Master plans of industrial enterprises. General plans of industrial enterprises Snip ii 2 80 updated version
Building regulations
SNiP II-89-80*
"Master plans for industrial enterprises"
(approved by Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee dated December 30, 1980 N 213)
(as amended January 11, 1985)
1. General Provisions
1.1. The norms of this chapter must be observed when designing master plans for new, expanded and reconstructed industrial enterprises, as well as when developing master plans for groups of enterprises with common facilities (industrial hubs).
2. Location of enterprises
2.1. Designed enterprises, as a rule, should be located as part of a group of enterprises with common facilities * in accordance with the “Instructions for the development of master plans for groups of enterprises with common facilities (industrial nodes).”
2.2. Enterprises and industrial units must be located on the territory provided for by the district planning scheme or project, the general plan of a city or other populated area, or the industrial district planning project.
2.3*. Enterprises, industrial units and associated dumps, waste, and treatment facilities should be located on non-agricultural lands or unsuitable for agriculture.
In the absence of such land, agricultural land plots of poorer quality may be selected.
The placement of enterprises and industrial units on the lands of the state forest fund should be carried out primarily in areas not covered with forest or occupied by shrubs and low-value plantings.
2.4. The placement of enterprises and industrial units on areas where mineral deposits occur is permitted in agreement with the state mining supervision authorities, and on areas where common mineral deposits occur - in the manner established by law.
The placement of enterprises and industrial units is not permitted:
a) in the first zone of the sanitary protection zone of water supply sources;
b) in the first zone of the resort sanitary protection district, if the designed facilities are not directly related to the use of natural healing remedies at the resort;
c) in green areas of cities;
d) on the lands of nature reserves and their protective zones;
e) in zones of protection of historical and cultural monuments without permission from the relevant monument protection authorities;
f) in hazardous areas of rock dumps of coal and shale mines or processing plants;
g) in areas of active karst, landslides, subsidence or collapse of the surface under the influence of mining, mudflows and snow avalanches, which can threaten the development and operation of enterprises;
h) in areas contaminated with organic and radioactive waste, before the expiration of the deadlines established by the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities;
i) in areas of possible catastrophic flooding as a result of the destruction of dams or dams.
Note. A catastrophic flood zone is an area where flooding has a depth of 1.5 m or more and can lead to the destruction of buildings and structures, loss of life, and failure of enterprise equipment.
2.5. The territories of industrial hubs should not, as a rule, be divided into separate sections by railways or roads of the general network.
2.6. The location of enterprises in seismic areas must be provided in accordance with the "Instructions for the location of construction projects and limiting the number of storeys of buildings in seismic areas."
2.7. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, enterprises should, as a rule, be located in areas with rocky, permafrost homogeneous or thawed non-subsidence soils.
With an appropriate feasibility study, it is allowed to locate enterprises in areas with foundation soils having a permafrost temperature close to 0°C, as well as with significant ice saturation and other unfavorable frozen soil conditions.
2.8. When locating enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of atmospheric air, the “USSR Law on the Protection of Atmospheric Air” must be observed.
2.9. When locating enterprises and industrial units that affect the habitat and breeding conditions of animals, the “USSR Law on the Protection and Use of Wildlife” must be observed.
2.10. Enterprises and industrial units with sources of atmospheric air pollution by harmful substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes should not be located in areas with prevailing winds at speeds up to 1 m/s, with long or frequently repeated calms, inversions, fogs (for a year more than 30 - 40%, during winter 50 - 60% of days).
2.11. Enterprises and industrial units with sources of air pollution should be located in relation to residential buildings, taking into account the prevailing wind direction.
Enterprises that require special purity of atmospheric air should not be located on the leeward side of the winds of the prevailing direction in relation to neighboring enterprises with sources of atmospheric air pollution.
2.12. It is necessary to provide a sanitary protection zone between industrial and residential areas.
2.13. Industrial hubs that include enterprises that require the organization of a sanitary protection zone with a width of 500 m or more should not include enterprises that, in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements, can be located near borders or within a residential area.
2.14. Production facilities with sources of external noise with sound levels of 50 dBA or more should be located in relation to residential and public buildings in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on noise protection.
2.15. When locating enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of waters, the “Fundamentals of Water Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics” must be observed.
2.16. The location of enterprises in coastal strips (zones) of water bodies is allowed only if it is necessary to directly adjoin the enterprise site to water bodies in agreement with the authorities for regulating the use and protection of water. The number and length of connections between enterprise sites and water bodies should be minimal.
2.17. When locating enterprises and industrial units on coastal sections of rivers and other bodies of water, the planning marks of enterprise sites must be taken at least 0.5 m above the calculated highest water horizon, taking into account the backwater and slope of the watercourse, as well as the surge from the estimated wave height, determined in accordance with with the head of SNiP on loads and impacts on hydraulic structures...
BUILDING REGULATIONS
MASTER PLANS
INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
SNiPII-89-80 *
Moscow 1994
Chapter SNiP II-89-80 “Master Plans of Industrial Enterprises” was developed by the Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings with the participation of Promtransniproekt Soyuzvodokanalproekt, Promstroyproekt, Leningrad Promstroyproekt, Kharkov Promstroyniproekt, Donetsk Promstroyniproekt, Ural Promstroinniproekt of the USSR State Construction Committee, Tyazhpromelektroproekt named after F.B. Yakubovsky Minmontazhspets building the USSR, TsNIINGurban development Gosgrazhdanstroy VNIPIenergoprom Ministry of Energy USSR, Giproniigaz Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR Higher Fire Engineering School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.
Editors-architect. Yu.V Polyansky(Gosstroy USSR), Ph.D. architect E.S. Matveev, Eng. A. I. Gavrilov, architect I. P. Saint Laurent(TsNIIpromzdany)
SNiP II-89-80 * is a reissue of SNiP II-89-80 with amendments and additions approved by the resolutions of the USSR State Construction Committee and the Russian State Construction Committee as of November 1, 1994.
Sections and paragraphs of the table whose formulas have been amended are marked in these building codes and regulations with an asterisk.
When using a regulatory document, you should take into account the approved changes to building codes and regulations and state standards published in the journal “Bulletin of Construction Technology” and the information index “State Standards” of the State Standard of Russia.
USSR State Committee for Construction Affairs | Building regulations | SNiP II-89-80* |
Master plans for industrial enterprises | Instead of SNiP II- M.1-71 |
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. The norms of this chapter must be observed when designing master plans for new, expanded and reconstructed industrial enterprises, as well as when developing master plans for groups of enterprises with common facilities (industrial hubs).
2. LOCATION OF ENTERPRISES
2.1. Designed enterprises, as a rule, should be located as part of a group of enterprises with common facilities 1 in accordance with the “Instructions for the development of master plans for groups of enterprises with common facilities (industrial nodes).”
1 A group of enterprises with common facilities is hereinafter referred to as an “industrial hub”.
2.2. Enterprises and industrial units must be located on the territory provided for by the district planning scheme or project, the general plan of a city or other populated area, or the industrial district planning project.
2.3*. Enterprises, industrial units and associated dumps, waste, and treatment facilities should be located on non-agricultural lands or unsuitable for agriculture.
In the absence of such land, agricultural land plots of poorer quality may be selected.
The placement of enterprises and industrial units on the lands of the state forest fund should be carried out primarily in areas not covered with forest or occupied by shrubs and low-value plantings.
2.4. The placement of enterprises and industrial units on areas where mineral deposits occur is permitted in agreement with the state mining supervision authorities, and on areas where common mineral deposits occur - in the manner prescribed by law.
The placement of enterprises and industrial units is not permitted:
a) in the first zone of the sanitary protection zone of water supply sources;
b) in the first zone of the resort sanitary protection district, if the designed facilities are not directly related to the use of natural healing remedies at the resort;
c) in green areas of cities;
d) on the lands of nature reserves and their protective zones;
e) in zones of protection of historical and cultural monuments without permission from the relevant monument protection authorities;
f) in hazardous areas of rock dumps of coal and shale mines or processing plants;
g) in areas of active karst, landslides, subsidence or collapse of the surface under the influence of mining, mudflows and snow avalanches, which can threaten the development and operation of enterprises;
h) in areas contaminated with organic and radioactive waste, before the deadline expires. established by the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities;
i) in areas of possible catastrophic flooding as a result of the destruction of dams or dams.
Note. A catastrophic flood zone is an area where flooding has a depth of 1.5 m or more and can lead to the destruction of buildings and structures, loss of life, and failure of enterprise equipment.
2.5. The territories of industrial hubs should not, as a rule, be divided into separate sections by railways or roads of the general network.
2.6. The location of enterprises in seismic areas must be provided in accordance with the “Instructions for the location of construction projects and limiting the number of storeys of buildings in seismic areas.”
2.7. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, enterprises should, as a rule, be located in areas with rocky, permafrost homogeneous or thawed non-subsidence soils.
With an appropriate feasibility study, it is allowed to locate enterprises in areas with foundation soils having a permafrost temperature close to 0 ° C, as well as with significant ice saturation and other unfavorable frozen soil conditions.
2.8. When locating enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of atmospheric air, the “USSR Law on the Protection of Atmospheric Air” must be observed.
2.9. When locating enterprises and industrial units that affect the habitat and breeding conditions of animals, the “USSR Law on the Protection and Use of Wildlife” must be observed.
2.10. Enterprises and industrial units with sources of atmospheric air pollution by harmful substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes should not be located in areas with prevailing winds at speeds up to 1 m/s, with long or frequently repeated calms, inversions, fogs (for a year more than 30-40%, during winter 50-60% of days).
2.11. Enterprises and industrial units with sources of air pollution should be located in relation to residential buildings, taking into account the prevailing wind direction.
Enterprises that require special purity of atmospheric air should not be located on the leeward side of the winds of the prevailing direction in relation to neighboring enterprises with sources of atmospheric air pollution.
2.12. It is necessary to provide a sanitary protection zone between industrial and residential areas.
2.13. Industrial hubs that include enterprises that require the organization of a sanitary protection zone with a width of 500 m or more should not include enterprises that, in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements, can be located near borders or within a residential area.
2.14. Production facilities with sources of external noise with sound levels of 50 dBA or more should be located in relation to residential and public buildings in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on noise protection.
2.15. When locating enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of waters, the “Fundamentals of Water Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics” must be observed.
2.16. The placement of enterprises in coastal strips (zones) of water bodies is allowed only if necessary, the direct adjacency of the enterprise site to water bodies in agreement with the authorities for regulating the use and protection of water. The number and length of connections between enterprise sites and water bodies should be minimal.
2.17. When locating enterprises and industrial units on coastal sections of rivers and other bodies of water, the planning marks of enterprise sites must be taken at least 0.5 m above the calculated highest water horizon, taking into account the backwater and slope of the watercourse, as well as the surge from the estimated wave height, determined in accordance with with the head of SNiP on loads and impacts on hydraulic structures. The calculation horizon should be taken as the highest water level with the probability of exceeding it for enterprises of national economic and defense significance once every 100 years, for other enterprises - once every 50 years, and for enterprises with a service life of up to 10 years - once every 10 years.
Notes: 1. The location of enterprises in areas with more frequent excesses of the water level is permitted subject to an appropriate feasibility study and subject to the construction of the necessary structures to protect enterprises from flooding.
2. The requirements of this paragraph do not apply to enterprises, their individual buildings and structures, as well as to objects for which, according to operating conditions, short-term flooding is allowed.
3. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, buildings and structures in coastal areas should be placed taking into account the increase in the thawing basin of the soil near the shore of the reservoir and the resulting changes in the temperature and hydrogeological regime of the soil.
2.18. Enterprises requiring the construction of cargo berths, piers or other port facilities should be located along the river below the residential area.
2.19. The placement of buildings and structures at a distance of up to 30 km from the boundaries of airfields, and especially tall structures (200 m or more) at a distance of up to 75 km from the boundaries of airfields is allowed, subject to compliance with the requirements of the Air Code of the USSR.
2.20*. In the case of locating enterprises in the area where radio stations, special-purpose facilities, and warehouses of highly toxic substances are located, the distance to the designed enterprises from these facilities must be taken in accordance with the requirements of special standards.
2.21*. The placement of enterprises near facilities for the production and storage of explosives, materials and products based on them should be carried out taking into account the boundaries of prohibited (dangerous) zones and areas, determined according to special regulatory documents approved in the prescribed manner, and in agreement with state supervisory authorities and ministries and departments in charge of these objects.
