduce the cost of transporting cargo. Sea transport is especially effective when transporting large volumes.
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Slide captions:
Water transport History of creation Letova I.K. Kindergarten No. 81, Moskovsky district.
To move along rivers and lakes, people made a raft.
Then a boat appeared. Different peoples called boats differently: pirogue, canoe, canoe.
A sail was attached to a large canoe and it turned out to be a sailing ship - a boat.
In addition to sails, oars were installed on ships. People rowed, setting the ship in motion.
Later, ships began to be equipped with multi-tiered sails. This is how a caravel, a frigate, a schooner appeared.
By installing a steam engine on a ship and adapting the blades, man learned to make steamboats.
Later, the steam engine was replaced with a heat engine, which runs on liquid fuel - fuel oil. The ship was called a motor ship.
With the creation of the heat engine, many new inventions appeared. Including a submarine.
Nowadays people have built special ships. They swim by breaking the ice with their strong body. These are icebreakers.
Firefighting ships help fight fires.
Oil ships transport oil.
Ships - cranes help lift and load various cargo.
The ship-airfield was created for naval aviation. From its runway, a plane can take off in the middle of the ocean.
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