2.22. The construction of dumps, slag dumps, tailings dumps, waste and refuse from enterprises is allowed only if the impossibility of their disposal is justified, and for industrial units, as a rule, centralized (group) dumps should be provided. Sites for them should be located outside enterprises and zone II of sanitary protection zones of underground water sources in compliance with sanitary standards.
Dumps containing coal, shale, arsenic. lead, mercury and other flammable and toxic substances must be separated from residential and public buildings and structures by a sanitary protection zone. The distance between the dumps of coal or shale mines and production and warehouse buildings must be no less than the value of the dangerous shear zone of the dumps, determined in accordance with the “Safety Rules in Coal and Shale Mines” approved by the USSR Ministry of Coal Industry and the USSR State Mining and Technical Supervision Authority in the prescribed manner.
Note. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, between dumps, buildings and structures, in addition to the indicated zones, distances must be maintained to ensure the preservation of the design temperature regime of frozen soils at the bases of these buildings and structures.
3. LAYOUT OF THE TERRITORY
LAYOUT, PLACEMENT OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
3.1*. The layout of enterprise sites and territories of industrial hubs should provide the most favorable conditions for the production process and labor at enterprises, rational and economical use of land plots and the greatest efficiency of capital investments.
The master plans of reconstructed industrial enterprises and the master plans of established industrial districts should provide for the streamlining of functional zoning and the placement of utility networks.
3.2*. Distances between buildings, structures, including utility networks, should be taken as minimally acceptable, while the density of development of enterprise sites should be no less than specified in application.
3.3*. The master plans of enterprises and industrial units should provide for:
a) functional zoning of the territory, taking into account technological connections, sanitary, hygienic and fire safety requirements, freight turnover and modes of transport;
b) rational production, transport and engineering connections at enterprises, between them and residential areas;
c) cooperation of main and auxiliary production and farms, including similar production and farms serving the residential part of the city or locality;
d) intensive use of the territory, including above-ground and underground space with the necessary and justified reserves for the expansion of enterprises:
e) organization of a unified network of services for workers;
f) the possibility of construction and commissioning of launch complexes or queues:
g) improvement of the territory (site);
h) creation of a unified architectural ensemble in conjunction with the architecture of adjacent enterprises and residential buildings;
i) protection of adjacent territories from erosion, swamping, salinization and pollution of groundwater and open water bodies with sewage, waste and waste from enterprises;
j) restoration (reclamation) of lands allocated for temporary use that were disturbed during construction.
3.4. The master plan of the enterprise should take into account the natural features of the construction area:
a) air temperature, as well as the prevailing wind direction;
b) possible changes in the existing regime of permafrost soils during the construction and operation of buildings and structures;
c) the possibility of large snow deposits due to the presence of hills or elevations on the leeward side of the planned development areas;
d) changes in the regime of supra-permafrost waters as a result of site development and the impact of these changes on the thermal regime of permafrost soils.
3.5. On the sites of enterprises and the territory of industrial hubs, production should be located taking into account the exclusion of harmful effects on workers, technological processes, raw materials, equipment and products of other enterprises, as well as on the health and sanitary living conditions of the population.
3.6. Auxiliary buildings should be located outside the circulation zone (aerodynamic shadow) formed by buildings and structures if there are sources of air pollution on the site with harmful substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes.
3.7. Garages of enterprises should be provided only for specialized vehicles (emergency technical assistance, technical equipment for cleaning and maintaining the territory, rescue and fire services). If there are no automobile facilities for servicing enterprises in the construction area, it is allowed to provide enterprises with garages for at least 15 trucks.
3.8. According to functional use, the enterprise site should be divided into zones:
a) pre-factory (outside the fence or conventional boundary of the enterprise);
b) production;
c) utility room;
d) warehouse;
The territory of an industrial hub should be divided into zones:
e) community center;
c) enterprise sites;
g) common facilities of auxiliary production and farms.
The division into zones can be specified taking into account specific construction conditions.
3.9*. The pre-factory zone of the enterprise should be located on the side of the main entrances and approaches of those working at the enterprise (in connection with urban planning requirements).
The size of pre-factory zones of enterprises (ha per 1000 workers) should be taken on the basis of:
0.8 - with the number of employees up to 0.5 thousand.
0.7 - ““ “ more than 0.5 to 1 thousand.
0.6- « « « « 1 « 4 thousand.
0.5- « « « « 4 « 10 thousand.
0.4- « « « « 10 thousand.
Note. When the enterprise operates in three shifts, the number of workers in the first and second shifts should be taken into account.
3.10. The composition of the public center of an industrial hub should be determined in each specific case based on the urban planning situation, the presence of enterprises serving the production, technological and sanitary-hygienic characteristics of individual enterprises, and the architectural and planning solution of the industrial hub.
As a rule, the public center should include production management institutions, public catering establishments, vocational and secondary educational institutions, specialized healthcare institutions, and consumer service enterprises.
3.11. In the area of common facilities of auxiliary production and farms, it is necessary, as a rule, to locate facilities for energy supply, water supply and sewerage, transport, repair facilities, fire stations, and waste disposal facilities of an industrial unit.
Duplication of the listed industries and farms is permitted in accordance with the assignment for the development of a master plan for an industrial hub.
3.12*. In pre-factory areas and in public centers of industrial hubs, open areas for parking cars should be provided in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements.
Open areas for parking cars for disabled people may be located on the territory of the enterprise.
3.13. Entrance points of enterprises should be located at a distance of no more than 1.5 km from each other, and in the Northern construction-climatic zone - no more than 1 km.
3.14. The distance from the passage points to the entrances to the sanitary premises of the main workshops, as a rule, should not exceed 800 m.
The specified distance should be reduced at enterprises located in climatic subregions IA IB IG and IIA to 300 m, and in climatic region IV - to 400 m.
At large distances from the entrance gates to the most remote sanitary facilities on the enterprise site, in-plant passenger transport must be provided.
3.15. The distance from workplaces on the enterprise site to sanitary premises should be taken in accordance with the chapter of SNiP for the design of auxiliary buildings and premises of industrial enterprises.
3.16*. In front of passage points and entrances to sanitary facilities, canteens and control buildings, areas should be provided at the rate of no more than 0.15 m2 per person of the most numerous shift.
At enterprises where it is possible to employ disabled people using wheelchairs, entrances to production, administrative, and other auxiliary buildings should be equipped with ramps with a slope of no more than 1:12.
3.17. In the Northern construction-climatic zone in areas where the number of days with unfavorable conditions is more than 30% of the period of the year with an average daily air temperature of 0 ° C and below, as well as in areas with snow transfer of more than 400 m 3 per 1 m of transport front per year for pedestrians paths on enterprise sites should provide for the construction of unheated galleries.
Note.TO unfavorable conditions include the following combinations of average daily air temperature t and wind speed V:
t = minus 26 ° C and below at any wind speed;
t = from minus 26° to minus 35°C at V=1.5 m/s or more;
t = from minus 16 ° to minus 25 ° C at V = 2.5 m/s or more;
t = from minus 10° to minus 15°C at V=3.5 m/s or more.
3.18. Sites for the expansion of enterprises or industrial hubs should, as a rule, be planned outside the boundaries of their sites.
Reservation of areas on the enterprise site for the development of individual workshops or production facilities may only be provided in accordance with the design assignment.
3.19. The master plan of the expanded and reconstructed enterprise should provide for:
a) organization (if necessary) of a sanitary protection zone;
b) linkage with the planning and development of adjacent residential and other functional areas of the city;
c) gradual improvement of the functional zoning and planning solutions for individual zones of the enterprise site and its improvement without stopping the main production of the enterprise;
d) increasing the efficiency of use of the territory;
e) consolidation of disparate production and auxiliary facilities;
f) increasing the architectural expressiveness of the development;
3.20*. At the sites of industrial enterprises, the minimum required number of buildings should be provided. Production support and storage facilities should be combined into one or more large buildings. The placement of detached buildings is allowed only if there is a feasibility study or technological necessity.
Note. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, it should, as a rule, provide for the integration of industries and farms in one building of a rectangular configuration without height differences.
3.21. Based on the specifics of production and natural conditions, buildings and structures should be placed taking into account compliance with the following requirements:
a) the longitudinal axes of the building and skylights should be oriented within the range from 45 to 1 10 ° to the meridian;
b) the longitudinal axes of aeration lamps and the walls of buildings with openings used for aeration of premises should be oriented in plan perpendicularly or at an angle of at least 45° to the prevailing direction of the summer winds;
c) in areas with a snow cover of more than 50 cm or with an amount of transferred snow of more than 200 m 3 per 1 m of transfer front per year, through ventilation of the enterprise site should be provided. To do this, the main passages, longitudinal axes of large buildings and lanterns should be located at an angle of no more than 45 ° to the prevailing direction of winds in the winter period of the year, and in the Northern construction-climatic zone - no more than 20 ° to the prevailing direction of snow transfer along the snow transport rose;
d) in areas of mass transport of sand by winds, the longest and tallest buildings must be located on the windward side of the site perpendicular to the flow of transported sand, and also provide strips of green spaces (at least 20 m wide) or fencing panels.
3.22*. Buildings forming semi-enclosed courtyards are allowed to be used in cases where another planning solution cannot be made due to technology or reconstruction conditions.
Semi-enclosed yards should be located with the long side parallel to the prevailing wind direction or with a deviation of no more than 45 °, while the open side of the yard should face the windward side of the prevailing wind direction.
BUILDING REGULATIONS
MASTER PLANS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
SNiP II-89-80 *
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION
Chapter SNiP II-89-80 “Master Plans of Industrial Enterprises” was developed by the Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings with the participation of Promtransniproekt Soyuzvodokanalproekt, Promstroyproekt, Leningrad Promstroyproekt, Kharkov Promstroyniproekt, Donetsk Promstroyniproekt, Ural Promstroinniproekt of the USSR State Construction Committee, Tyazhpromelektroproekt named after F. B. Yakubovsky Min. installation of special construction of the USSR, TsNIINGurban development Gosgrazhdanstroy VNIPIenergoprom Ministry of Energy USSR, Giproniigaz Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR Higher Fire Engineering School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.
Editors-architect. Yu.V Polyansky(Gosstroy USSR), Ph.D. architect E.S. Matveev, Eng. A. I. Gavrilov, architect I. P. Saint Laurent(TsNIIpromzdany)
SNiP II-89-80 * is a reissue of SNiP II-89-80 with amendments and additions approved by the resolutions of the USSR State Construction Committee and the Russian State Construction Committee as of November 1, 1994.
Sections and paragraphs of the table whose formulas have been amended are marked in these building codes and regulations with an asterisk.
When using a regulatory document, you should take into account the approved changes to building codes and regulations and state standards published in the journal “Bulletin of Construction Equipment” and the information index “State Standards” of the State Standard of Russia.
1. General Provisions
1.1. The norms of this chapter must be observed when designing master plans for new, expanded and reconstructed industrial enterprises, as well as when developing master plans for groups of enterprises with common facilities (industrial hubs).
2. Location of enterprises
2.1. Designed enterprises, as a rule, should be located as part of a group of enterprises with common facilities 1 in accordance with the “Instructions for the development of master plans for groups of enterprises with common facilities (industrial nodes).”
2.2. Enterprises and industrial units must be located on the territory provided for by the district planning scheme or project, the general plan of a city or other populated area, or the industrial district planning project.
2.3*. Enterprises, industrial units and associated dumps, waste, and treatment facilities should be located on non-agricultural lands or unsuitable for agriculture.
In the absence of such land, agricultural land plots of poorer quality may be selected.
The placement of enterprises and industrial units on the lands of the state forest fund should be carried out primarily in areas not covered with forest or occupied by shrubs and low-value plantings.
2.4. The placement of enterprises and industrial units on areas where mineral deposits occur is permitted in agreement with the state mining supervision authorities, and on areas where common mineral deposits occur - in the manner prescribed by law.
The placement of enterprises and industrial units is not permitted:
a) in the first zone of the sanitary protection zone of water supply sources;
b) in the first zone of the resort sanitary protection district, if the designed facilities are not directly related to the use of natural healing remedies at the resort;
c) in green areas of cities;
d) on the lands of nature reserves and their protective zones;
e) in zones of protection of historical and cultural monuments without permission from the relevant monument protection authorities;
f) in hazardous areas of rock dumps of coal and shale mines or processing plants;
g) in areas of active karst, landslides, subsidence or collapse of the surface under the influence of mining, mudflows and snow avalanches, which can threaten the development and operation of enterprises;
h) in areas contaminated with organic and radioactive waste, before the deadline expires. established by the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities;
i) in areas of possible catastrophic flooding as a result of the destruction of dams or dams.
Note. A catastrophic flood zone is an area where flooding has a depth of 1.5 m or more and can lead to the destruction of buildings and structures, loss of life, and failure of enterprise equipment.
2.5. The territories of industrial hubs should not, as a rule, be divided into separate sections by railways or roads of the general network.
2.6. The location of enterprises in seismic areas must be provided in accordance with the “Instructions for the location of construction projects and limiting the number of storeys of buildings in seismic areas.”
2.7. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, enterprises should, as a rule, be located in areas with rocky, permafrost homogeneous or thawed non-subsidence soils.
With an appropriate feasibility study, it is allowed to locate enterprises in areas with foundation soils having a permafrost temperature close to 0 ° C, as well as with significant ice saturation and other unfavorable frozen soil conditions.
2.8. When locating enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of the atmosphere air, the “USSR Law on the Protection of Atmospheric Air” must be observed. ____________________
1 A group of enterprises with common facilities is hereinafter referred to as an “industrial hub”.
2.9. When locating enterprises and industrial units that affect the habitat and breeding conditions of animals, the “USSR Law on the Protection and Use of Wildlife” must be observed.
2.10. Enterprises and industrial units with sources of atmospheric air pollution by harmful substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes should not be located in areas with prevailing winds at speeds up to 1 m/s, with long or frequently repeated calms, inversions, fogs (for a year more than 30-40%, during winter 50-60% of days).
2.11. Enterprises and industrial units with sources of air pollution should be located in relation to residential buildings, taking into account the prevailing wind direction.
Enterprises that require special purity of atmospheric air should not be located on the leeward side of the winds of the prevailing direction in relation to neighboring enterprises with sources of atmospheric air pollution.
2.12. It is necessary to provide a sanitary protection zone between industrial and residential areas.
2.13. Industrial hubs that include enterprises that require the organization of a sanitary protection zone with a width of 500 m or more should not include enterprises that, in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements, can be located near borders or within a residential area.
2.14. Production facilities with sources of external noise with sound levels of 50 dBA or more should be located in relation to residential and public buildings in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on noise protection.
2.15. When locating enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of waters, the “Fundamentals of Water Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics” must be observed.
2.16. The placement of enterprises in coastal strips (zones) of water bodies is allowed only if necessary, the direct adjacency of the enterprise site to water bodies in agreement with the authorities for regulating the use and protection of water. The number and length of connections between enterprise sites and water bodies should be minimal.
2.17. When locating enterprises and industrial units on coastal sections of rivers and other bodies of water, the planning marks of enterprise sites must be taken at least 0.5 m above the calculated highest water horizon, taking into account the backwater and slope of the watercourse, as well as the surge from the estimated wave height, determined in accordance with with the head of SNiP on loads and impacts on hydraulic structures. The calculation horizon should be taken as the highest water level with the probability of exceeding it for enterprises of national economic and defense significance once every 100 years, for other enterprises - once every 50 years, and for enterprises with a service life of up to 10 years - once every 10 years.
Notes: 1. The location of enterprises in areas with more frequent excesses of the water level is permitted subject to an appropriate feasibility study and subject to the construction of the necessary structures to protect enterprises from flooding.
2. The requirements of this paragraph do not apply to enterprises, their individual buildings and structures, as well as to objects for which, according to operating conditions, short-term flooding is allowed.
3. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, buildings and structures in coastal areas should be placed taking into account the increase in the thawing basin of the soil near the shore of the reservoir and the resulting changes in the temperature and hydrogeological regime of the soil.
2.18. Enterprises requiring the construction of cargo berths, piers or other port facilities should be located along the river below the residential area.
2.19. The placement of buildings and structures at a distance of up to 30 km from the boundaries of airfields, and especially tall structures (200 m or more) at a distance of up to 75 km from the boundaries of airfields is allowed, subject to compliance with the requirements of the Air Code of the USSR.
2.20*. In the case of locating enterprises in the area where radio stations, special-purpose facilities, and warehouses of highly toxic substances are located, the distance to the designed enterprises from these facilities must be taken in accordance with the requirements of special standards.
2.21*. The placement of enterprises near facilities for the production and storage of explosives, materials and products based on them should be carried out taking into account the boundaries of prohibited (dangerous) zones and areas, determined according to special regulatory documents approved in the prescribed manner, and in agreement with state supervisory authorities and ministries and departments in charge of these objects.
2.22. The construction of dumps, slag dumps, tailings dumps, waste and refuse from enterprises is allowed only if the impossibility of their disposal is justified, and for industrial units, as a rule, centralized (group) dumps should be provided. Sites for them should be located outside enterprises and zone II of sanitary protection zones of underground water sources in compliance with sanitary standards.
Dumps containing coal, shale, arsenic. lead, mercury and other flammable and toxic substances must be separated from residential and public buildings and structures by a sanitary protection zone. The distance between the dumps of coal or shale mines and production and warehouse buildings must be no less than the value of the dangerous shear zone of the dumps, determined in accordance with the “Safety Rules in Coal and Shale Mines” approved by the USSR Ministry of Coal Industry and the USSR State Mining and Technical Supervision Authority in the prescribed manner.
Note. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, between dumps, buildings and structures, in addition to the indicated zones, distances must be maintained to ensure the preservation of the design temperature regime of frozen soils at the bases of these buildings and structures.
Created 04/25/2011 22:04
SP 18.13330.2011
Set of rules
Master plans for industrial enterprises
Updated edition of SNiP II-89-80*
1. General Provisions
1.1. The norms of this chapter must be observed when designing master plans for new, expanded and reconstructed industrial enterprises, as well as when developing master plans for groups of enterprises with common facilities (industrial hubs).
2. Location of enterprises
2.1. Designed enterprises, as a rule, should be located as part of a group of enterprises with common facilities* in accordance with the “Instructions for the development of master plans for groups of enterprises with common facilities (industrial nodes).”
2.2. Enterprises and industrial units must be located on the territory provided for by the territorial planning scheme of the municipal district, the master plan of the settlement, urban district, and the planning project for the corresponding territory.
2.3*. Enterprises, industrial units and associated dumps, waste, and treatment facilities should be located on lands for industrial purposes, as well as other lands for non-agricultural purposes or unsuitable for agriculture.
In the absence of such land, agricultural land plots of poorer quality may be selected.
The placement of enterprises and industrial units on the lands of the state forest fund should be carried out primarily in areas not covered with forest or occupied by shrubs and low-value plantings.
2.4. The placement of enterprises and industrial units on areas where mineral deposits occur is permitted in agreement with the state mining supervision authorities, and on areas where common mineral deposits occur - in the manner prescribed by law.
The placement of enterprises and industrial units is not permitted:
a) in the first zone of the sanitary protection zone of water supply sources;
b) in the first zone of the resort sanitary protection district, if the designed facilities are not directly related to the use of natural healing remedies at the resort;
c) in green areas of cities;
d) on lands of specially protected areas, incl. nature reserves and their protected zones;
e) in zones of protection of historical and cultural monuments without permission from the relevant monument protection authorities;
f) in hazardous areas of rock dumps of coal and shale mines or processing plants;
g) in areas of active karst, landslides, subsidence or collapse of the surface under the influence of mining, mudflows and snow avalanches, which can threaten the development and operation of enterprises;
h) in areas contaminated with organic and radioactive waste, before the expiration of the deadlines established by the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities;
i) in areas of possible catastrophic flooding as a result of the destruction of dams or dams.
Note. A catastrophic flood zone is an area where flooding has a depth of 1.5 m or more and can lead to the destruction of buildings and structures, loss of life, and failure of enterprise equipment.
2.5. The territories of industrial hubs should not, as a rule, be divided into separate sections by railways or roads of the general network.
2.6. The location of enterprises in seismic areas must be provided in accordance with the "Instructions for the location of construction projects and limiting the number of storeys of buildings in seismic areas."
2.7. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, enterprises should, as a rule, be located in areas with rocky, permafrost homogeneous or thawed non-subsidence soils.
With an appropriate feasibility study, it is allowed to locate enterprises in areas with foundation soils having a permafrost temperature close to 0°C, as well as with significant ice saturation and other unfavorable frozen soil conditions.
2.8. When locating enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of atmospheric air, the Federal Law of May 4, 1999 No. 96-FZ “On the Protection of Atmospheric Air” must be observed.
2.9. When locating enterprises and industrial units that affect the habitat and breeding conditions of animals, the Federal Law “On Animal World” dated April 24, 1995 No. 52-FZ must be observed.
2.10. Enterprises and industrial units with sources of atmospheric air pollution by harmful substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes should not be located in areas with prevailing winds at speeds up to 1 m/s, with long or frequently repeated calms, inversions, fogs (for a year more than 30 - 40%, during winter 50 - 60% of days).
2.11. Enterprises and industrial units with sources of air pollution should be located in relation to residential buildings, taking into account the prevailing wind direction.
Enterprises that require special purity of atmospheric air should not be located on the leeward side of the winds of the prevailing direction in relation to neighboring enterprises with sources of atmospheric air pollution.
2.12. It is necessary to provide a sanitary protection zone between industrial and residential areas.
2.13. Industrial hubs that include enterprises that require the organization of a sanitary protection zone with a width of 500 m or more should not include enterprises that, in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements, can be located near borders or within a residential area.
2.14. Production facilities with sources of external noise with sound levels of 50 dBA or more should be located in relation to residential and public buildings in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on noise protection.
2.15. When locating enterprises and industrial units that affect the state of water, the “Water Code of the Russian Federation” dated November 16, 1995 No. 167-FZ (as amended on December 30, 2001) must be observed.
2.16. The location of enterprises in coastal strips (zones) of water bodies is allowed only if it is necessary to directly adjoin the enterprise site to water bodies in agreement with the authorities for regulating the use and protection of water. The number and length of connections between enterprise sites and water bodies should be minimal.
2.17. When locating enterprises and industrial units on coastal sections of rivers and other bodies of water, the planning marks of enterprise sites must be taken at least 0.5 m above the calculated highest water horizon, taking into account the backwater and slope of the watercourse, as well as the surge from the estimated wave height, determined in accordance with with the head of SNiP on loads and impacts on hydraulic structures.
The calculation horizon should be taken as the highest water level with the probability of exceeding it for enterprises of national economic and defense significance once every 100 years, for other enterprises - once every 50 years, and for enterprises with a service life of up to 10 years - once every 10 years.
Notes: 1. The location of enterprises in areas with more frequent excesses of the water level is permitted subject to an appropriate feasibility study and subject to the construction of the necessary structures to protect enterprises from flooding.
2. The requirements of this paragraph do not apply to enterprises, their individual buildings and structures, as well as to objects for which, according to operating conditions, short-term flooding is allowed.
3. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, buildings and structures in coastal areas should be placed taking into account the increase in the thawing basin of the soil near the shore of the reservoir and the resulting changes in the temperature and hydrogeological regime of the soil.
2.18. Enterprises requiring the construction of cargo berths, piers or other port facilities should be located along the river below the residential area.
2.19. The procedure for approving the location of industrial enterprises, buildings, structures, radio engineering and other objects that may threaten the safety of aircraft flights or interfere with the normal operation of radio equipment at airfields should be adopted in accordance with SNiP II-60-75.
2.20*. In the case of locating enterprises in the area where radio stations, special-purpose facilities, and warehouses of highly toxic substances are located, the distance to the designed enterprises from these facilities must be taken in accordance with the requirements of special standards.
2.21*. The placement of enterprises near facilities for the production and storage of explosives, materials and products based on them should be carried out taking into account the boundaries of prohibited (dangerous) zones and areas, determined according to special regulatory documents approved in the prescribed manner, and in agreement with state supervisory authorities and ministries and departments in charge of these objects.
2.22. The construction of dumps, slag dumps, tailings dumps, waste and refuse from enterprises is allowed only if the impossibility of their disposal is justified, and for industrial units, as a rule, centralized (group) dumps should be provided. Sites for them should be located outside enterprises and zone II of sanitary protection zones of underground water sources in compliance with sanitary standards.
Dumps containing coal, shale, arsenic, lead, mercury and other flammable and toxic substances must be separated from residential and public buildings and structures by a sanitary protection zone.
The distance between the dumps of coal or shale mines and production and storage buildings must be no less than the value of the hazardous shear zone of the dumps, determined in accordance with the "Safety Rules in Coal and Shale Mines", approved in the prescribed manner.
Note. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, between dumps, buildings and structures, in addition to the indicated zones, distances must be maintained to ensure the preservation of the design temperature regime of frozen soils at the bases of these buildings and structures.
3. Territory planning
Layout, placement of buildings and structures
3.1*. The layout of sites (sites) of enterprises, technology parks and territories of industrial hubs should provide the most favorable conditions for the production process and labor at enterprises, rational and economical use of land plots and the greatest efficiency of capital investments.
The master plans of reconstructed industrial enterprises and established industrial areas should provide for the streamlining of functional zoning and the placement of utility networks.
3.2*. Distances between buildings and structures, including utility networks, should be taken as minimally acceptable, while the density of development of areas (sites) of enterprises should be no less than specified in the application.
3.3*. Master plans for enterprises, technology parks and industrial hubs should include:
a) functional zoning of the territory, taking into account technological connections, sanitary, hygienic and fire safety requirements, freight turnover and modes of transport;
b) rational production, transport and engineering connections at enterprises, between them with residential and other territorial areas;
c) cooperation between areas of main and auxiliary production and farms, including similar production and farms serving residential and other territorial zones of a city or populated area;
d) intensive use of the territory, including above-ground and underground space with the necessary and justified reserves for the expansion of enterprises;
e) organization of a unified service network for workers;
f) the possibility of construction and commissioning of launch complexes or queues;
g) improvement of the territory of the site (site);
h) creation of a unified architectural ensemble in conjunction with the architecture of adjacent enterprises and residential buildings;
i) protection of adjacent territories from erosion, swamping, salinization and pollution of groundwater and open water bodies with sewage, waste and waste from enterprises;
j) restoration (reclamation) of lands allocated for temporary use that were disturbed during construction.
3.4. The master plan for the development of an enterprise site or a technology park should take into account the natural features of the construction area:
a) air temperature, as well as the prevailing wind direction;
b) possible changes in the existing regime of permafrost soils during the construction and operation of buildings and structures;
c) the possibility of large snow deposits due to the presence of hills or elevations on the leeward side of the planned development areas;
d) changes in the regime of supra-permafrost waters as a result of site development and the impact of these changes on the thermal regime of permafrost soils.
3.5. On sites (sites) of enterprises, technology parks and territories of industrial hubs, production should be located taking into account the exclusion of harmful effects on workers, technological processes, raw materials, equipment and products of other enterprises, as well as on the health and sanitary living conditions of the population.
3.6. Auxiliary buildings should be located outside the circulation zone (aerodynamic shadow) formed by buildings and structures, if there are sources of air pollution on the site (site) with harmful substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes.
3.7. Garages of enterprises should be provided for specialized vehicles (emergency technical assistance, technical means for cleaning and maintaining the territory, rescue and fire services), as well as other vehicles that ensure the functioning of production. If there are no automobile facilities for servicing enterprises in the construction area, it is allowed to provide enterprises with garages for at least 15 trucks.
3.8. According to the functional use of the territory of the enterprise, groups of enterprises, including in the form of technology parks, innovation parks, etc. should be divided into zones:
a) pre-factory (outside the site or border of the enterprise, technology park);
b) production, including areas for research purposes and pilot production;
c) utility room;
d) warehouse;
c) master plans and projects for planning territories for the location of industrial enterprises, technology parks in the relevant territorial zones, the following zones should be distinguished:
e) community center;
f) sites (sites) of enterprises, technology parks, including sites located within technology parks, innovation parks and other integrated production facilities;
g) common facilities of auxiliary production and farms.
The division into zones can be specified taking into account specific construction conditions.
3.9*. The pre-factory zone of an enterprise or technology park should be located on the side of the main entrances and approaches of those working at the enterprise (in connection with urban planning requirements).
The size of pre-factory zones of enterprises (ha per 1000 workers) should be taken on the basis of:
3.10. The composition of the public center of an industrial hub, geographically uniting two or more sections of industrial enterprises, technology parks, should be determined in each specific case based on the urban planning situation, the availability of service facilities, production, technological and sanitary-hygienic features of individual enterprises, and the architectural and planning solution of the industrial hub.
As a rule, a public center should include office, administrative, hotel, trade and commercial facilities, as well as vocational and secondary educational institutions, specialized healthcare institutions, and consumer service enterprises.
3.11. In the area of common facilities of auxiliary production and farms, it is necessary, as a rule, to locate facilities for energy supply, water supply and sewerage, transport, repair facilities, fire stations, and waste disposal facilities of an industrial unit.
Duplication of the listed industries and farms is permitted in accordance with the assignment for the development of a master plan for an industrial hub.
3.12*. In pre-factory areas and in public centers of industrial hubs to serve visitors to the facilities specified in clause 3.10, parking spaces for passenger cars should be provided in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements.
Parking and storage areas for cars of persons working at enterprises and technology parks should be located on the territory of the enterprise or technology park.
3.13. Entrance points of enterprises should be located at a distance of no more than 1.5 km from each other, and in the Northern construction-climatic zone - no more than 1 km.
3.14. The distance from the passage points to the entrances to the sanitary premises of the main workshops, as a rule, should not exceed 800 m.
The specified distance should be reduced at enterprises located in climatic subregions IA, IB, IG and IIA to 300 m, and in climatic region IV - to 400 m.
At large distances from the entrance gates to the most remote sanitary facilities on the enterprise site, in-plant passenger transport must be provided.
3.15. The distance from workplaces on the enterprise site to sanitary premises should be taken in accordance with the chapter of SNiP for the design of auxiliary buildings and premises of industrial enterprises.
3.16*. In front of checkpoints and entrances to sanitary facilities, canteens and administration buildings, areas should be provided at the rate of no more than 0.15 per person. the most numerous shift.
At enterprises where it is possible to employ disabled people using wheelchairs, entrances to production, administrative, and other auxiliary buildings should be equipped with ramps with a slope of no more than 1:12.
3.17. In the Northern construction-climatic zone in areas where the number of days with unfavorable conditions is more than 30% of the period of the year with an average daily air temperature of 0°C and below, as well as in areas with snow transfer of more than 400 per 1 m of transfer front per year for pedestrian paths Unheated galleries should be provided at enterprise sites.
3.18. Sites for the expansion of enterprises, technology parks, and industrial hubs can be planned outside the boundaries of their sites. Reservation of space on the enterprise site for the development of individual workshops or production facilities may only be provided in accordance with the design assignment.
3.19. The master plan of the expanded and reconstructed enterprise should provide for:
a) organization (if necessary) of a sanitary protection zone;
b) linkage with the planning and development of adjacent residential and other territorial zones of the city;
c) gradual improvement of the functional zoning and planning solutions for individual zones of the enterprise site and its improvement without stopping the main production of the enterprise;
d) increasing the efficiency of use of the territory;
e) consolidation of disparate production and auxiliary facilities;
f) increasing the architectural expressiveness of the development.
3.20*. At sites (sites) of industrial enterprises, the minimum required number of buildings should be provided. Production, auxiliary and warehouse premises should be combined into one or more large buildings. The placement of detached buildings is allowed only if there is a feasibility study or technological necessity.
Note. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, it should, as a rule, provide for the integration of industries and farms in one building of a rectangular configuration without height differences.
3.21. Based on the specifics of production and natural conditions, buildings and structures should be placed taking into account compliance with the following requirements:
a) the longitudinal axes of the building and skylights should be oriented within the range from 45 to 110° to the meridian;
b) the longitudinal axes of aeration lamps and the walls of buildings with openings used for aeration of premises should be oriented in plan perpendicularly or at an angle of at least 45° to the prevailing direction of the summer winds;
c) in areas with snow cover of more than 50 cm or with the amount of snow transported more than 200 per 1 m of transport front per year, through ventilation of the enterprise site should be provided. To do this, the main passages, longitudinal axes of large buildings and lanterns should be located at an angle of no more than 45° to the prevailing direction of winds in the winter period of the year, and in the Northern construction-climatic zone - no more than 20° to the prevailing direction of snow transfer along the snow transport rose;
d) in areas of mass transport of sand by winds, the longest and tallest buildings must be located on the windward side of the site perpendicular to the flow of transported sand, and also provide strips of green spaces (at least 20 m wide) or fencing panels.
3.22*. Buildings forming semi-enclosed courtyards are allowed to be used in cases where another planning solution cannot be made due to technology or reconstruction conditions.
Semi-enclosed yards should be located with the long side parallel to the prevailing wind direction or with a deviation of no more than 45°, while the open side of the yard should face the windward side of the prevailing wind direction.
The width of a semi-enclosed courtyard for buildings illuminated through window openings must be at least half the sum of the heights to the top of the eaves of the opposing buildings forming the courtyard, but not less than 15 m.
In the absence of harmful industrial emissions into the yard, the width of the yard can be reduced to 12 m.
Notes: 1. A yard is considered semi-closed if it is built up on three sides with buildings adjacent to each other and having a depth-to-width ratio of more than one in plan.
2*. If the ratio of the depth of the yard to its width is more than 3, if there is a possibility of accumulation of industrial hazards in the yard, it is necessary to provide an opening for ventilation with a width of at least 4 m and a height of at least 4.5 m. The bottom of the opening must coincide with the planning marks adjacent territory. The installation of gates, fences and other structures in the opening that interfere with the functional purpose of the opening is not allowed.
3. In the Northern construction-climatic zone and in areas with a hot and dry climate, the open side of a semi-enclosed yard should face the leeward side of the prevailing winds. If the yard is oriented differently, buildings or fences must be placed in front of its open part.
3.23*. The use of buildings forming courtyards closed on all sides is permitted only if there are technological or planning justifications and in compliance with the following conditions:
a) the width of the yard should, as a rule, be no less than the greatest height to the top of the eaves of the buildings forming the yard, but not less than 18 m;
b) through ventilation of the yard must be ensured by installing openings in buildings with a width of at least 4 m and a height of at least 4.5 m in case of the possibility of accumulation of harmful substances.
3.24. In closed and semi-enclosed courtyards, extensions to buildings, as well as the placement of separate buildings or structures, as a rule, are not allowed.
Notes: 1*. In exceptional cases, with appropriate justification, it is allowed to build extensions in the indicated courtyards with production facilities that do not emit harmful emissions, provided that the extension will occupy no more than 25% of the length of the wall, and the width of the yard at the location of the extension will be no less than half the sum of the heights of the opposing buildings forming the yard, as well as compliance with the required fire distances.
2. Free-standing energy or ventilation structures may be located in semi-enclosed courtyards; at the same time, the distance from these structures to the buildings must meet the requirements for the construction of semi-enclosed courtyards.
3.25*. The distances between buildings and structures illuminated through window openings must be no less than the values indicated in Table 1*.
Notes: 1. If one of the opposing buildings or structures on the side facing the other, in the area of possible shading, does not have light openings, then the distances between them are determined only by the height of the building or structure without light openings.
2. High-rise structures that do not have light openings (pipes, towers, shelves, columns, etc.) are allowed to be placed from the wall of a building with light openings at a distance of no less than the diameter or side of the structure facing the building. If there are no light openings in the wall of the building in the area of possible shading from a high-rise structure, then the distances between them are not standardized by these standards.
3. For buildings with longitudinal lanterns located less than 3 m from the facade of the building, the height of the building should be taken as the height to the top of the lantern cornice.
4*. The indicated distances can be reduced in the case where, according to calculations taking into account the shading of windows by opposing buildings, the natural or combined lighting required by the standards can be provided in both opposing buildings.
3.26. The coordination axes of opposing buildings located on enterprise sites, as a rule, must coincide.
3.27. Buildings and structures with equipment that causes significant dynamic loads and ground vibration should be located from buildings and structures with industries that are especially sensitive to vibrations at distances determined by calculations taking into account the engineering and geological conditions of the territory, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil of the foundation, and also taking into account measures to eliminate the influence of dynamic loads and vibrations on soils in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on the design of foundations of machines with dynamic loads.
3.28*. Production and testing stations with particularly harmful processes, explosive and fire hazardous facilities, as well as basic warehouses of combustible and flammable materials, toxic and explosive substances should be located in accordance with the requirements of technical regulations and special standards
3.29*. Buildings, structures, open installations with production processes that emit gas, smoke and dust into the atmosphere, explosive and fire hazardous objects should not, if possible, be located in relation to other industrial buildings and structures on the windward side for prevailing winds.
3.30. Cooling ponds, reservoirs, sludge sumps, etc. should be placed so that in the event of an accident, the liquid, when spreading, does not threaten flooding of the enterprise or other industrial, residential and public buildings and structures.
3.31. Spray pools should be positioned with the long side perpendicular to the prevailing direction of the summer winds.
3.32. The distances between buildings and structures, depending on the degree of fire resistance and the category of production, should be taken no less than those indicated in Table 1*.
Table 1*
| The degree of fire resistance of buildings or structures | Distances between buildings and structures, m, with the degree of fire resistance of buildings or structures | ||
| I, II, IIIa | III | IIIb, IV, IVa, V | |
| I, II, IIIa | Not standardized for buildings and structures with production categories G and D 9 - for buildings and structures with production categories A, B, C and E (see note 4) |
9 | 12 |
| III IIIb, IV, IVa, V |
9 12 |
12 15 |
15 18 |
| Notes: 1. The smallest distance between buildings and structures is the clear distance between external walls or structures. If there are protruding structures of buildings or structures of more than 1 m and made of combustible materials, the shortest distance is considered to be the distance between these structures. 2. The distance between industrial buildings and structures is not standardized: a) if the sum of the floor areas of two or more buildings or structures of III, IIIb, IV, IVa, V degrees of fire resistance does not exceed the floor area allowed between fire walls, counting according to the most fire hazardous production and the lowest degree of fire resistance of buildings and structures; b) if the wall of a higher or wider building or structure facing another building is fireproof; c) if buildings and structures of the third degree of fire resistance, regardless of the fire hazard of the industries located in them, have opposing blank walls or walls with openings filled with glass blocks or reinforced glass with a fire resistance limit of at least 0.75 hours. 3. Distance from buildings and structures of any degree of fire resistance to buildings and structures of IIIb, IV, IVa, V degrees of fire resistance in areas located beyond the Arctic Circle, on the coastline of the Bering and Okhotsk Seas, the Tatar Strait, on the Kamchatka Peninsula, on Sakhalin Island , on the Kuril and Commander Islands, increases by 25%. The width of the coastline is assumed to be 100 km, but no further than the nearest mountain range. 4. The specified distance for buildings and structures of I, II, IIIa degrees of fire resistance with production categories A, B, C and E is reduced from 9 to 6 m, subject to one of the following conditions: - buildings and structures are equipped with stationary automatic fire extinguishing systems; - specific load of flammable substances in buildings with category B production facilities is less than or equal to 10 kg per 1 m2 of floor area. 5. The distance from buildings and structures of enterprises (regardless of the degree of their fire resistance) to the boundaries of the coniferous forest and places of development or open peat occurrence should be 100 m, mixed species - 50 m, and to deciduous species - 20 m. When locating enterprises in forest areas, when their construction is associated with deforestation, the indicated distances to the coniferous forest area may be reduced by half. Distances from buildings and structures of enterprises to areas of open peat may be reduced by half, provided that the open peat is backfilled with a layer of earth at least 0.5 m thick within half the distance specified in paragraph 5 of the notes. |
|||
| Warehouses | |||||||||
| Buildings and structures with fire resistance level | Warehouses | ||||||||
| coal | milled peat | sod peat | |||||||
| capacity, t | |||||||||
| I, II, IIIa | III | IIIb, IV, IVa, V | from 1000 to 10000 | less than 1000 | from 1000 to 10000 | less than 1000 | from 1000 to 10000 | less than 1000 | |
| 1000 or more | 6 | 6 | 12 | -* | -* | 12 | 12 | 6 | 6 |
| less than 1000 | Not standardized | 6 | 12 | -* | -* | 12 | 12 | 6 | 6 |
| from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000 |
24 | 30 | 36 | 12 | 12 | -* | -* | -* | -* |
| 18 | 24 | 30 | 12 | 12 | -* | -* | -* | -* | |
| from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000 |
18 | 18 | 24 | 6 | 6 | -* | -* | -* | -* |
| 12 | 15 | 18 | 6 | 6 | -* | -* | -* | -* | |
| from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000 |
15 | 24 | 30 | 24 | 24 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 |
| 12 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | |
| 5. Chips and sawdust capacity, m3: | |||||||||
| from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000 |
18 | 30 | 36 | 24 | 24 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 |
| 15 | 18 | 24 | 18 | 18 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | |
| over 1000 to 2000 from 600 to 1000 less than 600 up to 300 less than 300 |
30 | 30 | 36 | 18 | 18 | 42 | 42 | 36 | 36 |
| 24 | 24 | 30 | 12 | 12 | 36 | 36 | 30 | 30 | |
| 18 | 18 | 24 | 6 | 6 | 30 | 30 | 24 | 24 | |
| 18 | 18 | 24 | 6 | 6 | 30 | 30 | 24 | 24 | |
| 12 | 12 | 18 | 6 | 6 | 24 | 24 | 18 | 18 | |
| over 5000 to 10000 | 30 | 30 | 36 | 18 | 18 | 42 | 42 | 36 | 36 |
| from 3000 to 5000 | 24 | 24 | 30 | 12 | 12 | 36 | 36 | 30 | 30 |
| less than 3000 | 18 | 18 | 24 | 6 | 6 | 30 | 30 | 24 | 24 |
| * Placing the same materials (including milled and sod peat or flammable and combustible liquids) in two or more warehouses is not permitted. Notes: 1*. For warehouses of sawn timber, as well as for warehouses of spontaneously combustible coal with a stack height of more than 2.5 m, the distances indicated in Table 2 for buildings of IIIb, IV, IVa, V degrees of fire resistance should be increased by 25%. 2. The distances indicated in Table 2 from warehouses of peat (milled and lump), timber, flammable and combustible liquids to buildings with production facilities of categories A and B should be increased by 25%. 3. When storing flammable and combustible liquids together, the reduced storage capacity should not exceed the quantities indicated in Table 2, while the reduced capacity is determined on the basis that 1 m3 of flammable liquids is equal to 5 m3 of flammable liquids, and 1 m3 of ground storage capacity is equal to 2 m3 of underground storage capacity. When underground storage of flammable or combustible liquids, the warehouse capacities indicated in Table 2 can be increased by 2 times, and the distances reduced by 50%. 4*. Distances from buildings are not standardized: a) to a coal warehouse with a capacity of less than 100 tons; b) to warehouses of flammable or combustible liquids with a geometric capacity of up to 100 m3 and to warehouses of coal or peat (milled or lump) with a capacity of up to 1000 tons, if the wall of the building facing these warehouses is solid fireproof. 5. The distances indicated in Table 2 should be determined: a) from warehouses of coal, peat (lump or milled), timber and firewood, chips and sawdust - from the border of the areas intended for placement (storage) of these materials; b) from warehouses of flammable and combustible liquids from the walls of tanks, unloading devices or the boundaries of areas intended for placing containers with these liquids; 6*. The distances from the warehouses indicated in Table 2 to open areas (ramps) for equipment (finished products) in combustible containers should be taken according to the column of buildings and structures of IIIb, IV, IVa, V degrees of fire resistance. 7. Distances from closed warehouses of flammable and combustible liquids to other buildings and structures should be taken according to Table 1. |
|||||||||
| Warehouses | Distance from warehouses to buildings and structures and between warehouses, m | |||||||||
| Warehouses | ||||||||||
| Timber (round and sawn) and firewood | wood chips and sawdust | Flammable liquids | flammable liquids | |||||||
| capacity, t | ||||||||||
| from 1000 to 10000 | less than 1000 | from 1000 to 10000 | less than 1000 | from 1000 to 10000 | less than 1000 | less than 600 | over 5000 to 10000 | from 3000 to 5000 | less than 3000 | |
| 1*. Coal capacity, t: | ||||||||||
| 1000 or more less than 1000 |
24 | 18 | 24 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 6 | 18 | 12 | 6 |
| 24 | 18 | 24 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 6 | |
| 2. Milled peat capacity, t: | ||||||||||
| from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000 |
42 | 36 | 42 | 36 | 42 | 36 | 30 | 42 | 36 | 30 |
| 42 | 36 | 42 | 36 | 42 | 36 | 30 | 42 | 36 | 30 | |
| 3. Lump peat capacity, t: | ||||||||||
| from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000 |
42 | 36 | 42 | 36 | 36 | 30 | 24 | 36 | 30 | 24 |
| 42 | 36 | 42 | 36 | 36 | 30 | 24 | 36 | 30 | 24 | |
| 4. Timber (round and sawn) and firewood, capacity, m3: | ||||||||||
| from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000 |
-* | -* | 36 | 30 | 42 | 36 | 30 | 42 | 36 | 30 |
| -* | -* | 36 | 30 | 36 | 30 | 24 | 36 | 30 | 24 | |
| 5. Chips and sawdust capacity, m3: from 1000 to 10000 less than 1000 |
||||||||||
| 36 | 30 | -* | -* | 42 | 36 | 30 | 42 | 36 | 30 | |
| 30 | 24 | -* | -* | 36 | 30 | 24 | 36 | 30 | 24 | |
| 6* Flammable liquids, capacity, m3: | ||||||||||
| over 1000 to 2000 from 600 to 1000 less than 600 up to 300 less than 300 |
42 | 36 | 42 | 36 | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* |
| 36 | 30 | 36 | 30 | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* | |
| 30 | 24 | 30 | 24 | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* | |
| 30 | 24 | 30 | 24 | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* | |
| 24 | 18 | 24 | 18 | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* | |
| 7. Flammable liquids capacity, m3: | ||||||||||
| over 5000 to 10000 | 42 | 36 | 42 | 36 | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* |
| from 3000 to 5000 | 36 | 30 | 36 | 30 | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* |
| less than 3000 | 30 | 24 | 30 | 24 | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* | -* |
3.34. The distances from open ground warehouses to buildings and structures, as well as the distances between these warehouses, should be taken no less than those indicated in Table 2.
3.35. The distances from gas tanks for flammable gases to buildings and structures should be no less than those indicated in Table 3*.
3.36. The distances between water coolers, buildings and structures should be taken no less than those indicated in Table 4.
Table 3*
| Buildings and constructions | Distances from gas tanks, m | |
| piston | constant volume and with water pool | |
| 1. Public buildings │ │ | 150 | 100 |
| 2. Coal warehouse with capacity, t: | ||
| from 10000 to 100000 | 18 | 15 |
| less than 10000 | 12 | 9 |
| 3. Peat warehouse with a capacity of up to 10,000 tons | 30 | 24 |
| 4. Warehouse for timber and firewood, capacity, m3: | ||
| from 1000 to 10000 | 48 | 42 |
| less than 1000 | 36 | 30 |
| 5. Warehouse of combustible materials (chips, sawdust, etc.) with capacity, m3: | ||
| from 1000 to 5000 | 48 | 42 |
| less than 1000 | 36 | 30 |
| 6. Warehouse of flammable liquids, capacity, m3: | ||
| St. 1000 to 2000 | 42 | 36 |
| from 500 to 1000 | 36 | 30 |
| less than 500 | 30 | 24 |
| 7. Warehouse for flammable liquids, capacity, m3: | ||
| St. 5000 to 10000 | 42 | 36 |
| from 2500 to 5000 | 36 | 30 |
| less than 2500 | 30 | 24 |
| 8. Production and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises: | ||
| I, II, IIIa degrees of fire resistance | 30 | 24 |
| III, IIIb, IV, IVa, V degrees of fire resistance | 36 | 30 |
| 9. Pos.9 excluded | ||
| 10. Industrial outdoor ovens and open fire installations | 100 | 100 |
| 11. Boundary of the railway right-of-way | ||
| on the stages | 42 | 30 |
| at marshalling yards | 60 | 48 |
| 12. Boundary of the right of way of motor roads of categories: | ||
| I - III | 30 | 21 |
| IV, V | 21 | 15 |
| 13. Axle of a railway or tram track; edge of the carriageway of a highway that does not have a right of way | 21 | 21 |
| Notes: 1. The distances given apply to gas holder stations and free-standing gas holders with a capacity of more than 1000 m3. For gas tank stations or individual gas tanks with a total capacity of 1000 m3 or less, the indicated distances should be taken with a coefficient of capacity, m3: from 250 to 1000 - 0.7; less than 250 - 0.5. 2. When storing flammable and flammable liquids underground, the distances indicated in positions 6 and 7 should be reduced by 2 times. 3. The distances between gas tanks and chimneys should be taken equal to the height of the chimney. 4. The distances between overhead power networks and gas tanks must be at least 1.5 times the height of the support of these networks. 5. Distances from oxygen gas tanks can be reduced by 2 times. Distances from gas tanks for other non-flammable gases should be taken no less than those indicated in Table 1*, as from structures of I, II, IIIa degrees of fire resistance. 6. In the area between gas tanks and buildings or structures, it is permitted to place open warehouses for storing non-combustible materials. 7. The capacity of gas holders should be considered the geometric volume of gas holders. |
||
| Buildings and constructions | Distances, m, to | |||
| splash pools | tower cooling towers | ground-mounted fan sectional cooling towers | fan sectional cooling towers on building roofs | |
| 1. Splash pools | - | 30 | 30 | - |
| 2. Cooling towers | 30 | 0.5 D*, but not less than 18 | 18 | - |
| 3. Ground-mounted sectional cooling towers | 30 | 15 | 9-24** | - |
| 4. Fan sectional cooling towers on building roofs | - | - | - | 12 |
| 5. Buildings with walls made of materials with frost resistance grades of at least Mr3 25 | 42 | 21 | 21 | 9 |
| 6. Open electrical substations and power lines | 80 | 30 | 42 | 42 |
| 7. Open ground warehouses | 60 | According to Table 2, but not less: | ||
| 21 | 24 | 15 | ||
| 8. Ground and above-ground utility networks, fences | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| 9. Axle of external and marshalling railway tracks | 80 | 42 | 60 | 21 |
| 10. Axis of internal railway sidings | 30 | 12*** | 12*** | 9*** |
| 11. Edge of the carriageway of public roads | 60 | 21 | 39 | 9 |
| 12. The edge of the roadway of access roads and in-plant roads | 21 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| *D - diameter of the cooling tower at the level of the entrance windows. ** For a section area up to 20 m2 - 9 m, over 20 to 100 m2 - 15 m, over 100 to 200 m2 - 21 m, over 200 m2 - 24 m. *** When using locomotive traction and using combustible enclosing structures of cooling towers, the distance is assumed to be 21 m. Notes: 1. The distances indicated in positions 1 - 4 must be taken in the light between rows of similar coolers, while the spray pools are installed in one row. If cooling towers of different sizes are placed in rows, the distance between the rows is taken for cooling towers of larger area. 2. The distance between the rows of single-fan cooling towers should be determined based on the conditions for the placement of communications, but not less than 15 m; the distances from single-fan cooling towers to buildings and structures are accepted as for tower cooling towers. 3. For tower cooling towers, the distances between the rows are given for their area up to 3200 m2; for a larger area, the distances should be taken on the basis of appropriate justification. 4. The distance between coolers in one row should be taken equal to: - tower cooling towers - 0.4 of the diameter of the cooling tower at the base, but not less than 12 m; - fan sectional cooling towers on ground and on building surfaces - 3 m; - single-fan cooling towers - double the height of the air input windows, but not less than 3 m; 5. Distances, with the exception of those indicated in item 7, for warehouses (sheds) of sodium, potassium, calcium carbide and other materials that, when interacting with water, form explosive substances, may be reduced: for coolers with an area of up to 20 m2 - by no more than 40% , over 20 to 100 m2 - no more than 30%, but in all cases must be at least 6 m. 6. For areas with an average air temperature of the coldest five days below minus 36°C, the distances indicated in positions 2, 3, 8, 9 and 10 should be increased by 25%. 7. For buildings with walls made of materials with a frost resistance grade of less than MP3 25, it is necessary to take measures to protect the walls from moisture and icing. 8. At reconstructed enterprises, the distances between water coolers, as well as water coolers and buildings and structures, may be reduced, but not more than by 25%. 9. The distances between water coolers and roads, ground and above-ground utility networks intended to serve these water coolers are not standardized. 10. The distances indicated in pos. 5 - 8 may be reduced by 25% provided that water coolers operate only during periods of positive outside air temperatures. 11. The distance from fan sectional cooling towers placed on the roofs of buildings to the outer wall of the same building is not standardized. The distance from the fan sectional cooling towers to the walls of the elevated parts of the same building is taken according to item 5, taking into account note 5 or note 8 and 10. 12*. Minimum distances from cooling towers with a capacity of up to 100 m3/h: - up to buildings and structures with walls made of materials with frost resistance of at least MR3 25 - 15 m; - to open transformer substations - 30 m; - to the axis of internal railway access roads and the edge of the roadway of access roads and intra-factory roads - 6 m. 13. A waterproof covering of at least 2.5 m wide with a slope to ensure water drainage should be provided around splash pools. 14. Distances from open settling tanks to buildings and structures should be taken as for fan sectional ground-based cooling towers. |
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The location of fire stations should be selected based on the service radius of the enterprise, taking into account existing fire stations (posts) located within the established service radii.
The service radius of fire stations should be: 2 km - for enterprises with production categories A, B and C, occupying more than 50% of the total building area; 4 km - for enterprises with production facilities of categories A, B and C, occupying up to 50% of the building area, and enterprises with production facilities of categories D and D.
Notes: 1*. The service radius of a fire station (post) must be determined from the conditions of the route to the most remote building or structure along public roads or driveways. If the specified radius is exceeded, additional fire stations must be provided at the enterprise site. The service radii for fire stations should be the same as for fire stations.
2*. If there are enterprises, buildings and structures on the site of III, IIIb, IV, IVa, V degrees of fire resistance with a built-up area of # more than 50% of the entire building area of the enterprise, the service radius of fire stations and posts should be reduced by 40%.
3. Fire stations may be built into industrial and auxiliary buildings with production facilities of categories B, D and D.
4. Exits from fire stations and posts must be located so that departing fire trucks do not cross the main flow of traffic and pedestrians.
5. The number of fire trucks and the number of personnel at fire stations (posts) are established by the customer in the design assignment in agreement with interested organizations.
Roads, entrances and passages
3.38. Railways, hydraulic, conveyor transport and aerial cableways of industrial enterprises, technology parks and industrial units should be designed in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on the design of industrial transport.
3.39. Highways and bicycle paths of industrial enterprises, technology parks and industrial hubs should be designed in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on highway design.
3.40. The transport scheme of an industrial hub within the boundaries of the production territorial zone should provide for:
a) combination of transport structures and devices for various types of transport (combined road and rail or road and tram bridges and overpasses, common roadbed for roads and tram tracks, except expressways, etc.);
b) the use of structures and devices designed for other purposes (reservoir dams and dams, culverts) under the roadbed and artificial structures of railways and roads;
c) the possibility of subsequent development of the external transport scheme.
3.41. When transporting goods by waterways, it is necessary, as a rule, to provide for the construction of integrated ports of enterprises.
The construction of berths for individual enterprises is permitted according to technological requirements or special construction conditions.
3.42. Bicycle and pedestrian paths or sidewalks should be provided along highways connecting enterprises, industrial parks with places of resettlement of workers, if their length is no more than 2 km.
Bicycle paths should be designed when the intensity of bicycle (moped) traffic is more than 250 units/day and the intensity of car traffic on the road along which the bicycle path is designed is more than 2000 cars/day.
3.43*. Enterprises with plots (sites) larger than 5 hectares must have at least two entrances.
If the size of a side of the enterprise site is more than 1000 m and it is located along a street or highway, at least two entrances to the site should be provided on this side. The distance between entrances should not exceed 1500 m.
Note: Fenced areas inside areas (sites) of enterprises (open transformer substations, warehouses, etc.) with an area of more than 5 hectares must have at least two entrances.
3.44. The width of gates for automobile entrances to the enterprise site should be taken according to the largest width of the vehicles used plus 1.5 m, but not less than 4.5 m, and the width of gates for railway entrances should be no less than 4.9 m.
3.45. The choice of the type of in-plant transport for enterprises should be made on the basis of the results of technical and economic comparisons of various options, taking into account the organization of a single transport process with the transfer of processed materials from places of their storage to places of consumption by the same vehicles, bypassing reloading from inter-shop transport to intra-shop transport.
3.46*. Access to fire trucks must be provided to buildings and structures along their entire length: on one side - with a building or structure width of up to 18 m and on both sides - with a width of more than 18 m, as well as when constructing closed and semi-enclosed courtyards.
For buildings with a built-up area of more than 10 hectares or a width of more than 100 m, fire truck access must be provided from all sides.
In cases where production conditions do not require the construction of roads, the access of fire trucks may be provided on a planned surface, reinforced along a width of 3.5 m in places of passage in clay and sandy (silty) soils with various local materials with the creation of slopes that ensure the natural drainage of surface water
The distance from the edge of the roadway or a planned surface allowing the passage of fire engines to the walls of buildings up to 12 m high should be no more than 25 m, with a building height of over 12 to 28 m - no more than 8 m, with a building height of over 28 m - not more than 10 m.
If necessary, the distance from the edge of the roadway to the extreme axis of industrial buildings and structures may be increased to 60 m, provided that dead-end roads are installed to the buildings and structures with areas for turning fire trucks and fire hydrants are installed on these areas, while the distance from the buildings and structures to the turning areas for fire trucks should be at least 5 and no more than 15 m, the distance between dead-end roads should not exceed 100 m.
Notes: 1*. The width of buildings and structures should be taken as the distance between the extreme alignment axes.
2. To reservoirs that can be used to extinguish a fire, entrances with platforms measuring at least 12 x 12 m should be built.
3. Fire hydrants should be located along highways at a distance of no more than 2.5 m from the edge of the roadway, but no closer than 5 m from the walls of the building; During a feasibility study, it is allowed to place hydrants on the roadway.
4*. Access for fire trucks should not be provided to buildings and structures whose materials and structures, as well as technological processes, exclude the possibility of fire.
3.47. The width of passages on the territory of the enterprise should be taken based on the most compact placement of roads, utility networks and landscaping, but not less than the distances between buildings and structures given in Table 1* and required by sanitary standards for the design of industrial enterprises.
Note. The width of the passage is the distance between the external coordination axes of the buildings that limit the passage.
3.48. As a rule, the passage should include one motorway. The construction of two highways in one passage is permitted:
a) when the coverage area of one motor road with access roads is equal to or greater than the coverage area of two motor roads with access roads;
b) with complex terrain of the enterprise site, requiring the construction of roads at different levels to ensure entry of trackless vehicles into production buildings.
3.49. The distances from the side stone or the edge of the reinforced shoulder of highways to buildings and structures should be taken no less than those indicated in Table 5*.
Table 5*
| Buildings and constructions | Distance, m |
| 1. External edges of the walls of buildings, including vestibules and extensions: | |
| a) in the absence of an entrance to the building and with a building length of up to 20 m | 1,5 |
| b) the same, with a building length of more than 20 m | 3 |
| c) if there is an entrance to the building for two-axle vehicles and forklifts | 8 |
| d) if there is an entrance to the building for three-axle vehicles | 12 |
| e) if there is only electric cars entering the building | 5 |
| 2. Axes of parallel railway tracks: | |
| 1520 (1524) mm | 3,75 |
| 750 mm | 3 |
| 3. Fencing the enterprise site | 1,5 |
| 4. Pos.4 excluded | |
| 5. Outer edges of supports of overpasses and overpasses, chimneys, pillars, masts, protruding parts of buildings: pilasters, buttresses, external stairs, etc. | 0,5 |
| 6. The axis of the railway track along which liquid metal, slag, carts with ingots and molds, carts with molds and boxes for transporting charge materials are transported | 5 |
| Notes: 1. When designing roads for the movement of tractors with openings for long cargo (logs, beams, etc.) at curves and intersections, the distances indicated in the table should be increased according to the amount of cargo overhang in accordance with the requirements of the SNiP chapter on highway design. 2. The distances from the side stone, the edge of the roadway or a reinforced roadside strip to tree trunks or shrubs must be determined depending on the species of trees and shrubs (but not less than the values given in Table 7) so that the crown of trees, taking into account its pruning and bushes did not overhang the roadway or shoulder. 3. If the width of the traffic lane of a two-lane road is less than 3.75 m and in the absence of a side stone or a reinforced shoulder strip, the distance in the cases provided for in item 5 of the table must be at least 4.25 m from the axis of the road. If the vehicle width is more than 2.5 m, the specified distance must be increased accordingly. 4. When cars with trailers enter the workshop, the distance from the workshop wall to the road should be determined by calculation. 5*. The distances indicated in positions 1"c" - 1"d" of this table may be reduced to 3 m during reconstruction, provided that road safety is ensured. |
|
The elevation of the bottom of the building structures of the listed structures above the roadway must be equal to the height of the loaded design vehicle, increased by 1 m, and be at least 5 m.
When justifying the types of vehicles and the dimensions of the transported cargo, it is allowed to accept a height dimension of 4.5 m.
3.51. Entries of railway tracks into industrial buildings, as a rule, should be dead-end with the rail head level at the same level as the floor level.
3.52. The distances from the axis of in-plant railway tracks (except for the tracks along which liquid iron, slag and hot ingots are transported) to buildings and structures should be taken no less than those indicated in Table 6.
3.53. When designing roadbeds of roads and railways for the Northern construction-climatic zone, on the principle of preserving soils in a frozen state, a strip of territory should be provided along the roadbed, within which structures that can influence its thermal regime cannot be located. The width of such a strip should be determined by calculation.
Table 6
| Buildings and constructions | Distance, m, with rut, mm | |
| 1520(1524) | 750 | |
| 1. The outer edges of walls or protruding parts of a building: pilasters, buttresses, vestibules, stairs, etc. | ||
| a) in the absence of exits from buildings | 3,1 | 2,3 |
| b) if there are exits from buildings | 6 | 5 |
| c) in the presence of exits from buildings and the installation of protective barriers (at least 10 m long) located between exits from buildings and railway tracks parallel to the walls of buildings | 4,1 | 3,5 |
| 2. Free-standing columns, pillars of gate openings of industrial buildings, as well as protruding parts of buildings (pilasters, buttresses, vestibules, stairs, etc.) with their length along the path not exceeding 1000 mm; unloading and loading and unloading devices, devices for maintenance, equipment and repair of rolling stock, as well as other technological devices in a non-working position, located on station (except for main and receiving) tracks. | According to the size of the buildings’ proximity to the railway tracks: | |
| GOST9238-83 | GOST9720-76 | |
| 3. Round timber warehouse with a capacity of up to 10,000 m3 | 5 | 4,5 |
| 4. Warehouse of lumber, wood chips and sawdust with a capacity of up to 5000 m3 | 10 | 9,5 |
| 5. Warehouse of flammable liquids with a capacity of up to 2000 m3 | 20 | 19,5 |
| 6. Warehouse for flammable liquids with a capacity of up to 10,000 m3 | 10 | 9,5 |
| 7. Coal warehouse with a capacity of up to 100,000 tons | 5 | 4,5 |
| 8. Milled peat warehouse with a capacity of up to 10,000 tons | 10 | 9,5 |
| 9. Sod peat warehouse with a capacity of up to 10,000 tons | 10 | 9,5 |
| Notes: 1. The distances indicated in positions 3 - 9 should be assigned taking into account note 5 of table 2. 2. External fences of enterprises and territories for which security is required should be placed at a distance from the axis of the railway tracks of at least 5 m. 3. The proximity of railway tracks to round timber stacks in warehouses with a capacity of more than 10,000 m3 should be taken in accordance with the design standards for timber warehouses. 4*. The placement of railway tracks between the highway and the wall of the building from which vehicles are allowed to exit onto this road is permitted only according to technological requirements; in this case, the distance from the wall of the building to the axis of the track must be at least 6 m. |
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Vertical layout
3.54. Continuous vertical planning of sites (sites) of enterprises, technology parks and territories of industrial hubs should be used when the building density is more than 25%, as well as when enterprise sites are highly saturated with roads and utility networks, in other cases - selective vertical planning, performing planning work only on sites where buildings or structures are located; selective vertical planning should also be used in the presence of rocky soils, when preserving forests or other green spaces, as well as in unfavorable hydrogeological conditions.
When designing a vertical layout, the least amount of excavation work and minimal soil movement within the developed area should be provided.
3.55. At the sites of enterprises, technology parks and the territories of industrial hubs, it is necessary to provide for the removal (both in the embankment and in the excavation), storage and temporary storage of the fertile soil layer, where it will not be disturbed, contaminated, flooded or inundated during construction work or during the operation of enterprises, buildings or structures. Storage conditions and the procedure for using the removed fertile soil layer are determined by the authorities providing land plots for use.
3.56. The slope of the site surface should be no less than 0.003 and no more than 0.05 for clay soils; 0.03 - for sandy soils; 0.01 - for easily eroded soils (loess, fine sands) and 0.03 - for permafrost soils.
In conditions of type II subsidence soils, the minimum slopes of the planned site surface should be taken as 0.005.
3.57. When locating enterprises and technology parks on a slope or at its bottom, in order to protect the territory from flooding with water, upland ditches must be installed on the upstream side. The cross-section of ditches and their number must be determined by calculation in accordance with the chapter of SNiP for the design of water supply, external networks and structures.
3.58. At enterprise sites, as a rule, a closed storm drainage network should be provided.
3.59. If it is necessary to use an open drainage network at enterprise sites, the smallest dimensions of ditches and ditches of trapezoidal cross-section should be taken: bottom width - 0.3 m, depth - 0.4 m.
3.60. Tank farms or separate tanks with flammable and combustible liquids, liquefied flammable gases, toxic substances should be located, as a rule, at lower elevations in relation to the buildings and structures of the enterprise and, in accordance with the requirements of fire safety standards, should be fenced off (taking into account the terrain ) solid fireproof walls or earthen ramparts.
In cases where these structures are located at higher elevations, additional measures should be taken to prevent the possibility of spilled liquid penetrating beyond the boundaries of the enclosing structures in case of accidents of ground-based tanks.
3.61. Planning marks for buildings and structures of enterprises, technology parks and industrial hubs should be assigned based on a comparison of the technical and economic indicators of the developed options; In this case, as a rule, a balance of earth masses should be ensured.
3.62. When performing vertical planning of sites of enterprises, technology parks and industrial units, it is allowed to use sustainable, non-rotting and non-decaying industrial waste, if it is not aggressive to underground structures and tree plantations.
3.63. When placing industrial units in difficult topographical conditions, individual enterprises of a technology park or industrial unit, with an appropriate feasibility study, can be located partially or completely in places where soil is added or cut off, ensuring, as a rule, a balance of earth masses throughout the unit as a whole.
The vertical layout design in such cases should be carried out taking into account the order of work.
3.64. The level of the floors of the first floor of buildings should, as a rule, be at least 15 cm higher than the planning level of the areas adjacent to the buildings.
3.65. The floor level of basements or other buried rooms must be at least 0.5 m above the groundwater level. If it is necessary to install these rooms with a floor level below the specified groundwater level, waterproofing of the premises or lowering the groundwater level should be provided. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of rising groundwater levels during operation of the enterprise.
3.66. If it is necessary to drain water along buildings in the absence of sidewalks, provision should be made for installing trays near the blind area.
3.67. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, when vertical planning, the following requirements must be observed:
a) if it is possible to preserve the natural topography of the area, do not disturb the vegetation and soil cover, as well as natural vegetation (trees, shrubs);
b) during construction according to the first principle of using soils as foundations, vertical planning, when necessary, should be carried out in embankments without disturbing the vegetation cover; cutting is allowed only in areas where the deformation of the foundations will not exceed the maximum values established for thawing soils;
c) planning marks and volumes of embankments should be assigned taking into account the possibility of soil compaction during thawing;
d) during construction according to principle I, do not allow concentrated discharge of surface water into low-lying areas of the relief;
e) when designing drainage channels in ice-saturated soils, provide measures to prevent the formation of ice dams, as well as design measures that ensure the hydrothermal regime of the foundations and slopes of the ditches according to thermal engineering calculations;
f) when locating enterprises on a slope or at its bottom, in order to protect the territory from flooding with water from the upstream side, construct upland ditches and upland ridges; upland ditches should be located no closer than 5 m from the boundaries of the site.
3.68. Excavations in permafrost soils must have a layer of non-subsidence soils below their design elevations to maintain the permafrost state of the base. The thickness of the layer should be determined based on the results of thermal engineering calculations.
3.69. For the Northern construction-climatic zone, drainage of surface inputs at enterprise sites should be provided only through open ditches or trays, and from recesses - through pipes. The distance from buildings and structures to drains should be determined based on the results of calculations based on the condition of maintaining the permafrost state of the soils of the foundations of nearby objects.
Improvement
3.70. Enterprises, technology parks and industrial hubs located in areas exposed to winds with an average speed of more than 10 m/s during the three coldest months must be protected by strips of tree plantations from the prevailing wind direction. The width of the strips must be at least 40 m.
3.71. For landscaping the sites of enterprises, technology parks and the territory of industrial hubs, local species of trees and shrubs should be used, taking into account their sanitary, protective and decorative properties and resistance to harmful substances emitted by enterprises.
Existing tree stands should be preserved whenever possible.
Notes: 1. In the area where food industry enterprises, workshops with precision production processes are located, as well as blowing, compressor and motor testing stations, it is prohibited to use tree plantings that emit flakes, fibrous substances and pubescent seeds when flowering.
2. Planting coniferous trees within the limits of standard fire-fighting distances is not allowed.
3.72. On the sites of enterprises and technology parks that emit harmful substances into the atmosphere, the placement of trees and shrubs in the form of dense groups and stripes that cause the accumulation of harmful substances is not allowed.
3.73. The area of territorial elements intended for landscaping within the site of an enterprise or technology park should be determined at a rate of at least 3 per worker in the largest shift. For enterprises, technology parks with 300 employees. or more per 1 hectare of the site of an enterprise or technology park, the area of the territory elements intended for landscaping may be reduced in order to ensure the established indicator of building density. The maximum size of territory elements intended for landscaping should not exceed 15% of the enterprise site.
Notes: 1. For the Northern construction-climatic zone, the area of the territory elements intended for landscaping is not standardized.
2. In climatic zone IV on the territory of an enterprise or technology park, a watering system should be provided for the elements of the territory intended for landscaping.
3. Landscaping may be placed on building surfaces.
4. It is allowed to use “mobile gardens” for landscaping, placing trees and shrubs in containers.
3.74. The distance from buildings and structures to trees and shrubs should be no less than those indicated in Table 7.
Table 7 
3.75. When planting in rows, the distances between trees and shrubs should be no less than those indicated in Table 8.
Table 8 
3.76. The distance between the border of tree plantations and cooling ponds and splash pools, counting from the coastal edge, must be at least 40 m.
3.77. The main type of landscaping at the sites of industrial enterprises and technology parks should be a lawn.
3.78. On the territory of an enterprise or technology park, landscaped areas for recreation and gymnastic exercises of workers should be provided.
The sites should be located on the windward side in relation to buildings with industries that emit harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
The size of the sites should be taken at the rate of no more than 1 per worker in the largest shift.
3.79. For enterprises and technology parks with industries that emit aerosols, decorative ponds, fountains, and rain installations should not be provided, which would increase the concentration of harmful substances on the sites of enterprises and technology parks.
3.80. Along highways and industrial roads, sidewalks should be provided in all cases, regardless of the intensity of pedestrian traffic, and along driveways and entrances - with a traffic intensity of at least 100 people. per shift.
3.81. Sidewalks on the site of an enterprise, technology park, or industrial hub must be located no closer than 3.75 m from the nearest normal gauge railway track. Reducing this distance (but not less than the dimensions of the approaching buildings) is allowed when installing railings enclosing the sidewalk.
The distance from the axis of the railway track along which hot goods are transported to the sidewalks must be at least 5 m.
Sidewalks along buildings should be placed:
a) with organized drainage of water from the roofs of buildings - close to the building line with an increase in the width of the sidewalk by 0.5 m in this case (against that provided for by the standards of clause 3.82);
b) in case of unorganized drainage of water from roofs - at least 1.5 m from the building line.
3.82*. The width of the sidewalk should be taken as a multiple of the traffic lane with a width of 0.75 m. The number of traffic lanes on the sidewalk should be set depending on the number of workers employed in the largest shift in the building (or group of buildings) to which the sidewalk leads, based on 750 people. per shift per one lane. The minimum width of the sidewalk must be at least 1.5 m.
When the intensity of pedestrian traffic is less than 100 person-hours in both directions, sidewalks with a width of 1 m are allowed, and when moving along them for disabled people using wheelchairs, sidewalks with a width of 1.2 m are allowed.
The slopes of sidewalks intended for the possible passage of disabled people using wheelchairs should not exceed: longitudinal - 5%, transverse - 1%. At the intersection of such sidewalks with the roadway of the enterprise, the height of the side stones should not exceed 4 cm.
3.83. When placing sidewalks next to or on a common roadbed with a highway, they must be separated from the road by a dividing strip at least 0.8 m wide. The location of sidewalks close to the carriageway of a highway is allowed only in conditions of reconstruction of the enterprise.
When the sidewalk adjoins the roadway, the sidewalk must be at the level of the top of the side stone, but not less than 15 cm above the roadway.
Note. For the Northern construction-climatic zone, sidewalks and bicycle paths along highways should be designed on a common subgrade, separating them from the roadway with a lawn of at least 1 m, without installing side stones, but with a through fence between the lawn and the sidewalk.
3.84. When reconstructing enterprises and technology parks located in crowded areas, it is allowed, with appropriate justification, to increase the width of highways due to planting strips separating them from sidewalks, and in their absence, due to sidewalks with the relocation of the latter.
3.85*. In areas (sites) of enterprises, technology parks and territories of industrial hubs, the intersection of pedestrian traffic with railway tracks in places where there is a mass passage of workers is, as a rule, not allowed. When justifying the need for the construction of these intersections, crossings at one level should be equipped with traffic lights and audible alarms, and also ensure visibility no less than that provided for in the chapter of SNiP on highway design.
Intersections at different levels (mainly in tunnels) should be provided in the following cases: intersections of station tracks, including exhaust tracks; transportation along the routes of liquid metals and slag; the production of shunting work on intersecting routes and the impossibility of stopping it during the mass passage of people; sludge on the wagon tracks; heavy traffic (more than 50 passes per day in both directions).
When moving around the territory of an enterprise or technology park for disabled people using wheelchairs, pedestrian tunnels must be equipped with ramps.
Intersections of highways with pedestrian paths should be designed in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements.
3.86. The fencing of enterprise sites should be provided in accordance with the "Guidelines for the design of fencing of sites and areas of enterprises, buildings and structures."
4. Placement of utility networks
4.1. For enterprises, technology parks and industrial hubs, a unified system of utility networks should be designed, located in technical strips that ensure the occupation of the smallest areas of the territory and connection with buildings and structures.
4.2*. At the sites of industrial enterprises, predominantly ground and above-ground methods for placing utility networks should be provided.
In the pre-factory areas of enterprises, technology parks and public centers of industrial hubs, underground placement of utility networks should be provided.
4.3. For networks for various purposes, it is necessary, as a rule, to provide for joint placement in common trenches, tunnels, channels, on low supports, sleepers or on overpasses in compliance with the relevant sanitary and fire safety standards and safety rules for the operation of networks.
Joint underground placement of recycling water supply pipelines, heating networks and gas pipelines with process pipelines is allowed, regardless of the coolant parameters and environmental parameters in the process pipelines.
4.4. When designing utility networks at the sites of enterprises and technology parks located in special natural and climatic conditions, the requirements stipulated by the chapters of SNiP for the design of water supply, sewerage, gas supply and heating networks should also be met.
4.5. Placing external networks with flammable and combustible liquids and gases under buildings and structures is not permitted.
4.6. The choice of method for placing power cable lines should be provided in accordance with the requirements of the "Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations" (RUE), approved by the USSR Ministry of Energy.
4.7. When placing heating networks, the intersection of production and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises is allowed.
Underground networks
4.8. Underground networks, as a rule, should be laid outside the carriageway of roads.
On the territory of reconstructed enterprises and technology parks, it is allowed to place underground networks under highways.
Notes: 1. Ventilation shafts, entrances and other devices of channels and tunnels must be located outside the roadway and in areas free from buildings.
2. When laying without channels, it is allowed to place networks within the boundaries of the roadsides.
4.9. In the Northern construction-climatic zone, utility networks, as a rule, should be laid together in tunnels and channels, preventing changes in the temperature regime of the soil foundations of nearby buildings and structures.
Note. Water supply, sewer and drainage networks should be located in the zone of temperature influence of heating networks.
4.10. In channels and tunnels, it is allowed to place gas pipelines of flammable gases (natural, associated petroleum, artificial mixed and liquefied hydrocarbons) with a gas pressure of up to 0.6 MPa (6) together with other pipelines and communication cables, provided that ventilation and lighting are installed in the channels and tunnels in in accordance with sanitary standards.
It is not allowed to place together in the channel and tunnel: gas pipelines of flammable gases with power cables and lighting, with the exception of cables for lighting the channel or tunnel itself; pipelines of heating networks with liquefied gas pipelines, oxygen pipelines, nitrogen pipelines, cold pipelines, pipelines with flammable, volatile chemically caustic and toxic substances and with household sewage effluents; pipelines of flammable and combustible liquids with power and communication cables, with fire-fighting water supply networks and gravity sewerage; oxygen pipelines with gas pipelines of flammable gases, flammable and combustible liquids with pipelines of toxic liquids and with power cables.
Notes: 1. It is allowed to place flammable and combustible liquids in common channels and pipeline tunnels together with pressure water supply networks (except fire-fighting) and pressure sewerage.
2. Channels and tunnels intended for placing pipelines with fire, explosive and toxic materials (liquids) must have exits at least every 60 m and at its ends.
4.11*. Underground utilities should be placed parallel in a common trench; at the same time, the distances between utility networks, as well as from these networks to the foundations of buildings and structures, should be taken as minimally acceptable based on the size and placement of cameras, wells and other devices on these networks, the conditions of installation and repair of networks.
The horizontal (clear) distances from the nearest underground utility networks, with the exception of flammable gas pipelines, to buildings and structures should be taken no more than those indicated in Table 9. The distances from flammable gas pipelines to buildings and structures indicated in this table are minimal.
The horizontal (clear) distances between adjacent underground utility networks when they are placed in parallel should be taken no more than those indicated in Table 10.
4.12. When laying a cable line parallel to a high-voltage line (OHL) with a voltage of 110 kV and above, the horizontal distance (in the clear) from the cable to the outermost wire must be at least 10 m.
In the conditions of reconstruction of enterprises, the distance from cable lines to the underground parts and grounding conductors of individual overhead line supports with voltages above 1000 V is allowed to be at least 2 m, while the horizontal distance (in the clear) to the outermost wire of the overhead line is not standardized.
4.13*. When crossing utility networks, the vertical (clear) distances must be no less than:
a) between pipelines or electrical cables, communication cables and railway and tram tracks, counting from the base of the rail, or highways, counting from the top of the coating to the top of the pipe (or its case) or electrical cable - based on the strength of the network, but not less than 0 .6 m;
b) between pipelines and electrical cables placed in canals or tunnels and railways, the vertical distance, counting from the top of the canals or tunnels to the bottom of the railway rails, is 1 m, to the bottom of the ditch or other drainage structures or the base of the railway earthen embankment canvas - 0.5 m;
c) between pipelines and power cables with voltage up to 35 kV and communication cables - 0.5 m;
d) between power cables with voltage 110 - 220 kV and pipelines - 1 m;
e) in the conditions of reconstruction of enterprises, subject to compliance with the requirements of the PUE, the distance between cables of all voltages and pipelines may be reduced to 0.25 m;
f) between pipelines for various purposes (with the exception of sewer pipelines crossing water pipelines and pipelines for toxic and foul-smelling liquids) - 0.2 m;
g) pipelines transporting drinking water should be placed 0.4 m higher than sewer or pipelines transporting toxic and foul-smelling liquids;
h) it is allowed to place steel pipelines enclosed in cases transporting drinking water below sewer pipes, while the distance from the walls of the sewer pipes to the edge of the case must be at least 5 m in each direction in clay soils and 10 m in coarse and sandy soils , and sewer pipelines should be made of cast iron pipes;
i) utility and drinking water supply inlets with a pipe diameter of up to 150 mm may be provided below sewer lines without installing a casing, if the distance between the walls of intersecting pipes is 0.5 m;
j) when laying ductless pipelines of water heating networks of an open heating supply system or hot water supply networks, the distance from these pipelines to the sewer pipelines located below and above should be taken as 0.4 m.
4.14. When placing utility networks vertically on the sites of industrial enterprises and the territories of industrial hubs, the norms of the chapters of SNiP on the design of water supply, sewerage, gas supply, heating networks, structures of industrial enterprises, and PUE must be observed.
4.15. When crossing canals or tunnels for various purposes, gas pipelines should be placed above or below these structures in cases extending 2 m on both sides from the outer walls of the canals or tunnels. It is allowed to lay underground gas pipelines in a casing with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa (6) through tunnels for various purposes.
Table 9 
Continuation of table 9 
Table 10 
Continuation of table 10 
4.16. Intersections of pipelines with railway and tram tracks, as well as with roads, should, as a rule, be provided at an angle of 90°. In some cases, with appropriate justification, it is possible to reduce the intersection angle to 45°.
The distance from gas pipelines and heating networks to the beginning of the points, the tail of the crosspieces and the points of connection of suction cables to the rails should be taken at least 3 m for tram tracks and 10 m for railways.
4.17. The intersection of cable lines laid directly in the ground with the tracks of electrified rail transport should be provided at an angle of 75 - 90° to the axis of the track. The intersection must be at a distance of at least 10 m for railways and at least 3 m for tram tracks from the beginning of the points, the tail of the crosspieces and the points where the suction cables are connected to the rails.
In the case of a transition of a cable line into an overhead line, the cable must exit to the surface at a distance of at least 3.5 m from the base of the embankment or from the edge of the railway or highway bed.
Terrestrial networks
4.18. When placing networks on land, it is necessary to provide for their protection from mechanical damage and adverse atmospheric influences.
Ground nets should be placed on sleepers laid in open trays, at elevations below the planning elevations of the sites (territories). Other types of above-ground placement of networks are allowed (in channels and tunnels laid on the surface of the territory or on a continuous bedding, in semi-buried channels and tunnels, in open trenches, etc.).
4.19. Pipelines for flammable gases, toxic products, pipelines through which acids and alkalis are transported, as well as domestic sewerage pipelines are not allowed to be placed in open trenches and trays.
4.20. Ground networks are not allowed to be placed within the strip reserved for laying underground networks in trenches and channels that require periodic access to them during operation.
Overhead networks
4.21. Aboveground utility networks should be placed on supports, overpasses, in galleries or on the walls of buildings and structures.
4.22. The intersection of cable overpasses and galleries with overhead power lines, intra-factory railways and roads, cable cars, overhead communication and radio lines and pipelines should be carried out at an angle of at least 30°.
4.23*. The placement of overhead networks is not allowed:
a) transit on-site pipelines with flammable and combustible liquids and gases along overpasses, free-standing columns and supports made of combustible materials, as well as along the walls and roofs of buildings with the exception of buildings of I, II, IIIa degrees of fire resistance with production categories B, D and D;
b) pipelines with flammable liquid and gaseous products in galleries, if mixing of products can cause an explosion or fire;
c) pipelines with flammable and combustible liquids and gases; on combustible coatings and walls;
on coatings and walls of buildings in which explosive materials are located;
d) gas pipelines for flammable gases:
on the territory of warehouses for flammable and combustible liquids and materials.
Note. The on-site pipeline is transit in relation to those buildings whose technological installations do not produce or consume liquids and gases transported through these pipelines.
4.24. Aboveground pipelines for flammable and combustible liquids, laid on separate supports, overpasses, etc., should be placed at a distance of at least 3 m from the walls of buildings with openings; from walls without openings, this distance can be reduced to 0.5 m.
4.25. Pressure pipelines with liquids and gases, as well as power and communication cables should be placed on low supports, located:
a) in technical zones of enterprise sites specially designated for these purposes;
b) on the territory of warehouses for liquid products and liquefied gases.
4.26. The height from the ground level to the bottom of pipes (or the surface of their insulation) laid on low supports in a free area outside the passage of vehicles and the passage of people should be no less than:
with a pipe group width of at least 1.5 m - 0.35 m; with a pipe group width of 1.5 m or more - 0.5 m.
The placement of pipelines with a diameter of 300 mm or less on low supports should be provided in two rows or more vertically, reducing the width of the network route as much as possible.
4.27*. The height from ground level to the bottom of pipes or insulation surfaces laid on high supports should be taken as follows:
a) in the impassable part of the site (territory), in places where people pass - 2.2 m;
b) at intersections with roads (from the top of the roadway) - 5 m;
c) at intersections with internal railway access roads and general network tracks - in accordance with GOST 9238-83;
d) excluded;
e) at intersections with tram tracks - 7.1 m from the rail head;
f) at the intersection with the trolleybus contact network (from the top of the road surface) - 7.3 m;
g) at the intersection of pipelines with flammable and combustible liquids and gases with internal railway access roads for transporting molten cast iron or hot slag (to the rail head) - 10 m; when installing thermal protection of pipelines - 6 m.
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* A group of enterprises with common facilities located on the site of one of the enterprises, technology parks, or on a separate site or lands of municipal or state property, is hereinafter referred to as an “industrial hub”.